Phytopathology最新文献_第7页

The Influence of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Resistance of Pine Roots to Pathogenic Infections. I. Antagonism of Mycorrhizal Fungi to Root Pathogenic Fungi and Soil Bacteria. 异养菌根真菌对松根抗病性的影响。菌根真菌对根致病真菌和土壤细菌的拮抗作用。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-59-153

Donald H Marx

{"title":"The Influence of Ectotrophic Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Resistance of Pine Roots to Pathogenic Infections. I. Antagonism of Mycorrhizal Fungi to Root Pathogenic Fungi and Soil Bacteria.","authors":"Donald H Marx","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-59-153","DOIUrl":"10.1094/Phyto-59-153","url":null,"abstract":"Antagonism of ectotrophic mycorrhizal fungi to Phytophthora cinnamomi, other root pathogenic fungi, and soil bacteria was examined. In agar plate tests, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius deliciosus, Leucopaxillus cerealis var. piceina, Pisolithus tinctorius, and Suillus luteus inhibited growth of nearly half of the 48 different fungal root pathogens. Leucopaxillus cerealis var. piceina inhibited 92% of the test pathogens. Differences in sensitivity of several isolates of P. cinnamomi to inhibitions by this symbiont were not found. Culture filtrates of L. cerealis var. piceina were inhibitory also to growth of P. cinnamomi and soil bacteria. Zoospore germination was inhibited completely in filtrates of this symbiont. Maximum antibiotic production occurred during the rapid growth phase in liquid culture. Length of culture incubation and temperature strongly influenced production of inhibitory substances by L. cerealis var. piceina in liquid culture. It grew best from 10 to 20 C, whereas P. tinctorius grew best from 30 to 35 C in liquid culture.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"115 8V","pages":"153-163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanism of Biological Control in a Fusarium-Suppressive Soil. 镰刀菌抑制土壤生物防治机理研究。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-70-412

Fran M Scher, Ralph Baker

{"title":"Mechanism of Biological Control in a Fusarium-Suppressive Soil.","authors":"Fran M Scher, Ralph Baker","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-70-412","DOIUrl":"10.1094/Phyto-70-412","url":null,"abstract":"Metz fine sandy loam soil from the Salinas Valley in California was suppressive to the Fusarium spp. which induce wilts of flax and carnation. Suppressiveness to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi was transferred to conducive soil when the Metz fine sandy loam was added in small amounts to steamed greenhouse soil. Aerated steam treatment of the suppressive soil at 54 C for 30 min eliminated the suppressive effect. Lowering of pH values of the Metz fine sandy loam from 8.0 to 6.0 in unit increments eliminated the suppressive effect. Bacteria were isolated from mycelial mats of F. oxysporum f. sp. lini buried in the suppressive soil and conducive soils. Two isolates from suppressive soil introduced into conducive soil at 105 cells per gram of soil significantly reduced disease incidence of Fusarium wilt of flax. The more effective of these isolates inducing suppressiveness was a Pseudomonas sp. Viability of this organism was drastically reduced when soil was treated with aerated steam at 54 C. These results suggest that suppressiveness in the Metz fine sandy loam is biological in origin and that control of Fusarium wilt diseases may be accomplished through introduction of appropriate species of bacteria into conducive soil.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"70 1","pages":"412-417"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61155740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trichoderma harzianum: A Biocontrol Agent Effective Against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani. 哈兹木霉：一种有效防治罗氏菌核菌和索氏根丝核菌的生物防治剂。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-70-119

Y Elad, I Chet, J Katan

{"title":"Trichoderma harzianum: A Biocontrol Agent Effective Against Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani.","authors":"Y Elad, I Chet, J Katan","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-70-119","DOIUrl":"10.1094/Phyto-70-119","url":null,"abstract":"An isolate of Trichoderma harzianum capable of lysing mycelia of Sclerotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani was isolated from a soil naturally infested with those pathogens. In culture, T. harzianum grew better than S. rolfsii and invaded its mycelium under growth conditions adverse to the pathogen; eg, high pentachloronitrobenzene concentrations, high pH levels, or low temperatures. Under greenhouse conditions, incorporation of the wheat-bran inoculum preparation of T. harzianum in pathogen-infested soil significantly reduced bean diseases caused by S. rolfsii, R. solani, or both, but its biocontrol capacity was inversely correlated with temperature. The wheat bran preparation of T. harzianum increased growth of bean plants in a noninfested soil and it controlled S. rolfsii more efficiently than a conidial suspension of the same antagonist. An uninoculated wheat bran preparation increased disease incidence. In naturally infested soils, wheat bran preparations of T. harzianum inoculum significantly decreased diseases caused by S. rolfsii or R. solani in three field experiments with beans, cotton, or tomatoes, and they significantly increased the yield of beans.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"70 1","pages":"119-121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61154640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vector Preference and Inoculation Efficiency as Components of Resistance to Pierce's Disease in European Grape Cultivars. 欧洲葡萄品种对皮尔斯病抗性的媒介偏好和接种效率研究

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-71-429

Alexander H Purcell

{"title":"Vector Preference and Inoculation Efficiency as Components of Resistance to Pierce's Disease in European Grape Cultivars.","authors":"Alexander H Purcell","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-71-429","DOIUrl":"10.1094/Phyto-71-429","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding preference and inoculation efficiency of the leafhopper, Graphocephala atropunctata (the blue-green sharpshooter) were evaluated as factors affecting the rate of natural spread of Pierce's disease (PD) in European grape (Vitis vinifera) cultivars in California. Significant feeding preferences for certain cultivars were observed in field counts of sharpshooters and in cage trials, but preference was not correlated with resistance. In young potted grapevines no major differences were noted in the resistance of cultivars to infection following exposure to feeding by infectious leafhoppers. Older foliage of cultivars Sylvaner, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chenin blanc, Thompson Seedless, Petit sirah, and Ruby Cabernet was more resistant to infection than was young foliage, but this was not true for cultivar Pinot noir. Older foliage of Flora, Chardonnay, and Mission also was more resistant to infection than was younger foliage in greenhouse tests. Exposure of mature vines growing in the field to leafhopper vectors produced infections that spread much less rapidly from the point of inoculation in some cultivars than in others. In some cultivars fewer infections persisted through the following dormant season than in others. Inoculations by leafhoppers in April through June produced more persistent infections in all cultivars than did inoculations made in July or early August. A theoretical model of the probability of infection using conservative estimates of vector density, infectivity, and transmission efficiency predicted much higher infection levels than those commonly observed under the assumed conditions. Adjusting predicted disease incidence for the persistence of infections through the dormant season as a function of inoculation date produced more realistic rates of disease spread and differences in PD incidence among European grape cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"71 1","pages":"429-435"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61160167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation and Analysis of Double-Stranded RNA from Virus-Infected Plant and Fungal Tissue. 病毒侵染植物及真菌组织中双链RNA的分离与分析。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-69-854

T J Morris, J A Dodds

引用次数: 0

Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol for Detection of Xylella fastidiosa in Plant Tissue. 植物组织中苛养木藻聚合酶链反应检测方法的建立。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-84-456

G V Minsavage, C M Thompson, D L Hopkins, R M V B C Leite, R E Stall

{"title":"Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Protocol for Detection of Xylella fastidiosa in Plant Tissue.","authors":"G V Minsavage, C M Thompson, D L Hopkins, R M V B C Leite, R E Stall","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-84-456","DOIUrl":"10.1094/Phyto-84-456","url":null,"abstract":"A 7.4-kb EcoRI fragment of genomic DNA of Xylella fastidiosa strain PCE-RR (ATCC 35879) was used as a probe and was conserved in 18 strains of Xylella. The nucleotide sequence of a 1.0-kb internal EcoRV portion of the fragment was determined, and oligonucleotides were selected for primers that amplified genomic DNA specific to X. fastidiosa in 33 strains tested by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Plant extracts for PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were obtained by maceration of grape petioles and by vacuum extraction of citrus stems. Known cell numbers of X. fastidiosa were added to the plant extracts contained in a succinate-citrate-phosphate buffer prior to assay. Amplification of DNA by PCR was inhibited in the presence of plant extracts unless sodium ascorbate and acid-washed polyvinylpyrrolidone were added to the extraction buffer. Detection of Xylella by PCR was 100-fold more sensitive than by ELISA; the limits of detection were 1 × 102 cfu/ml for PCR and 2 × 104 cfu/ml for ELISA. Restriction endonuclease digestion of PCR amplification products with RsaI differentiated two pathotypes of X. fastidiosa.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"84 1","pages":"456-461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61214425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Relationship of Pathogenicity in Pseudomonas solanacearum to Colony Appearance on a Tetrazolium Medium. 番茄假单胞菌致病性与四氮唑培养基上菌落形态的关系。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-44-693

Arthur Kelman

引用次数: 0

Genetic Equilibria in Host-Pathogen Systems. 宿主-病原体系统的遗传平衡。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-59-1858

K J Leonard

{"title":"Genetic Equilibria in Host-Pathogen Systems.","authors":"K J Leonard","doi":"10.1094/Phyto-59-1858","DOIUrl":"10.1094/Phyto-59-1858","url":null,"abstract":"A model is presented to illustrate the processes by which genetic equilibria could arise in host-pathogen systems. The model is based on the assumption that genes for virulence in the pathogen population are selected against when they are not required for pathogenicity. Genes for resistance are assumed to be selected against, in environments in which they do not protect against the pathogen, either because the pathogen is not present or because all biotypes of the pathogen possess genes for virulence that enable them to overcome the effects of the resistance genes in the host. These assumptions are based on observations that simple pathogenic races usually predominate over simple varieties, and that host populations grown for extended periods of time in the absence of their pathogens tend to lose their resistance to those pathogens. If the model is valid, multiline varieties should not be superior to pure line varieties in disease control unless simple races of the pathogen suppress the reproduction of complex races, or unless races with genes for virulence reproduce most efficiently on host varieties with the corresponding genes for resistance. If these phenomena do not occur, the establishment of an equilibrium among pathogenic races would not necessarily result in lower rates of pathogen reproduction than could be achieved with the use of pure line varieties susceptible only to the most complex races. It is also suggested that a multiline variety should be more effective if it consists of a series of varieties with different genetic backgrounds rather than a series of backcross lines from the same recurrent parent variety.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":"115 8V","pages":"1858-1863"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145041107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isolation, Phylogenetic Inferences, and Early Diversification of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in Cova da Beira Region, Portugal. 苛养木杆菌亚种的分离、系统发育推断及早期分化。葡萄牙Cova da Beira地区的fastidiosa。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0009-R

Eva Garcia, Alexandra K Kahn, Cristina Rodrigues, Alexandra Camelo, Christophe Espírito-Santo, Helvecio D Coletta-Filho, Rodrigo P P Almeida, Joana Costa

{"title":"Isolation, Phylogenetic Inferences, and Early Diversification of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa in Cova da Beira Region, Portugal.","authors":"Eva Garcia, Alexandra K Kahn, Cristina Rodrigues, Alexandra Camelo, Christophe Espírito-Santo, Helvecio D Coletta-Filho, Rodrigo P P Almeida, Joana Costa","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0009-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0009-R","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of Xylella fastidiosa, a plant pathogen with a broad host range, poses a significant threat to agriculture and natural ecosystems. We analyzed six X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa strains obtained from the Beira Interior region of Portugal, an area known for fruit production. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analyses were performed to genetically characterize these strains and determine their origin. The results suggest that these outbreak-demarcated areas originated from a single introduction event traced back to California, United States. All six strains belong to subspecies fastidiosa, sequence type 1, which has been reported to infect a variety of economically important crops, including cherry, plum, almond, and grapevine. A molecular clock analysis estimated that the introduction occurred between 2010 and 2020 (95% highest posterior density 1999 to 2022), with the strains forming a clade that diverged circa 2020. The findings underscore the importance of continued surveillance in both agricultural and unmanaged ecosystems, as the presence and potential impact of X. fastidiosa on Portuguese landscapes remain largely unknown.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"948-954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exogenous Brassinosteroids Enhance Host Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani Through Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis and Photosynthesis Improvement in Oryza sativa. 外源BR通过改善水稻活性氧稳态和光合作用增强宿主对茄枯核菌的抗性。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0322-R

Kejin Chu, Jiejing Dong, Hongyu Li, Changjiang Zhao

{"title":"Exogenous Brassinosteroids Enhance Host Resistance to Rhizoctonia solani Through Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis and Photosynthesis Improvement in Oryza sativa.","authors":"Kejin Chu, Jiejing Dong, Hongyu Li, Changjiang Zhao","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0322-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0322-R","url":null,"abstract":"Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential in regulating plant growth and development and response to stress. However, there are few reports on the mechanism of BRs regulating rice resistance to necrotrophic fungus. In this study, rice seedlings were pretreated with BR hormone and its synthetic inhibitor brassinazole and inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani to analyze the reactive oxygen species (ROS), photosynthetic indices, and expression of phytohormone signal components and defense-related genes in rice leaves during pathogen infection. BR treatment significantly decreased the lesion area, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of antioxidant substances, and decreased the contents of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde. At the same time, BR treatment enhanced the photosynthetic pigment content and Fv/Fm (maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII) value of rice seedlings. In addition, BR treatment can cause high expression of endogenous BR synthesis and decomposition genes and signal transduction genes, cooperate with salicylic acid, and antagonize jasmonic acid signal gene expression. The structural equation analysis of tested indices uncovered first that a high BR level stimulated the BR signal transduction pathway to regulate photosynthesis and ROS homeostasis through ROS signaling, thereby enhancing the resistance of rice seedlings to R. solani. This study provides theoretical guidance for the application of BR analog chemical regulators.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1028-1037"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0