Phytopathology最新文献_第3页

Pyriofenone Interacts with the Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter of Phytopathogenic Fungi to Potentially Control Tea Leaf Spot Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. Pyriofenone 与植物病原真菌的主要促进剂超家族转运体相互作用，有可能控制由 Lasiodiplodia theobromae 引起的茶叶斑点病。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-24-0246-R

Xiaolin Zhang, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Di Guo, Yue Ma, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Delu Wang, Zhuo Chen

{"title":"Pyriofenone Interacts with the Major Facilitator Superfamily Transporter of Phytopathogenic Fungi to Potentially Control Tea Leaf Spot Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae.","authors":"Xiaolin Zhang, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Di Guo, Yue Ma, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Delu Wang, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-08-24-0246-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-24-0246-R","url":null,"abstract":"Tea leaf spot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a newly discovered fungal disease in southwest China. Due to a lack of knowledge of its epidemiology and control strategies, the disease has a marked impact on tea yield and quality. Pyriofenone is a new fungicide belonging to the aryl phenyl ketone fungicide group, which has shown marked efficacy in controlling various fungal diseases. However, its mechanism of action is not yet understood. This study found that pyriofenone exhibits strong in vitro inhibitory activity against various phytopathogenic fungi. Specifically, it showed strong inhibitory activity against L. theobromae, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 0.428 μg/ml determined by measuring mycelial growth rate. Morphological observations, using optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy, revealed that pyriofenone induces morphological abnormalities in L. theobromae hyphae. At lower doses, the hyphae became swollen, the distance between septa decreased, and the hyphal growth rate slowed. At higher doses and longer exposures, the hyphae collapsed. Transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses indicated that pyriofenone can affect the expression of genes related to membrane transporters. Homology modeling suggested that pyriofenone may bind to a candidate target protein of the major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter, with a free binding energy of -7.1 kcal/mol. This study suggests that pyriofenone may potentially regulate the transport of metabolites in L. theobromae, thus affecting hyphal metabolism and interfering with hyphal growth. Pyriofenone exhibits in vitro inhibitory activity against various tea foliar pathogens and holds promise for future applications to the control of tea foliar diseases.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship between the distribution of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and the development of xylem embolism in the stems of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings monitored by magnetic resonance imaging. 通过磁共振成像监测日本黑松（Pinus thunbergii）幼苗茎干中松材线虫（Bursaphelenchus xylophilus）的分布与木质部栓塞发展之间的关系。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0191-R

Ai Akami, Kenji Fukuda

{"title":"Relationship between the distribution of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and the development of xylem embolism in the stems of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings monitored by magnetic resonance imaging.","authors":"Ai Akami, Kenji Fukuda","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0191-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0191-R","url":null,"abstract":"The development of xylem embolism in 1-year-old stems of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii) seedlings was monitored by compact magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) after inoculation with the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). In parallel, the nematode distribution and population structure in the stems were examined by isolating the nematodes using the Baermann funnel technique. The vertical length and volume of massive embolisms in each seedling were strongly correlated with the maximum relative embolized area (REA) in stem cross-sections. Embolism development and nematode reproduction were not restricted to the inoculation site, as any portion of the stem could be the initial point of a population burst. The nematode population in the stem xylem was strongly correlated with the REA and with the circumferential proportion of cambial death in cross-sections monitored by MRI. The proportion of second-stage juveniles was also correlated with the REA in the xylem. In contrast, the nematode population in bark tissue was not correlated with either the REA or cambial death. These results suggested that nematode reproduction in the cambial zone is the key step in pine wilt disease, and second-stage juveniles were suggested to induce massive embolisms in the advanced stage of the disease.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patulin inhibition of specific apple microbiome members uncovers Hanseniaspora uvarum as a potential biocontrol agent. 抑制特定苹果微生物群成员的棒曲霉素发现 Hanseniaspora uvarum 是一种潜在的生物控制剂。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0189-R

Justin L Eagan, Evan R Digman, Martijn den Boon, Roberto Regalado, Mira S A Rawa, Christina M Hull, Nancy P Keller

{"title":"Patulin inhibition of specific apple microbiome members uncovers Hanseniaspora uvarum as a potential biocontrol agent.","authors":"Justin L Eagan, Evan R Digman, Martijn den Boon, Roberto Regalado, Mira S A Rawa, Christina M Hull, Nancy P Keller","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0189-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0189-R","url":null,"abstract":"Penicillium expansum is a major postharvest pathogen of apples, causing loss in fruits through tissue damage, as well as in apple products due to contamination with the mycotoxin patulin. During infections, patulin is a cultivar-dependent virulence factor that facilitates apple lesion development. Patulin also has characterized antimicrobial activity and is important for inhibiting other competitive phytopathogens, but the role of this inhibitory activity has not been investigated in the context of the apple microbiome. In our current study, we isolated 68 apple microbiota and characterized their susceptibility to P. expansum extracts. We found Gram-negative bacteria and Basidiomycete yeast to demonstrate largely patulin-specific growth inhibition compared to Gram-positive and Ascomycete isolates. From co-cultures, we identified a Hanseniaspora and Gluconobacter pairing that reduced P. expansum biomass and found that Hanseniaspora uvarum alone is sufficient to reduce apple disease progression in vivo. We investigated possible mechanisms of H. uvarum biocontrol activity and found modest inhibition on apple puree plates, as well as a trend toward lower patulin levels at the wound site. Active biocontrol activity required live yeast, which also were effective in controlling Botrytis cinerea apple infections. Lastly, we explored the breadth of H. uvarum biocontrol activity with over 30 H. uvarum isolates and found consistent inhibition of P. expansum apple disease.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142381527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Field-scale gene flow of fungicide resistance in Pyrenophora teres f. teres and the effect of selection pressure on the population structure. 赤霉病菌对杀真菌剂抗性的田间规模基因流动以及选择压力对种群结构的影响。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0378-KC

Leon M Hodgson, Francisco J Lopez-Ruiz, Mark R Gibberd, Geoff J Thomas, Ayalsew Zerihun

{"title":"Field-scale gene flow of fungicide resistance in Pyrenophora teres f. teres and the effect of selection pressure on the population structure.","authors":"Leon M Hodgson, Francisco J Lopez-Ruiz, Mark R Gibberd, Geoff J Thomas, Ayalsew Zerihun","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0378-KC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0378-KC","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness of fungicides to control foliar fungal crop diseases is being diminished by the increasing spread of resistances to fungicides. One approach that may help to maintain efficacy is remediation of resistant populations by sensitive ones. However, the success of such approaches can be compromised by re-incursion of resistance through aerial spore dispersal; although, knowledge of localized gene flow is lacking. Here, we report on a replicated mark-release-recapture field experiment with several treatments set up to study spore-dispersal-mediated gene flow of a mutated allele that confers demethylase inhibitor resistance in Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt). Artificial inoculation of the host, barley (Hordeum vulgare), was successful across the 12-ha trial, where the introduced sensitive- and resistant-populations were, respectively, 6- and 13-fold the DNA concentration of the native Ptt population. Subsequent disease pressure remained low which hampered spread of the epidemic to such extent that gene flow was not detected at, or beyond 2.5 m from source points. In the absence of gene flow, plots were assessed for treatment effects; fungicide applied to populations that contained 14.3% of allele mutation increased in frequency to 24.5%, whereas sensitive populations had no change in structure. Untreated controls of native Ptt population remained genetically stable, yet untreated controls that were inoculated with sensitive Ptt had half the resistance frequency of the native population structure. The trial demonstrates the potential for management to remediate fungicide resistant pathogen populations, where localized gene flow is minimal; to safeguard chemical crop protection into the future.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142366279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CbCyp51-Mediated Demethylation Inhibitor Resistance Is Modulated by Codon Bias. CbCyp51 介导的 DMI 抗性受密码子偏差的调节。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0034-R

Lorena I Rangel, Nathan Wyatt, Isaac Courneya, Mari B Natwick, Gary A Secor, Viviana Rivera-Varas, Melvin D Bolton

{"title":"CbCyp51-Mediated Demethylation Inhibitor Resistance Is Modulated by Codon Bias.","authors":"Lorena I Rangel, Nathan Wyatt, Isaac Courneya, Mari B Natwick, Gary A Secor, Viviana Rivera-Varas, Melvin D Bolton","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0034-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0034-R","url":null,"abstract":"Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugarbeet worldwide. Resistance to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide tetraconazole has been previously correlated with synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in CbCyp51. Here, we extend these analyses to the DMI fungicides prothioconazole, difenoconazole, and mefentrifluconazole in addition to tetraconazole to confirm whether the synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations at amino acid positions 144 and 170 are associated with resistance to these fungicides. Nearly half of the 593 isolates of C. beticola collected in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota in 2021 were resistant to all four DMIs. Another 20% were resistant to tetraconazole and prothioconazole but sensitive to difenoconazole and mefentrifluconazole. A total of 13% of isolates were sensitive to all DMIs tested. We found five CbCyp51 haplotypes and associated them with phenotypes to the four DMIs. The most predominant haplotype (E170_A/L144F_C) correlated with resistance to all four DMIs with up to 97.6% accuracy. The second most common haplotype (E170_A/L144) consisted of isolates associated with resistance phenotypes to tetraconazole and prothioconazole while also exhibiting sensitive phenotypes to difenoconazole and mefentrifluconazole with up to 98.4% accuracy. Quantitative PCR did not identify differences in CbCyp51 expression between haplotypes. This study offers an understanding of the importance of codon usage in fungicide resistance and provides crop management acuity for fungicide application decision-making.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2262-2272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Soybean Cyst Nematode Inbred Populations Non-adapted or Adapted on Soybean rhg1-a/Rhg4-Mediated Resistance. 不适应或适应大豆 rhg1-a/Rhg4 介导的抗性的大豆胞囊线虫近交系种群的转录组比较分析。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0095-R

Khee Man Kwon, Rick E Masonbrink, Thomas R Maier, Michael N Gardner, Andrew J Severin, Thomas J Baum, Melissa G Mitchum

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Soybean Cyst Nematode Inbred Populations Non-adapted or Adapted on Soybean rhg1-a/Rhg4-Mediated Resistance.","authors":"Khee Man Kwon, Rick E Masonbrink, Thomas R Maier, Michael N Gardner, Andrew J Severin, Thomas J Baum, Melissa G Mitchum","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0095-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0095-R","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is most effectively managed through planting resistant soybean cultivars, but the repeated use of the same resistance sources has led to a widespread emergence of virulent SCN populations that can overcome soybean resistance. Resistance to SCN HG type 0 (Race 3) in soybean cultivar Forrest is mediated by an epistatic interaction between the soybean resistance genes rhg1-a and Rhg4. We previously developed two SCN inbred populations by mass-selecting SCN HG type 0 (Race 3) on susceptible and resistant recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between Forrest and the SCN-susceptible cultivar Essex, which differ for Rhg4. To identify SCN genes potentially involved in overcoming rhg1-a/Rhg4-mediated resistance, we conducted RNA sequencing on early parasitic juveniles of these two SCN inbred populations infecting their respective hosts, only to discover a handful of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). However, in a comparison with early parasitic juveniles of an avirulent SCN inbred population infecting a resistant host, we discovered 59 and 171 DEGs uniquely up- or downregulated in virulent parasitic juveniles adapted on the resistant host. Interestingly, the proteins coded by these 59 DEGs included vitamin B-associated proteins (reduced folate carrier, biotin synthase, and thiamine transporter) and nematode effectors known to play roles in plant defense suppression, suggesting that virulent SCN may exert a heightened transcriptional response to cope with enhanced plant defenses and an altered nutritional status of a resistant soybean host. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2341-2350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Increasing Soil Salinity on Genetic Resistance (I-3 Gene)-Based Management of Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi Race 3) in California Processing Tomatoes. 土壤盐度增加对基于遗传抗性（I-3 基因）的加利福尼亚加工番茄镰刀菌枯萎病（F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi race 3）管理的影响。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0402-KC

Elizabeth M Hellman, Thomas Turini, Cassandra L Swett

{"title":"Impacts of Increasing Soil Salinity on Genetic Resistance (I-3 Gene)-Based Management of Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi Race 3) in California Processing Tomatoes.","authors":"Elizabeth M Hellman, Thomas Turini, Cassandra L Swett","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0402-KC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0402-KC","url":null,"abstract":"California is the primary processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) producer in the United States. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi race 3 (Fol3), the cause of Fusarium wilt, is a major driver of yield losses. Fol3 has recently been observed causing disease in resistant cultivars (I-3 R-gene), often reported in association with high soil salinity. This study was undertaken to better understand the role of salinity in compromising resistance-based management of Fol3. Surveys established opportunity for salinity-Fol3-tomato interactions in 44% of commercial fields examined, with harmful soil salt levels up to 3.6 dS/m (P < 0.001), high sodium (P < 0.001), and high sodicity (sodium adsorption ratio > 13; P < 0.001). In controlled field studies of Fol3 in NaCl/CaCl2-treated soil, Fol3-resistant cultivars either only developed wilt under salt or only developed wilt above the industry non-hybrid threshold (2%) under salt across two trial years. The absence of yield differences indicates low to no economic impact of disease enhancement (P > 0.05). NaCl, CaCl2, and Na2SO4 had no effect on Fol3 propagule production in liquid agar versus water agar controls (P > 0.05), although CaCl2 increased propagule loads sevenfold versus ionic controls (polyethylene glycol) (P = 0.036). NaCl/CaCl2 (2:1) reduced propagule loads up to 65% versus no salt (P = 0.029) in soil with pathogen-infested tomato tissue. These results together establish the opportunity for salinity-Fol3-tomato interactions and potential for salt to influence the efficacy of resistant cultivar-based management-this does not appear to be primarily due to salt enhancement of pathogen populations, pointing to a yet-unexplored direct influence of salt on host resistance.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2252-2261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Explains Hop Growers' Fungicide Use Intensity and Management Costs in Response to Powdery Mildew? 酒花种植者在应对白粉病时使用杀菌剂的强度和管理成本的原因是什么？

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0127-R

Jae Young Hwang, Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya, Shirshendu Chatterjee, Thomas L Marsh, Joshua F Pedro, David H Gent

{"title":"What Explains Hop Growers' Fungicide Use Intensity and Management Costs in Response to Powdery Mildew?","authors":"Jae Young Hwang, Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya, Shirshendu Chatterjee, Thomas L Marsh, Joshua F Pedro, David H Gent","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0127-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0127-R","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for causal inference from observational data are common in human disease epidemiology and social sciences but are used relatively little in plant pathology. We draw upon an extensive data set of the incidence of hop plants with powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) collected from yards in Oregon from 2014 to 2017 and associated metadata on grower cultural practices, cultivar susceptibility to powdery mildew, and pesticide application records to understand variation in and causes of growers' fungicide use and associated costs. An instrumental causal forest model identified growers' spring pruning thoroughness, cultivar susceptibility to two of the dominant pathogenic races of P. macularis, network centrality of yards during May-June and June-July time transitions, and the initial strain of the fungus detected as important variables determining the number of pesticide active constituents applied by growers and the associated costs they incurred in response to powdery mildew. Exposure-response function models fit after covariate weighting indicated that both the number of pesticide active constituents applied and their associated costs scaled linearly with the seasonal mean incidence of plants with powdery mildew. Although the causes of pesticide use intensity are multifaceted, biological and production factors collectively influence the incidence of powdery mildew, which has a direct exposure-response relationship with the number of pesticide active constituents that growers apply and their costs. Our analyses point to several potential strategies for reducing pesticide use and costs for management of powdery mildew on hop. We also highlight the utility of these methods for causal inference in observational studies.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2287-2299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Venom Allergen-Like Protein BxVAP1, Triggering Plant Defense-Related Programmed Cell Death, Plays an Important Role in Regulating Pinus massoniana Terpene Defense Responses. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus 毒液过敏原样蛋白 BxVAP1 触发植物防御相关的程序性细胞死亡，在调控 Pinus massoniana 萜烯防御反应中发挥重要作用。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0026-R

Yuqian Feng, Yongxia Li, Zhenkai Liu, Xuan Wang, Wei Zhang, Dongzhen Li, Xiaojian Wen, Xingyao Zhang

{"title":"Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Venom Allergen-Like Protein BxVAP1, Triggering Plant Defense-Related Programmed Cell Death, Plays an Important Role in Regulating Pinus massoniana Terpene Defense Responses.","authors":"Yuqian Feng, Yongxia Li, Zhenkai Liu, Xuan Wang, Wei Zhang, Dongzhen Li, Xiaojian Wen, Xingyao Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0026-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0026-R","url":null,"abstract":"Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode, PWN), a migratory plant-parasitic nematode, acts as an etiological agent, inflicting considerable damage to pine forests worldwide. Plant immunity constitutes a crucial factor in resisting various pathogenic invasions. The primary defensive responses of host pines against PWN infection encompass terpene accumulation, defense response-related gene expression, and programmed cell death. Venom allergen-like proteins (VAPs), as potential effectors, are instrumental in facilitating the successful colonization of PWNs. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of B. xylophilus VAP (BxVAP1) expression by RNA interference in vitro. Following BxVAP1 silencing, the reproduction rate and migration rate of the PWN population in Pinus massoniana decreased, the expression of the α-pinene synthase gene was induced, other terpene synthase and pathogenesis-related genes were inhibited and delayed, the peak times and levels of terpene-related substances were changed, and the degree of cavitation in P. massoniana was diminished. Transient expression of BxVAP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that BxVAP1 was expressed in both the cell membrane and nucleus, inducing programmed cell death and the expression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity marker genes (NbAcre31 and NbPTI5). This study is the first to demonstrate that silencing the BxVAP1 gene affects host defense responses, including terpenoid metabolism in P. massoniana, and that BxVAP1 can be recognized by N. benthamiana as an effector to trigger its innate immunity, expanding our understanding of the parasitic mechanism of B. xylophilus.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2331-2340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Initial Inoculum on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Wheat Blast Under Field Conditions in Bolivia. 玻利维亚田间条件下初始接种量对小麦稻瘟病时空动态的影响。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0491-R

Carlos C Góngora-Canul, Alexandria Volkening, Jorge Cuéllar, Lidia Calderón, Mariela Fernández-Campos, Da Young Lee, Jorge Salgado, Andres Cruz-Sancan, C D Cruz

{"title":"Effect of Initial Inoculum on the Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Wheat Blast Under Field Conditions in Bolivia.","authors":"Carlos C Góngora-Canul, Alexandria Volkening, Jorge Cuéllar, Lidia Calderón, Mariela Fernández-Campos, Da Young Lee, Jorge Salgado, Andres Cruz-Sancan, C D Cruz","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0491-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-23-0491-R","url":null,"abstract":"Epidemiological studies to better understand wheat blast (WB) spatial and temporal patterns were conducted in three field environments in Bolivia between 2019 and 2020. The temporal dynamics of wheat leaf blast (WLB) and spike blast (WSB) were best described by the logistic model compared with the Gompertz and exponential models. The nonlinear logistic infection rates were higher under defined inoculation in experiments two and three than under undefined inoculation in experiment one, and they were also higher for WSB than for WLB. The onset of WLB began with a spatial clustering pattern according to autocorrelation analysis and Moran's index values, with higher severity and earlier onset for defined than for undefined inoculation until the last sampling time. The WSB onset did not start with a spatial clustering pattern; instead, it was detected later until the last sampling date across experiments, with higher severity and earlier onset for defined than for undefined inoculation. Maximum severity (Kmax) was 1.0 for WSB and less than 1.0 for WLB. Aggregation of WLB and WSB was higher for defined than for undefined inoculation. The directionality of hotspot development was similar for both WLB and WSB, mainly occurring concentrically for defined inoculation. Our results show no evidence of synchronized development but suggest a temporal and spatial progression of disease symptoms on wheat leaves and spikes. Thus, we recommend that monitoring and management of WB should be considered during early growth stages of wheat planted in areas of high risk.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2273-2286"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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