Phytopathology最新文献

{"title":"Range-Wide Geographic Variation of Major Gene Resistance (<i>Cr</i>3) to White Pine Blister Rust in <i>Pinus strobiformis</i> (Southwestern White Pine).","authors":"Jeremy S Johnson, Evan Heck, Angelia Kegley, Thora Padilla, Gregory J Reynolds, Kristen M Waring, Christian Wehenkel, Nicholas Wilhelmi, Richard A Sniezko","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-26-0154-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-26-0154-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Southwestern white pine (<i>Pinus strobiformis</i>) is native to the United States and Mexico and is susceptible to the pathogen <i>Cronartium ribicola</i>, which causes the disease white pine blister rust. A major gene, <i>Cr</i>3, confers resistance to the disease. Although <i>Cr</i>3 has been observed at a low frequency in the periphery of the species range, its presence in the core of the range, in Mexico, is unknown, as are the frequency and geographic pattern of this resistance. We conducted one of the first range-wide assessments of resistance to white pine blister rust in a five-needle pine, evaluating 20,533 seedlings from 475 families over 10 years of monitoring. Patterns of Mendelian segregation within open-pollinated families were used to infer major gene resistance (MGR) genotypes of maternal parent trees and to estimate its geographic frequency. We identified up to 34 of the 475 parent trees as heterozygous for MGR. Four of the heterozygous parents were located within the core of the species range in Mexico. Range-wide, the estimated <i>Cr</i>3 frequency was 3% in zygotes and 2 to 4% in gametes, depending on trial type. The probability of being stem symptom free was more frequent in the northern and eastern portions of the range. These findings inform genetic conservation efforts and identify seed sources for further field testing and reforestation and restoration. Because much of the range lies in Mexico and has yet to be impacted by <i>C. ribicola</i>, these results provide a unique opportunity for proactive management in the face of a spreading disease. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 \"No Rights Reserved\" license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2026.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO05260154R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Phytophthora cactorum</i>: From Pathogen Biology to Disease Management.","authors":"Juliane Ferreira, Hans Rediers","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-26-0120-RVW","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-26-0120-RVW","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Phytophthora cactorum</i> is a versatile plant pathogen with a wide host spectrum causing substantial yield losses in various forest and agricultural systems, the most affected being apple, ginseng, and strawberry. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the biology and epidemiology of <i>P</i>. <i>cactorum</i> and presents an extensive overview of the available management strategies, including preventive measures, cultural practices, detection tools, and chemical and biological control. Beyond compiling existing data, this review also highlights emerging conceptual shifts in our understanding of <i>P</i>. <i>cactorum</i>, particularly the transition from viewing it as a single broadly infective generalist to recognizing the presence of partially specialized lineages with host- and organ-specific adaptations. We further link advances in molecular biology, including effector repertoire characterization, with practical implications for disease management in agricultural and nursery systems. By integrating insights across disciplines, we aim to establish a strong foundation for deciphering the mechanisms underlying pathogenicity and to support the development of more effective and sustainable management strategies. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO04260120RVW"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilocus-Derived Genetic Variability and Pathogenicity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> Species from the Mid-Atlantic United States Associated with Anthracnose in Pepper.","authors":"Vivian Bernal-Galeano, Catalina Salgado-Salazar, Christian A Wyenandt, John R Stommel, Christopher R Clarke","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-25-0371-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-25-0371-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Colletotrichum</i> species are important fungal pathogens that cause fruit rots leading to pre- and postharvest losses of a broad range of Solanaceae crops, including bell and non-bell pepper and fresh-market and processing tomato. We performed a phylogenetic and pathogenic characterization of <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates collected in the Mid-Atlantic United States from mature and immature <i>Capsicum annuum</i> and <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> fruits. A total of 149 <i>Colletotrichum</i> sp. isolates were obtained, distributed among 18 different <i>gapdh</i> locus-based haplotypes and 11 recognized <i>Colletotrichum</i> species according to a multilocus-based analysis. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that of 61 tested isolates, 59 were pathogenic on mature bell pepper (red) fruits under controlled conditions. <i>C. scovillei</i> isolates caused disease on immature bell pepper (green) fruits during artificial inoculations. Additionally, other selected <i>Colletotrichum</i> isolates displayed variable aggressiveness on mature pepper fruit. Represented among the pathogenic isolates, there were three species of <i>Colletotrichum</i> not yet reported as pathogens of <i>Capsicum</i> anywhere in the world: <i>C. melonis</i>, <i>C. changpingense</i>, and <i>C. chlorophyti</i>. Four additional <i>Colletotrichum</i> species, <i>C. fioriniae</i>, <i>C. aenigma</i>, <i>C. fructicola</i>, and <i>C. sojae</i>, are also reported for the first time causing disease on <i>Capsicum</i> spp. in the United States. These results demonstrate the extreme heterogeneity of <i>Colletotrichum</i> species causing fruit rot in immature and mature bell peppers and mature tomato in the Mid-Atlantic United States, as well as their pathogenic differences on pepper under controlled conditions. Accurate identification of the pathogenic species of <i>Colletotrichum</i> causing fruit rot is a critical step for making informed disease management decisions in pepper and tomato production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO11250371R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148797355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Population Genetics and Fludioxonil Sensitivity of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG-3 Subgroups from Potato and Tobacco in China.","authors":"Fenglu Wang, Rongsheng Wang, Mengxiao Liu, Xinchun Li, Tianbo Liu, Lijun Jia, Haiyan Mao, Kai Zhang, Qian Li, Xiangbo Guan, Chong Zhang, Yuanhua Wu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-26-0115-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-26-0115-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> AG-3 is a major pathogen of solanaceous crops, with subgroups PT (potato type), TB (tobacco type), and TM (tomato type) causing potato black scurf and tobacco target spot in China, yet their population structures remain unexplored. Here, we used microsatellite markers to genotype 160 PT isolates from Northeast China, as well as 189 TB and 124 TM isolates from tobacco-growing areas nationwide, and assessed their baseline sensitivity to fludioxonil. The three subgroups exhibited contrasting structures. PT showed high gene diversity (Hexp = 0.634) but significant linkage disequilibrium and low differentiation (<i>F_ST</i> = 0.008 to 0.033) without isolation-by-distance, suggesting clonal reproduction and dispersal via contaminated seed tubers. TB displayed moderate diversity (Hexp = 0.385), linkage equilibrium, and significant isolation-by-distance, indicating sexual reproduction with gene flow constrained by geography. The Yunnan population may represent a diversity center. TM showed the lowest gene diversity (mean Hexp = 0.273), low differentiation (<i>F_ST</i> = 0.005 to 0.051), and a mixed reproductive mode: Liaoning populations exhibited linkage equilibrium (<i>P</i> > 0.05), whereas Heilongjiang and Jilin populations showed significant disequilibrium (<i>P</i> < 0.01). High genetic differentiation (<i>F_ST</i> = 0.269 to 0.549) confirmed PT, TB, and TM as distinct lineages, with PT and TM most closely related. Fludioxonil effectively inhibited all subgroups (mean EC₅₀ = 0.054 to 0.090 mg·liter^-1), with six resistant isolates detected. Sensitivity was independent of origin or genetic background. This study reveals contrasting population structures among AG-3 subgroups and provides a foundation for subgroup-specific disease management and resistance monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO04260115R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Epidemiological Surveillance Integrated with Data Science and Multimodel Approaches Advances Understanding of <i>Polerovirus</i> SCYLV Dynamics in Colombian Sugarcane.","authors":"Joaquin Guillermo Ramirez-Gil, Julián David Gómez-Ballen, Angel Rebollar Alviter, Juan Carlos Ángel, Freddy Fernando Garcés-Obando","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-26-0037-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-26-0037-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Polerovirus Sugarcane yellow leaf virus</i> (SCYLV) causes one of the most economically important viral diseases of sugarcane worldwide, including Colombia, where sugarcane is a strategic crop and the virus has high phytosanitary relevance but limited epidemiological characterization. This study provides the first integrative quantitative and multimodel epidemiological assessment of SCYLV in the country, using a 22-year surveillance dataset (1999 to 2020) from Colombia's main sugarcane-producing region. The analysis integrated data science, classical statistics, machine learning, and spatial epidemiology to identify temporal trends, spatiotemporal aggregation, and environmental and agronomic drivers of disease risk. Data science procedures supported data curation, exploratory analysis, and detection of patterns in SCYLV presence-absence, incidence, and prevalence across the historical series. Risk factor identification used logistic regression modeling of presence-absence data to estimate adjusted associations, and the machine learning framework modeled both presence-absence (classification) and incidence (regression) to capture nonlinear interactions. Spatiotemporal dynamics were assessed using presence-absence data in a space-time permutation model fitted to a Poisson-type distribution and the Knox test. SCYLV presence-absence and incidence were significantly associated with varietal susceptibility, with CC 01-1940 and SP 71-6949 showing the highest case burden climatic variability, with major outbreak clusters coinciding with strong El Niño-Southern Oscillation anomalies of both phases (El Niño in 2007 and 2015/2016 and the strong 2010/2011 La Niña), meteorological conditions (temperature, wind speed, and vapor pressure), vegetation greenness (normalized difference vegetation index), and soil properties (pH, cation exchange capacity, sand content, and nitrogen). The Knox test identified a high-risk spatiotemporal window for SCYLV spread, with relative risk > 10 concentrated within 4.5 km and 4 days after a confirmed positive case, highlighting a critical range for targeted surveillance and rapid preventive action. This integrative workflow provides a reproducible, data-driven foundation for delineating differential risk zones and supports evidence-based strategies for the integrated management of SCYLV in Colombian sugarcane systems, with transferable methodological value for long-term surveillance analyses of other aphid-transmitted viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02260037R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the Seedborne Nature of <i>Pantoea ananatis</i> in Rice: Pathogenicity and Evidence of Vertical Transmission.","authors":"Rodrigo Pedrozo, Camila Nicolli, Samuel de Paula, Scott Belmar, Mitchell Giebler, Jan E Leach, Emily Luna, Yixiao Huang, Yulin Jia","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-26-0097-SA","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-26-0097-SA","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pantoea ananatis</i> is an emerging bacterial pathogen in rice with increasing reports across global rice-growing regions. Although previous studies have suggested its presence in the seed, direct evidence for seed-to-plant transmission in rice remains limited. In this study, we applied molecular and pathogenicity tests to characterize <i>P. ananatis</i> isolates recovered from naturally contaminated rice seeds and evaluated their potential for vertical transmission through two successive plant generations. Nine isolates from three rice varieties were assessed for their impact on germination, seedling health, and symptom development. Disease progression was tracked across generations, and host genotype effects were also explored. Isolates from the highly susceptible variety JiBoYa exhibited elevated virulence in rice. Disease onset in second-generation plants occurred approximately 30 days earlier than in the first, accompanied by significantly increased disease incidence and compromised seed production. These results provide compelling evidence that <i>P. ananatis</i> can be vertically transmitted in rice and may accumulate across generations. We propose further molecular and epidemiological investigations to elucidate the mechanisms underlying seedborne persistence, virulence diversity, and the broader implications for pathogen management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO03260097SA"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148472529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Response of Five Wine Grape Cultivars to <i>Agrobacterium vitis</i> Infection Suggests a Role of STS in Plant Defense.","authors":"Lin Miao, Shuya Chen, Jiahui Zhu, Chuwei Yu, Yulin Fang, Xu Liu, Qing Ge","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-26-0059-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-26-0059-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crown gall disease, caused by <i>Agrobacterium vitis</i>, is a global threat to viticulture that severely compromises vine vigor and berry quality. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying grapevine resistance, five cultivars were inoculated with <i>A. vitis</i> strain A10 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Pathological assessments revealed divergent disease progression patterns among cultivars in which Yan73 (Y73) and Muscat Blanc (MB) exhibited higher resistance, whereas Y73 displayed mild disease development. Conversely, Merlot (ML), Cabernet Sauvignon, and Chardonnay showed rapid symptom development, and ML was identified as the most susceptible, characterized by the highest incidence and severity. Given that bacterial pathogens such as <i>A. vitis</i> are notoriously difficult to eradicate after infection, characterizing the early infection phase is critical for effective management. Comparative transcriptional analysis (RNA-seq) was conducted to capture the early molecular responses across these cultivars. Differentially expressed genes shared among cultivars were significantly enriched in pathways related to plant-pathogen interaction, stilbene biosynthesis, and responses to oxygen levels. Notably, ethylene signaling and response pathways were predominantly enriched in the relatively resistant cultivars Y73 and MB, suggesting their pivotal role in early defense. Further investigation into the stilbene synthase (STS) pathway revealed that its primary catalytic product, resveratrol (Res), serves as a key defensive metabolite. In vivo assays demonstrated that exogenous Res treatments significantly attenuated disease incidence and severity in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, this study outlines the early immune response of grapevine to <i>A. vitis</i> infection and highlights the importance of STS and ethylene pathways in resistance, providing potential targets for breeding crown gall-resistant grape cultivars.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02260059R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149272559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoxastrobin Targets NAD[P]H:Quinone Oxidoreductase to Disrupt Membrane Redox Balance and Suppress <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i>, an Emerging Tea Pathogen.","authors":"Muhammad Ameer Hamza, Dongxue Li, Zihui Chen, Haowen Ni, Xiaosi Bu, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-26-0096-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-26-0096-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tea diseases caused by <i>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</i> are prevalent in many tea-producing countries, substantially affecting both the yield and quality of tea. In this study, fluoxastrobin, a strobilurin fungicide, exhibited a half-maximal effective concentration (EC₅₀) of 143.44 μg/ml for inhibiting mycelial growth in vitro. At a dose of 800.0 μg/ml, it demonstrated 42.00% antifungal activity against leaf spot on detached tea twigs. Micromorphological observations revealed that fluoxastrobin induced hyphal abnormalities, including surface roughness, deformation, and swelling. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic, and bioinformatic analyses indicated that fluoxastrobin significantly modulated the expression and abundance of genes, proteins, and metabolites associated with energy metabolism pathways. Fluoxastrobin notably reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, thereby inhibiting electron transport and impairing energy production. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested that fluoxastrobin binds to NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO), with a binding free energy of -10.1 kcal/mol. A microscale thermophoresis assay revealed a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.121 μM for fluoxastrobin binding to NQO, which is significantly lower than that of azoxystrobin (0.319 μM). A surface plasmon resonance assay further confirmed the stronger binding affinity of fluoxastrobin to NQO, with a Kd value of 7.098 × 10^-5 M. To enhance disease control efficacy, the combination of fluoxastrobin with pyrrolnitrin or osthole at a ratio of 1:2 was screened, yielding EC₅₀ values of 0.0036 and 15.25 μg/ml and synergistic ratio values of 1.29 and 4.00, respectively. Collectively, these findings suggest that fluoxastrobin targets quinone oxidoreductase to disrupt membrane redox balance and suppress <i>L. theobromae</i>, supporting its potential application in the management of tea diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO03260096R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat Diseases and Pests in Pakistan: A Nationwide Assessment.","authors":"Aaron I Plex Sulá, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar, Sajid Ali, Naeela Qureshi, Rizwana Maqbool, Kamran Saleem, Pawan Kumar Singh, Zulfiqar Ali, Karen A Garrett, Zunaira Afzal Naveed","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-25-0365-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-25-0365-R","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wheat production in Pakistan faces persistent threats from diseases and pests. However, limited geographic information exists about local risks, economic impacts, and management practices. We used expert knowledge elicitation to provide the first integrated assessment of wheat health in Pakistan. Experts mapped yield losses for major diseases and pests at the district level. We analyzed networks of seed and grain exchange and stakeholder interactions. Analysis of wheat cropland connectivity identified locations that are likely to play important epidemiological roles. Cumulative yield losses estimated by experts ranged from 4 to 16%, with high losses reported in central Punjab and northern Sindh. Stripe rust, leaf rust, and aphids remained top threats, with increasingly favorable climates and pathogen population structure identified as likely major determinants of yield losses. Experts indicated that national networks included informal exchange of wheat seed and grain, highlighting key pathways for potential spread of seedborne pathogens. In stakeholder networks characterized by experts, farmer associations and seed dealers were strategic points for information sharing and seed health monitoring. Cropland connectivity analysis identified highly connected wheat areas along the Indus River, overlapping with national disease hotspots and facilitating pathogen proliferation. Pakistan has a moderate vulnerability to wheat blast introduction, yet climate change and informal seed movement could increase this potential. These findings provide farmer associations, researchers, and policymakers with actionable control points to enhance wheat health systems in Pakistan. This study establishes a rapid information baseline to support geographically targeted surveillance, spatial disease-resistance deployment, coordinated seed system interventions, and epidemic preparedness planning. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO11250365R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148138751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Virome of Rhubarb Consists of Diverse Viruses Belonging to at Least Four Families.","authors":"Elizabeth J Indermaur, Anna O Wunsch, Heather McLane, Kristian Stevens, Min Sook Hwang, Maher Al Rwahnih, Christine D Smart, Marc Fuchs","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-26-0225-SC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-26-0225-SC","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Culinary rhubarb (<i>Rheum</i> spp.) comprises herbaceous perennials that are primarily clonally propagated. Like other asexually reproduced crops, rhubarb is vulnerable to virus transmission, but its virome remains poorly characterized. In April 2024, foliar virus-like symptoms, including chlorotic and necrotic leaf spots, chlorosis, and stunting, were observed on cultivar 'Kerwin' in the rhubarb collection at Cornell AgriTech in Geneva, NY. Symptomatic leaf tissue tested positive for tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) in a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using specific antibodies. Subsequently, the virome of 40 rhubarb entries was determined using high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and bioinformatic analyses. Sequence information suggested the presence of ToRSV (genus <i>Nepovirus</i>, family <i>Secoviridae</i>), cherry leafroll virus (genus <i>Nepovirus</i>, family <i>Secoviridae</i>), Arabis mosaic virus (genus <i>Nepovirus</i>, family <i>Secoviridae</i>), broad-leafed dock virus A (BLDVA, genus <i>Macluravirus</i>, family <i>Potyviridae</i>), tobacco streak virus (TSV, genus <i>Ilarvirus</i>, family <i>Bromoviridae</i>), and beet curly top virus (BCTV, genus <i>Curtovirus</i>, family <i>Geminiviridae</i>) in composite leaf samples. The occurrence of these RNA and DNA viruses was confirmed in composite and individual samples after deconvolution by RT-PCR or PCR, respectively, using one or two primer pairs, in combination with bidirectional Sanger sequencing of the amplicons. The symptoms of cultivar 'Kerwin' could not be definitively assigned to ToRSV due to co-infection with BLDVA. This is the first characterization of the rhubarb virome by HTS and the first report of ToRSV, BLDVA, TSV, and BCTV in culinary rhubarb. These findings have implications for the propagation of clean material, distribution of germplasm, and future breeding efforts in rhubarb. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO07260225SC"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148631554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}