Phytopathology最新文献_第8页

Reconstructing the Global Migration History of Phytophthora infestans Toward Colombia. 重建 Phytophthora infestans 向哥伦比亚迁移的全球历史。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0163-R

Camilo Patarroyo, Florencia Lucca, Stéphane Dupas, Silvia Restrepo

{"title":"Reconstructing the Global Migration History of Phytophthora infestans Toward Colombia.","authors":"Camilo Patarroyo, Florencia Lucca, Stéphane Dupas, Silvia Restrepo","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0163-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-24-0163-R","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of new variants of plant pathogens is one of the biggest challenges to controlling and managing plant diseases. Of the forces driving these evolutionary processes, global migration events are particularly important for widely distributed diseases such as potato late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. However, little is known about its migration routes outside North America and Europe. This work used genotypic data from population studies to elucidate the migration history originating the Colombian P. infestans population. For this purpose, a dataset of 1,706 P. infestans genotypes was recollected, representing North and South America, Europe, and Asia. Descriptive analysis and historical records from North America and Europe were used to propose three global migration hypotheses, differing on the origin of the disease (Mexico or Peru) and the hypothesis that it returned to South America from Europe. These scenarios were tested using approximate Bayesian computation. According to this analysis, the most probable scenario (posterior probability = 0.631) was the one proposing a Peruvian origin for P. infestans, an initial migration toward Colombia and Mexico, and a later event from Mexico to the United States and then to Europe and Asia, with no return to northern South America. In Colombia, the scenario considering a single migration from Peru and posterior migrations within Colombia was the most probable, with a posterior probability of 0.640. The obtained results support the hypothesis of a Peruvian origin for P. infestans followed by rare colonization events worldwide.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2151-2161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effector Protein Serine Carboxypeptidase FgSCP Is Essential for Full Virulence in Fusarium graminearum and Is Involved in Modulating Plant Immune Responses. 效应蛋白丝氨酸羧肽酶 FgSCP 对禾谷镰刀菌的全面毒力至关重要，并参与调节植物免疫反应

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0068-R

Kouhan Liu, Xintong Wang, Yuzhe Qi, Ying Li, Yifeng Shi, Yanyan Ren, Aolin Wang, Peng Cheng, Baotong Wang

{"title":"Effector Protein Serine Carboxypeptidase FgSCP Is Essential for Full Virulence in Fusarium graminearum and Is Involved in Modulating Plant Immune Responses.","authors":"Kouhan Liu, Xintong Wang, Yuzhe Qi, Ying Li, Yifeng Shi, Yanyan Ren, Aolin Wang, Peng Cheng, Baotong Wang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0068-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0068-R","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight caused by Fusarium graminearum is a significant pathogen affecting wheat crops. During the infection process, effector proteins are secreted to modulate plant immunity and promote infection. The toxin deoxynivalenol is produced in infected wheat grains, posing a threat to human and animal health. Serine carboxypeptidases (SCPs) belong to the α/β hydrolase family of proteases and are widely distributed in plant and fungal vacuoles, as well as animal lysosomes. Research on SCPs mainly focuses on the isolation, purification, and production of a small number of fungi. The role of SCPs in plant secretion, growth and development, and stress resistance has also been extensively studied. However, their functions in F. graminearum, a fungal pathogen, remain relatively unknown. In this study, the biological functions of the FgSCP gene in F. graminearum were investigated. The study revealed that mutations in FgSCP affected the nutritional growth, sexual reproduction, and stress tolerance of F. graminearum. Furthermore, the deletion of FgSCP resulted in reduced pathogenicity and hindered the biosynthesis of deoxynivalenol. The upregulation of FgSCP expression 3 days after infection indicated its involvement in host invasion, possibly acting as a \"smokescreen\" to deceive the host and suppress the expression of host defensive genes. Subsequently, we confirmed the secretion ability of FgSCP and its ability to inhibit the cell death induced by INF1 in Nicotiana benthamiana cells, indicating its potential role as an effector protein in suppressing plant immune responses and promoting infection. In summary, we have identified FgSCP as an essential effector protein in F. graminearum, playing critical roles in growth, virulence, secondary metabolism, and host invasion.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2131-2142"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141238195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diffusible signal factor (DSF)-mediated quorum sensing modulates swarming in Xanthomonas albilineans. 可扩散信号因子（DSF）介导的法定量感应可调节白化黄单胞菌的群集。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0076-R

MeiLin Li, YiXue Bao, WenHan Chen, YiSha Li, JinXia Du, Abdullah Khan, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Charles A Powell, BaoShan Chen, MuQing Zhang

{"title":"Diffusible signal factor (DSF)-mediated quorum sensing modulates swarming in Xanthomonas albilineans.","authors":"MeiLin Li, YiXue Bao, WenHan Chen, YiSha Li, JinXia Du, Abdullah Khan, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Charles A Powell, BaoShan Chen, MuQing Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0076-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0076-R","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthomonas spp. are plant pathogens known for significantly impacting crop yields. Among them, Xanthomonas albilineans (Xal) is notable for colonizing the xylem and causing sugarcane leaf scald disease. This study employed homologous recombination to mutate quorum sensing (QS) regulatory genes (rpf) to investigate their role in Xal pathogenicity. Deletions of rpfF (ΔrpfF), rpfC (ΔrpfC), and rpfG (ΔrpfG) led to reduced swarming, growth, and virulence. However, DSF supplementation restored swarming and growth in the ΔrpfF mutant. Deleting rpfC, rpfG, and rpfF also reduced twitching motility and affected Type IV Pilus (T4P) expression. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ΔrpfF positively regulates flagellar genes. DSF supplementation in ΔrpfF (ΔrpfF-DSF) modulated the expression of flagellar, chemotaxis, and T4P genes. These findings elucidate the DSF-mediated swarming pathway in Xal and provide valuable insights into its regulatory mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Siderophore Produced by Bacillus velezensis YL2021 and Its Application in Controlling Rice Sheath Blight and Rice Blast. Velezensis YL2021 杆菌产生的苷酸的特性及其在防治水稻鞘枯病和稻瘟病中的应用

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0148-R

Youzhou Liu, Chen Dai, Yang Zuo, Junqing Qiao, Jiahui Shen, Xiaole Yin, Yongfeng Liu

{"title":"Characterization of Siderophore Produced by Bacillus velezensis YL2021 and Its Application in Controlling Rice Sheath Blight and Rice Blast.","authors":"Youzhou Liu, Chen Dai, Yang Zuo, Junqing Qiao, Jiahui Shen, Xiaole Yin, Yongfeng Liu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0148-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0148-R","url":null,"abstract":"Bacillus velezensis YL2021 has extensive antimicrobial activities against phytopathogens, and its genome harbors a catechol-type siderophore biosynthesis gene cluster. Here, we describe the characterization of siderophore produced by strain YL2021 and its antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo. A few types of siderophores were detected by chrome azurol S plates coupled with Arnow's test, purified and identified by Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). We found that strain YL2021 can produce different antimicrobial compounds under low-iron M9 medium or iron-sufficient LB medium although antimicrobial activities can be easily observed on the two media as described above in vitro. Strain YL2021 can produce at least three catechol-type siderophores in low-iron M9 medium while no siderophore was produced in LB medium. Among them, the main antimicrobial siderophore produced by strain YL2021 was bacillibactin, with m/z of 882, based on the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis, which has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive, Gram-negative bacteria, the oomycete Phytophthora capsici and phytopathogenic fungi. Moreover, the antifungal activity of siderophore including bacillibactin observed in vitro was correlated with control efficacies against rice sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani and rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae in vivo. Collectively, the results demonstrate that siderophore including bacillibactin produced by Bacillus velezensis YL2021 is a promising biocontrol agent for application in rice disease control.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genotypic and Phenotypic Analyses Show Ralstonia solanacearum Cool Virulence is a Quantitative Trait Not Restricted to "Race 3 biovar 2". 基因型和表型分析表明，Ralstonia solanacearum 冷却毒性是一种数量性状，并不局限于 "Race 3 biovar 2"。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0187-R

Ronnie J Dewberry, Parul Sharma, Jessica L Prom, Noah A Kinscherf, Tiffany Lowe-Power, Reza Mazloom, Xuemei Zhang, Haijie Liu, Mohammad Arif, Michael Stulberg, Lenwood S Heath, Kellye Eversole, Gwyn A Beattie, Boris A Vinatzer, Caitilyn Allen

{"title":"Genotypic and Phenotypic Analyses Show Ralstonia solanacearum Cool Virulence is a Quantitative Trait Not Restricted to \"Race 3 biovar 2\".","authors":"Ronnie J Dewberry, Parul Sharma, Jessica L Prom, Noah A Kinscherf, Tiffany Lowe-Power, Reza Mazloom, Xuemei Zhang, Haijie Liu, Mohammad Arif, Michael Stulberg, Lenwood S Heath, Kellye Eversole, Gwyn A Beattie, Boris A Vinatzer, Caitilyn Allen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0187-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0187-R","url":null,"abstract":"Most Ralstonia solanacearum species complex strains cause bacterial wilts in tropical or subtropical zones, but the group known as Race 3 biovar 2 (R3bv2) is cool virulent and causes potato brown rot at lower temperatures. R3bv2 has invaded potato-growing regions around the world but is not established in the United States. Phylogenetically, R3bv2 corresponds to a subset of the R. solanacearum phylotype IIB clade, but little is known about the distribution of the cool virulence phenotype within phylotype IIB. Therefore, genomes of 76 potentially cool virulent phylotype IIB strains and 30 public genomes were phylogenetically analyzed. A single clonal lineage within the sequevar 1 subclade of phylotype IIB that originated in South America has caused nearly all brown rot outbreaks worldwide. To correlate genotypes with relevant phenotypes, we quantified virulence of ten Ralstonia strains on tomato and potato at both 22°C and 28°C. Cool virulence on tomato did not predict cool virulence on potato. We found that cool virulence is a quantitative trait. Strains in the sequevar 1 pandemic clonal lineage caused the most disease, while other R3bv2 strains were only moderately cool virulent. However, some non-R3bv2 strains were highly cool virulent and aggressively colonized potato tubers. Thus, cool virulence is not consistently correlated with strains historically classified as R3bv2 group. To aid detection of sequevar 1 strains, this group was genomically delimited in the LINbase web server and a sequevar 1 diagnostic primer pair was developed and validated. We discuss implications of these results for the R3bv2 definition.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Untargeted metabolomic analysis reveals a potential role of saponins in the partial resistance of pea (Pisum sativum) against a root rot pathogen, Aphanomyces euteiches. 非靶向代谢组分析揭示了皂素在豌豆（Pisum sativum）对根腐病病原体 Aphanomyces euteiches 的部分抗性中的潜在作用。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0151-R

Ravinder K Goyal, Joseph P M Hui, Jeffery Ranches, Roumiana Stefanova, Alysson Jones, Arjun H Banskota, Ian Burton, Bianyun Yu, Fabrice Berrue, Albert Hannig, Shawn Clark, Syama Chatterton, Sangeeta Dhaubhadel, Junzeng Zhang

{"title":"Untargeted metabolomic analysis reveals a potential role of saponins in the partial resistance of pea (Pisum sativum) against a root rot pathogen, Aphanomyces euteiches.","authors":"Ravinder K Goyal, Joseph P M Hui, Jeffery Ranches, Roumiana Stefanova, Alysson Jones, Arjun H Banskota, Ian Burton, Bianyun Yu, Fabrice Berrue, Albert Hannig, Shawn Clark, Syama Chatterton, Sangeeta Dhaubhadel, Junzeng Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0151-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0151-R","url":null,"abstract":"In soil-borne diseases, the plant-pathogen interaction begins as soon as the seed germinates and develops into a seedling. Aphanomyces euteiches, an oomycete, stays dormant in soil and gets activated by sensing the host through chemical signals present in the root exudates. The composition of plant exudates may, thus, play an important role during the early phase of infection. To better understand the role of root exudates in plant resistance, we investigated the interaction between partially resistant lines (PI660736 and PI557500) and susceptible pea cultivars (CDC Meadow and AAC Chrome) against Aphanomyces euteiches during the pre-invasion phase. The root exudates of two sets of cultivars clearly distinguished from each other in inducing oospore germination. PI557500 root exudate not only had diminished induction but also inhibited the oospore germination. The contrast between the root exudates of resistance and susceptible cultivars was reflected in their metabolic profiles. Data from fractionation and oospore germination inhibitory experiments identified a group of saponins that accumulated differentially in susceptible and resistant cultivars. We detected 56 saponins and quantified 44 of them in pea root and 30 from root exudate; the majority of them, especially Soyasaponin I and dehydrosoyasaponin I with potent in vitro inhibitory activities, were present in significantly higher amounts in both roots and root exudates of PI660736 and PI557500 as compared to Meadow and Chrome. Our results provide evidence for saponins as deterrents against Aphanomyces euteiches, which might have contributed to the resistance against root rot in the studied pea cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142056320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A gene cassette Vd276-280 in Verticillium dahliae contains two genes that affect melanized microsclerotium formation and virulence. 大丽轮枝菌（Verticillium dahliae）中的一个基因盒 Vd276-280 包含两个影响黑色素化小硬壳形成和毒力的基因。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-08-15 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0426-R

Tao Liu, Haonan Yu, Jun Qin, Wenjing Shang, Jieyin Chen, Krishna V Subbarao, Xiaoping Hu

{"title":"A gene cassette Vd276-280 in Verticillium dahliae contains two genes that affect melanized microsclerotium formation and virulence.","authors":"Tao Liu, Haonan Yu, Jun Qin, Wenjing Shang, Jieyin Chen, Krishna V Subbarao, Xiaoping Hu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0426-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-11-23-0426-R","url":null,"abstract":"Verticillium dahliae is a soilborne phytopathogenic fungus causing Verticillium wilt on hundreds of plant species. Several sequenced genomes of V. dahliae are available, but functional characterization of most genes has just begun. Based on our previous comparison of the transcriptome from the wild-type and ΔVdCf2 strains, a significant upregulation of the gene cassette, Vd276-280, in the ΔVdCf2 strain was observed. In this study, the functional characterization of the Vd276-280 gene cassette was performed. Agrobacterium-mediated knockout of this gene cassette in V. dahliae significantly inhibited conidiation, melanized microsclerotium formation in the mutant strains, and their virulence towards cotton. Furthermore, deletion of individual genes in the Vd276-280 gene cassette identified that the disruption of VDAG_07276 and VDAG_07280 delayed microsclerotium formation, inhibited conidiation, and reduced virulence towards cotton. Our data suggest that VDAG_07276 and VDAG_07280 in the Vd276-280 gene cassette mainly act as positive regulators of development and virulence in V. dahliae.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141983040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new vector of Xylella fastidiosa: The role of Mesoptyelus impictifrons as a vector in Israel. Xylella fastidiosa 的新病媒：Mesoptyelus impictifrons 在以色列的病媒作用。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0111-SC

Maor Tomer, Liat Gidron-Heinemann, Elad Chiel, Rakefet Sharon

{"title":"A new vector of Xylella fastidiosa: The role of Mesoptyelus impictifrons as a vector in Israel.","authors":"Maor Tomer, Liat Gidron-Heinemann, Elad Chiel, Rakefet Sharon","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0111-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0111-SC","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa has been spreading in almond orchards (causing almond leaf scorch) and in grapevines (causing Pierce's disease) in northern Israel. Sucking insects specialized for xylem sap-feeding transmit this plant pathogen but the identity of the vector(s) in Israel has not been determined. Hence, we sought to determine the main potential vector(s) of X. fastidiosa in Israel. In our surveys in northern Israel, we collected and identified four species of spittlebugs: Neophilaenus campestris, Philaenus arslani, Cercopis intermedia, and Mesoptyelus impictifrons. The first two species were found in very low numbers. Cercopis intermedia was found only in spring and did not transmit X. fastidiosa in controlled experiments. Mesoptyelus impictifrons was the most abundant and widely distributed species in our survey and was found in and around infected vineyards in northern Israel. In controlled experiments we found that 35%-39% of M. impictifrons adults acquire X. fastidiosa from infected vines and almonds and subsequently transmit it to vines and almonds. Taken together, this study suggests that M. impictifrons is an important new vector of X. fastidiosa in almond orchards and vineyards in northern Israel. Further studies are needed on M. impictifrons' biology, ecology, and role as a vector of X. fastidiosa.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distribution and Sequestration of Cercosporin by Cercospora cf. flagellaris. 旗孢子菌对纤孢素的分布和螯合作用。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0310-R

Maria Izabel Costa de Novaes, Clark Robertson, Vinson P Doyle, David Burk, Sara Thomas-Sharma

{"title":"Distribution and Sequestration of Cercosporin by Cercospora cf. flagellaris.","authors":"Maria Izabel Costa de Novaes, Clark Robertson, Vinson P Doyle, David Burk, Sara Thomas-Sharma","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0310-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-23-0310-R","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-pathogenic fungi produce toxins as virulence factors in many plant diseases. In Cercospora leaf blight of soybean caused by Cercospora cf. flagellaris, symptoms are a consequence of the production of a perylenequinone toxin, cercosporin, which is light-activated to produce damaging reactive oxygen species. Cercosporin is universally toxic to cells, except to the cells of the producer. The current model of self-resistance to cercosporin is largely attributed to the maintenance of cercosporin in a chemically reduced state inside hyphae, unassociated with cellular organelles. However, in another perylenequinone-producing fungus, Phaeosphaeria sp., the toxin was specifically sequestered inside lipid droplets (LDs) to prevent reactive oxygen species production. This study hypothesized that LD-based sequestration of cercosporin occurred in C. cf. flagellaris and that lipid-inhibiting fungicides could inhibit toxin production. Confocal microscopy using light-cultured C. cf. flagellaris indicated that 3-day-old hyphae contained two forms of cercosporin distributed in two types of hyphae. Reduced cercosporin was uniformly distributed in the cytoplasm of thick, primary hyphae, and, contrary to previous studies, active cercosporin was observed specifically in the LDs of thin, secondary hyphae. The production of hyphae of two different thicknesses, a characteristic of hemibiotrophic plant pathogens, has not been documented in C. cf. flagellaris. No correlation was observed between cercosporin production and total lipid extracted, and two lipid-inhibiting fungicides had little effect on fungal growth in growth-inhibition assays. This study lays a foundation for exploring the importance of pathogen lifestyle, toxin production, and LD content in the pathogenicity and symptomology of Cercospora.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1822-1831"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Elicited Flax Sheds Light on the Kinetics of Immune Defense Activation Against the Biotrophic Pathogen Oidium lini. 对亚麻诱导的转录组和代谢组双重分析揭示了针对生物营养型病原体Oidium lini的免疫防御激活动力学。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-06 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0070-KC

Géraldine van Aubel, Emmanuel Van Cutsem, Amélie Emond, Göran Métillon, Émilie Cordier, Pierre Van Cutsem

{"title":"Dual Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis of Elicited Flax Sheds Light on the Kinetics of Immune Defense Activation Against the Biotrophic Pathogen Oidium lini.","authors":"Géraldine van Aubel, Emmanuel Van Cutsem, Amélie Emond, Göran Métillon, Émilie Cordier, Pierre Van Cutsem","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0070-KC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-24-0070-KC","url":null,"abstract":"Flax (Linum usitatissimum) grown under controlled conditions displayed genotype-dependent resistance to powdery mildew (Oidium lini) following COS-OGA (comprising chitosan- and pectin-derived oligomers) elicitor application. The present study reveals a two-step immune response in plants preventively challenged with the elicitor: an initial, rapid response characterized by the transcription of defense genes whose protein products act in contact with or within the cell wall, where biotrophic pathogens initially thrive, followed by a prolonged activation of cell wall peroxidases and accumulation of secondary metabolites. Thus, dozens of genes encoding membrane receptors, pathogenesis-related proteins, and wall peroxidases were initially overexpressed. Repeated COS-OGA treatments had a transient effect on the transcriptome response while cumulatively remodeling the metabolome over time, with a minimum of two applications required for maximal metabolomic shifts. Secondary metabolites, in particular terpenoids and phenylpropanoids, emerged as major components of this secondary defense response alongside pathogenesis-related proteins and wall peroxidases. The sustained accumulation of secondary metabolites, even after cessation of elicitation, contrasted with the short-lived transcriptomic response. Wall peroxidase enzyme activity also exhibited cumulative effects, increasing strongly for weeks after a third elicitor treatment. This underscores the plasticity of the plant immune response in the face of a potential infection, and the need for repeated preventive applications to achieve the full protective potential of the elicitor.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1904-1916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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