PhytopathologyPub Date : 2025-08-02DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0063-R
Aline Daniele Tassi, Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Carlos H W Flechtmann, James W Amrine, Ali Sarkhosh, Juliana Freitas-Astua, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, João Paulo Rodrigues Marques, Philip F Harmon, Daniel Carrillo
{"title":"Eriophyid Mites Vector the Kitavirus Blueberry Necrotic Ring Blotch Virus: Insights into the Viral Transmission and Its Infection on Blueberry Plants.","authors":"Aline Daniele Tassi, Pedro Luis Ramos-González, Carlos H W Flechtmann, James W Amrine, Ali Sarkhosh, Juliana Freitas-Astua, Elliot Watanabe Kitajima, João Paulo Rodrigues Marques, Philip F Harmon, Daniel Carrillo","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0063-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0063-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Blunerviruses, family <i>Kitaviridae</i>, infect and cause diseases of important crop plants, including tomato, tea, and blueberry. Despite their economic importance, the epidemiology of blunerviruses and the mechanisms of plant-to-plant transmission remain largely unknown. In 2006, the blunervirus blueberry necrotic ring blotch virus (BNRBV, <i>Blunervirus vaccinii</i>) was detected in Florida, United States, causing disease on blueberry plants and tentatively linked to an eriophyid mite vector. To gain insights into plant-virus interaction and plant-to-plant transmission of BNRBV, in this study, we investigated sap transmission and the potential vector of blueberry-infesting eriophyid and <i>Brevipalpus</i> mites collected in Florida during 2022 and 2023. Although kitaviruses are vectored by several species of <i>Brevipalpus</i> mites, our experiments revealed a distinct vector for BNRBV. Both mite types acquired the virus, but only viruliferous eriophyids of the species <i>Calacarus corymbosi</i>, described for the first time in this work, transmitted the virus. Assays for BNRBV mechanical transmission were unsuccessful. This study marks the first demonstration of a characterized pathogen vectored by a mite in the genus <i>Calacarus</i> within kitavirus. Upon transmission by the eriophyid mite, BNRBV caused characteristic local necrotic ring blotch symptoms in blueberry leaves, and the virus was detected in symptomatic tissues and also in roots, but only at 6 months after inoculation, suggesting restricted or inefficient long-distance movement of the virus within the plant. This paper introduces a model for investigating the transmission of blunerviruses, a rapidly growing group of plant viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02250063R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144045252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhytopathologyPub Date : 2025-08-02DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0027-R
Jill C Check, Janette L Jacobs, Peyton J Phillips, Emily M Roggenkamp, Jaime Willbur, Martin I Chilvers
{"title":"Unraveling the Environmental Drivers of <i>Phyllachora maydis</i> Spore Release and Dispersal Using Spore Trapping and qPCR.","authors":"Jill C Check, Janette L Jacobs, Peyton J Phillips, Emily M Roggenkamp, Jaime Willbur, Martin I Chilvers","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0027-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0027-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phyllachora maydis</i>, the causal agent of tar spot of corn, is an emerging disease in the United States and Canada. This study aimed to improve our understanding of <i>P. maydis</i> spore release and dispersal by utilizing spore trapping and quantitative PCR to assess the relationship between spore capture and environmental conditions. Burkard and rotating-arm air samplers were deployed in Michigan corn fields with natural disease pressure from 2021 to 2023. Correlation analysis and mixed-effects logistic regression were applied to examine the impact of environmental factors on spore capture. Through an exhaustive screening of candidate logistic regression models, results indicated that spore quantity is significantly negatively correlated with daily summaries of minimum temperature (<i>P</i> < 0.05, τ = -0.24), mean temperature (<i>P</i> < 0.05, τ = -0.25), maximum precipitation rate (<i>P</i> < 0.05, τ = -0.33), and durations of temperature between 16.6 to 23°C and relative humidity over 85% (<i>P</i> < 0.001, τ = -0.27). Logistic regression models frequently incorporated temperature and humidity predictors, and the best performing model used daily averages of mean temperature and maximum humidity to discriminate between the presence and absence of spore detection, achieving a balanced accuracy of 85%. Across all site-years, spore traps did not detect <i>P. maydis</i> spores prior to the visible detection of tar spot symptoms but did detect spores before tar spot incidence reached 100%. Through this study, the environmental drivers of spore release and dispersal were described to fill current knowledge gaps in the tar spot disease cycle. Additionally, a methodology for the capture and molecular quantification of airborne <i>P</i>. <i>maydis</i> spores is described, which will benefit future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO01250027R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhytopathologyPub Date : 2025-08-02DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0377-R
Elizabeth J Trevenen, Rodrigo N Pires, Stanley Mastrantonis, Michael Renton
{"title":"Could Canola Canopy Architecture Affect Pathogen Infection by Impacting Flower Accumulation on Branches?","authors":"Elizabeth J Trevenen, Rodrigo N Pires, Stanley Mastrantonis, Michael Renton","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0377-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0377-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>, a fungal pathogen of canola (<i>Brassica napus</i>), can cause yield losses exceeding 20%. An important route for disease is through infected flowers falling and accumulating on branches, which act as a source of inoculum to infect the stems, resulting in stem rot, wilting, plant collapse, and, ultimately, yield loss. The branching architecture of canola may affect <i>Sclerotinia</i> infection by affecting flower accumulation in canopies; however, our understanding of this effect is limited. This study explored how changing canola canopy architecture affected <i>Sclerotinia</i> infection rates via flower fall within a simulated field setting. To investigate this, we created a new static structural model coupled with a novel model of flower fall that accounts for wind conditions. Upright architectures resulted in increased infection by positioning more flowers above axils, which increased flower accumulation on branches, whereas outstretched branching reduced infection by positioning fewer flowers above axils. However, no single architecture consistently resulted in the lowest infection rate across a range of wind conditions. The coupled functional-structural model helped dissect the effects of wind, crop plant architecture, number of infected flowers, and planting density on fungal infection in canola fields. This research suggests that manipulating plant architecture through lowering planting density or breeding could offer a simple and cost-effective strategy to help reduce <i>Sclerotinia</i> infection in canola fields. The results may have broader application to other crops for which infected flowers can act as a source of inoculum for stem disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO11240377R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhytopathologyPub Date : 2025-08-02DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0008-FI
Kaique S Alves, Denis A Shah, Hellen R Dillard, Emerson M Del Ponte, Sarah J Pethybridge
{"title":"Safer and Smarter: Leveraging Interpretation-Guided Modeling and Data Merging of Disease and Environmental Data for Plant Disease Risk Prediction.","authors":"Kaique S Alves, Denis A Shah, Hellen R Dillard, Emerson M Del Ponte, Sarah J Pethybridge","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0008-FI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0008-FI","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant disease epidemiologists often work with datasets smaller than ideal for data-hungry machine learning (ML) algorithms, thereby risking overfitting. We demonstrate how an interpretation-guided modeling approach, leveraging complex ML primarily for insight generation, can overcome this challenge, using white mold (caused by <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>) in snap beans (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>) as a case study. An observational dataset of white mold prevalence across 356 commercial snap bean fields in central and western New York State (2006-2008) was augmented by merging georeferenced observations with POLARIS soils data and engineered features from downscaled ERA5-Land environmental data. Functional data analysis identified weather periods associated with white mold risk, and random forests (RF), used interpretatively, identified key predictors. While RF models showed high apparent performance, they exhibited significant overfitting and poor calibration. Insights from RF interpretation (via SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis) guided the development of a simpler, four-predictor logistic regression model using restricted cubic splines. This simpler model was better calibrated and had acceptable discrimination (internally-validated C-statistic = 0.77). For smaller epidemiological datasets, our results advocate using ML primarily as an interpretive tool to guide the development of simpler, less data-intensive, yet robust predictive models better suited for practical disease management decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhytopathologyPub Date : 2025-08-02DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0213-R
Feng Zhou, Yan Jiao, Xiaoli Zhou, Sichao Xu, Sheng Zhang, Zhenkang Li, Zhi Yang, Tiantian Qiao, Chengwei Li, Runqiang Liu
{"title":"Trifloxystrobin Resistance Mechanisms in <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>melonis</i>.","authors":"Feng Zhou, Yan Jiao, Xiaoli Zhou, Sichao Xu, Sheng Zhang, Zhenkang Li, Zhi Yang, Tiantian Qiao, Chengwei Li, Runqiang Liu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0213-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0213-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melon Fusarium wilt (MFW) is a soilborne disease caused by the ascomycete fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>melonis</i> (<i>Fom</i>), which causes serious damage throughout the entire growth cycle of its hosts. However, the novel strobilurin fungicide, trifloxystrobin, has been shown to exhibit high activity against <i>F. oxysporum</i>. To date, potential resistance mechanisms to trifloxystrobin are poorly understood, so the current study evaluated four stable laboratory mutants of <i>Fom</i> with high levels of resistance. Compared with their parental isolates, the fitness of the resistant mutants was found to be dramatically increased, with a significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) increase in mycelial growth and spore production and germination, as well as an increase in pathogenicity. Molecular analysis of the <i>FOMG_03348</i> gene, which encodes a putative mitochondrial cytochrome b protein in <i>Fom</i>, identified seven amino acid changes (T20I, G70S, S140P, S142A, Q144E, M162I, and S179R) that were conserved in the sequences of all the resistant mutants. In addition, significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.05) different patterns of <i>FOMG_03348</i> expression were detected, which resulted in the down-regulation of the gene in both the absence and presence of trifloxystrobin in all of the mutants compared with their parental isolates. However, no evidence of cross-resistance was found between trifloxystrobin and the DMI fungicides flutriafol, prochloraz, and tebuconazole. Furthermore, negative cross-resistance was observed with carbendazim and fluazinam, and only a moderate positive correlation with fludioxonil. These results provide new insight into potential trifloxystrobin resistance mechanisms in <i>F. oxysporum</i>, as well as data that might improve fungicide strategies for more effective control of MFW in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO07240213R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhytopathologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0009-R
Eva Garcia, Alexandra K Kahn, Cristina Rodrigues, Alexandra Camelo, Christophe Espírito-Santo, Helvecio D Coletta-Filho, Rodrigo P P Almeida, Joana Costa
{"title":"Isolation, Phylogenetic Inferences, and Early Diversification of <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>fastidiosa</i> in Cova da Beira Region, Portugal.","authors":"Eva Garcia, Alexandra K Kahn, Cristina Rodrigues, Alexandra Camelo, Christophe Espírito-Santo, Helvecio D Coletta-Filho, Rodrigo P P Almeida, Joana Costa","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0009-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0009-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The introduction of <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>, a plant pathogen with a broad host range, poses a significant threat to agriculture and natural ecosystems. We analyzed six <i>X. fastidiosa</i> subsp. <i>fastidiosa</i> strains obtained from the Beira Interior region of Portugal, an area known for fruit production. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed to genetically characterize these strains and determine their origin. The results suggest that these outbreak-demarcated areas originated from a single introduction event traced back to California, United States. All six strains belong to subspecies <i>fastidiosa</i>, sequence type 1, which has been reported to infect a variety of economically important crops, including cherry, plum, almond, and grapevine. A molecular clock analysis estimated that the introduction occurred between 2010 and 2020 (95% highest posterior density 1999 to 2022), with the strains forming a clade that diverged circa 2020. The findings underscore the importance of continued surveillance in both agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems, as the presence and potential impact of <i>X. fastidiosa</i> on Portuguese landscapes remain largely unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO01250009R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exogenous Brassinosteroids Enhance Host Resistance to <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> Through Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis and Photosynthesis Improvement in <i>Oryza sativa</i>.","authors":"Kejin Chu, Jiejing Dong, Hongyu Li, Changjiang Zhao","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0322-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0322-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential in regulating plant growth and development and response to stress. However, there are few reports on the mechanism of BRs regulating rice resistance to necrotrophic fungus. In this study, rice seedlings were pretreated with BR hormone and its synthetic inhibitor brassinazole and inoculated with <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> to analyze the reactive oxygen species (ROS), photosynthetic indices, and expression of phytohormone signal components and defense-related genes in rice leaves during pathogen infection. BR treatment significantly decreased the lesion area, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of antioxidant substances, and decreased the contents of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. At the same time, BR treatment enhanced the photosynthetic pigment content and Fv/Fm (maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII) value of rice seedlings. In addition, BR treatment can cause high expression of endogenous BR synthesis and decomposition genes and signal transduction genes, cooperate with salicylic acid, and antagonize jasmonic acid signal gene expression. The structural equation analysis of tested indices uncovered first that a high BR level stimulated the BR signal transduction pathway to regulate photosynthesis and ROS homeostasis through ROS signaling, thereby enhancing the resistance of rice seedlings to <i>R. solani</i>. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of BR analog chemical regulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO10240322R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhytopathologyPub Date : 2025-08-01DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0366-SC
Martha A Sudermann, Gia Khuong Hoang Hua, Elizabeth G Kurth, Jared M LeBoldus, Jeff H Chang, Jeremiah K S Dung
{"title":"Treatment with the Antimicrobial Product Diallyl Disulfide Is Associated with Major Changes to Soil Microbiota.","authors":"Martha A Sudermann, Gia Khuong Hoang Hua, Elizabeth G Kurth, Jared M LeBoldus, Jeff H Chang, Jeremiah K S Dung","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0366-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-24-0366-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products derived from <i>Allium</i> spp., such as garlic oil, garlic powder, and diallyl disulfide (DADS), are strong elicitors of sclerotia germination in the fungus <i>Sclerotium cepivorum</i> (syn. <i>Stromatinia cepivora</i>), the causal agent of Allium white rot. However, these compounds can also have broad antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria, oomycetes, and other fungi when they are applied to soil. The objective of this study was to determine the potential impacts that DADS application has on soil microbial communities. DADS was applied to two soil types and incubated under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Metabarcodes for bacterial, fungal, and oomycete communities were analyzed to identify changes. A significant effect of DADS treatment on the overall compositions of bacterial, fungal, and oomycete communities was observed compared with the mock-treated control. Soil type and incubation conditions did not have a significant effect on soil microbial communities, and significant interactions were not observed with DADS treatment in this study. Potential changes in soil microbial communities should be considered when applying DADS to field soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO11240366SC"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144007685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhytopathologyPub Date : 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0064-R
Mehdi Kamali Dashtarzhaneh, Li Liu, Zahra Pegahrad, Valentina Valencia Bernal, Ke Du, Fatemeh Khodadadi
{"title":"Detection and Quantification of Avocado Sunblotch Viroid in California Avocado Orchards Using Digital Loop-Mediated Amplification and Droplet Digital PCR.","authors":"Mehdi Kamali Dashtarzhaneh, Li Liu, Zahra Pegahrad, Valentina Valencia Bernal, Ke Du, Fatemeh Khodadadi","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0064-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0064-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) poses a significant threat to California's avocado industry. Early and accurate detection is crucial for disease management, but traditional detection methods lack sensitivity, highlighting the need for advanced molecular techniques. This study developed and validated a novel digital LAMP (dLAMP) assay for sensitive ASBVd detection, comparing its performance with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in California avocado orchards during the 2023 to 2024 season. Sixty-four samples of leaves, fruits, and flowers were collected from eight orchards across major California avocado-producing counties (Ventura, San Diego, Riverside), including symptomatic and surrounding asymptomatic trees (<i>n</i> = 33), as well as individual and pooled samples. Whereas RT-LAMP assays encountered inconsistencies, dLAMP and ddPCR proved effective for ASBVd detection. dLAMP assays, using various pooling strategies with serially diluted leaf and fruit samples, demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 × 10<sup>-3</sup> ng/µl for RNA template. Pooling positive samples with negative ones increased the LOD, highlighting the potential impact of high-rate pooling on assay sensitivity. ddPCR demonstrated high sensitivity, detecting ASBVd down to 0.31 copies/µl, with varying copy numbers across tissues (fruits > leaves > flowers). dLAMP and ddPCR assays showed comparable ASBVd detection rates in orchard samples, with approximately 31 to 33% positivity (20/64 for dLAMP and 21/64 for ddPCR). These findings demonstrate the potential of dLAMP and ddPCR for sensitive and specific ASBVd detection and quantification in avocado orchards, providing valuable tools for disease surveillance, management, and insights into viroid distribution within California.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02250064R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}