Phytopathology最新文献_第4页

Impact of Drought and Virus Infection on Plant Traits, Virus Transmission Rate and Aphid Feeding Behavior. 干旱和病毒侵染对植物性状、病毒传播率和蚜虫取食行为的影响

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0130-R

Jaime Jiménez, Carolina Juncá-Morales, Myrto Mela, Victor Sadras, Aránzazu Moreno, Alberto Fereres

{"title":"Impact of Drought and Virus Infection on Plant Traits, Virus Transmission Rate and Aphid Feeding Behavior.","authors":"Jaime Jiménez, Carolina Juncá-Morales, Myrto Mela, Victor Sadras, Aránzazu Moreno, Alberto Fereres","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0130-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0130-R","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is projected to increase the intensity and frequency of drought in several regions, potentially impacting aphid-virus-plant relationships. Here, we investigated the combined effects of water regime and virus infection on plant traits, virus transmission, and aphid feeding behaviour. Two factorial experiments were established that combined (i) four virus treatments: single infection with cucumber mosaic virus, CMV (non-persistent), single infection with cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus CABYV (persistent), double infection and mock control, with (ii) five water regimes on melon cv. Bazan (exp. 1) or two water regimes on melon cv. Piel de Sapo (exp. 2). Virus and drought reduced plant dry weight, number of leaves, and leaf area. In exp. 1, drought reduced symptom severity on CMV-infected plants. Severe drought did not affect CMV inoculation rate, but transient, moderate water stress reduced the transmission rate of CABYV. In exp. 2 drought and virus infection altered the feeding behavior of A. gossypii. On well-watered but not on droughted plants, both CABYV and double infection with CABYV and CMV reduced passive phloem sap ingestion (E2 waveform), critical for transmission of persistent viruses, in comparison to mock-inoculated controls. On droughted plants, aphids produced shorter intracellular punctures (waveform pd), associated with transmission of non-persistent viruses. However, pd duration was not reduced for aphids that fed on droughted plants infected with CMV or with both CMV and CABYV. Despite the significant impact of drought on the plant phenotype, drought combined with virus infection had no impact on aphid feeding behavior related to virus transmission.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the Predictability of Lesion Growth and Its Contribution to Quantitative Resistance Using Field Phenomics. 利用田间表型组学量化病害生长的可预测性及其对定量抗性的贡献。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0187-R

Jonas Anderegg, Lukas Roth, Radek Zenkl, Bruce A McDonald

{"title":"Quantifying the Predictability of Lesion Growth and Its Contribution to Quantitative Resistance Using Field Phenomics.","authors":"Jonas Anderegg, Lukas Roth, Radek Zenkl, Bruce A McDonald","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0187-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0187-R","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring individual components of pathogen reproduction is key to understanding mechanisms underlying rate-reducing quantitative resistance (QR). Simulation models predict that lesion expansion plays a key role in seasonal epidemics of foliar diseases, but measuring lesion growth with sufficient precision and scale to test these predictions under field conditions has remained impractical. We used deep learning-based image analysis to track 6889 individual lesions caused by Zymoseptoria tritici on 14 wheat cultivars across two field seasons, enabling 27,218 precise and objective measurements of lesion growth in the field. Lesion appearance traits reflecting specific interactions between particular host and pathogen genotypes were consistently associated with lesion growth, whereas overall effects of host genotype and environment were modest. Both host cultivar and cultivar-by-environment interaction effects on lesion growth were highly significant and moderately heritable (h2 ≥ 0.40). After excluding a single outlier cultivar, a strong and statistically significant association between lesion growth and overall QR was found. Lesion expansion appears to be an important component of QR to STB in most-but not all-wheat cultivars, underscoring its potential as a selection target. By facilitating the dissection of individual resistance components, our approach can support more targeted, knowledge-based breeding for durable QR.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demulticoder: An R Package for the Simultaneous Analysis of Multiplexed Metabarcodes. 解多码器：一个同时分析多路元码的R包。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0043-FI

Martha A Sudermann, Zachary S L Foster, Samantha C L Dawson, Hung Phan, Valerie J Fieland, Frank N Martin, Jeff H Chang, Niklaus J Grünwald

{"title":"Demulticoder: An R Package for the Simultaneous Analysis of Multiplexed Metabarcodes.","authors":"Martha A Sudermann, Zachary S L Foster, Samantha C L Dawson, Hung Phan, Valerie J Fieland, Frank N Martin, Jeff H Chang, Niklaus J Grünwald","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0043-FI","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0043-FI","url":null,"abstract":"Metabarcoding is a widely used approach relying on short DNA sequences to identify organisms present in a community. Although established workflows exist for analysis of single metabarcodes, these are cumbersome when multiple metabarcodes are required to study diverse taxa, such as those in plant- and soil-associated microbial communities, or when analyzing newly developed metabarcodes. To address this, we developed demulticoder, an R package automating the use of DADA2 to analyze data derived from multiple metabarcodes. It has novel capabilities that streamline data analysis by reducing the number of manual input steps and enabling automated processing of multiplexed metabarcodes. Additionally, demulticoder modularizes data processing to allow for iterative quality control and reformats data for downstream analyses. We also updated the oomycete-specific rps10 barcode database by revising the taxonomic information of select entries based on updates to the classifications within the NCBI Taxonomy database. A multiplex sequenced dataset consisting of ITS1 and rps10 metabarcodes from 162 samples and 12 controls was analyzed to compare demulticoder against a standard analysis workflow. Demulticoder required manual input at only four steps in comparison with 28 steps required for the standard workflow. Data quality and results from downstream exploratory, diversity, and differential abundance analyses were comparable to those from the standard workflow. Demulticoder is versatile and can be used to analyze datasets consisting of single metabarcodes, multiplexed and pooled metabarcode types, and different metabarcode types generated in separate experiments. The demulticoder R package, example datasets, and instructions are publicly accessible and open source.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02250043FI"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating Plasmid Diversity in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans Population. 植物质粒多样性的研究。perforans人口。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0042-FI

Amandeep Kaur, Albert Sunny, Jeffrey B Jones, Erica M Goss

{"title":"Investigating Plasmid Diversity in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans Population.","authors":"Amandeep Kaur, Albert Sunny, Jeffrey B Jones, Erica M Goss","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0042-FI","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0042-FI","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmids are key drivers of horizontal gene transfer. These genetic elements promote diversification and rapid adaptation of bacterial populations to changing environments by transferring beneficial traits within and between bacterial species. Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans is a devastating plant pathogen that causes bacterial spot disease in tomato and pepper. The pathogen population in Florida contains several distinct genetic lineages that differ in relative frequency. The objective of this study was to characterize plasmid diversity and gene content and plasmid distribution in relation to chromosomal phylogeny. Our in silico-based plasmid prediction revealed the presence of diverse plasmids ranging from approximately 16 to 235 kb. A network approach based on shared k-mer content uncovered 10 distinct plasmid groups with high genetic similarity (cliques). Interestingly, these plasmid cliques were confined to specific phylogenetic clusters, suggesting potential incompatibility or restricted plasmid movement between clusters. Some of the predicted plasmids carry virulence genes coding for type III secretion effectors, including transcription activator-like effectors and genes related to biocide resistance, such as copper. We also identified gene reshuffling between the plasmids, likely carried out by transposons present within them. Overall, these results provide foundational insights into plasmid diversity in X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans with implications for the role of these mobile genetic elements in genome dynamics and pathogen adaptation.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02250042FI"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Safer and Smarter: Leveraging Interpretation-Guided Modeling and Data Merging of Disease and Environmental Data for Plant Disease Risk Prediction. 更安全，更智能：利用解释导向的疾病和环境数据建模和数据合并进行植物疾病风险预测。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0008-FI

Kaique S Alves, Denis A Shah, Hellen R Dillard, Emerson M Del Ponte, Sarah J Pethybridge

{"title":"Safer and Smarter: Leveraging Interpretation-Guided Modeling and Data Merging of Disease and Environmental Data for Plant Disease Risk Prediction.","authors":"Kaique S Alves, Denis A Shah, Hellen R Dillard, Emerson M Del Ponte, Sarah J Pethybridge","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0008-FI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0008-FI","url":null,"abstract":"Plant disease epidemiologists often work with datasets smaller than ideal for data-hungry machine learning (ML) algorithms, thereby risking overfitting. We demonstrate how an interpretation-guided modeling approach, leveraging complex ML primarily for insight generation, can overcome this challenge, using white mold (caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) in snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) as a case study. An observational dataset of white mold prevalence across 356 commercial snap bean fields in central and western New York State (2006-2008) was augmented by merging georeferenced observations with POLARIS soils data and engineered features from downscaled ERA5-Land environmental data. Functional data analysis identified weather periods associated with white mold risk, and random forests (RF), used interpretatively, identified key predictors. While RF models showed high apparent performance, they exhibited significant overfitting and poor calibration. Insights from RF interpretation (via SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis) guided the development of a simpler, four-predictor logistic regression model using restricted cubic splines. This simpler model was better calibrated and had acceptable discrimination (internally-validated C-statistic = 0.77). For smaller epidemiological datasets, our results advocate using ML primarily as an interpretive tool to guide the development of simpler, less data-intensive, yet robust predictive models better suited for practical disease management decisions.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High Nitrogen Fertilization Suppresses Dollar Spot in Amenity Turfgrass Through Promoting Oxalic Acid-Degrading Bacteria. 高氮肥通过促进草酸降解菌抑制草坪草坪美元斑病。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0081-R

Shashini U Welmillage, Ming-Yi Chou, Michael Millican, Paul Koch

{"title":"High Nitrogen Fertilization Suppresses Dollar Spot in Amenity Turfgrass Through Promoting Oxalic Acid-Degrading Bacteria.","authors":"Shashini U Welmillage, Ming-Yi Chou, Michael Millican, Paul Koch","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0081-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0081-R","url":null,"abstract":"High nitrogen (N) fertilization can suppress dollar spot (Clarireedia spp.) disease of amenity turfgrass. However, golf course superintendents avoid high N fertilization due to the reduced playability of putting greens and concerns over increased cost and environmental contamination issues. Understanding how N fertilization suppresses dollar spot could result in novel control strategies that do not rely on high N fertilization or repeated pesticide applications. In 2017, we sampled a previous 3-year study conducted in Madison, WI, on turfgrass treated with either 0, 4.9, or 29.3 kg N/ha/year. Dollar spot was assessed every 2 weeks during the study period, and microbiome samples were collected from each plot at five different time points during 2017. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer region were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing, and the frc gene copy number was quantified using droplet digital PCR. The frc gene was previously established as a biomarker for oxalic acid-degrading bacteria. The 29.3 kg N/ha treatment reduced disease severity and had higher frc gene expression than lower N rates. Prokaryotic alpha diversity significantly declined under 29.3 kg N/ha, whereas fungal diversity remained relatively stable. N treatment significantly affected prokaryotic beta diversity but not fungal diversity. The results suggest that N may have a role in selecting microbes that degrade oxalic acid, an important virulence factor of C. jacksonii. Identifying the specific organisms involved in oxalic acid degradation may result in new biocontrol strategies and improve the sustainable management of dollar spot. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"938-947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence of a Gene-for-Gene Relationship in the Oryza sativa-Magnaporthe grisea Pathosystem. 水稻-稻瘟病系统基因对基因关系的证据。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-82-577

Drissa Silué, Jean Loup Notteghem, Didier Tharreau

引用次数: 0

A Simple Technique for Purification of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Large Quantities. 一种简便的烟草花叶病毒大量纯化技术。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-57-1285

G V Gooding, T T Hebert

引用次数: 0

The Influence of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Resistance of Pine Roots to Pathogenic Infections. I. Antagonism of Mycorrhizal Fungi to Root Pathogenic Fungi and Soil Bacteria. 异养菌根真菌对松根抗病性的影响。菌根真菌对根致病真菌和土壤细菌的拮抗作用。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-59-153

Donald H Marx

{"title":"The Influence of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Resistance of Pine Roots to Pathogenic Infections. I. Antagonism of Mycorrhizal Fungi to Root Pathogenic Fungi and Soil Bacteria.","authors":"Donald H Marx","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-59-153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-59-153","url":null,"abstract":"Antagonism of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi to Phytophthora cinnamomi, other root pathogenic fungi, and soil bacteria was examined. In agar plate tests, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius deliciosus, Leucopaxillus cerealis var. piceina, Pisolithus tinctorius, and Suillus luteus inhibited growth of nearly half of the 48 different fungal root pathogens. Leucopaxillus cerealis var. piceina inhibited 92% of the test pathogens. Differences in sensitivity of several isolates of P. cinnamomi to inhibitions by this symbiont were not found. Culture filtrates of L. cerealis var. piceina were inhibitory also to growth of P. cinnamomi and soil bacteria. Zoospore germination was inhibited completely in filtrates of this symbiont. Maximum antibiotic production occurred during the rapid growth phase in liquid culture. Length of culture incubation and temperature strongly influenced production of inhibitory substances by L. cerealis var. piceina in liquid culture. It grew best from 10 to 20 C, whereas P. tinctorius grew best from 30 to 35 C in liquid culture.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"115 8V","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Moderate and High Propiconazole Resistance Characterized in the Citrus Postharvest Sour Rot Pathogen Geotrichum citri-aurantii Is Based on Point Mutations in CYP51A but Not CYP51B. 柑橘采后酸腐病病原菌对丙环康唑的中高抗性是基于CYP51A位点突变而非CYP51B位点突变。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0073-R

Albert M Nguyen, Helga Förster, James E Adaskaveg

{"title":"Moderate and High Propiconazole Resistance Characterized in the Citrus Postharvest Sour Rot Pathogen Geotrichum citri-aurantii Is Based on Point Mutations in CYP51A but Not CYP51B.","authors":"Albert M Nguyen, Helga Förster, James E Adaskaveg","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0073-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0073-R","url":null,"abstract":"Moderate (MR) and high resistance (HR) in Geotrichum citri-aurantii to propiconazole (PPZ) have been detected in California citrus packinghouses. Fitness cost and resistance mechanisms were characterized in this study. No fitness cost was identified in resistant isolates, and they were highly virulent and competitive in the presence of sensitive (S) isolates. F1 ascospore progeny from crosses between MR or HR isolates and an S isolate mostly segregated in a 1:1 ratio of S to R isolates, indicating involvement of a single gene in resistance. Resistance was associated with point mutations in GcaCYP51A resulting in Y143F and L389V amino acid substitutions in HR isolates and an A125V substitution in MR isolates. There were no sequence differences in the GcaCYP51B paralog between S and MR isolates, but missense and silent mutations were identified in HR isolates. Segregation of GcaCYP51B alleles was observed in crosses between S and HR isolates: some PPZ-S progeny carried the GcaCYP51B-HR allele, whereas some PPZ-HR isolates carried the GcaCYP51B-S allele. Therefore, mutations in GcaCYP51B have no major role in PPZ resistance. The direct involvement of mutations in GcaCYP51A in resistance was demonstrated by transformation of a PPZ-S isolate with cloned alleles from MR or HR isolates, where transformants exhibited the expected resistance phenotype. Transformants carrying the GcaCYP51B allele of HR isolates, however, remained sensitive. No differences between S and R phenotypes were detected in the promoter sequences of GcaCYP51A or GcaCYP51B. Our data indicate that PPZ resistance in G. citri-aurantii is solely determined by point mutations in GcaCYP51A.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"986-997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0