Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Phenotypic and Genetic Diversity of Xanthomonads Isolated from Pepper (<i>Capsicum</i> spp.) in Taiwan from 1989 to 2019.","authors":"Apekshya Parajuli, Aastha Subedi, Sujan Timilsina, Gerald V Minsavage, Lawrence Kenyon, Jaw-Rong Chen, Erica M Goss, Mathews L Paret, Jeffrey B Jones","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0449-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0449-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial spot caused by <i>Xanthomonas</i> spp. is an economically important disease of pepper causing significant yield losses in Taiwan. Monitoring the pathogen population on a continuous basis is necessary for developing disease management strategies. We analyzed a collection of xanthomonad strains isolated from pepper in Taiwan between 1989 and 2019. Among the sequenced genomes, 65 were identified as <i>Xanthomonas euvesicatoria</i>, and 10 were <i>X. perforans</i>. Thirty-five <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> and 10 <i>X. perforans</i> strains were copper tolerant, whereas only four <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> and none of the <i>X. perforans</i> strains were tolerant to streptomycin. Nine <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> strains were amylolytic, which is considered an unusual characteristic for <i>X. euvesicatoria</i>. Bayesian analysis of the population structure based on core gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms clustered the strains into five clusters for <i>X. euvesicatoria</i> and three clusters for <i>X. perforans</i>. One <i>X. perforans</i> cluster, designated as TP-2019, appears to be a novel genetic cluster based on core genes, accessory gene content, and effector profile. This knowledge of pathogen diversity with whole genomic information will be useful in future comparative studies and in improving breeding programs to develop disease-resistant cultivars and other disease management options.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2033-2044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing the Global Migration History of <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> Toward Colombia.","authors":"Camilo Patarroyo, Florencia Lucca, Stéphane Dupas, Silvia Restrepo","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0163-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0163-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolution of new variants of plant pathogens is one of the biggest challenges to controlling and managing plant diseases. Of the forces driving these evolutionary processes, global migration events are particularly important for widely distributed diseases such as potato late blight, caused by the oomycete <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>. However, little is known about its migration routes outside North America and Europe. This work used genotypic data from population studies to elucidate the migration history originating the Colombian <i>P. infestans</i> population. For this purpose, a dataset of 1,706 <i>P. infestans</i> genotypes was recollected, representing North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Descriptive analysis and historical records from North America and Europe were used to propose three global migration hypotheses, differing on the origin of the disease (Mexico or Peru) and the hypothesis that it returned to South America from Europe. These scenarios were tested using approximate Bayesian computation. According to this analysis, the most probable scenario (posterior probability = 0.631) was the one proposing a Peruvian origin for <i>P. infestans</i>, an initial migration toward Colombia and Mexico, and a later event from Mexico to the United States and then to Europe and Asia, with no return to northern South America. In Colombia, the scenario considering a single migration from Peru and posterior migrations within Colombia was the most probable, with a posterior probability of 0.640. The obtained results support the hypothesis of a Peruvian origin for <i>P. infestans</i> followed by rare colonization events worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2151-2161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effector Protein Serine Carboxypeptidase FgSCP Is Essential for Full Virulence in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> and Is Involved in Modulating Plant Immune Responses.","authors":"Kouhan Liu, Xintong Wang, Yuzhe Qi, Ying Li, Yifeng Shi, Yanyan Ren, Aolin Wang, Peng Cheng, Baotong Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0068-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0068-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fusarium head blight caused by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is a significant pathogen affecting wheat crops. During the infection process, effector proteins are secreted to modulate plant immunity and promote infection. The toxin deoxynivalenol is produced in infected wheat grains, posing a threat to human and animal health. Serine carboxypeptidases (SCPs) belong to the α/β hydrolase family of proteases and are widely distributed in plant and fungal vacuoles, as well as animal lysosomes. Research on SCPs mainly focuses on the isolation, purification, and production of a small number of fungi. The role of SCPs in plant secretion, growth and development, and stress resistance has also been extensively studied. However, their functions in <i>F. graminearum</i>, a fungal pathogen, remain relatively unknown. In this study, the biological functions of the <i>FgSCP</i> gene in <i>F. graminearum</i> were investigated. The study revealed that mutations in <i>FgSCP</i> affected the nutritional growth, sexual reproduction, and stress tolerance of <i>F. graminearum</i>. Furthermore, the deletion of <i>FgSCP</i> resulted in reduced pathogenicity and hindered the biosynthesis of deoxynivalenol. The upregulation of <i>FgSCP</i> expression 3 days after infection indicated its involvement in host invasion, possibly acting as a \"smokescreen\" to deceive the host and suppress the expression of host defensive genes. Subsequently, we confirmed the secretion ability of FgSCP and its ability to inhibit the cell death induced by <i>INF1</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> cells, indicating its potential role as an effector protein in suppressing plant immune responses and promoting infection. In summary, we have identified FgSCP as an essential effector protein in <i>F. graminearum</i>, playing critical roles in growth, virulence, secondary metabolism, and host invasion.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2131-2142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and Sequestration of Cercosporin by <i>Cercospora</i> cf. <i>flagellaris</i>.","authors":"Maria Izabel Costa de Novaes, Clark Robertson, Vinson P Doyle, David Burk, Sara Thomas-Sharma","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0310-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0310-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-pathogenic fungi produce toxins as virulence factors in many plant diseases. In Cercospora leaf blight of soybean caused by <i>Cercospora</i> cf. <i>flagellaris</i>, symptoms are a consequence of the production of a perylenequinone toxin, cercosporin, which is light-activated to produce damaging reactive oxygen species. Cercosporin is universally toxic to cells, except to the cells of the producer. The current model of self-resistance to cercosporin is largely attributed to the maintenance of cercosporin in a chemically reduced state inside hyphae, unassociated with cellular organelles. However, in another perylenequinone-producing fungus, <i>Phaeosphaeria</i> sp., the toxin was specifically sequestered inside lipid droplets (LDs) to prevent reactive oxygen species production. This study hypothesized that LD-based sequestration of cercosporin occurred in <i>C</i>. cf. <i>flagellaris</i> and that lipid-inhibiting fungicides could inhibit toxin production. Confocal microscopy using light-cultured <i>C</i>. cf. <i>flagellaris</i> indicated that 3-day-old hyphae contained two forms of cercosporin distributed in two types of hyphae. Reduced cercosporin was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of thick, primary hyphae, and, contrary to previous studies, active cercosporin was observed specifically in the LDs of thin, secondary hyphae. The production of hyphae of two different thicknesses, a characteristic of hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, has not been documented in <i>C</i>. cf. <i>flagellaris</i>. No correlation was observed between cercosporin production and total lipid extracted, and two lipid-inhibiting fungicides had little effect on fungal growth in growth-inhibition assays. This study lays a foundation for exploring the importance of pathogen lifestyle, toxin production, and LD content in the pathogenicity and symptomology of <i>Cercospora</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1822-1831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Elicited Flax Sheds Light on the Kinetics of Immune Defense Activation Against the Biotrophic Pathogen <i>Oidium lini</i>.","authors":"Géraldine van Aubel, Emmanuel Van Cutsem, Amélie Emond, Göran Métillon, Émilie Cordier, Pierre Van Cutsem","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0070-KC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0070-KC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>) grown under controlled conditions displayed genotype-dependent resistance to powdery mildew (<i>Oidium lini</i>) following COS-OGA (comprising chitosan- and pectin-derived oligomers) elicitor application. The present study reveals a two-step immune response in plants preventively challenged with the elicitor: an initial, rapid response characterized by the transcription of defense genes whose protein products act in contact with or within the cell wall, where biotrophic pathogens initially thrive, followed by a prolonged activation of cell wall peroxidases and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Thus, dozens of genes encoding membrane receptors, pathogenesis-related proteins, and wall peroxidases were initially overexpressed. Repeated COS-OGA treatments had a transient effect on the transcriptome response while cumulatively remodeling the metabolome over time, with a minimum of two applications required for maximal metabolomic shifts. Secondary metabolites, in particular terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, emerged as major components of this secondary defense response alongside pathogenesis-related proteins and wall peroxidases. The sustained accumulation of secondary metabolites, even after cessation of elicitation, contrasted with the short-lived transcriptomic response. Wall peroxidase enzyme activity also exhibited cumulative effects, increasing strongly for weeks after a third elicitor treatment. This underscores the plasticity of the plant immune response in the face of a potential infection, and the need for repeated preventive applications to achieve the full protective potential of the elicitor.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1904-1916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptomics of Soybean Genotypes with Partial Resistance Toward <i>Phytophthora sojae</i>, Conrad, and M92-220 to Moderately Susceptible Fast Neutron Mutant Soybeans and Sloan.","authors":"Nghi S Nguyen, Jelmer W Poelstra, Robert M Stupar, Leah K McHale, Anne E Dorrance","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0436-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0436-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The breeding of disease-resistant soybeans cultivars to manage Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by the pathogen <i>Phytophthora sojae</i> involves combining quantitative disease resistance (QDR) and <i>Rps</i> gene-mediated resistance. To identify and confirm potential mechanisms of QDR toward <i>P. sojae</i>, we conducted a time course study comparing changes in gene expression among Conrad and M92-220 with high QDR to susceptible genotypes, Sloan, and three mutants derived from fast neutron irradiation of M92-220. Differentially expressed genes from Conrad and M92-220 indicated several shared defense-related pathways at the transcriptomic level but also defense pathways unique to each cultivar, such as stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis and monobactam biosynthesis. Gene Ontology pathway analysis showed that the susceptible fast neutron mutants lacked enrichment of three terpenoid-related pathways and two cell wall-related pathways at either one or both time points, in contrast to M92-220. The susceptible mutants also lacked enrichment of potentially important Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways at either one or both time points, including sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis; thiamine metabolism; arachidonic acid; stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis; and monobactam biosynthesis. Additionally, 31 genes that were differentially expressed in M92-220 following <i>P</i>. <i>sojae</i> infection were not expressed in the mutants. These 31 genes have annotations related to unknown proteins; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; and protein and lipid metabolic processes. The results of this study confirm previously proposed mechanisms of QDR, provide evidence for potential novel QDR pathways in M92-220, and further our understanding of the complex network associated with QDR mechanisms in soybean toward <i>P. sojae.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1851-1868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Detection of Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, and Oomycete Pathogens on Tomatoes with Microneedles, LAMP on a Microfluidic Chip, and Smartphone Device.","authors":"Tatsiana Shymanovich, Amanda C Saville, Rajesh Paul, Qingshan Wei, Jean Beagle Ristaino","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0481-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0481-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid detection of plant diseases before they escalate can improve disease control. Our team has developed rapid nucleic acid extraction methods with microneedles and combined these with loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays for pathogen detection in the field. In this work, we developed LAMP assays for early blight (<i>Alternaria linariae</i>, <i>A. alternata</i>, and <i>A. solani</i>) and bacterial spot of tomato (<i>Xanthomonas perforans</i>) and validated these LAMP assays and two previously developed LAMP assays for tomato spotted wilt virus and late blight. Tomato plants were inoculated, and disease severity was measured. Extractions were performed using microneedles, and LAMP assays were run in tubes (with hydroxynaphthol blue) on a heat block or on a newly designed microfluidic slide chip on a heat block or a slide heater. Fluorescence on the microfluidic chip slides was visualized using EvaGreen and photographed on a smartphone. Plants inoculated with <i>X. perforans</i> or tomato spotted wilt virus tested positive prior to visible disease symptoms, whereas <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and <i>A. linariae</i> were detected at the time of visual disease symptoms. LAMP assays were more sensitive than PCR, and the limit of detection was 1 pg of DNA for both <i>A. linariae</i> and <i>X. perforans</i>. The LAMP assay designed for early blight detected all three species of <i>Alternaria</i> that infect tomato and is thus an <i>Alternaria</i> spp. assay. This study demonstrates the utility of rapid microneedle extraction followed by LAMP on a microfluidic chip for rapid diagnosis of four important tomato pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1975-1983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Insights into the Defense of <i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Cultivar Tiegun Callus Against Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungal Infection Through Transcriptome Analysis.","authors":"Chaochuang Li, Lanning Wang, Chenwei Tong, Haibing Li, Zhao Qin, Xiangpeng Zeng, Yingying Chang, Mingjun Li, Qingxiang Yang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0125-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0125-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Dioscorea opposita</i> cultivar Tiegun is an economically important crop with high nutritional and medicinal value. Plants can activate complex and diverse defense mechanisms after infection by pathogenic fungi. Moreover, endophytic fungi can also trigger the plant immune system to resist pathogen invasion. However, the study of the effects of endophytic fungi on plant infection lags far behind that of pathogenic fungi, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, the black spot pathogen <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and the endophytic fungus <i>Penicillium halotolerans</i> of Tiegun were identified and used to infect calli. The results showed that <i>A. alternata</i> could cause more severe membrane lipid peroxidation, whereas <i>P. halotolerans</i> could rapidly increase the activity of the plant antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase; thus, the degree of damage to the callus caused by <i>P. halotolerans</i> was weaker than that caused by <i>A. alternata</i>. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that various plant defense pathways, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, play important roles in triggering the plant immune response during fungal infection. Furthermore, the tryptophan metabolism, betalain biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, flavonoid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathways may accelerate the infection of pathogenic fungi, and the ribosome biogenesis pathway in eukaryotes may retard the damage caused by endophytic fungi. This study lays a foundation for exploring the infection mechanism of yam pathogens and endophytic fungi and provides insight for effective fungal disease control in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1893-1903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2022.","authors":"Hannah Fielder, Tim Beale, Michael J Jeger, Gabriella Oliver, Stephen Parnell, Anna M Szyniszewska, Philip Taylor, Nik J Cunniffe","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0042-RVW","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0042-RVW","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scientometric study reviews the scientific literature and CABI distribution records published in 2022 to find evidence of major disease outbreaks and first reports of pathogens in new locations or on new hosts. This is the second time we have done this, and this study builds on our work documenting and analyzing reports from 2021. Pathogens with three or more articles identified in 2022 literature were <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>, <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i> species complexes, '<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus', <i>Raffaelea lauricola</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> formae specialis, and <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>. Our review of CABI distribution records found 29 pathogens with confirmed first reports in 2022. Pathogens with four or more first reports were <i>Meloidogyne</i> species complexes, <i>Pantoea ananatis</i>, grapevine red globe virus, and <i>Thekopsora minima</i>. Analysis of the proportion of new distribution records from 2022 indicated that grapevine red globe virus, sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus, and '<i>Ca</i>. Phytoplasma vitis' may have been actively spreading. As we saw last year, there was little overlap between the pathogens identified by reviewing scientific literature versus distribution records. We hypothesize that this lack of concordance is because of the unavoidable lag between first reports of the type reported in the CABI database of a pathogen in a new location and any subsequent major disease outbreaks being reported in the scientific literature, particularly because the latter depends on the journal policy on types of papers to be considered, whether the affected crop is major or minor, and whether the pathogen is of current scientific interest. Strikingly, too, there was also no overlap between species assessed to be actively spreading in this year's study and those identified last year. We hypothesize that this is because of inconsistencies in sampling coverage and effort over time and delays between the first arrival of a pathogen in a new location and its first report, particularly for certain classes of pathogens causing only minor or non-economically damaging symptoms, which may have been endemic for some time before being reported. In general, introduction of new pathogens and outbreaks of extant pathogens threaten food security and ecosystem services. Continued monitoring of these threats is essential to support phytosanitary measures intended to prevent pathogen introductions and management of threats within a country.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1717-1732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of <i>Rmg11</i> in Tetraploid Wheat as a New Blast Resistance Gene with Tolerance to High Temperature.","authors":"M Thoihidul Islam, Chika Nago, Motohiro Yoshioka, Trinh Thi Phuong Vy, Yukio Tosa, Soichiro Asuke","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0074-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0074-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat blast caused by <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> pathotype <i>Triticum</i> has spread to Asia (Bangladesh) and Africa (Zambia) from the endemic region of South America. Wheat varieties with durable resistance are needed, but very limited resistance resources are currently available. After screening tetraploid wheat accessions, we found an exceptional accession St19 (<i>Triticum dicoccum</i>, KU-114). Primary leaves of St19 were resistant not only to Brazilian isolate Br48 (a carrier of Type eI of <i>AVR-Rmg8</i>) but also to Br48ΔA8, an <i>AVR-Rmg8</i> disruptant of Br48, even at 30°C, suggesting that the resistance of St19 is tolerant to high temperature and controlled by a gene or genes other than <i>Rmg8</i>. When an F₂ population derived from a cross between St19 and St30 (a susceptible accession of <i>T. paleocolchicum</i>, KU-191) was inoculated with Br48, resistant and susceptible seedlings segregated in a 3:1 ratio, indicating that resistance of St19 is conferred by a single gene. We designated this gene <i>Rmg11</i>. Molecular mapping revealed that the <i>RMG11</i> locus is located on the short arm of chromosome 7A. <i>Rmg11</i> is effective not only against other two Brazilian isolates (Br5 and Br116.5) but also against Bangladeshi isolates (T-108 and T-109) at the seedling stage. At the heading stage, lines containing <i>Rmg11</i> were highly susceptible to the Bangladeshi isolates but moderately resistant to the Brazilian isolates. Stacking of <i>Rmg11</i> with <i>Rmg8</i> and the 2NS segment is highly recommended to achieve durable wheat blast resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1878-1883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}