Phytopathology最新文献_第7页

A systematic approach for identifying unique genomic sequences for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 and development of molecular diagnostic tools. 确定 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 的独特基因组序列和开发分子诊断工具的系统方法。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0142-R

Ningxiao Li, David M Geiser, Jacob L Steenwyk, Cayla Tsuchida, Steve Koike, Stephanie Slinski, Frank N Martin

{"title":"A systematic approach for identifying unique genomic sequences for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae race 1 and development of molecular diagnostic tools.","authors":"Ningxiao Li, David M Geiser, Jacob L Steenwyk, Cayla Tsuchida, Steve Koike, Stephanie Slinski, Frank N Martin","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0142-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0142-R","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOLac) is a soil- and seedborne fungal pathogen that causes Fusarium wilt of lettuce, an important disease threatening global lettuce production. Based on pathogenicity on differential lettuce cultivars, four races (1-4) have been identified, with race 1 the only race detected in the United States, and the closely related, emerging race 4 known only in Europe. The development of race-specific diagnostic tools is hindered by insufficient genomic data to distinguish between the two races and FOLac from other F. oxysporum formae speciales and nonpathogenic isolates. Here, we describe a systematic approach for developing diagnostic markers for FOLac race 1 that utilized a comprehensive sequence database of F. oxysporum to identify 15 unique genomic sequences. Marker specificity was validated through an exhaustive screening process against genomic data from 797 F. oxysporum isolates representing 64 formae speciales and various plants and non-plant substrates. One of the unique sequences was used to develop a TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and a recombinase polymerase amplification assay, both exhibiting 100% sensitivity and specificity when tested against purified DNA from 171 F. oxysporum isolates and 69 lettuce samples. The relationship between qPCR Ct values and colony forming units (CFU)/g values was also determined. This study not only introduces a new marker for FOLac race 1 diagnostics and soil quantitation, but also underscores the value of an extensive genomic database and screening software pipeline for developing molecular diagnostics for F. oxysporum formae speciales and other fungal taxa.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phenazine-1-carboxamide Regulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase of Phytopathogenic Fungi to Control Tea Leaf Spot Caused by Didymella segeticola. 吩嗪-1-甲酰胺调节植物病原真菌的丙酮酸脱氢酶，以控制由Didymella segeticola引起的茶叶斑点病。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0209-R

Zeqi Qi, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Jiayu Yin, Delu Wang, Nazeer Ahmed, Yue Ma, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Zhuo Chen

{"title":"Phenazine-1-carboxamide Regulates Pyruvate Dehydrogenase of Phytopathogenic Fungi to Control Tea Leaf Spot Caused by Didymella segeticola.","authors":"Zeqi Qi, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Jiayu Yin, Delu Wang, Nazeer Ahmed, Yue Ma, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0209-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-07-24-0209-R","url":null,"abstract":"Due to a lack of understanding of the disease epidemiology and comprehensive control measures, tea leaf spot caused by Didymella segeticola has a significant negative impact on tea yield and quality in the tea plantations of Southwest China. Phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN) is a phenazine compound derived from Pseudomonas species, which exhibits antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. However, its inhibitory mechanism is not yet clear. The current study evaluated the inhibitory activity of PCN against various phytopathogenic fungi and found that PCN has inhibitory activity against multiple pathogens, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value for D. segeticola of 16.11 μg/mL in vitro and a maximum in-vivo curative activity of 72.28% toward tea leaf spot. Morphological changes in the hyphae after exposure to PCN were observed through microstructure and ultrastructure analysis, and indicated that PCN causes abnormalities in the hyphae, such as cytoplasmic coagulation, shortened hyphal inter-septum distances, and unclear boundaries of organelles. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that PCN upregulated the expression of genes related with energy metabolism. PCN significantly reduced the ATP concentration in the hyphae and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Molecular docking analysis indicated that PCN binds to one of the candidate target proteins, pyruvate dehydrogenase, with lower free energy of -10.7 kcal/mol. This study indicated that PCN can interfere with energy metabolism, reducing ATP generation, ultimately affecting hyphal growth. Overall, PCN shows potential for future application in the control of tea leaf spot due to its excellent antifungal activity and unique mode of action.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Microbial Metabolite Wuyiencin Potential Targets Threonine dehydratase in Didymella segeticola to Achieve Control of Tea Leaf Spot. 微生物代谢物武夷菌素能潜在地靶向半知菌（Didymella segeticola）体内的苏氨酸脱水酶，从而达到防治茶叶斑点病的目的。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0200-R

Youli Ma, Peiying Li, Wenjing Xie, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Atta Ur Rehman, Delu Wang, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Yue Ma, Zhuo Chen

{"title":"The Microbial Metabolite Wuyiencin Potential Targets Threonine dehydratase in Didymella segeticola to Achieve Control of Tea Leaf Spot.","authors":"Youli Ma, Peiying Li, Wenjing Xie, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Atta Ur Rehman, Delu Wang, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Yue Ma, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0200-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0200-R","url":null,"abstract":"Tea leaf spot caused by Didymella segeticola is a disease that has recently been discovered in the tea plantations of Southwest China, and which has a significant negative impact on the yield and quality of tea leaves. Wuyiencin is a nucleotide antimicrobial that is effective against a range of fungal diseases. However, its mode of action is still unclear. The current study found that wuyiencin inhibited the mycelial growth of D. segeticola in vitro. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments confirmed that wuyiencin had a significant curative effect on tea leaf spot. Microscopic observation represented it damaged the organelles and nucleus in fungal cells. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR assays revealed that mycelium treated with wuyiencin at the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) dosage for 1 hour exhibited 3.23 times lower expression of Threonine dehydratase (Td) gene, which is responsible for producing pyruvate. The wild type (WT) strain had a 1.77-fold higher pyruvate concentration than that in the td mutant (P < 0.05). The td mutant was more sensitive than the WT to wuyiencin treatment, with the EC50 value in the td mutant being 30.01 μg/ml, compared with 82.34 μg/ml in the WT. Molecular docking demonstrated that wuyiencin bound to Td, with a binding energy of -10.47 kcal/mol. Compared with the WT strain, wuyiencin significantly reduced ATP concentration of the td mutant strain at dosages of 80.0 and 160.0 µg/ml. In total, wuyiencin reduced Td activity, inhibited pyruvate production, and decreased ATP content in the phytopathogenic fungus, ultimately disturbing the growth of the mycelium.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins differentially inhibit root-associated microbiota in apple, including fungal and oomycetal replant disease pathogens. 联苯和二苯并呋喃类植物毒素对苹果根部相关微生物群（包括真菌和卵菌再植病病原体）的抑制作用不同。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0088-R

Belnaser A Busnena, Ludger Beerhues, Benye Liu

{"title":"Biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins differentially inhibit root-associated microbiota in apple, including fungal and oomycetal replant disease pathogens.","authors":"Belnaser A Busnena, Ludger Beerhues, Benye Liu","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0088-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0088-R","url":null,"abstract":"Apple replant disease (ARD) is a serious soilborne disease in apple nurseries and orchards worldwide. ARD is the result of an unbalanced soil microbiome in which multiple soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi, oomycetes and nematodes form a disease complex. Biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins are found in greater quantities in the roots of apple plants grown in ARD soil compared to disinfected ARD soil. However, the contribution of these compounds to plant health or disease is not yet understood. Here, the antimicrobial activity of fourteen chemically synthesized biphenyl and dibenzofuran phytoalexins was tested against eight selected microorganisms isolated from either rhizosphere soils or apple roots. These included five potentially beneficial bacteria (Rhodococcus pseudokoreensis strain R79T, Rhodococcus koreensis strain R85, Streptomyces pulveraceus strain ES16, Streptomyces ciscaucasicus GS2, Priestia megaterium strain B1), two ARD fungal pathogens (Ilyonectria robusta H131 and Dactylonectria torresensis N3) and one oomycete (Globisporangium terrestre). Two phytoalexin mixtures reflecting the percentages of the individual compounds inside the roots (Mixture A) and the root exudate (Mixture B) were also tested. The two phytoalexin mixtures demonstrated a higher antimicrobial activity than the individual phytoalexins, suggesting a synergistic effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values determined to be active against the eight microbes were within a range of 2.5-fold the ecologically relevant phytoalexin concentration (approximately 33 and 24 µg ml-1 in roots and exudates, respectively). The results contribute to our understanding of the impact of apple root phytoalexins on ARD and suggest potential strategies for disease management.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An integrated analysis of the Passifloraceae virome using public-domain data. 利用公共域数据综合分析西番莲科植物病毒群。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-24-0269-FI

Monica Higuita, Juliana Sanchez-Yali, Alejandra Perez, Engie Arias, Pablo A Gutierrez

{"title":"An integrated analysis of the Passifloraceae virome using public-domain data.","authors":"Monica Higuita, Juliana Sanchez-Yali, Alejandra Perez, Engie Arias, Pablo A Gutierrez","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-08-24-0269-FI","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-08-24-0269-FI","url":null,"abstract":"Passifloraceae is a plant family that includes several species of interest in the food, medicinal, and ornamental industries. The most relevant species are the purple and yellow varieties of P. edulis, which are among the most highly prized tropical fruits in the international markets. Unfortunately, the rapid expansion of this crop worldwide has resulted in the emergence of several viral diseases that endangered the productivity of this crop. In this work, we performed an integrated analysis of the Passifloraceae virome using public data. We investigated Pubmed and Genbank records and analyzed all the transcriptome data available for members of this plant family. This analysis resulted in the identification of six novel virus associations and six putative new viral species. We also used RNAseq to inspect virus accumulation levels and mixed infections. Using network analysis, we also examined the global distribution of Passiflora viruses and their associations with alternative hosts, which is valuable information in implementing viral disease management strategies. Our data suggest that a large diversity of viruses remains to be discovered. Finally, we used the information gathered in this work to estimate the cross-transmission risk of viruses in Colombian Passiflora fields.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CbCyp51-Mediated Demethylation Inhibitor Resistance Is Modulated by Codon Bias. CbCyp51 介导的 DMI 抗性受密码子偏差的调节。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0034-R

Lorena I Rangel, Nathan Wyatt, Isaac Courneya, Mari B Natwick, Gary A Secor, Viviana Rivera-Varas, Melvin D Bolton

{"title":"CbCyp51-Mediated Demethylation Inhibitor Resistance Is Modulated by Codon Bias.","authors":"Lorena I Rangel, Nathan Wyatt, Isaac Courneya, Mari B Natwick, Gary A Secor, Viviana Rivera-Varas, Melvin D Bolton","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0034-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0034-R","url":null,"abstract":"Cercospora leaf spot, caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugarbeet worldwide. Resistance to the sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide tetraconazole has been previously correlated with synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations in CbCyp51. Here, we extend these analyses to the DMI fungicides prothioconazole, difenoconazole, and mefentrifluconazole in addition to tetraconazole to confirm whether the synonymous and nonsynonymous mutations at amino acid positions 144 and 170 are associated with resistance to these fungicides. Nearly half of the 593 isolates of C. beticola collected in the Red River Valley of North Dakota and Minnesota in 2021 were resistant to all four DMIs. Another 20% were resistant to tetraconazole and prothioconazole but sensitive to difenoconazole and mefentrifluconazole. A total of 13% of isolates were sensitive to all DMIs tested. We found five CbCyp51 haplotypes and associated them with phenotypes to the four DMIs. The most predominant haplotype (E170_A/L144F_C) correlated with resistance to all four DMIs with up to 97.6% accuracy. The second most common haplotype (E170_A/L144) consisted of isolates associated with resistance phenotypes to tetraconazole and prothioconazole while also exhibiting sensitive phenotypes to difenoconazole and mefentrifluconazole with up to 98.4% accuracy. Quantitative PCR did not identify differences in CbCyp51 expression between haplotypes. This study offers an understanding of the importance of codon usage in fungicide resistance and provides crop management acuity for fungicide application decision-making.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2262-2272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Explains Hop Growers' Fungicide Use Intensity and Management Costs in Response to Powdery Mildew? 酒花种植者在应对白粉病时使用杀菌剂的强度和管理成本的原因是什么？

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0127-R

Jae Young Hwang, Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya, Shirshendu Chatterjee, Thomas L Marsh, Joshua F Pedro, David H Gent

{"title":"What Explains Hop Growers' Fungicide Use Intensity and Management Costs in Response to Powdery Mildew?","authors":"Jae Young Hwang, Sharmodeep Bhattacharyya, Shirshendu Chatterjee, Thomas L Marsh, Joshua F Pedro, David H Gent","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0127-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0127-R","url":null,"abstract":"Methods for causal inference from observational data are common in human disease epidemiology and social sciences but are used relatively little in plant pathology. We draw upon an extensive data set of the incidence of hop plants with powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) collected from yards in Oregon from 2014 to 2017 and associated metadata on grower cultural practices, cultivar susceptibility to powdery mildew, and pesticide application records to understand variation in and causes of growers' fungicide use and associated costs. An instrumental causal forest model identified growers' spring pruning thoroughness, cultivar susceptibility to two of the dominant pathogenic races of P. macularis, network centrality of yards during May-June and June-July time transitions, and the initial strain of the fungus detected as important variables determining the number of pesticide active constituents applied by growers and the associated costs they incurred in response to powdery mildew. Exposure-response function models fit after covariate weighting indicated that both the number of pesticide active constituents applied and their associated costs scaled linearly with the seasonal mean incidence of plants with powdery mildew. Although the causes of pesticide use intensity are multifaceted, biological and production factors collectively influence the incidence of powdery mildew, which has a direct exposure-response relationship with the number of pesticide active constituents that growers apply and their costs. Our analyses point to several potential strategies for reducing pesticide use and costs for management of powdery mildew on hop. We also highlight the utility of these methods for causal inference in observational studies.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2287-2299"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Soybean Cyst Nematode Inbred Populations Non-adapted or Adapted on Soybean rhg1-a/Rhg4-Mediated Resistance. 不适应或适应大豆 rhg1-a/Rhg4 介导的抗性的大豆胞囊线虫近交系种群的转录组比较分析。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0095-R

Khee Man Kwon, Rick E Masonbrink, Thomas R Maier, Michael N Gardner, Andrew J Severin, Thomas J Baum, Melissa G Mitchum

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Soybean Cyst Nematode Inbred Populations Non-adapted or Adapted on Soybean rhg1-a/Rhg4-Mediated Resistance.","authors":"Khee Man Kwon, Rick E Masonbrink, Thomas R Maier, Michael N Gardner, Andrew J Severin, Thomas J Baum, Melissa G Mitchum","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0095-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-24-0095-R","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) is most effectively managed through planting resistant soybean cultivars, but the repeated use of the same resistance sources has led to a widespread emergence of virulent SCN populations that can overcome soybean resistance. Resistance to SCN HG type 0 (Race 3) in soybean cultivar Forrest is mediated by an epistatic interaction between the soybean resistance genes rhg1-a and Rhg4. We previously developed two SCN inbred populations by mass-selecting SCN HG type 0 (Race 3) on susceptible and resistant recombinant inbred lines, derived from a cross between Forrest and the SCN-susceptible cultivar Essex, which differ for Rhg4. To identify SCN genes potentially involved in overcoming rhg1-a/Rhg4-mediated resistance, we conducted RNA sequencing on early parasitic juveniles of these two SCN inbred populations infecting their respective hosts, only to discover a handful of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). However, in a comparison with early parasitic juveniles of an avirulent SCN inbred population infecting a resistant host, we discovered 59 and 171 DEGs uniquely up- or downregulated in virulent parasitic juveniles adapted on the resistant host. Interestingly, the proteins coded by these 59 DEGs included vitamin B-associated proteins (reduced folate carrier, biotin synthase, and thiamine transporter) and nematode effectors known to play roles in plant defense suppression, suggesting that virulent SCN may exert a heightened transcriptional response to cope with enhanced plant defenses and an altered nutritional status of a resistant soybean host. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2341-2350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Increasing Soil Salinity on Genetic Resistance (I-3 Gene)-Based Management of Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi Race 3) in California Processing Tomatoes. 土壤盐度增加对基于遗传抗性（I-3 基因）的加利福尼亚加工番茄镰刀菌枯萎病（F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi race 3）管理的影响。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0402-KC

Elizabeth M Hellman, Thomas Turini, Cassandra L Swett

{"title":"Impacts of Increasing Soil Salinity on Genetic Resistance (I-3 Gene)-Based Management of Fusarium Wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi Race 3) in California Processing Tomatoes.","authors":"Elizabeth M Hellman, Thomas Turini, Cassandra L Swett","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0402-KC","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-23-0402-KC","url":null,"abstract":"California is the primary processing tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) producer in the United States. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopercisi race 3 (Fol3), the cause of Fusarium wilt, is a major driver of yield losses. Fol3 has recently been observed causing disease in resistant cultivars (I-3 R-gene), often reported in association with high soil salinity. This study was undertaken to better understand the role of salinity in compromising resistance-based management of Fol3. Surveys established opportunity for salinity-Fol3-tomato interactions in 44% of commercial fields examined, with harmful soil salt levels up to 3.6 dS/m (P < 0.001), high sodium (P < 0.001), and high sodicity (sodium adsorption ratio > 13; P < 0.001). In controlled field studies of Fol3 in NaCl/CaCl2-treated soil, Fol3-resistant cultivars either only developed wilt under salt or only developed wilt above the industry non-hybrid threshold (2%) under salt across two trial years. The absence of yield differences indicates low to no economic impact of disease enhancement (P > 0.05). NaCl, CaCl2, and Na2SO4 had no effect on Fol3 propagule production in liquid agar versus water agar controls (P > 0.05), although CaCl2 increased propagule loads sevenfold versus ionic controls (polyethylene glycol) (P = 0.036). NaCl/CaCl2 (2:1) reduced propagule loads up to 65% versus no salt (P = 0.029) in soil with pathogen-infested tomato tissue. These results together establish the opportunity for salinity-Fol3-tomato interactions and potential for salt to influence the efficacy of resistant cultivar-based management-this does not appear to be primarily due to salt enhancement of pathogen populations, pointing to a yet-unexplored direct influence of salt on host resistance.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2252-2261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141793096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Venom Allergen-Like Protein BxVAP1, Triggering Plant Defense-Related Programmed Cell Death, Plays an Important Role in Regulating Pinus massoniana Terpene Defense Responses. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus 毒液过敏原样蛋白 BxVAP1 触发植物防御相关的程序性细胞死亡，在调控 Pinus massoniana 萜烯防御反应中发挥重要作用。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0026-R

Yuqian Feng, Yongxia Li, Zhenkai Liu, Xuan Wang, Wei Zhang, Dongzhen Li, Xiaojian Wen, Xingyao Zhang

{"title":"Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Venom Allergen-Like Protein BxVAP1, Triggering Plant Defense-Related Programmed Cell Death, Plays an Important Role in Regulating Pinus massoniana Terpene Defense Responses.","authors":"Yuqian Feng, Yongxia Li, Zhenkai Liu, Xuan Wang, Wei Zhang, Dongzhen Li, Xiaojian Wen, Xingyao Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0026-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-24-0026-R","url":null,"abstract":"Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine wood nematode, PWN), a migratory plant-parasitic nematode, acts as an etiological agent, inflicting considerable damage to pine forests worldwide. Plant immunity constitutes a crucial factor in resisting various pathogenic invasions. The primary defensive responses of host pines against PWN infection encompass terpene accumulation, defense response-related gene expression, and programmed cell death. Venom allergen-like proteins (VAPs), as potential effectors, are instrumental in facilitating the successful colonization of PWNs. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of B. xylophilus VAP (BxVAP1) expression by RNA interference in vitro. Following BxVAP1 silencing, the reproduction rate and migration rate of the PWN population in Pinus massoniana decreased, the expression of the α-pinene synthase gene was induced, other terpene synthase and pathogenesis-related genes were inhibited and delayed, the peak times and levels of terpene-related substances were changed, and the degree of cavitation in P. massoniana was diminished. Transient expression of BxVAP1 in Nicotiana benthamiana revealed that BxVAP1 was expressed in both the cell membrane and nucleus, inducing programmed cell death and the expression of pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity marker genes (NbAcre31 and NbPTI5). This study is the first to demonstrate that silencing the BxVAP1 gene affects host defense responses, including terpenoid metabolism in P. massoniana, and that BxVAP1 can be recognized by N. benthamiana as an effector to trigger its innate immunity, expanding our understanding of the parasitic mechanism of B. xylophilus.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"2331-2340"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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