Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptomics of Soybean Genotypes with Partial Resistance Toward <i>Phytophthora sojae</i>, Conrad, and M92-220 to Moderately Susceptible Fast Neutron Mutant Soybeans and Sloan.","authors":"Nghi S Nguyen, Jelmer W Poelstra, Robert M Stupar, Leah K McHale, Anne E Dorrance","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0436-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0436-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The breeding of disease-resistant soybeans cultivars to manage Phytophthora root and stem rot caused by the pathogen <i>Phytophthora sojae</i> involves combining quantitative disease resistance (QDR) and <i>Rps</i> gene-mediated resistance. To identify and confirm potential mechanisms of QDR toward <i>P. sojae</i>, we conducted a time course study comparing changes in gene expression among Conrad and M92-220 with high QDR to susceptible genotypes, Sloan, and three mutants derived from fast neutron irradiation of M92-220. Differentially expressed genes from Conrad and M92-220 indicated several shared defense-related pathways at the transcriptomic level but also defense pathways unique to each cultivar, such as stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis and monobactam biosynthesis. Gene Ontology pathway analysis showed that the susceptible fast neutron mutants lacked enrichment of three terpenoid-related pathways and two cell wall-related pathways at either one or both time points, in contrast to M92-220. The susceptible mutants also lacked enrichment of potentially important Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways at either one or both time points, including sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis; thiamine metabolism; arachidonic acid; stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid, and gingerol biosynthesis; and monobactam biosynthesis. Additionally, 31 genes that were differentially expressed in M92-220 following <i>P</i>. <i>sojae</i> infection were not expressed in the mutants. These 31 genes have annotations related to unknown proteins; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; and protein and lipid metabolic processes. The results of this study confirm previously proposed mechanisms of QDR, provide evidence for potential novel QDR pathways in M92-220, and further our understanding of the complex network associated with QDR mechanisms in soybean toward <i>P. sojae.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1851-1868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid Detection of Viral, Bacterial, Fungal, and Oomycete Pathogens on Tomatoes with Microneedles, LAMP on a Microfluidic Chip, and Smartphone Device.","authors":"Tatsiana Shymanovich, Amanda C Saville, Rajesh Paul, Qingshan Wei, Jean Beagle Ristaino","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0481-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0481-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid detection of plant diseases before they escalate can improve disease control. Our team has developed rapid nucleic acid extraction methods with microneedles and combined these with loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) assays for pathogen detection in the field. In this work, we developed LAMP assays for early blight (<i>Alternaria linariae</i>, <i>A. alternata</i>, and <i>A. solani</i>) and bacterial spot of tomato (<i>Xanthomonas perforans</i>) and validated these LAMP assays and two previously developed LAMP assays for tomato spotted wilt virus and late blight. Tomato plants were inoculated, and disease severity was measured. Extractions were performed using microneedles, and LAMP assays were run in tubes (with hydroxynaphthol blue) on a heat block or on a newly designed microfluidic slide chip on a heat block or a slide heater. Fluorescence on the microfluidic chip slides was visualized using EvaGreen and photographed on a smartphone. Plants inoculated with <i>X. perforans</i> or tomato spotted wilt virus tested positive prior to visible disease symptoms, whereas <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> and <i>A. linariae</i> were detected at the time of visual disease symptoms. LAMP assays were more sensitive than PCR, and the limit of detection was 1 pg of DNA for both <i>A. linariae</i> and <i>X. perforans</i>. The LAMP assay designed for early blight detected all three species of <i>Alternaria</i> that infect tomato and is thus an <i>Alternaria</i> spp. assay. This study demonstrates the utility of rapid microneedle extraction followed by LAMP on a microfluidic chip for rapid diagnosis of four important tomato pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1975-1983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Insights into the Defense of <i>Dioscorea opposita</i> Cultivar Tiegun Callus Against Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungal Infection Through Transcriptome Analysis.","authors":"Chaochuang Li, Lanning Wang, Chenwei Tong, Haibing Li, Zhao Qin, Xiangpeng Zeng, Yingying Chang, Mingjun Li, Qingxiang Yang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0125-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0125-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Dioscorea opposita</i> cultivar Tiegun is an economically important crop with high nutritional and medicinal value. Plants can activate complex and diverse defense mechanisms after infection by pathogenic fungi. Moreover, endophytic fungi can also trigger the plant immune system to resist pathogen invasion. However, the study of the effects of endophytic fungi on plant infection lags far behind that of pathogenic fungi, and the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Here, the black spot pathogen <i>Alternaria alternata</i> and the endophytic fungus <i>Penicillium halotolerans</i> of Tiegun were identified and used to infect calli. The results showed that <i>A. alternata</i> could cause more severe membrane lipid peroxidation, whereas <i>P. halotolerans</i> could rapidly increase the activity of the plant antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase; thus, the degree of damage to the callus caused by <i>P. halotolerans</i> was weaker than that caused by <i>A. alternata</i>. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that various plant defense pathways, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, play important roles in triggering the plant immune response during fungal infection. Furthermore, the tryptophan metabolism, betalain biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, flavonoid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis pathways may accelerate the infection of pathogenic fungi, and the ribosome biogenesis pathway in eukaryotes may retard the damage caused by endophytic fungi. This study lays a foundation for exploring the infection mechanism of yam pathogens and endophytic fungi and provides insight for effective fungal disease control in agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1893-1903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2022.","authors":"Hannah Fielder, Tim Beale, Michael J Jeger, Gabriella Oliver, Stephen Parnell, Anna M Szyniszewska, Philip Taylor, Nik J Cunniffe","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0042-RVW","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0042-RVW","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This scientometric study reviews the scientific literature and CABI distribution records published in 2022 to find evidence of major disease outbreaks and first reports of pathogens in new locations or on new hosts. This is the second time we have done this, and this study builds on our work documenting and analyzing reports from 2021. Pathogens with three or more articles identified in 2022 literature were <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>, <i>Bursaphelenchus xylophilus</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i> species complexes, '<i>Candidatus</i> Liberibacter asiaticus', <i>Raffaelea lauricola</i>, <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> formae specialis, and <i>Puccinia graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i>. Our review of CABI distribution records found 29 pathogens with confirmed first reports in 2022. Pathogens with four or more first reports were <i>Meloidogyne</i> species complexes, <i>Pantoea ananatis</i>, grapevine red globe virus, and <i>Thekopsora minima</i>. Analysis of the proportion of new distribution records from 2022 indicated that grapevine red globe virus, sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus, and '<i>Ca</i>. Phytoplasma vitis' may have been actively spreading. As we saw last year, there was little overlap between the pathogens identified by reviewing scientific literature versus distribution records. We hypothesize that this lack of concordance is because of the unavoidable lag between first reports of the type reported in the CABI database of a pathogen in a new location and any subsequent major disease outbreaks being reported in the scientific literature, particularly because the latter depends on the journal policy on types of papers to be considered, whether the affected crop is major or minor, and whether the pathogen is of current scientific interest. Strikingly, too, there was also no overlap between species assessed to be actively spreading in this year's study and those identified last year. We hypothesize that this is because of inconsistencies in sampling coverage and effort over time and delays between the first arrival of a pathogen in a new location and its first report, particularly for certain classes of pathogens causing only minor or non-economically damaging symptoms, which may have been endemic for some time before being reported. In general, introduction of new pathogens and outbreaks of extant pathogens threaten food security and ecosystem services. Continued monitoring of these threats is essential to support phytosanitary measures intended to prevent pathogen introductions and management of threats within a country.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1717-1732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of <i>Rmg11</i> in Tetraploid Wheat as a New Blast Resistance Gene with Tolerance to High Temperature.","authors":"M Thoihidul Islam, Chika Nago, Motohiro Yoshioka, Trinh Thi Phuong Vy, Yukio Tosa, Soichiro Asuke","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0074-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0074-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat blast caused by <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> pathotype <i>Triticum</i> has spread to Asia (Bangladesh) and Africa (Zambia) from the endemic region of South America. Wheat varieties with durable resistance are needed, but very limited resistance resources are currently available. After screening tetraploid wheat accessions, we found an exceptional accession St19 (<i>Triticum dicoccum</i>, KU-114). Primary leaves of St19 were resistant not only to Brazilian isolate Br48 (a carrier of Type eI of <i>AVR-Rmg8</i>) but also to Br48ΔA8, an <i>AVR-Rmg8</i> disruptant of Br48, even at 30°C, suggesting that the resistance of St19 is tolerant to high temperature and controlled by a gene or genes other than <i>Rmg8</i>. When an F₂ population derived from a cross between St19 and St30 (a susceptible accession of <i>T. paleocolchicum</i>, KU-191) was inoculated with Br48, resistant and susceptible seedlings segregated in a 3:1 ratio, indicating that resistance of St19 is conferred by a single gene. We designated this gene <i>Rmg11</i>. Molecular mapping revealed that the <i>RMG11</i> locus is located on the short arm of chromosome 7A. <i>Rmg11</i> is effective not only against other two Brazilian isolates (Br5 and Br116.5) but also against Bangladeshi isolates (T-108 and T-109) at the seedling stage. At the heading stage, lines containing <i>Rmg11</i> were highly susceptible to the Bangladeshi isolates but moderately resistant to the Brazilian isolates. Stacking of <i>Rmg11</i> with <i>Rmg8</i> and the 2NS segment is highly recommended to achieve durable wheat blast resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1878-1883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140898818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breeding of a Near-Isogenic Wheat Line Resistant to Wheat Blast at Both Seedling and Heading Stages Through Incorporation of <i>Rmg8</i>.","authors":"Motohiro Yoshioka, Mai Shibata, Kohei Morita, M Thoihidul Islam, Masaya Fujita, Koichi Hatta, Makoto Tougou, Yukio Tosa, Soichiro Asuke","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-23-0234-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-23-0234-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat blast caused by <i>Pyricularia oryzae</i> pathotype <i>Triticum</i> (MoT) has been transmitted from South America to Bangladesh and Zambia and is now spreading in these countries. To prepare against its further spread to Asian countries, we introduced <i>Rmg8</i>, a gene for resistance to wheat blast, into a Japanese elite cultivar, Chikugoizumi (ChI), through recurrent backcrosses and established ChI near-isogenic lines, #2-1-10 with the <i>Rmg8</i>/<i>Rmg8</i> genotype and #4-2-10 with the <i>rmg8</i>/<i>rmg8</i> genotype. A molecular analysis suggested that at least 96.6% of the #2-1-10 genome was derived from the recurrent parent ChI. The #2-1-10 line was resistant to MoT not only in primary leaves at the seedling stage but also in spikes and flag leaves at the heading stage. The strength of the resistance in spikes of this <i>Rmg8</i> carrier was comparable to that of a carrier of the 2NS segment, which has been the only genetic resource released to farmers' fields for wheat blast resistance. On the other hand, the 2NS resistance was not expressed on leaves at the seedling stage nor flag leaves at the heading stage. Considering that leaf blast has been increasingly reported and regarded as an important inoculum source for spike blast, <i>Rmg8</i> expressed at both the seedling and heading stages, or more strictly in both leaves and spikes, is suggested to be useful to prevent the spread of MoT in Asia and Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1843-1850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MiR398b Targets Superoxide Dismutase Genes in Soybean in Defense Against <i>Heterodera glycines</i> via Modulating Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis.","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhang, Xiaofeng Zhu, Lijie Chen, Haiyan Fan, Xiaoyu Liu, Ning Yang, Yuxi Duan, Yuanyuan Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0343-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0343-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs play crucial roles in plant defense responses. However, the underlying mechanism by which miR398b contributes to soybean responses to soybean cyst nematode (<i>Heterodera glycines</i>) remains elusive. In this study, by using <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i>-mediated transformation of soybean hairy roots, we observed that miR398b and target genes <i>GmCCS</i> and <i>GmCSD1b</i> played vital functions in soybean-<i>H. glycines</i> interaction. The study revealed that the abundance of miR398b was downregulated by <i>H. glycines</i> infection, and overexpression of miR398b enhanced the susceptibility of soybean to <i>H. glycines</i>. Conversely, silencing of miR398b improved soybean resistance to <i>H. glycines</i>. Detection assays revealed that miR398b rapidly senses stress-induced reactive oxygen species, leading to the repression of target genes <i>GmCCS</i> and <i>GmCSD1b</i> and regulating the accumulation of plant defense genes against nematode infection. Moreover, exogenous synthetic ds-miR398b enhanced soybean sensitivity to <i>H. glycines</i> by modulating H₂O₂ and O₂^- levels. Functional analysis demonstrated that overexpression of <i>GmCCS</i> and <i>GmCSD1b</i> in soybean enhanced resistance to <i>H. glycines</i>. RNA interference-mediated repression of <i>GmCCS</i> and <i>GmCSD1b</i> in soybean increased susceptibility to <i>H. glycines</i>. RNA sequencing revealed that a majority of differentially expressed genes in overexpressed <i>GmCCS</i> were associated with oxidative stress. Overall, the results indicate that miR398b targets superoxide dismutase genes, which negatively regulate soybean resistance to <i>H. glycines</i> via modulating reactive oxygen species levels and defense signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1950-1962"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Informed Trophic Classification and Functional Characterization of Virulence Proteins from the Maize Tar Spot Pathogen <i>Phyllachora maydis</i>.","authors":"Abigail Rogers, Namrata Jaiswal, Emily Roggenkamp, Hye-Seon Kim, Joshua S MacCready, Martin I Chilvers, Steven R Scofield, Anjali S Iyer-Pascuzzi, Matthew Helm","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0037-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0037-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phyllachora maydis</i> is an ascomycete foliar fungal pathogen and the causal agent of tar spot in maize. Although <i>P. maydis</i> is considered an economically important foliar pathogen of maize, our general knowledge of the trophic lifestyle and functional role of effector proteins from this fungal pathogen remains limited. Here, we utilized a genome-informed approach to predict the trophic lifestyle of <i>P. maydis</i> and functionally characterized a subset of candidate effectors from this fungal pathogen. Leveraging the most recent <i>P. maydis</i> genome annotation and the CATAStrophy pipeline, we show that this fungal pathogen encodes a predicted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) repertoire consistent with that of biotrophs. To investigate fungal pathogenicity, we selected 18 candidate effector proteins that were previously shown to be expressed during primary disease development. We assessed whether these putative effectors share predicted structural similarity with other characterized fungal effectors and determined whether any suppress plant immune responses. Using AlphaFold2 and Foldseek, we showed that one candidate effector, PM02_g1115, adopts a predicted protein structure similar to that of an effector from <i>Verticillium dahlia</i>. Furthermore, transient expression of candidate effector-fluorescent protein fusions in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> revealed two putative effectors, PM02_g378 and PM02_g2610, accumulated predominantly in the cytosol, and three candidate effectors, PM02_g1115, PM02_g7882, and PM02_g8240, consistently attenuated chitin-mediated reactive oxygen species production. Collectively, the results presented herein provide insights into the predicted trophic lifestyle and putative functions of effectors from <i>P. maydis</i> and will likely stimulate continued research to elucidate the molecular mechanisms used by <i>P. maydis</i> to induce tar spot.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1940-1949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Rice Blast Fungus Genetic Diversity and Identification of a Novel Blast Resistance <i>OsDRq12</i> Gene.","authors":"Dan-Dan Zhao, Hyunjung Chung, Yoon-Hee Jang, Muhammad Farooq, Soo Yeon Choi, Xiao-Xuan Du, Kyung-Min Kim","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0050-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0050-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rice blast fungus <i>Magnaporthe oryzae</i> poses a significant challenge to maintaining rice production. Developing rice varieties with resistance to this disease is crucial for its effective control. To understand the genetic variability of blast isolates collected between 2015 and 2017, the 27 monogenic rice lines that carry specific resistance genes were used to evaluate blast disease reactions. Based on criteria such as viability, virulence, and reactions to resistance genes, 20 blast isolates were selected as representative strains. To identify novel resistance genes, a quantitative trait locus analysis was carried out utilizing a mixture of the 20 representative rice blast isolates and a rice population derived from crossing the blast-resistant cultivar 'Cheongcheong' with the blast-susceptible cultivar 'Nagdong'. This analysis revealed a significant locus, RM1227-RM1261 on chromosome 12, that is associated with rice blast resistance. Within this locus, 12 disease resistance-associated protein genes were identified. Among them, <i>OsDRq12</i>, a member of the nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat disease resistance family, was chosen as the target gene for additional computational investigation. The findings of this study have significant implications for enhancing rice production and ensuring food security by controlling rice blast and developing resistant rice cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1917-1925"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antisense Oligonucleotide as a New Technology Application for <i>CsLOB1</i> Gene Silencing Aiming at Citrus Canker Resistance.","authors":"Luiz Felipe Franco de Lima, Isis Gabriela Barbosa Carvalho, Reinaldo Rodrigues de Souza-Neto, Larissa da Silva Dos Santos, César Augusto Nascimento, Marco Aurélio Takita, Fabiano Touzdjian Pinheiro Kohlrausch Távora, Angela Mehta, Alessandra Alves de Souza","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0058-KC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0058-KC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus canker disease, caused by <i>Xanthomonas citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i>, poses a significant threat to global citrus production. The control of the disease in the field relies mainly on the use of conventional tools such as copper compounds, which are harmful to the environment and could lead to bacterial resistance. This scenario stresses the need for new and sustainable technologies to control phytopathogens, representing a key challenge in developing studies that translate basic into applied knowledge. During infection, <i>X. citri</i> subsp. <i>citri</i> secretes a transcriptional activator-like effector that enters the nucleus of plant cells, activating the expression of the canker susceptibility gene LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES 1 (<i>LOB1</i>). In this study, we explored the use of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) with phosphorothioate modifications to transiently inhibit the gene expression of <i>CsLOB1</i> in <i>Citrus sinensis</i>. We designed and validated three potential ASO sequences, which led to a significant reduction in disease symptoms compared with the control. The selected ASO3-<i>CsLOB1</i> significantly decreased the expression level of <i>CsLOB1</i> when delivered through two distinct delivery methods, and the reduction of the symptoms ranged from approximately 15 to 83%. Notably, plants treated with ASO3 did not exhibit an increase in symptom development over the evaluation period. This study highlights the efficacy of ASO technology, based on short oligonucleotide chemically modified sequences, as a promising tool for controlling phytopathogens without the need for genetic transformation or plant regeneration. Our results demonstrate the potential of ASOs as a biotechnological tool for the management of citrus canker disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1802-1809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}