Phytopathology最新文献_第2页

Dual-Activity Peptides Act as Bactericides Against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri In Vitro and Protect Sweet Orange from Infection.

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0385-R

Beatriz C P Sanches, Elaine C Martins, Josiane C Darolt, Michele F S Dutra, Talita A Santos, Edson Crusca, Franklin Behlau, Reinaldo Marchetto, Nelson A Wulff

{"title":"Dual-Activity Peptides Act as Bactericides Against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri In Vitro and Protect Sweet Orange from Infection.","authors":"Beatriz C P Sanches, Elaine C Martins, Josiane C Darolt, Michele F S Dutra, Talita A Santos, Edson Crusca, Franklin Behlau, Reinaldo Marchetto, Nelson A Wulff","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0385-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0385-R","url":null,"abstract":"One of the prominent bacterial diseases impacting orange production and trade is citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (X. citri). The management of citrus canker involves deploying copper products as a protective measure to control the development of symptoms, which carries the risk of selecting strains that are resistant to copper. The objective in this report was to evaluate four peptides with potential antibiotic activity against X. citri in vitro and in planta. In growth inhibition assays, the peptides Gr01, Guavanin 2, K-13 and Lin1 had an inhibitory action on X. citri at concentrations below 12.5 µmol.L-1. Minimal bactericidal effects were observed at peptide concentrations of 100 µmol.L-1 and 50 µmol.L-1 for Lin1 and Guavanin 2, respectively, and 12.5 µmol.L-1 for Gr01 and K-13. Membrane mimetics coupled with fluorescence spectroscopy assays showed that Guavanin 2, Gr01 and K-13, but not Lin1, act by promoting bacterial membrane lysis. Moreover, the Gr01, K-13 and Lin1 peptides triggered a prolonged induction of genes associated with the activation of the jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) pathways, suggesting a dual function of these peptides in promoting a priming effect. The severity of citrus canker in plants treated with Gr01, K-13 and Guavanin 2 was 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 lesion/cm2, respectively. These values were like those recorded in plants treated with copper (0.3 lesion/cm2) and significantly lower than the 1.5 lesion/cm2 observed in untreated plants. Gr01 and K-13 peptides are promising dual-activity alternatives in the management of citrus canker.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Studies of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Disease in Potato. 马铃薯细菌性萎蔫病抗性的遗传多样性评估和全基因组关联研究。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0188-R

Lilian A Okiro, Richard M Mulwa, Maurice E Oyoo, Pascal P Okwiri Ojwang, Susan A Otieno, Paola Gaiero, Guilherme da Silva Pereira, Thiago Mendes

{"title":"Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Genome-Wide Association Studies of Resistance to Bacterial Wilt Disease in Potato.","authors":"Lilian A Okiro, Richard M Mulwa, Maurice E Oyoo, Pascal P Okwiri Ojwang, Susan A Otieno, Paola Gaiero, Guilherme da Silva Pereira, Thiago Mendes","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0188-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0188-R","url":null,"abstract":"The development of novel improved varieties adapted to unstable environmental conditions is possible through the genetic diversity of breeding materials. Potato is among the most important food crops worldwide; however, there are still significant hindrances to breeding gains attributed to its autotetraploid and highly heterozygous genome. Bacterial wilt caused by the Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is an important disease affecting potato among many economically important crops worldwide. No cultivated potato genotypes have shown a satisfactory level of resistance to bacterial wilt. Nevertheless, resistance can play a crucial role in effective integrated disease management. To understand the genetic landscape of bacterial wilt resistance in cultivated potato, we evaluated the diversity of 192 accessions from the International Potato Center (CIP) using 9,250 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and their associations with the response to bacterial wilt disease evaluated over two independent trials. Twenty-four accessions showed high resistance throughout both trials. Genetic diversity analysis revealed three major clusters whose subgroups were mostly represented by CIP clones derived from common parents. Genome-wide association analyses identified six major hits: two on chromosome 8 and one on each chromosome 2, 4, 5, and 9. These results facilitate genetic dissection of bacterial wilt resistance and enable marker-assisted breeding in elite genotypes for potato breeding initiatives. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"290-298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the Effectiveness and Molecular Mechanisms of Thiamin Priming to Control Early Blight Disease in Potato. 调查硫胺素引物防治马铃薯早疫病的效果和分子机制。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0277-R

Trenton W Berrian, Matthew L Fabian, Conner J Rogan, Jeffrey C Anderson, Christopher R Clarke, Aymeric J Goyer

{"title":"Investigation of the Effectiveness and Molecular Mechanisms of Thiamin Priming to Control Early Blight Disease in Potato.","authors":"Trenton W Berrian, Matthew L Fabian, Conner J Rogan, Jeffrey C Anderson, Christopher R Clarke, Aymeric J Goyer","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0277-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0277-R","url":null,"abstract":"In several plant species, thiamin foliar application primes plant immunity and can be effective in controlling various diseases. However, the effectiveness of thiamin against potato pathogens has seldom been investigated. Additionally, the transcriptomics and metabolomics of immune priming by thiamin have not previously been investigated. Here, we tested the effect of thiamin application against Alternaria solani, the causal agent of early blight in potato, and identified associated changes in gene expression and metabolite content. Thiamin applied on foliage at an optimal concentration of 10 mM reduced lesion size by ∼33%. However, prevention of lesion growth was temporally limited, as a reduction of lesion size occurred when leaves were inoculated 4 h, but not 24 h, following thiamin treatment. Additionally, the effect of thiamin on lesion size was restricted to the application site and was not systemic. RNA-seq analysis showed that thiamin affected the expression of 308 genes involved in the synthesis of salicylic acid, secondary metabolites, fatty acid, chitin, primary metabolism, and photosynthesis. Genes in these pathways were also amongst the thousands of genes differentially regulated in the response to the pathogen alone, though they were often more differentially expressed and enriched when thiamin and the pathogen were combined. Thiamin also delayed the downregulation of photosynthesis-associated genes in plants inoculated with A. solani. Metabolite analyses revealed that thiamin treatment in the absence of a pathogen decreased the amounts of several organic compounds involved in the citric acid cycle. We hypothesize that thiamin primes plant defenses through perturbation of primary metabolism.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"234-246"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142682576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trehalose Biosynthetic Genes Are Involved in the Development and Pathogenesis in the Poplar Canker Fungus Cytospora chrysosperma. 赤藓糖生物合成基因参与了杨树腐烂病真菌赤藓菌的发育和致病过程。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0160-R

Siying Xu, Quansheng Li, Haojie Jin, Aining Li, Yonglin Wang

{"title":"Trehalose Biosynthetic Genes Are Involved in the Development and Pathogenesis in the Poplar Canker Fungus Cytospora chrysosperma.","authors":"Siying Xu, Quansheng Li, Haojie Jin, Aining Li, Yonglin Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0160-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0160-R","url":null,"abstract":"Poplar Cytospora canker, caused by Cytospora chrysosperma, is one of the most destructive and widespread poplar diseases worldwide, especially in northern China. However, our current understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms remains limited. Here, we show that trehalose biosynthetic genes, such as trehalose-6-phosphate synthase 1 (CcTps1), trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (CcTps2), and the regulatory subunit (CcTps3), play important roles in the development and virulence of C. chrysosperma. The targeted deletion mutants showed reduced trehalose synthesis and were defective in hyphal growth and conidiation. Deletion of any of the three genes attenuated virulence in poplar twigs, and stronger poplar defense responses were triggered after inoculated by the mutants. Additionally, the mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to H2O2 and cell wall stressors. Taken together, the findings suggest that trehalose biosynthetic genes contribute to fungal development, stress responses, and full virulence in C. chrysosperma.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"260-268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geostatistical Modeling Improves Prediction of Macrophomina phaseolina Abundance and Distribution in Soybean Fields. 地质统计建模改进了对大豆田中相枕虫丰度和分布的预测。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0139-R

Sandip Mondal, Emile Gluck-Thaler, Cristhian J Grabowski Ocampos, Enrique Hahn Villalba, Terry L Niblack, Aida L Orrego Fuente, Lidia M Pedrozo, Timothy I Ralston, Laura C Soilan, Horacio D Lopez-Nicora

{"title":"Geostatistical Modeling Improves Prediction of Macrophomina phaseolina Abundance and Distribution in Soybean Fields.","authors":"Sandip Mondal, Emile Gluck-Thaler, Cristhian J Grabowski Ocampos, Enrique Hahn Villalba, Terry L Niblack, Aida L Orrego Fuente, Lidia M Pedrozo, Timothy I Ralston, Laura C Soilan, Horacio D Lopez-Nicora","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0139-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0139-R","url":null,"abstract":"Charcoal rot, caused by the soilborne fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Mp) poses a serious threat to soybean health and harvests at a global scale. Mp exhibits varying distribution patterns across fields, which complicates our ability to predict disease occurrences and outbreaks. Therefore, determining the spatial distribution of Mp abundance and its relationship with soil physicochemical properties would help to inform precision management decisions for mitigating charcoal rot. To achieve this, Mp colony-forming units (CFU) and edaphic properties were evaluated in 297 soybean fields located in the main soybean-growing regions across seven departments of Paraguay. A pattern of decreasing CFU density was observed from the southeastern to the western part of the country. Whereas several edaphic factors are positively correlated with Mp CFU, pH showed a significant negative correlation with CFU. Both spatial and nonspatial models suggest that cation exchange capacity, percentage of clay, and pH could be potential predictors of Mp CFU abundance. Including the spatial dependence of edaphic factors improved the prediction of Mp CFU more effectively than classical statistical models. We demonstrated that the occurrence of Mp shows a significant spatial clustering pattern, as indicated by Moran's I. Our findings will help growers and policymakers make informed decisions for managing Mp by improving our ability to predict which agricultural fields and soils are at greatest risk for charcoal rot.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"247-259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitrogen-Metabolism Inhibitor NmrA Regulates Conidial Production, Melanin Synthesis, and Virulence in Phytopathogenic Fungus Verticillium dahliae. 氮代谢抑制剂 NmrA 可调控植物病原真菌大丽轮枝菌的分生孢子产生、黑色素合成和毒力。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0226-R

Qi Xiao, Leyuan Zhang, Xueping Xu, Renyu Dai, Yingqing Tan, Xianbi Li, Dan Jin, Yanhua Fan

{"title":"Nitrogen-Metabolism Inhibitor NmrA Regulates Conidial Production, Melanin Synthesis, and Virulence in Phytopathogenic Fungus Verticillium dahliae.","authors":"Qi Xiao, Leyuan Zhang, Xueping Xu, Renyu Dai, Yingqing Tan, Xianbi Li, Dan Jin, Yanhua Fan","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0226-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0226-R","url":null,"abstract":"NmrA homologs have been reported as conserved regulators of nitrogen metabolite repression in various fungi. Here, we identified an NmrA homolog in Verticillium dahliae and reported its functions in nitrogen utilization, growth and development, and pathogenesis. VdNmrA interacts with the V. dahliae AreA protein and regulates the expression of a typical NMR target, the formamidase gene. VdNmrA deletion mutants exhibited significantly slower colony growth on media with Gln or Arg. Furthermore, VdNmrA deletion impaired hyphal growth, spore production, hyperosmotic stress tolerance, and melanin biosynthesis. Fewer reactive oxygen species were produced in VdNmrA mutants, and the NADPH oxidase genes noxA and noxB showed lowered expression levels compared with the wild type. VdNmrA mutants exhibited reduced virulence on cotton and Arabidopsis compared with wild-type strains. Our results indicated that VdNmrA functioned as a nitrogen metabolite repression repressor and played important roles in nutrient utilization, fungal development, stress tolerance, and pathogenicity in V. dahliae.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"281-289"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Differences in Behavior During Early Nectarine Infection Among Main Monilinia spp. Causing Brown Rot. 引起褐腐病的主要念珠菌属油桃早期侵染行为的差异。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0159-R

Juan Diego Astacio, Silvia Rodríguez-Pires, Paloma Melgarejo, Antonieta De Cal, Eduardo Antonio Espeso

{"title":"Differences in Behavior During Early Nectarine Infection Among Main Monilinia spp. Causing Brown Rot.","authors":"Juan Diego Astacio, Silvia Rodríguez-Pires, Paloma Melgarejo, Antonieta De Cal, Eduardo Antonio Espeso","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0159-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0159-R","url":null,"abstract":"Brown rot is a disease that affects stone and pome fruit crops worldwide. It is caused by fungal members of the genus Monilinia, mainly M. fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena. This study presents evidence that, despite having a very similar battery of cell wall-degrading enzymes, the three species behave differently during the early stages of infection, suggesting differences at the regulatory level, which could also explain the differences in host preference among the three species. We have shown that M. fructicola infection is accelerated by red light, and the first symptoms appear much earlier than in darkness or in the other two species. The overexpression of genes encoding for CAZymes, such as pme3, pme2, pg1, cel1, pnl1, and pnl2, as well as the necrosis factor nep2, can be associated with the etiology of Monilinia spp. In addition, we found that nep2 in M. fructigena lacks binding sites in its promoter sequence for the white-collar complex, which is the major transcription factor responsible for regulating photoreception processes in fungi. Finally, we found that AlphaFold models of the NEP1-like proteins present on the three Monilinia species predict proteins with a very high degree of similarity.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"269-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142921337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rhizopus stolonifer Exhibits Necrotrophic Behavior when Causing Soft Rot in Ripe Fruit. 根瘤菌（Rhizopus stolonifer）在引起成熟水果软腐病时表现出坏死性。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0081-R

Saskia Desiree Mesquida-Pesci, Abraham Morales-Cruz, Silvia Rodriguez-Pires, Rosa Figueroa-Balderas, Christian James Silva, Adrian Sbodio, Elia Gutierrez-Baeza, Petros Martin Raygoza, Dario Cantu, Barbara Blanco-Ulate

{"title":"Rhizopus stolonifer Exhibits Necrotrophic Behavior when Causing Soft Rot in Ripe Fruit.","authors":"Saskia Desiree Mesquida-Pesci, Abraham Morales-Cruz, Silvia Rodriguez-Pires, Rosa Figueroa-Balderas, Christian James Silva, Adrian Sbodio, Elia Gutierrez-Baeza, Petros Martin Raygoza, Dario Cantu, Barbara Blanco-Ulate","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0081-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0081-R","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizopus stolonifer is known for causing soft rot in fruits and vegetables during postharvest. Although it has traditionally been considered a saprophyte, it appears to behave more like a necrotrophic pathogen. In this study, we propose that R. stolonifer invades host tissues by actively killing host cells and overcoming the host defense mechanisms, as opposed to growing saprophytically on decaying plant matter. We tested this hypothesis by characterizing R. stolonifer infection strategies when infecting four fruit hosts (tomato, grape, strawberry, and plum). We started by generating a high-quality genome assembly for R. stolonifer using PacBio sequencing. This led to a genome size of 45.02 Mb, an N50 of 2.87 Mb, and 12,644 predicted loci with protein-coding genes. Next, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to identify genes that R. stolonifer preferentially uses when growing in fruit versus culture media. We categorized these infection-related genes into clusters according to their expression patterns during the interaction with the host. Based on the expression data, we determined that R. stolonifer has a core infection toolbox consisting of strategies typical of necrotrophs, which includes a set of 33 oxidoreductases, 7 proteases, and 4 cell wall-degrading enzymes to facilitate tissue breakdown and maceration across various hosts. This study provides new genomic resources for R. stolonifer and advances the knowledge of Rhizopus-fruit interactions, which can assist in formulating effective and sustainable integrated pest management approaches for soft rot prevention. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"306-315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reduction of Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection on Brassica rapa Through Host-Induced Gene Silencing of Two Secreted Genes. 通过宿主诱导的两个分泌基因沉默，减少 Plasmodiophora brassicae 对 Brassica rapa 的感染。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0334-R

Hui Yang, Yihan Zhang, Yushan Zhao, Yinping Shu, Yushu Xu, Yi Liu, Junbo Du, Wenming Wang

{"title":"Reduction of Plasmodiophora brassicae Infection on Brassica rapa Through Host-Induced Gene Silencing of Two Secreted Genes.","authors":"Hui Yang, Yihan Zhang, Yushan Zhao, Yinping Shu, Yushu Xu, Yi Liu, Junbo Du, Wenming Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0334-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0334-R","url":null,"abstract":"Clubroot disease, caused by the biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae, is one of the most serious threats to cruciferous crops production worldwide. P. brassicae is known for rapid adaptive evolution to overcome plant resistance. The current prevention and control strategies are not effective against P. brassicae. Additionally, lack of genetic transformation has impeded the functional characteristic disclosure of virulence genes. In this study, we have identified two effectors, Pb48 and Pb52, that impact plant defense and are upregulated during the infection stage. To characterize the function of these virulence genes, we employed a transient method, host-induced gene silencing (HIGS). By instantaneously expressing a hairpin RNA interference construct with sequence homology to P. brassicae Pb48 or Pb52 in susceptible Brassica rapa, we successfully silenced the corresponding gene, resulting in reduced root gall size or enhanced host resistance to P. brassicae. Silencing Pb48 led to a decrease in the numbers of zoosporangia within root hair and epidermal cells, and silencing either Pb48 or Pb52 led to downregulated expressions of cytokinin biosynthesis gene IPT1 and auxin homeostasis GH3.5, which are associated with hormone regulation pathways involved in clubroot development. These findings validate HIGS as a practical tool for studying P. brassicae virulence genes. HIGS, by transiently expressing short interfering RNAs of P. brassicae, demonstrates its potential as an effective strategy against this pathogen. In the future, we can obtain durable disease resistance in susceptible host crops by developing a stable transformant.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"299-305"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142668241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A qPCR Assay for the Quantification of the Overwintering Chasmothecia of Erysiphe necator in Grapevine Bark. 用qPCR方法定量测定葡萄树皮中丹参越冬菌的数量。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0126-R

Othmane Taibi, Margherita Furiosi, Maela León, Elisa González-Domínguez, Vittorio Rossi, Mónica Berbegal

{"title":"A qPCR Assay for the Quantification of the Overwintering Chasmothecia of Erysiphe necator in Grapevine Bark.","authors":"Othmane Taibi, Margherita Furiosi, Maela León, Elisa González-Domínguez, Vittorio Rossi, Mónica Berbegal","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0126-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0126-R","url":null,"abstract":"Powdery mildew (PM) disease causes serious losses in Mediterranean vineyards, where suitable environmental conditions promote conidial infections. The frequency and intensity of these infections are directly linked to the amount of primary Erysiphe necator inoculum (i.e., the chasmothecia embedded in the trunk). In this study, we set up a protocol to extract and quantify E. necator chasmothecia in grapevine bark samples based on a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay. We observed PM severity and ascocarp production on leaves in the first season and primary infection in the following season in different grapevine cultivars with known PM susceptibility levels. The qPCR analysis showed a significant relationship between E. necator DNA concentration in bark samples and primary infection (R2 = 0.970) and disease severity development (R2 = 0.776), as well as chasmothecia development on leaves (R2 = 0.455). The results demonstrate that this methodology can be used for quantifying chasmothecia, improving current methods based on visual counting, proving the interrelationships between PM epidemics and chasmothecia, and refining PM disease prediction models and subsequent fungicide application. Rapid and easy quantification of the ascosporic inoculum will facilitate the reconciliation of control actions to the risks posed by greatly differing ascosporic inoculum levels.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"316-324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0