Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"A New Vector of <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: The Role of <i>Mesoptyelus impictifrons</i> as a Vector in Israel.","authors":"Maor Tomer, Liat Gidron-Heinemann, Elad Chiel, Rakefet Sharon","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0111-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0111-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, the bacterium <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> has been spreading in almond orchards (causing almond leaf scorch) and in grapevines (causing Pierce's disease) in northern Israel. Sucking insects specialized for xylem sap-feeding transmit this plant pathogen, but the identity of the vector(s) in Israel has not been determined. Hence, we sought to determine the main potential vector(s) of <i>X. fastidiosa</i> in Israel. In our surveys in northern Israel, we collected and identified four species of spittlebugs: <i>Neophilaenus campestris</i>, <i>Philaenus arslani</i>, <i>Cercopis intermedia</i>, and <i>Mesoptyelus impictifrons</i>. The first two species were found in very low numbers. <i>C. intermedia</i> was found only in spring and did not transmit <i>X. fastidiosa</i> in controlled experiments. <i>M. impictifrons</i> was the most abundant and widely distributed species in our survey and was found in and around infected vineyards in northern Israel. In controlled experiments, we found that 35 to 39% of <i>M. impictifrons</i> adults acquire <i>X. fastidiosa</i> from infected vines and almonds and subsequently transmit it to vines and almonds. Taken together, this study suggests that <i>M. impictifrons</i> is an important new vector of <i>X. fastidiosa</i> in almond orchards and vineyards in northern Israel. Further studies are needed on <i>M. impictifrons</i>' biology, ecology, and role as a vector of <i>X. fastidiosa</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO04240111SC"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis Reveals a Potential Role of Saponins in the Partial Resistance of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Against a Root Rot Pathogen, <i>Aphanomyces euteiches</i>.","authors":"Ravinder K Goyal, Joseph P M Hui, Jeffrey Ranches, Roumiana Stefanova, Alysson Jones, Arjun H Banskota, Ian Burton, Bianyun Yu, Fabrice Berrue, Albert Hannig, Shawn Clark, Syama Chatterton, Sangeeta Dhaubhadel, Junzeng Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0151-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0151-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In soilborne diseases, the plant-pathogen interaction begins as soon as the seed germinates and develops into a seedling. <i>Aphanomyces euteiches</i>, an oomycete, stays dormant in soil and is activated by sensing the host through chemical signals present in the root exudates. The composition of plant exudates may, thus, play an important role during the early phase of infection. To better understand the role of root exudates in plant resistance, we investigated the interaction between partially resistant lines (PI660736 and PI557500) and susceptible pea cultivars (CDC Meadow and AAC Chrome) against <i>A. euteiches</i> during the pre-invasion phase. The root exudates of the two sets of cultivars clearly differed from each other in inducing oospore germination. PI557500 root exudate not only had diminished induction but also inhibited the oospore germination. The contrast between the root exudates of resistant and susceptible cultivars was reflected in their metabolic profiles. Data from fractionation and oospore germination inhibitory experiments identified a group of saponins that accumulated differentially in susceptible and resistant cultivars. We detected 56 saponins and quantified 44 of them in pea root and 30 from root exudate; the majority of them, especially soyasaponin I and dehydrosoyasaponin I with potent in vitro inhibitory activities, were present in significantly higher amounts in both roots and root exudates of PI660736 and PI557500 compared with Meadow and Chrome. Our results provide evidence for saponins as deterrents against <i>A. euteiches</i>, which might have contributed to the resistance against root rot in the studied pea cultivars. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 His Majesty the King in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada and the National Research Council of Canada. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2502-2514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Capacity of High-Resolution Commercial Satellite Imagery for Grapevine Downy Mildew Detection and Surveillance in New York State.","authors":"Kathleen Kanaley, David B Combs, Angela Paul, Yu Jiang, Terry Bates, Kaitlin M Gold","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0432-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0432-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Grapevine downy mildew (GDM), caused by the oomycete <i>Plasmopara viticola</i>, can cause 100% yield loss and vine death under conducive conditions. High-resolution multispectral satellite platforms offer the opportunity to track rapidly spreading diseases such as GDM over large, heterogeneous fields. Here, we investigated the capacity of PlanetScope (3 m) and SkySat (50 cm) imagery for season-long GDM detection and surveillance. A team of trained scouts rated GDM severity and incidence at a research vineyard in Geneva, New York, from June to August 2020, 2021, and 2022. Satellite imagery acquired within 72 h of scouting was processed to extract single-band reflectance and vegetation indices (VIs). Random forest models trained on spectral bands and VIs from both image datasets could classify areas of high and low GDM incidence and severity with maximum accuracies of 0.85 (SkySat) and 0.92 (PlanetScope). However, we did not observe significant differences between VIs of high and low damage classes until late July to early August. We identified cloud cover, image co-registration, and low spectral resolution as key challenges to operationalizing satellite-based GDM surveillance. This work establishes the capacity of spaceborne multispectral sensors to detect late-stage GDM and outlines steps toward incorporating satellite remote sensing in grapevine disease surveillance systems. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2536-2545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effectiveness and molecular mechanisms of thiamin priming to control early blight disease in potato.","authors":"Trenton W Berrian, Matthew L Fabian, Conner J Rogan, Jeffrey C Anderson, Christopher R Clarke, Aymeric J Goyer","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0277-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0277-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In several plant species, thiamin foliar application primes plant immunity and can be effective in controlling various diseases. However, the effectiveness of thiamin against potato pathogens has seldom been investigated. Additionally, the transcriptomics and metabolomics of immune priming by thiamin have not previously been investigated. Here, we tested the effect of thiamin application against <i>Alternaria solani</i>, the causal agent of early blight in potato, and identified associated changes in gene expression and metabolite content. Thiamin applied on foliage at an optimal concentration of 10 mM reduced lesion size by ~33%. However, prevention of lesion growth was temporally limited, as a reduction of lesion size occurred when leaves were inoculated 4 h, but not 24 h, following thiamin treatment. Additionally, the effect of thiamin on lesion size was restricted to the application site and was not systemic. RNA-seq analysis showed that thiamin affected the expression of 308 genes involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid, secondary metabolites, fatty acid, chitin, and primary metabolism, and photosynthesis, which were also amongst the thousands of genes differentially regulated in the response to pathogen alone. Several of these genes and pathways were more differentially expressed and enriched when thiamin and the pathogen were combined. Thiamin also delayed the downregulation of photosynthesis-associated genes in plants inoculated with <i>A. solani</i>. Metabolite analyses revealed that thiamin treatment in the absence of pathogen decreased the amounts of several organic compounds involved in the citric acid cycle. We hypothesize that thiamin primes plant defenses through perturbation of primary metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geostatistical modelling improves prediction of <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> abundance and distribution in soybean fields.","authors":"Sandip Mondal, Emile Gluck-Thaler, Cristhian J Grabowski Ocampos, Enrique Hahn Villalba, Terry L Niblack, Aida L Orrego Fuente, Lidia M Pedrozo, Timothy I Ralston, Laura C Soilan, Horacio D Lopez-Nicora","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0139-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0139-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Charcoal rot, caused by the soilborne fungus <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> (Mp) poses a serious threat to soybean health and harvests at a global scale. Mp exhibits varying distribution patterns across fields, which complicates our ability to predict disease occurrences and outbreaks. Therefore, determining the spatial distribution of Mp abundance and its relation with soil physicochemical properties would help to inform precision management decisions for mitigating charcoal rot. To achieve this, Mp colony forming units (CFU) and edaphic properties were evaluated in 297 soybean fields located in the main soybean growing regions across 7 Departments of Paraguay. A pattern of decreasing CFU density was observed from the south-eastern to the western part of the country. While several edaphic factors are positively correlated with Mp CFU, pH showed a significant negative correlation with CFU. Both spatial and non-spatial model suggest that cation exchange capacity, percentage of clay, and pH could be potential predictors of Mp CFU abundance. Including spatial dependence of edaphic factors improved the prediction of Mp CFU more effectively than classical statistical models. We demonstrated that the occurrence of Mp shows a significant spatial clustering pattern as indicated by Moran's I. Our findings will help growers and policy-makers make informed decisions for managing Mp by improving our ability to predict which agricultural fields and soils are at greatest risk for charcoal rot.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> infection on <i>Brassica rapa</i> through host-induced gene silencing of two secreted genes.","authors":"Hui Yang, Yihan Zhang, Yushan Zhao, Yinping Shu, Yushu Xu, Yi Liu, Junbo Du, Wenming Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0334-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0334-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clubroot disease caused by the biotrophic pathogen <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>, is one of the most serious threats to cruciferous crops production worldwide. <i>P. brassicae</i> is known for rapid adaptive evolution to overcome resistance in varieties. It is urgent to establish alternative management to control <i>P. brassicae</i>. In this study, we identified two <i>P. brassicae</i> secretory proteins that were up-regulated during infection and effected plant defense. We established a method for transient expression in the roots of seedlings and demonstrated that <i>P. brassicae</i> could take up substances from the environment of root cells. Using a RNA interference (RNAi)-based host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) by expression of hairpin RNAi constructs with sequence homology to <i>P. brassicae</i> effector <i>Pb48</i> or <i>Pb52</i> in susceptible <i>Brassica rapa</i> plants enhanced host disease resistance. After silencing these two effectors, the transcription levels of cytokinin biosynthesis gene <i>IPT1</i> and the regulation gene of auxin homeostasis <i>GH3.5</i> were down-regulated. These results suggested that RNAi-based HIGS of effectors has a great practical application of improving crop resistance against <i>P. brassicae</i> and can contribute to environmentally sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity and genome-wide association studies of resistance to bacterial wilt disease in potato.","authors":"Lilian A Okiro, Richard M Mulwa, Maurice E Oyoo, Pascal P Okwiri Ojwang, Susan A Otieno, Paola Gaiero, Guilherme da Silva Pereira, Thiago Mendes","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0188-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0188-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of novel improved varieties adapted to unstable environmental conditions is possible through the genetic diversity of breeding materials. Potato is among the most important food crops worldwide, however, there are still significant hindrances to breeding gains attributed to its autotetraploid and highly heterozygous genome. Bacterial wilt caused by the <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> species complex (RSSC) is an important disease affecting potato among many economically important crops worldwide. No cultivated potato genotypes have shown a satisfactory level of resistance to bacterial wilt. Nevertheless, resistance can play a crucial role in effective integrated disease management. To understand the genetic landscape of bacterial wilt resistance in cultivated potato, we evaluated the diversity of 194 accessions from the International Potato Centre (CIP) using 9,250 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their associations to the response to bacterial wilt disease evaluated over two independent trials. Twenty-four accessions showed high resistance throughout both trials. Genetic diversity analysis revealed three major clusters whose subgroups were mostly represented by CIP clones derived from common parents. Genome-wide association analyses have shown six major hits: two on chromosome 8, and one on each chromosome 2, 4, 5, and 9. These results facilitate genetic dissection of bacterial wilt resistance and marker-enabled breeding in elite genotypes for potato breeding initiatives.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trehalose biosynthetic genes are involved in the development and pathogenesis in the poplar canker fungus <i>Cytospora chrysosperma</i>.","authors":"Siying Xu, Quansheng Li, Haojie Jin, Aining Li, Yonglin Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0160-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0160-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poplar Cytospora canker, caused by <i>Cytospora chrysosperma</i>, is one of the most destructive and widespread poplar diseases worldwide, especially in northern China. However, our current understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms remains limited. Here, we showed that trehalose biosynthetic genes, such as trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (Tps1), trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (Tps2), and the regulatory subunit (Tps3), play important roles in the development and virulence of <i>C. chrysosperma</i>. The targeted deletion mutants showed reduced trehalose synthesis and were defective in hyphal growth and conidiation. Deletion of any of the three genes attenuated virulence in poplar twigs and stronger poplar defense responses were triggered once inoculated by the mutants. Additionally, the mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to H₂O₂ and cell wall stressors. Taken together, the finding suggests that trehalose biosynthetic genes contribute to fungal development, stress responses, and full virulence in <i>C. chrysosperma</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Seedling and Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance Genes in the Durum Wheat Cultivar Strongfield and Other <i>Triticum turgidum</i> Lines.","authors":"Firdissa E Bokore, Kerry Boyle, Yuefeng Ruan, Curt A McCartney, Colin W Hiebert, Ron E Knox, Xiangyu Pei, Elsa Reimer, Karim Ammar, Wentao Zhang, Pierre Fobert, Richard D Cuthbert, Samia Berraies, Brent D McCallum","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0348-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0348-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Durum wheat (<i>Triticum turgidum</i>) is threatened by the appearance of new virulent races of leaf rust, caused by <i>Puccinia triticina</i>, in recent years. This study was conducted to determine the leaf rust resistance in a modern Canadian durum cultivar, Strongfield. Six populations derived from crosses of Strongfield with six tetraploid wheat lines, respectively, were tested at the seedling plant stage with different <i>P. triticina</i> races. Two of the populations were evaluated for adult plant leaf rust infection in Canada and Mexico. A stepwise regression joint linkage quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and analysis by MapQTL were performed. Strongfield contributed the majority of QTLs detected, contributing seven QTLs detected in field tests and eight QTLs conditioning seedling resistance. A 1B QTL, <i>QLr-Spa-1B.1</i>, from Strongfield had a significant effect in both Canadian and Mexican field tests and corresponded with <i>Lr46</i>/<i>Yr29</i>. The remaining field QTLs were found in only the Canadian or the Mexican environment, not both. The QTL from Strongfield on 3A, <i>QLr-Spa-3A</i>, conferred seedling resistance to all races tested and had a significant effect in the field in Canada. This is the first report of <i>QLr-Spa-3A</i> and <i>Lr46</i>/<i>Yr29</i> as key components of genetic resistance in Canadian durum wheat. KASP markers were developed to detect <i>QLr-Spa-3A</i> for use in marker-assisted leaf rust resistance breeding. The susceptible parental lines contributed QTLs on 1A, 2B, and 5B that were effective in Mexican field tests and may be good targets to integrate into modern durum varieties to improve resistance to new durum virulent races.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2401-2411"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141627427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Accelerated Plant Breeding Pipelines: Screening to Evaluate Lima Bean Resistance to Root-Knot Nematode in Diverse Inbred Lines and Segregating Breeding Populations.","authors":"Eboni R Traverso, Emmalea G Ernest, Isabel B Emanuel, Alyssa K Betts","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0441-KC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0441-KC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lima beans (<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i>) are a cornerstone crop of Delaware's processing vegetable industry. Root-knot nematodes (RKNs; <i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.) cause galling of root systems, which severely reduces yield. Durable host resistance is an effective management strategy for RKNs, but availability of resistant lima bean cultivars is limited. To overcome these challenges, breeding pipelines must simultaneously advance precommercial lines and identify new resistance sources with potential for incorporation into the breeding program. Inoculated field trials were conducted in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate three <i>M. incognita</i>-resistant, precommercial experimental lines for resistance traits and yield potential in comparison with commercial standards 'Cypress' and 'C-Elite Select'. DE1306635 had the highest yield and reduced galling and reproduction compared with 'Cypress' and is a candidate for commercial release. To continue the breeding pipeline, 256 lima bean inbred accessions from around the world were assessed from 2022 to 2023 in greenhouse and field screenings to identify novel sources of resistance in the lima bean gene pool. This method allows for evaluation and/or advancement of three generations per year. The full panel was initially evaluated for root galling, and 60 accessions were selected for additional field and greenhouse screening: 25 large- and 25 small-seeded with the lowest gall ratings, 5 high-gall controls, and 5 commercial standards. Seven accessions with reduced <i>M. incognita</i> galling and reproduction were identified, including two known resistant lines and five newly identified genotypes. The resistance carried by these genotypes will be further characterized to assess their potential use in lima bean RKN-resistance breeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2421-2430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}