Phytopathology最新文献

Characterization of Siderophores Produced by Bacillus velezensis YL2021 and Its Application in Controlling Rice Sheath Blight and Rice Blast. Velezensis YL2021 杆菌产生的苷酸的特性及其在防治水稻鞘枯病和稻瘟病中的应用

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0148-R

Youzhou Liu, Chen Dai, Yang Zuo, Junqing Qiao, Jiahui Shen, Xiaole Yin, Yongfeng Liu

{"title":"Characterization of Siderophores Produced by Bacillus velezensis YL2021 and Its Application in Controlling Rice Sheath Blight and Rice Blast.","authors":"Youzhou Liu, Chen Dai, Yang Zuo, Junqing Qiao, Jiahui Shen, Xiaole Yin, Yongfeng Liu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0148-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0148-R","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus velezensis YL2021 has extensive antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens, and its genome harbors a catechol-type siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster. Here, we describe the characterization of siderophores produced by strain YL2021 and its antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. A few types of siderophores were detected by chrome azurol S plates coupled with Arnow's test, purified, and identified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. We found that strain YL2021 can produce different antimicrobial compounds under low-iron M9 medium or iron-sufficient Luria-Bertani medium, although antimicrobial activities can be easily observed on the two media as described above in vitro. Strain YL2021 can produce at least three catechol-type siderophores in low-iron M9 medium, whereas no siderophores were produced in Luria-Bertani medium. Among them, the main antimicrobial siderophore produced by strain YL2021 was bacillibactin, with m/z 882, based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, which has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the oomycete Phytophthora capsici, and phytopathogenic fungi. Moreover, the antifungal activity of siderophores, including bacillibactin, observed in vitro was correlated with control efficacies against rice sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani and rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae in vivo. Collectively, the results demonstrate that siderophores, including bacillibactin, produced by B. velezensis YL2021 are promising biocontrol agents for application in rice disease control.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO04240148R"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A nitrogen-metabolism inhibitor NmrA regulates conidial production, melanin synthesis and virulence in phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. 氮代谢抑制剂 NmrA 可调控植物病原真菌大丽轮枝菌的分生孢子产生、黑色素合成和毒力。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0226-R

Qi Xiao, Leyuan Zhang, Xueping Xu, Renyu Dai, Yingqing Tan, Xianbi Li, Dan Jin, Yanhua Fan

{"title":"A nitrogen-metabolism inhibitor NmrA regulates conidial production, melanin synthesis and virulence in phytopathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae.","authors":"Qi Xiao, Leyuan Zhang, Xueping Xu, Renyu Dai, Yingqing Tan, Xianbi Li, Dan Jin, Yanhua Fan","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0226-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0226-R","url":null,"abstract":"NmrA homologs have been reported as conserved regulators of the nitrogen metabolite repression (NMR) in various fungi. Here, we identified a NmrA homolog in Verticillium dahliae and reported its functions in nitrogen utilization, growth and development, and pathogenesis. VdNmrA interacts with V. dahliae AreA protein and regulates the expression of a typical NCR target, the formamidase gene. VdNmrA deletion mutants exhibited significantly slower colony growth on media with Gln or Arg. Furthermore, VdNmrA deletion impaired hyphal growth, spore production, hyperosmotic stress tolerance, and melanin biosynthesis. Less ROS was produced in VdNmrA mutants, and the NADPH oxidase genes noxA and noxB showed lowered expression level compared to the wild type. VdNmrA mutants exhibited reduced virulence on cotton and Arabidopsis compared with wild type strains. Our results indicated that VdNmrA functioned as an NMR repressor and played important roles in nutrient utilization, fungal development, stress tolerance and pathogenicity in V. dahliae.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rhizopus stolonifer exhibits necrotrophic behavior when causing soft rot in ripe fruit. 根瘤菌（Rhizopus stolonifer）在引起成熟水果软腐病时表现出坏死性。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0081-R

Saskia Desiree Mesquida-Pesci, Abraham Morales-Cruz, Silvia Rodriguez-Pires, Rosa Figueroa-Balderas, Christian James Silva, Adrian Sbodio, Elia Gutierrez-Baeza, Petros Martin Raygoza, Dario Cantu, Barbara Blanco-Ulate

{"title":"Rhizopus stolonifer exhibits necrotrophic behavior when causing soft rot in ripe fruit.","authors":"Saskia Desiree Mesquida-Pesci, Abraham Morales-Cruz, Silvia Rodriguez-Pires, Rosa Figueroa-Balderas, Christian James Silva, Adrian Sbodio, Elia Gutierrez-Baeza, Petros Martin Raygoza, Dario Cantu, Barbara Blanco-Ulate","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0081-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0081-R","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizopus stolonifer is known for causing soft rot in fruit and vegetables during postharvest. Although it has traditionally been considered a saprophyte, it appears to behave more like a necrotrophic pathogen. In this study, we propose that R. stolonifer invades host tissues by actively killing host cells and overcoming the host defense mechanisms, as opposed to growing saprophytically on decaying plant matter. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing R. stolonifer infection strategies when infecting four fruit hosts (tomato, grape, strawberry, and plum). We started by generating a high-quality genome assembly for R. stolonifer using PacBio sequencing. This led to a genome size of 45.02 Mb, an N50 of 2.87 Mb, and 12,644 predicted loci with protein-coding genes. Next, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to identify genes that R. stolonifer preferentially uses when growing in fruit versus culture media. We categorized these infection-related genes into clusters according to their expression patterns during the interaction with the host. Based on the expression data, we determined that R. stolonifer has a core infection toolbox consisting of strategies typical of necrotrophs, which includes a set of 33 oxidoreductases, 7 proteases, and 4 cell wall degrading enzymes to facilitate tissue breakdown and maceration across various hosts. This study provides new genomic resources for R. stolonifer and advances the knowledge of Rhizopus-fruit interactions, which can assist in formulating effective and sustainable integrated pest management approaches for soft rot prevention.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unraveling Pinus massoniana's Defense Mechanisms Against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Under Aseptic Conditions: A Transcriptomic Analysis. 揭示无菌条件下 Pinus massoniana 对 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus 的防御机制：转录组分析

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0180-R

Jinghui Zhu, Kean-Jin Lim, Tianyu Fang, Chen Zhang, Jianren Ye, Li-Hua Zhu

{"title":"Unraveling Pinus massoniana's Defense Mechanisms Against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Under Aseptic Conditions: A Transcriptomic Analysis.","authors":"Jinghui Zhu, Kean-Jin Lim, Tianyu Fang, Chen Zhang, Jianren Ye, Li-Hua Zhu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0180-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0180-R","url":null,"abstract":"Pine wilt disease (PWD) is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and significantly impacts pine forest ecosystems globally. This study focuses on Pinus massoniana, an important timber and oleoresin resource in China, which is highly susceptible to PWN. However, the defense mechanism of pine trees in response to PWN remains unclear. Addressing the complexities of PWD, influenced by diverse factors such as bacteria, fungi, and environment, we established a reciprocal system between PWN and P. massoniana seedlings under aseptic conditions. Utilizing combined second- and third-generation sequencing technologies, we identified 3,718 differentially expressed genes post PWN infection. Transcript analysis highlighted the activation of defense mechanisms via stilbenes, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways, terpene synthesis, and induction of pathogenesis-related proteins and resistance genes, predominantly at 72 h postinfection. Notably, terpene synthesis pathways, particularly the mevalonate pathway, were crucial in defense, suggesting their significance in P. massoniana's response to PWN. This comprehensive transcriptome profiling offers insights into P. massoniana's intricate defense strategies against PWN under aseptic conditions, laying a foundation for future functional analyses of key resistance genes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO06240180R"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142293751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Defining the Secondary Metabolites in the Pseudomonas protegens PBL3 Secretome with Antagonistic Activity Against Burkholderia glumae. 确定蛋白假单胞菌 PBL3 分泌组中具有拮抗布鲁霍尔德氏菌活性的次级代谢物。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0140-R

Shilu Dahal, Sophie Alvarez, Samantha J Balboa, Leslie M Hicks, Clemencia M Rojas

{"title":"Defining the Secondary Metabolites in the Pseudomonas protegens PBL3 Secretome with Antagonistic Activity Against Burkholderia glumae.","authors":"Shilu Dahal, Sophie Alvarez, Samantha J Balboa, Leslie M Hicks, Clemencia M Rojas","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0140-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0140-R","url":null,"abstract":"Rice production worldwide is threatened by the disease bacterial panicle blight (BPB) caused by Burkholderia glumae. Despite the threat, resources to control this disease, such as completely resistant cultivars or effective chemical methods, are still lacking. However, the need to control this disease has paved the way to explore biologically based approaches harnessing the antimicrobial activities of environmental bacteria. Previously, the bacterium Pseudomonas protegens PBL3 was identified as a potential biological control agent against B. glumae due to its antimicrobial activity against B. glumae. Such antimicrobial activity in vitro and in planta was associated with the P. protegens PBL3 bacteria-free secreted fraction (secretome), although the specific molecules responsible for this activity have remained elusive. In this work, we advance the characterization of the P. protegens PBL3 secretome by evaluating the antimicrobial activity in vitro of selected secondary metabolites predicted by the P. protegens PBL3 genomic sequence against B. glumae. In addition, using reversed-phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry of the P. protegens PBL3 secretome enabled us to successfully detect and quantify pyoluteorin, 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol, and pyochelin. Among those, pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol reduced the growth of B. glumae in vitro, along with reducing the symptoms of BPB and bacterial growth in planta, suggesting that these compounds could be effective as biopesticides to mitigate BPB.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO04240140R"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pink-pigmented variant of Clavibacter michiganensis expands phenotypic range of tomato bacterial canker pathogen. Clavibacter michiganensis 的粉红色变种扩大了番茄细菌性腐烂病病原体的表型范围。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-10 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0236-R

Malihe Haghverdi, S Mohsen Taghavi, Sadegh Zarei, Hamzeh Mafakheri, Hamid Abachi, Martial Briand, Geraldine Taghouti, Perrine Portier, Marie-Agnes Jacques, Ebrahim Osdaghi

{"title":"Pink-pigmented variant of Clavibacter michiganensis expands phenotypic range of tomato bacterial canker pathogen.","authors":"Malihe Haghverdi, S Mohsen Taghavi, Sadegh Zarei, Hamzeh Mafakheri, Hamid Abachi, Martial Briand, Geraldine Taghouti, Perrine Portier, Marie-Agnes Jacques, Ebrahim Osdaghi","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0236-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0236-R","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial canker of tomato caused by the Gram-positive corynebacterial species Clavibacter michiganensis is one of the most destructive seed-borne diseases in both open air and greenhouse tomatoes. The pathogen is a regulated agent in all tomato-producing countries as translocation of infected tomato materials transports the bacterium into new areas. Clavibacter michiganensis is generally known to have yellow-pigmented colonies on culture media, which is a key differentiative phenotypic feature in standard diagnostic guidelines. During 2020 and 2021, pink-pigmented corynebacterial strains were isolated from tomato seeds (cv. Sun 6189F1) and plants showing severe canker symptoms in Southern Iran. The six pink-pigmented strains were pathogenic on tomato and pepper seedlings under greenhouse conditions, and gave positive results with C. michiganensis-specific primers pairs described in the literature. Phylogenomics and DNA similarity calculations showed that the pink-pigmented strains were highly similar to the authentic yellow-pigmented members of the pathogen. Thus, they were identified as a new phenotypic variant of tomato bacterial canker pathogen. Whole genome screenings accomplished with PCR-based assays showed that the pink strains contain all pathogenicity determinant genes described in C. michiganensis. Further, orthologous gene clusters in the pink-pigmented strains were more similar to the pathogenic members of C. michiganensis than to those of non-pathogenic tomato-associated Clavibacter species. Results obtained in this study demonstrate the emergence of a new pink-pigmented variant of C. michiganensis and highlight the importance of colony pigmentation/morphology in culture-based detection of the bacterium. The need for updating diagnostic guidelines on the colony variants of the pathogen is further discussed.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142802074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Gene Cassette Vd276-280 in Verticillium dahliae Contains Two Genes that Affect Melanized Microsclerotium Formation and Virulence. 大丽轮枝菌（Verticillium dahliae）中的一个基因盒 Vd276-280 包含两个影响黑色素化小硬壳形成和毒力的基因。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0426-R

Tao Liu, Haonan Yu, Jun Qin, Wenjing Shang, Jieyin Chen, Krishna V Subbarao, Xiaoping Hu

{"title":"A Gene Cassette Vd276-280 in Verticillium dahliae Contains Two Genes that Affect Melanized Microsclerotium Formation and Virulence.","authors":"Tao Liu, Haonan Yu, Jun Qin, Wenjing Shang, Jieyin Chen, Krishna V Subbarao, Xiaoping Hu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0426-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0426-R","url":null,"abstract":"Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne phytopathogenic fungus causing Verticillium wilt on hundreds of plant species. Several sequenced genomes of V. dahliae are available, but functional characterization of most genes has just begun. Based on our previous comparison of the transcriptome from the wild-type and ΔVdCf2 strains, a significant upregulation of the gene cassette, Vd276-280, in the ΔVdCf2 strain was observed. In this study, the functional characterization of the Vd276-280 gene cassette was performed. Agrobacterium-mediated knockout of this gene cassette in V. dahliae significantly inhibited conidiation, melanized microsclerotium formation in the mutant strains, and their virulence toward cotton. Furthermore, deletion of individual genes in the Vd276-280 gene cassette identified that the disruption of VDAG_07276 and VDAG_07280 delayed microsclerotium formation, inhibited conidiation, and reduced virulence toward cotton. Our data suggest that VDAG_07276 and VDAG_07280 in the Vd276-280 gene cassette mainly act as positive regulators of development and virulence in V. dahliae.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO11230426R"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotypic and Phenotypic Analyses Show Ralstonia solanacearum Cool Virulence Is a Quantitative Trait Not Restricted to "Race 3 Biovar 2". 基因型和表型分析表明，Ralstonia solanacearum 冷却毒性是一种数量性状，并不局限于 "Race 3 biovar 2"。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0187-R

Ronnie J Dewberry, Parul Sharma, Jessica L Prom, Noah A Kinscherf, Tiffany Lowe-Power, Reza Mazloom, Xuemei Zhang, Haijie Liu, Mohammad Arif, Michael Stulberg, Lenwood S Heath, Kellye Eversole, Gwyn A Beattie, Boris A Vinatzer, Caitilyn Allen

{"title":"Genotypic and Phenotypic Analyses Show Ralstonia solanacearum Cool Virulence Is a Quantitative Trait Not Restricted to \"Race 3 Biovar 2\".","authors":"Ronnie J Dewberry, Parul Sharma, Jessica L Prom, Noah A Kinscherf, Tiffany Lowe-Power, Reza Mazloom, Xuemei Zhang, Haijie Liu, Mohammad Arif, Michael Stulberg, Lenwood S Heath, Kellye Eversole, Gwyn A Beattie, Boris A Vinatzer, Caitilyn Allen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0187-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0187-R","url":null,"abstract":"Most Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains cause bacterial wilts in tropical or subtropical zones, but the group known as race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) is cool virulent and causes potato brown rot at lower temperatures. R3bv2 has invaded potato-growing regions around the world but is not established in the United States. Phylogenetically, R3bv2 corresponds to a subset of the R. solanacearum phylotype IIB clade, but little is known about the distribution of the cool virulence phenotype within phylotype IIB. Therefore, genomes of 76 potentially cool virulent phylotype IIB strains and 30 public genomes were phylogenetically analyzed. A single clonal lineage within the sequevar 1 subclade of phylotype IIB that originated in South America has caused nearly all brown rot outbreaks worldwide. To correlate genotypes with relevant phenotypes, we quantified virulence of 10 Ralstonia strains on tomato and potato at both 22 and 28°C. Cool virulence on tomato did not predict cool virulence on potato. We found that cool virulence is a quantitative trait. Strains in the sequevar 1 pandemic clonal lineage caused the most disease, whereas other R3bv2 strains were only moderately cool virulent. However, some non-R3bv2 strains were highly cool virulent and aggressively colonized potato tubers. Thus, cool virulence is not consistently correlated with strains historically classified as the R3bv2 group. To aid in the detection of sequevar 1 strains, this group was genomically delimited in the LINbase web server, and a sequevar 1 diagnostic primer pair was developed and validated. We discuss implications of these results for the R3bv2 definition.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO06240187R"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A qPCR Assay for the Quantification of the Overwintering Chasmothecia of Erysiphe necator in Grapevine Bark.

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0126-R

Othmane Taibi, Margherita Furiosi, Maela León, Elisa González-Domínguez, Vittorio Rossi, Mónica Berbegal

{"title":"A qPCR Assay for the Quantification of the Overwintering Chasmothecia of Erysiphe necator in Grapevine Bark.","authors":"Othmane Taibi, Margherita Furiosi, Maela León, Elisa González-Domínguez, Vittorio Rossi, Mónica Berbegal","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0126-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0126-R","url":null,"abstract":"Powdery mildew (PM) disease causes serious losses in Mediterranean vineyards, where suitable environmental conditions promote conidial infections. The frequency and intensity of these infections are directly linked to the amount of primary Erysiphe necator inoculum, i.e., the chasmothecia embedded in the trunk. In this study, we set up a protocol to extract and quantify E. necator chasmothecia in grapevine bark samples based on a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. Moreover, we observed PM severity and ascocarp production on leaves in the first season and primary infection in the following season in different grapevine cvs. with known PM susceptibility levels. The qPCR analysis showed a significant relationship between E. necator DNA concentration in bark samples and primary infection (R2 = 0.970) and disease severity development (R2 = 0.776), as well as chasmothecia development on leaves (R2 = 0.455). The results demonstrate that this methodology can be used for quantifying chasmothecia, improving current methods based on visual counting, proving the interrelationships between PM epidemics and chasmothecia, as well as refining PM disease prediction models and subsequent fungicide application. Rapid and easy quantification of ascosporic inoculum will greatly facilitate the reconciliation of control actions to the risks posed by greatly differing levels of ascosporic inoculum.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Vector of Xylella fastidiosa: The Role of Mesoptyelus impictifrons as a Vector in Israel. Xylella fastidiosa 的新病媒：Mesoptyelus impictifrons 在以色列的病媒作用。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0111-SC

Maor Tomer, Liat Gidron-Heinemann, Elad Chiel, Rakefet Sharon

{"title":"A New Vector of Xylella fastidiosa: The Role of Mesoptyelus impictifrons as a Vector in Israel.","authors":"Maor Tomer, Liat Gidron-Heinemann, Elad Chiel, Rakefet Sharon","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0111-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0111-SC","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa has been spreading in almond orchards (causing almond leaf scorch) and in grapevines (causing Pierce's disease) in northern Israel. Sucking insects specialized for xylem sap-feeding transmit this plant pathogen, but the identity of the vector(s) in Israel has not been determined. Hence, we sought to determine the main potential vector(s) of X. fastidiosa in Israel. In our surveys in northern Israel, we collected and identified four species of spittlebugs: Neophilaenus campestris, Philaenus arslani, Cercopis intermedia, and Mesoptyelus impictifrons. The first two species were found in very low numbers. C. intermedia was found only in spring and did not transmit X. fastidiosa in controlled experiments. M. impictifrons was the most abundant and widely distributed species in our survey and was found in and around infected vineyards in northern Israel. In controlled experiments, we found that 35 to 39% of M. impictifrons adults acquire X. fastidiosa from infected vines and almonds and subsequently transmit it to vines and almonds. Taken together, this study suggests that M. impictifrons is an important new vector of X. fastidiosa in almond orchards and vineyards in northern Israel. Further studies are needed on M. impictifrons' biology, ecology, and role as a vector of X. fastidiosa.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO04240111SC"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0