Phytopathology最新文献_第10页

Using the Beta-Binomial Distribution to Describe Aggregated Patterns of Disease Incidence. 用β -二项分布描述疾病发病率的聚集模式。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-83-759

G Hughes, L V Madden

{"title":"Using the Beta-Binomial Distribution to Describe Aggregated Patterns of Disease Incidence.","authors":"G Hughes, L V Madden","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-83-759","DOIUrl":"10.1094/Phyto-83-759","url":null,"abstract":"We discuss the use of the beta-binomial distribution for the description of plant disease incidence data, collected on the basis of scoring plants as either \"diseased\" or \"healthy\". The beta-binomial is a discrete probability distribution derived by regarding the probability of a plant being diseased (a constant in the binomial distribution) as a beta-distributed variable. An important characteristic of the beta-binomial is that its variance is larger than that of the binomial distribution with the same mean. The beta-binomial distribution, therefore, may serve to describe aggregated disease incidence data. Using maximum likelihood, we estimated beta-binomial parameters p (mean disease incidence) and θ (an index of aggregation) for four previously published sets of disease incidence data in which there were some indications of aggregation. Goodness-of-fit tests showed that, in all these cases, the beta-binomial provided a good description of the observed data and resulted in a better fit than did the binomial distribution. The relationship between the parameters of the beta-binomial distribution and those of variance-mean relationships for aggregated disease-incidence data is shown.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"83 1","pages":"759-763"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61212060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment with the Antimicrobial Product Diallyl Disulfide Is Associated with Major Changes to Soil Microbiota. 抗菌产品二烯丙基二硫处理与土壤微生物群的重大变化有关。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0366-SC

Martha A Sudermann, Gia Khuong Hoang Hua, Elizabeth G Kurth, Jared M LeBoldus, Jeff H Chang, Jeremiah K S Dung

{"title":"Treatment with the Antimicrobial Product Diallyl Disulfide Is Associated with Major Changes to Soil Microbiota.","authors":"Martha A Sudermann, Gia Khuong Hoang Hua, Elizabeth G Kurth, Jared M LeBoldus, Jeff H Chang, Jeremiah K S Dung","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0366-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0366-SC","url":null,"abstract":"Natural products derived from Allium spp., such as garlic oil, garlic powder, and diallyl disulfide (DADS), are strong elicitors of sclerotia germination in the fungus Sclerotium cepivorum (syn. Stromatinia cepivora), the causal agent of Allium white rot. However, these compounds can also have broad antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, oomycetes, and other fungi when they are applied to soil. The objective of this study was to determine the potential impacts that DADS application has on soil microbial communities. DADS was applied to two soil types and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Metabarcodes for bacterial, fungal, and oomycete communities were analyzed to identify changes. A significant effect of DADS treatment on the overall compositions of bacterial, fungal, and oomycete communities was observed compared with the mock-treated control. Soil type and incubation conditions did not have a significant effect on soil microbial communities, and significant interactions were not observed with DADS treatment in this study. Potential changes in soil microbial communities should be considered when applying DADS to field soils.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"916-923"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trifloxystrobin Resistance Mechanisms in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. 甜瓜尖孢镰刀菌对三氯虫酯的抗性机制。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0213-R

Feng Zhou, Yan Jiao, Xiaoli Zhou, Sichao Xu, Sheng Zhang, Zhenkang Li, Zhi Yang, Tiantian Qiao, Chengwei Li, Runqiang Liu

{"title":"Trifloxystrobin Resistance Mechanisms in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis.","authors":"Feng Zhou, Yan Jiao, Xiaoli Zhou, Sichao Xu, Sheng Zhang, Zhenkang Li, Zhi Yang, Tiantian Qiao, Chengwei Li, Runqiang Liu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0213-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0213-R","url":null,"abstract":"Melon Fusarium wilt (MFW) is a soilborne disease caused by the ascomycete fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom), which causes serious damage throughout the entire growth cycle of its hosts. However, the novel strobilurin fungicide, trifloxystrobin, has been shown to exhibit high activity against F. oxysporum. To date, potential resistance mechanisms to trifloxystrobin are poorly understood, so the current study evaluated four stable laboratory mutants of Fom with high levels of resistance. Compared with their parental isolates, the fitness of the resistant mutants was found to be dramatically increased, with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mycelial growth and spore production and germination, as well as an increase in pathogenicity. Molecular analysis of the FOMG_03348 gene, which encodes a putative mitochondrial cytochrome b protein in Fom, identified seven amino acid changes (T20I, G70S, S140P, S142A, Q144E, M162I, and S179R) that were conserved in the sequences of all the resistant mutants. In addition, significantly (P < 0.05) different patterns of FOMG_03348 expression were detected, which resulted in the down-regulation of the gene in both the absence and presence of trifloxystrobin in all of the mutants compared with their parental isolates. However, no evidence of cross-resistance was found between trifloxystrobin and the DMI fungicides flutriafol, prochloraz, and tebuconazole. Furthermore, negative cross-resistance was observed with carbendazim and fluazinam, and only a moderate positive correlation with fludioxonil. These results provide new insight into potential trifloxystrobin resistance mechanisms in F. oxysporum, as well as data that might improve fungicide strategies for more effective control of MFW in the field.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"978-985"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Erwinia herbicola: A Bacterial Ice Nucleus Active in Increasing Frost Injury to Corn. 一种能增加玉米霜冻危害的细菌冰核。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-68-523

S E Lindow, D C Arny, C D Upper

{"title":"Erwinia herbicola: A Bacterial Ice Nucleus Active in Increasing Frost Injury to Corn.","authors":"S E Lindow, D C Arny, C D Upper","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-68-523","DOIUrl":"10.1094/Phyto-68-523","url":null,"abstract":"Cell suspensions of an isolate of Erwinia herbicola from a corn leaf were active in ice nucleation at -2.3 C and below. Ice nucleation activity was affected by the medium on which the cells were grown. Nucleation at -2.3 and -2.5 C was detected in suspensions of cells that had been grown on nutrient agar supplemented with 2.5% glycerol or glucose, respectively, but was detected only at temperatures below -4 C in cells grown on nutrient agar alone. Corn seedlings sprayed with suspensions of this isolate of E. herbicola were severely damaged at -4 C, whereas control plants lacking leaf populations of E. herbicola or other bacteria active in ice nucleation were not injured. If plants were frozen 6 hr or less after they were sprayed with suspensions (107 cells/ml) of E. herbicola, frost damage was not significantly different from that to controls. The amount of damage increased greatly with increase in time of incubation between spraying and freezing, from 12 to about 36 hr. The amount of frost damage measured 48 hr after application of E. herbicola suspensions increased as applied bacterial cell densities were increased. Erwinia herbicola began rapid multiplication about 6 hr after the cells were sprayed onto leaves; populations of about 3 × 103 cells/g fresh weight of leaf at 6 hr after inoculation had increased to about 5 × 106 cells/g after 36 hr. Probit frost injury was directly proportional to the logarithm of E. herbicola population (P <0.001).","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"68 1","pages":"523-527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61147239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on the Expression of Slow-Mildewing Resistance in Knox Wheat. 施氮对诺克斯小麦抗慢霉基因表达的影响。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-67-1051

Gregory Shaner, Robert E Finney

引用次数: 0

Influence of Different Host Plants on the Sporulation of Thanatephorus cucumeris Anastomosis Group 3 (AG-3). 不同寄主植物对黄瓜卷翅蝗吻合群3 （AG-3）产孢的影响。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0086-R

Minghuan Wang, Lianjing Zhao, Li Luo, Yue Yan, Yonghong He, Chenyun Li, Yishu Deng, Genhua Yang

{"title":"Influence of Different Host Plants on the Sporulation of Thanatephorus cucumeris Anastomosis Group 3 (AG-3).","authors":"Minghuan Wang, Lianjing Zhao, Li Luo, Yue Yan, Yonghong He, Chenyun Li, Yishu Deng, Genhua Yang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0086-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0086-R","url":null,"abstract":"Thanatephorus cucumeris anastomosis subgroup 3-TB (AG-3-TB) is the primary pathogen causing tobacco target spot disease, which has resulted in substantial economic losses in tobacco production worldwide. Traditionally, soilborne sclerotia has been considered to be the main primary infection source, while the role of airborne basidiospores has long been underestimated, particularly they serve as inoculum of primary and secondary infection developing on the hymenia of infected alternate host plants. This study investigated the influence of different host plants on T. cucumeris AG-3 sporulation. The results showed that in the natural environment, T. cucumeris AG-3-TB could develop hymenia on Solanaceae (tobacco, tomato, eggplant, pepper, potato), Gramineae (rice), Cruciferae (cabbage), weeds (shamrock, dandelion, tartary buckwheat) and the soil surface surrounding tomato stems, and the capacity of these fungal hymenium formation differed among plant host species. Furthermore, this sporulation phenomenon was widely prevalent across the AG-3-TB subgroup, as well as urea as a nitrogen fertilizer and 18% albendazole-moroxydine hydrochloride wettable powder as a virucide significantly promoted AG-3-TB strains sporulation on tomato hosts. Our findings indicate that host plant species, strain differences, urea, and fungistatic stress significantly influence the fungal sporulation, revealing the pivotal role of spore production in the disease development.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

VdATG24 Is Essential for Fungal Growth, Microsclerotia Formation and Virulence in Verticillium dahliae. VdATG24对大丽花黄萎病真菌生长、微核形成和毒力至关重要。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-07-29 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0029-R

Hongxuan Li, Peihua Cao, Leitian Yuan, Zhanliang Qu, Fuxin Wang

{"title":"VdATG24 Is Essential for Fungal Growth, Microsclerotia Formation and Virulence in Verticillium dahliae.","authors":"Hongxuan Li, Peihua Cao, Leitian Yuan, Zhanliang Qu, Fuxin Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0029-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0029-R","url":null,"abstract":"In phytopathogenic fungi, ATG24 has been identified as the first and evolutionarily conserved receptor. However, its roles in fungal development and pathogenicity vary among species and necessitate further exploration across more diverse fungal genera. In this study, we dissected the molecular functions and underlying mechanisms of the mitophagy receptor ATG24 homolog in the soil-borne hemibiotrophic fungus Verticillium dahliae. VdATG24 contains a PX domain, a BAR domain, and an AIM (Atg8-family Interacting Motif), and is a crucial component for prohibitins (PHB)-mediated mitophagy triggered by both nitrogen deprivation and a mitophagy-specific activator in V. dahliae. Deletion of VdATG24 inhibited the growth rate, shortened the distance between septa, reduced spore production, and impacted microsclerotia formation of V. dahliae, without altering spore morphology or sporulation mode. Assessments of pathogenicity further demonstrated that VdATG24 contributes to fungal virulence through the promotion of host colonization. Mechanistically, we uncovered that ATG24 mediates melanin biosynthesis, facilitates protein secretion during the infection process, and indirectly attenuates host immunity, as evidenced by the identified key components and associated biological processes/pathways via transcriptome analyses and subsequent experimental verification. Our data collectively underscore the pivotal roles and preliminary molecular mechanisms of VdATG24 in modulating hyphal growth, conidiation, microsclerotia formation, and virulence in V. dahliae.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144744421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing the Mode of Resistance Conferred Against Asian Soybean Rust by CcRpp1, a Novel R Gene from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsap. Cajanus cajan （L.）新R基因CcRpp1对亚洲大豆锈病抗性模式的研究米尔萨普。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0048-R

Mark A Chamberlin, Annaliese Cramer, Ashley Saunders, Ebony T Johnson, Mary A Rupe, Hongyu Wang, Sai Guna Ranjan Gurazada, Shawn R Thatcher, John L Van Hemert, Jan P Hazebroek, Aline Sartor Chicowski, Jeffrey E Habben, Karen E Broglie

{"title":"Characterizing the Mode of Resistance Conferred Against Asian Soybean Rust by CcRpp1, a Novel R Gene from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsap.","authors":"Mark A Chamberlin, Annaliese Cramer, Ashley Saunders, Ebony T Johnson, Mary A Rupe, Hongyu Wang, Sai Guna Ranjan Gurazada, Shawn R Thatcher, John L Van Hemert, Jan P Hazebroek, Aline Sartor Chicowski, Jeffrey E Habben, Karen E Broglie","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0048-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0048-R","url":null,"abstract":"Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, poses a significant threat to soybean production, especially in South America. The CcRpp1 gene (Cajanus cajan Resistance against P. pachyrhizi 1) has demonstrated robust resistance to ASR when introduced into soybean. This study explores the underlying mechanisms of CcRpp1-mediated resistance through integrated cytological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses. Cytological observations revealed that CcRpp1-expressing plants rapidly halt fungal infection within 24-36 hours post-inoculation (hpi) by inhibiting hyphal growth and differentiation, as well as sequestering fungal feeding structures inside host cells. Transcriptomic profiling at 36 hpi showed upregulation of genes involved in photosynthesis, primary metabolism, and carbon utilization, while genes associated with protein synthesis were downregulated. This pattern suggests a metabolic shift that prioritizes energy production and defense over growth. Metabolomic analyses further indicated that CcRpp1-mediated resistance is marked by a swift and substantial depletion of amino acids and nitrogen-containing metabolites following infection. This rapid metabolic reprogramming likely restricts nutrient availability to the pathogen, contributing to the observed resistance and highlighting a potential mode-of-action. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the molecular and metabolic basis of CcRpp1-mediated ASR resistance and lays the groundwork for additional in-depth studies that will lead to the development of sustainable and effective strategies for deployment of durable resistance against ASR.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Type I Fimbriae Promote the Virulence of Serratia ureilytica Strains That Cause Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease While Impeding Biofilm Formation In Vitro. I型菌毛在体外阻碍生物膜形成的同时促进了导致葫芦黄藤病的解毒沙雷菌菌株的毒力。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-07-26 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0165-R

Kephas Mphande, Breah LaSarre, Mark L Gleason, Gwyn A Beattie

{"title":"Type I Fimbriae Promote the Virulence of Serratia ureilytica Strains That Cause Cucurbit Yellow Vine Disease While Impeding Biofilm Formation In Vitro.","authors":"Kephas Mphande, Breah LaSarre, Mark L Gleason, Gwyn A Beattie","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0165-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0165-R","url":null,"abstract":"Cucurbit yellow vine disease (CYVD) is an emerging phloem disease in the United States that causes yield losses of up to 100% in squash, pumpkin and watermelon. CYVD is caused by a group of closely related strains of Serratia ureilytica, a species comprising entomopathogenic, phytopathogenic, clinical, and environmental strains. One genomic trait distinguishing CYVD-causing S. ureilytica strains from non-CYVD S. ureilytica strains is the presence of a specific type I fimbrial locus, which we found to be uniquely plasmid-borne in CYVD strains. We investigated the contribution of this fim locus to CYVD by comparing the virulence of the wild-type CYVD strain Z07 to a deletion mutant Z07Δfim that lacked the entire seven-gene fim locus. Infection assays with these strains showed that this locus contributes to virulence on squash (Cucurbita pepo) and does so by contributing to a higher probability of developing large populations in planta. Moreover, the Z07Δfim mutant formed larger biofilms than the wild type in vitro, suggesting that these type I fimbriae interfere with biofilm formation. These results support a model in which biofilm development following S. ureilytica plant infection negatively impacts virulence, such as by restricting the number of sites accessed in the phloem tissue, thereby impeding spread and limiting colonization.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144732882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Banana Bunchy Top Disease in Rwanda: Identifying Disease Presence and Potential Areas at Risk. 卢旺达香蕉束顶病：确定疾病存在和潜在风险地区。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0135-R

Svetlana V Gaidashova, Joelle Kajuga, Guy Blomme, Walter Ocimati, Elizabeth Kearsley, Koen Hufkens, Immaculee Nishimwe, Jean Paul Ndayizeye, Bonaventure Aman Omondi

{"title":"Banana Bunchy Top Disease in Rwanda: Identifying Disease Presence and Potential Areas at Risk.","authors":"Svetlana V Gaidashova, Joelle Kajuga, Guy Blomme, Walter Ocimati, Elizabeth Kearsley, Koen Hufkens, Immaculee Nishimwe, Jean Paul Ndayizeye, Bonaventure Aman Omondi","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0135-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0135-R","url":null,"abstract":"Banana Bunchy Top Disease (BBTD) has been reported in southwestern Rwanda since the 1980s. Recent sporadic observations of BBTD in western and central regions, made by extension services and the Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), merited a comprehensive field survey across the country. This survey was performed in 2022-2023 to confirm and map the presence of BBTD in suspected areas in Rwanda. Combining the Rwandan survey with BBTD surveys in neighboring countries (eastern DR Congo, Burundi and Uganda), a BBTD probability model was developed for Rwanda, taking into account environmental, land-use/land-cover and socio-economic variables, from which a country-wide vulnerability map was compiled. Field surveys confirmed that BBTD has spread to the Nyamasheke and Rubavu district along lake Kivu, to all districts of Kigali and the bordering districts Rulindo and Kamonyi. Predictive risk mapping confirms that these regions are the highest risk areas of the country. South-eastern regions were identified as additional areas at risk for BBTD. While BBTD is currently not widespread across Rwandan banana production zones, key recommendations are made to prevent further incursions. Specifically, Kigali was identified as a new hotspot for BBTD spread in Rwanda, and here coordinated and rigorous eradication is key. Farmers' interviews revealed a critical need for awareness campaigns and training on BBTD. Most farmers were unaware of how the disease spreads, effective disease recognition, how to prevent its introduction and establishment, and how to manage the disease at both initial and advanced stages, making a comprehensive management approach imperative.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0