Phytopathology最新文献_第4页

The PDZ Domain-Containing Protein Prc Is Involved in Virulence and Stress Tolerance in the Poplar Canker Bacterium Lonsdalea populi. 含PDZ结构域蛋白Prc参与杨树溃疡病细菌毒力和胁迫耐受。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0066-R

Zexu Ming, Ruirui Yang, Sha Zeng, Aining Li

{"title":"The PDZ Domain-Containing Protein Prc Is Involved in Virulence and Stress Tolerance in the Poplar Canker Bacterium Lonsdalea populi.","authors":"Zexu Ming, Ruirui Yang, Sha Zeng, Aining Li","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0066-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0066-R","url":null,"abstract":"Proteins harboring the PDZ domain are of utmost significance in the infection course of pathogenic bacteria, as well as in the response to external environmental stresses. In this study, we demonstrated that the Lonsdalea populi genome encodes a set of five proteins with the PDZ domain. Through a systematic inactivation of the genes responsible for encoding PDZ proteins, we showed that all these genes are closely related to the virulence of L. populi. Notably, deletion of prc results in suppression of the growth of L. populi and enhanced susceptibility to a diverse array of environmental stressors, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, and metal ions such as Mn2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+. Prc contains four domains: TSPn, PDZ, PEP, and DUF. By separately knocking out the four domains within Prc, we have demonstrated that the TSPn, PDZ, and PEP domains within Prc are all essential components in the pathogenic process of L. populi. Moreover, Prc interacts with the membrane protein YccA. This interaction regulates the biofilm formation capacity and motility of L. populi, thus exerting an impact on its virulence. Together, these findings suggest that Prc is an important regulator of virulence and stress response in L. populi.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1109-1117"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Emerging Xanthomonas prunicola Strains Cause Bacterial Leaf Necrosis of Wheat. 新出现的prunicola黄单胞菌引起小麦细菌性叶片坏死。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0044-R

Felipe Clavijo, Verónica Román-Reyna, Rebecca D Curland, Ruth Dill-Macky, Jonathan M Jacobs, Carolina Leoni, Lucía Coimbra, Silvia Pereyra, María I Siri

{"title":"Emerging Xanthomonas prunicola Strains Cause Bacterial Leaf Necrosis of Wheat.","authors":"Felipe Clavijo, Verónica Román-Reyna, Rebecca D Curland, Ruth Dill-Macky, Jonathan M Jacobs, Carolina Leoni, Lucía Coimbra, Silvia Pereyra, María I Siri","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0044-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0044-R","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthomonas prunicola, initially described as a nectarine pathogen, has emerged as the causal agent of a new wheat disease, bacterial leaf necrosis (BLN). This study compared X. prunicola strains isolated from wheat fields in Uruguay and the United States with nectarine-associated strains using genomic and pathogenicity analyses to identify factors driving host specificity. Pathogenicity assays revealed clear differences between the two groups: whereas X. prunicola wheat-associated strains caused distinct dry necrosis lesions in wheat, the reference strain isolated from nectarine failed to induce any symptoms in this host. Surprisingly, most of the wheat strains elicited water-soaking symptoms in Prunus persica, similar to those caused by the X. prunicola strain isolated from nectarine. Complete high-quality genomes were obtained for the six selected X. prunicola strains. Genomic analyses confirmed their identification and revealed that wheat-associated strains form a distinct phylogenomic cluster separated from nectarine-associated strains. Comparative analyses identified key differences, including a functional type VI secretion system, absent in nectarine strains, and unique type III effectors, XopR and XopW, potentially linked to wheat pathogenicity. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the epidemiology of this emerging pathogen, transmission pathways, and host specificity to mitigate its impact on wheat production and develop targeted control strategies.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1097-1108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fusarium avenaceum Isolates from Pea Are More Aggressive than Those from Wheat: Potential Implications for Pea-Wheat Rotations. 豌豆镰刀菌比小麦镰刀菌更具侵略性：对豌豆-小麦轮作的潜在影响。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0120-R

Anas Eranthodi, Teagan I Parkin, Michelle Hubbard, Tom Witte, David Overy, Timothy Schwinghamer, Nora A Foroud, Syama Chatterton

{"title":"Fusarium avenaceum Isolates from Pea Are More Aggressive than Those from Wheat: Potential Implications for Pea-Wheat Rotations.","authors":"Anas Eranthodi, Teagan I Parkin, Michelle Hubbard, Tom Witte, David Overy, Timothy Schwinghamer, Nora A Foroud, Syama Chatterton","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0120-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0120-R","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium avenaceum is an important root rot pathogen of pulses and a causative agent of Fusarium head blight of cereals. Studies have shown higher abundance of F. avenaceum in the field as a result of pulse-cereal rotations. It is not known whether this rotation can have an influence on the aggressiveness or pathogenicity of the F. avenaceum isolates, as they interact among different host species. In the present work, F. avenaceum isolates collected from common rotation crops, pea, wheat, and lentil, were assessed for root rot in pea and lentil and for head blight in durum wheat. Based on the least squares mean of root rot severity in pea and lentil, the isolate aggressiveness was categorized into low, moderate, and high. The majority of the isolates collected from pea, wheat, and lentil, respectively, were highly aggressive, moderately to highly aggressive, and less aggressive on pea and lentil. In point-inoculated durum wheat, there was no significant difference in aggressiveness between pea- and wheat-derived isolates; a direct comparison with lentil-derived isolates could not be made, as they were screened separately. When comparing the overall isolate aggressiveness, isolates recovered from pea were more aggressive on all three hosts. These data suggest that inclusion of pea in a cereal-based rotation may lead to increased incidence and severity of F. avenaceum-associated head blight in the subsequent wheat crop in the rotation.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1145-1154"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Organic Amendment Composition and Soil Texture in Modulating Volatile Fatty Acids, Fe/Mn Reduction, and Fusarium oxysporum Suppression During Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation in Neutral to Alkaline Soils. 有机改进剂组成和土壤质地在中性至碱性土壤厌氧消毒过程中对挥发性脂肪酸、铁/锰还原和尖孢镰刀菌抑制的调节作用

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0423-R

James Littrell, Bonnie H Ownley, Zachariah R Hansen, Kimberly D Gwinn, David M Butler

{"title":"Role of Organic Amendment Composition and Soil Texture in Modulating Volatile Fatty Acids, Fe/Mn Reduction, and Fusarium oxysporum Suppression During Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation in Neutral to Alkaline Soils.","authors":"James Littrell, Bonnie H Ownley, Zachariah R Hansen, Kimberly D Gwinn, David M Butler","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0423-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0423-R","url":null,"abstract":"Less hazardous alternatives to soil fumigants for suppressing soilborne pathogens, such as pathogenic isolates within the Fusarium oxysporum (Fo) species complex that cause black root rot of strawberry, are urgently needed. A promising alternative is anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD), in which anaerobic fermentation is induced in soil, leading to production of pathogen-suppressing reduced metal cations (Fe2+, Mn2+) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) before planting. However, little is known about how interactions between amendment composition, soil texture, and neutral to alkaline soil pH influences Fo suppression via soil biogeochemistry. Suppression of Fo was investigated in soil-based ASD incubation mesocosm trials in which Fo-inoculated soils with initial neutral pH (sand, sandy loam, and silty clay) were amended with lime (0.1% CaCO3) or unamended, and amended (1% wt/wt) with five amendment mixtures of soybean protein isolate and dried molasses (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, or 0/100%) for a range of protein/carbohydrate ratios (0.1:1 to 32:1) to initiate ASD treatments. Post-ASD, soil chemical properties were measured, including VFA and Fe2+/Mn2+ concentrations, and Fo inoculum viability was assessed. Total soil VFA and Fe2+/Mn2+ concentrations were influenced by ASD amendment composition and soil texture, with the highest VFA concentrations resulting from high protein amendments and the highest Mn2+ concentrations observed in sandy loam and silty clay soils. Fo viability was reduced in all amended treatments, but finer soil textures were associated with lower Fo suppression. Our results highlight the importance of soil texture and amendment composition in influencing ASD effectiveness in neutral to alkaline soils.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1134-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144111853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Mycotoxin and Furanoterpenoid Production by Fusarium Species Infecting Sweetpotato. 甘薯镰刀菌产生真菌毒素和呋喃萜类的特性研究。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0031-R

U Bhatta, J R Standish, O Baars, L M Quesada-Ocampo

{"title":"Characterization of Mycotoxin and Furanoterpenoid Production by Fusarium Species Infecting Sweetpotato.","authors":"U Bhatta, J R Standish, O Baars, L M Quesada-Ocampo","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0031-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0031-R","url":null,"abstract":"Sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) production is threatened by Fusarium root rot, which can lead to substantial yield losses and contamination with mycotoxins and phytotoxins. This study investigated the production of mycotoxins by different Fusarium species and isolates in vitro and in vivo, as well as furanoterpenoid compounds produced by sweetpotato in response to Fusarium infection and wounding. Among 37 Fusarium isolates tested, only four F. proliferatum isolates (AS050, AS116, JS603, and NM229) produced significant levels of fumonisins B1 and B2 in sweetpotato roots, with NM229 exhibiting the highest mycotoxin concentrations. Notably, fumonisin production differed between in vivo and in vitro conditions. In sweetpotato roots, fumonisin concentrations for NM229 decreased over time, whereas in liquid culture, concentrations increased. The other isolates produced minimal amounts of fumonisins, with no significant changes over time in either condition. An untargeted metabolomics analysis showed several putative furanoterpenoids, both wounding-induced and Fusarium-specific. Wounding alone triggered production of certain furanoterpenoids, whereas Fusarium infections, particularly F. denticulatum infections, resulted in the highest levels of phytotoxins, including ipomeamarone, 4-hydroxymyoporone, 1-ipomeanol, and 4-ipomeanol. F. acuminatum, F. commune, and F. proliferatum isolates induced some additional putative furanoterpenoids based on observed similar fragmentation patterns. These findings highlight the complex interaction between mechanical damage and Fusarium infection in stimulating phytotoxin production in sweetpotato and emphasize the importance of effective disease management strategies. The detection of high fumonisin levels, exceeding FDA guidelines for human food (2 to 4 ppm), underscores the need for monitoring and controlling Fusarium infections in sweetpotato production.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1204-1214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genome-Wide Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Adult-Plant Resistance and All-Stage Resistance to Stripe Rust in the Chinese Wheat Landrace Lantian 10. 中国小麦地方品种蓝田10号成株和全期抗条锈病qtl的全基因组鉴定

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0118-R

X L Zhou, Y Q Luo, H Q Li, Y Q Wang, X Li, Q Yao, J F Wang, X J Wang, H Bux, B L Zhang, S Z Yang, Z S Kang, R S Ren

{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Adult-Plant Resistance and All-Stage Resistance to Stripe Rust in the Chinese Wheat Landrace Lantian 10.","authors":"X L Zhou, Y Q Luo, H Q Li, Y Q Wang, X Li, Q Yao, J F Wang, X J Wang, H Bux, B L Zhang, S Z Yang, Z S Kang, R S Ren","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0118-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0118-R","url":null,"abstract":"Stripe rust, which is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating foliar disease of wheat that significantly constrains wheat production worldwide. The characterization and utilization of resistance genes represent the most effective, economic, and environmentally friendly strategies for disease control. In this study, the wheat cultivar Lantian 10, which is predominantly resistant to Chinese Pst races, was crossed with the susceptible genotype known as Mingxian 169. The resulting recombinant inbred line population (comprising 152 lines) was evaluated for stripe rust resistance across multiple environment trials. Using the wheat 35K single-nucleotide polymorphism array for genotyping and inclusive composite interval mapping, we identified six stable quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2A, 2B, 2D, and 5B: QYrLT10.swust-1AS, QYrLT10.swust-1DS, QYrLT10.swust-2AS, QYrLT10.swust-2BS, QYrLT10.swust-2DS, and QYrLT10.swust-5BL. These aforementioned QTLs explained at least 18.48 and 19.32% (QYrLT10.swust-1AS), 16.03 and 15.92% (QYrLT10.swust-1DS), 9.55 and 11.34% (QYrLT10.swust-2AS), 9.29 and 11.13% (QYrLT10.swust-2BS), 9.52 and 12.06% (QYrLT10.swust-2DS), and 17.42 and 18.41% (QYrLT10.swust-5BL) of the variations in stripe rust infection type and disease severity, respectively. Based on evaluations of seedling and adult-plant resistance, QYrLT10.swust-1AS and QYrLT10.swust-1DS are speculated to harbor adult-plant resistance genes, whereas the other four QTLs are considered all-stage resistance genes. The identified QTLs and their linked markers will be invaluable for marker-assisted selection in wheat resistance breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1155-1164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overexpression of α-SNAP_Rhg1 Can Improve rhg1-a-Mediated Soybean Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode. 过表达α-SNAPRhg1可提高rhg1-a介导的大豆对大豆囊肿线虫的抗性。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0077-R

Deepak Haarith, Soumita Das, Emma Nelson, Ryan Zapotocny, Andrew F Bent

{"title":"Overexpression of α-SNAPRhg1 Can Improve rhg1-a-Mediated Soybean Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode.","authors":"Deepak Haarith, Soumita Das, Emma Nelson, Ryan Zapotocny, Andrew F Bent","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0077-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0077-R","url":null,"abstract":"The rhg1-a and rhg1-b haplotypes of the soybean Rhg1 locus are economically effective tools for the control of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines), but ongoing SCN evolution requires improved sources of resistance. Both Rhg1 haplotypes carry multiple tandem repeat copies of a four-gene block encoding four disparate proteins, and resistance efficacy scales with copy number. The haplotypes encode different variants of an unusual α-SNAP protein whose abundance increases in the nematode-reprogrammed plant cells that form the syncytium (nematode feeding site), which subsequently collapses. The present study explored the simultaneous presence of two α-SNAPRhg1 protein types and elevation of α-SNAPRhg1 abundance, which were hypothesized to improve SCN resistance but are not achievable by conventional soybean breeding. We accomplished both via transgenic additions to an rhg1-a Rhg4 soybean line. Existing resistance to the HG type 0 and HG type 2.5.7 SCN was strengthened, measured as cyst production and final SCN egg counts, but resistance was not improved against an HG type 1.3.6.7 SCN population that was already highly virulent on the parent line. Greenhouse and field studies with a subset of lines showed no significant yield penalties. We conclude that cisgenic combination or elevated expression of the different α-SNAP genes may extend the efficacy and/or durability of Rhg1-mediated resistance. We also observed differential protein abundances for some α-SNAPRhg1 isoforms after inoculation with different HG type populations of SCN. The studies provide a foundation for further refinement of Rhg1-based SCN control. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1165-1174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Combined Fusarium Crown Rot and Drought Stress Leads to Overlapping and Unique Proteomic Responses in Wheat. 小麦枯萎病冠腐病与干旱联合胁迫导致重叠且独特的蛋白质组学响应。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0370-R

Yutian Gao, Jingjing Jin, Hongyao Lou, Shuonan Duan, Xiaohan Zhou, Xiangru Xu, Yuqing Su, Jiatian Yang, Jinlong Li, Zhi Zheng, Chaojie Xie, Shengquan Zhang, Wenchao Zhen, Zhencai Sun, Jun Ma

{"title":"Combined Fusarium Crown Rot and Drought Stress Leads to Overlapping and Unique Proteomic Responses in Wheat.","authors":"Yutian Gao, Jingjing Jin, Hongyao Lou, Shuonan Duan, Xiaohan Zhou, Xiangru Xu, Yuqing Su, Jiatian Yang, Jinlong Li, Zhi Zheng, Chaojie Xie, Shengquan Zhang, Wenchao Zhen, Zhencai Sun, Jun Ma","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0370-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0370-R","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a soilborne disease that occurs in many cereal-growing regions in the world. An association between FCR development and drought stress has long been known. The FCR symptoms are pronounced under drought stress in both fields and controlled environments. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the association between drought and FCR remain largely unknown. For the first time, in this study, the proteomic characteristics of wheat plants under FCR, drought (induced by water limitation), and combined stress of FCR and drought were investigated and compared using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis. Significant interactions between FCR and drought were observed. Combined stress of FCR and drought had more detrimental effects on wheat growth compared with each single stress alone. A total of 823 (FCR), 414 (drought), and 1,520 (combined stress) proteins that responded to three stress conditions were identified, respectively. In addition to proteins, biological processes and KEGG pathways unique to single stress and that were shared among all three stress conditions were also identified. Some of the overlapping proteins, such as chitinase and glutathione S-transferase, may contribute to maintaining basic FCR resistance under drought in adult wheat plants. Moreover, combined proteomic and metabolic analysis indicated that the increased sugar content and reduced lignin content may contribute to the increased FCR severity under combined stress. This study provides insights into the complex interactions between FCR and drought at the proteomics level and will guide future efforts for the genetic improvement of FCR resistance under drought.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1175-1185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrative Elements Repeatedly Captured the Phaseolotoxin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster and Invaded Pseudomonas syringae Multiple Times. 整合元件多次捕获相毒素生物合成基因簇，多次入侵丁香假单胞菌。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0017-R

Luiz Orlando de Oliveira, Hugo Vianna Silva Rody, Selene Aguilera, Jesús Murillo

{"title":"Integrative Elements Repeatedly Captured the Phaseolotoxin Biosynthesis Gene Cluster and Invaded Pseudomonas syringae Multiple Times.","authors":"Luiz Orlando de Oliveira, Hugo Vianna Silva Rody, Selene Aguilera, Jesús Murillo","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0017-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0017-R","url":null,"abstract":"Phaseolotoxin is a virulence factor of Pseudomonas amygdali pv. phaseolicola (Pph) and P. syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa). Herein, we explore the evolutionary history of a genomic island (Tox island) composed of an integrative element (GInt) carrying the 23-gene cluster (Pht cluster) for biosynthesis of phaseolotoxin and toxin resistance. Our analyses indicate that the Pht cluster has been acquired, either naked or associated with a GInt, on seven independent occasions by four phylogroups of the P. syringae complex (Pph, Psa, P. caricapapayae, and P. syringae pv. syringae) and the phylogenetically distant rhizobacterium Pseudomonas sp. JAI115. The Pht cluster was independently captured by three distinct GInt elements, suggesting specific mechanisms for gene capture. Once acquired, the Tox island tends to be stably maintained, evolving with the genome. The likely evolutionary trajectory of the Tox island within Pph and Psa involved (i) acquisition by Pph; (ii) transfer of the Tox island from Pph to Psa biovar 1; (iii) independent acquisition from unknown sources of a different version of the Tox island by Psa biovar 1, generating a second toxigenic lineage; (iv) independent acquisition from unknown sources of a third version of the Tox island by Psa biovar 6; and (v) replacement of the Tox island in Pph by a distantly related GInt, generating nontoxigenic isolates. These findings underscore the potential role of phaseolotoxin in bacterial fitness and contribute to our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of mobile genetic elements and virulence evolution in bacterial plant pathogens. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1086-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144161497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Soilborne Virus Modifies the Root System Architecture of a Plant Host via a Single Amino Acid and Influences Nematode Transmission. 一种土壤传播的病毒通过单个氨基酸修饰植物宿主的根系结构并影响线虫的传播。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0105-R

Brandon G Roy, Gérard Demangeat, Sophie Meyer, Claude Gertz, Véronique Komar, Isabelle R Martin, Marc F Fuchs

{"title":"A Soilborne Virus Modifies the Root System Architecture of a Plant Host via a Single Amino Acid and Influences Nematode Transmission.","authors":"Brandon G Roy, Gérard Demangeat, Sophie Meyer, Claude Gertz, Véronique Komar, Isabelle R Martin, Marc F Fuchs","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0105-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0105-R","url":null,"abstract":"Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is the main causative agent of fanleaf degeneration disease. Transmission of GFLV is exclusively accomplished by the ectoparasitic dagger nematode Xiphinema index in a noncirculative, nonpropagative mode. Previous studies of GFLV-host interactions revealed strain- and viral amino acid-specific changes to the root system architecture (RSA) in Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, a two-step assay first revealed the suitability of N. benthamiana in comparison with Vitis spp. for the transmission of GFLV by X. index. Then, a novel one-step assay revealed strain- and viral amino acid-specific differences in transmission between wild-type GFLV strains F13 and GHu and their respective mutants, with a single residue change to position 802 of the putative RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (protein 1EPol*/Sd). Higher transmission rates were obtained with asymptomatic mutant GFLV-GHu 1EK802G (33.33%, 16/48) versus symptomatic wild-type GFLV-GHu (25.53%, 12/47) and with asymptomatic wild-type GFLV-F13 (75%, 30/40) versus symptomatic mutant GFLV-F13 1EG802K (51.28%, 20/39). These results indicate that X. index-mediated transmission is influenced by the GFLV strain and the identity of the amino acid in position 802 of protein 1EPol*/Sd, with a glycine favoring transmission and a lysine reducing transmission. As expected, GFLV transmission was significantly correlated with differences in RSA traits, such as the number of root tips and total root length, but not with GFLV titer in X. index or in the roots of donor plants. This is the first report of a soilborne virus modifying both the RSA of a plant host and transmission by its dagger nematode via a single viral amino acid. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1223-1235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0