Phytopathology最新文献_第6页

Seed Transmission of Apple Stem Grooving Virus and Citrus Concave Gum-Associated Virus in Apple (Malus × domestica). 苹果茎沟病毒和柑橘凹胶相关病毒在苹果中的种子传播

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-25-0208-SC

Anna O Wunsch, Mario Miranda Sazo, Janet van Zoeren, Kurt H Lamour, Oscar P Hurtado-Gonzalez, Joseph A Foster, Marc Fuchs

{"title":"Seed Transmission of Apple Stem Grooving Virus and Citrus Concave Gum-Associated Virus in Apple (Malus × domestica).","authors":"Anna O Wunsch, Mario Miranda Sazo, Janet van Zoeren, Kurt H Lamour, Oscar P Hurtado-Gonzalez, Joseph A Foster, Marc Fuchs","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-25-0208-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-25-0208-SC","url":null,"abstract":"Viruses of cultivated apple (Malus × domestica) are believed to be transmitted nearly exclusively via vegetative propagation, with few known biotic vectors and limited evidence of vertical transmission. To evaluate the seed transmission capabilities of six viruses and one viroid of apple, a large-scale seedling grow-out experiment was conducted using seeds harvested from 51 trees infected by several combinations of six viruses and one viroid. Virus detection via multiplex PCR-based amplicon sequencing followed by RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that citrus concave gum-associated virus and apple stem grooving virus were transmitted to seedlings at rates of 4.0% (32/792) and 0.3% (3/908), respectively. No evidence of seed transmission was obtained for apple chlorotic leaf spot virus, apple green crinkle-associated virus, apple hammerhead viroid, apple rubbery wood virus 2, or apple stem pitting virus. These findings document a previously unknown mode of transmission for two widely distributed apple viruses with direct implications for breeding programs, the selection of virus-free trees, and the exchange of germplasm.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Drought and Virus Infection on Plant Traits, Virus Transmission Rate and Aphid Feeding Behavior. 干旱和病毒侵染对植物性状、病毒传播率和蚜虫取食行为的影响

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-15 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0130-R

Jaime Jiménez, Carolina Juncá-Morales, Myrto Mela, Victor Sadras, Aránzazu Moreno, Alberto Fereres

{"title":"Impact of Drought and Virus Infection on Plant Traits, Virus Transmission Rate and Aphid Feeding Behavior.","authors":"Jaime Jiménez, Carolina Juncá-Morales, Myrto Mela, Victor Sadras, Aránzazu Moreno, Alberto Fereres","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0130-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0130-R","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is projected to increase the intensity and frequency of drought in several regions, potentially impacting aphid-virus-plant relationships. Here, we investigated the combined effects of water regime and virus infection on plant traits, virus transmission, and aphid feeding behaviour. Two factorial experiments were established that combined (i) four virus treatments: single infection with cucumber mosaic virus, CMV (non-persistent), single infection with cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus CABYV (persistent), double infection and mock control, with (ii) five water regimes on melon cv. Bazan (exp. 1) or two water regimes on melon cv. Piel de Sapo (exp. 2). Virus and drought reduced plant dry weight, number of leaves, and leaf area. In exp. 1, drought reduced symptom severity on CMV-infected plants. Severe drought did not affect CMV inoculation rate, but transient, moderate water stress reduced the transmission rate of CABYV. In exp. 2 drought and virus infection altered the feeding behavior of A. gossypii. On well-watered but not on droughted plants, both CABYV and double infection with CABYV and CMV reduced passive phloem sap ingestion (E2 waveform), critical for transmission of persistent viruses, in comparison to mock-inoculated controls. On droughted plants, aphids produced shorter intracellular punctures (waveform pd), associated with transmission of non-persistent viruses. However, pd duration was not reduced for aphids that fed on droughted plants infected with CMV or with both CMV and CABYV. Despite the significant impact of drought on the plant phenotype, drought combined with virus infection had no impact on aphid feeding behavior related to virus transmission.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying the Predictability of Lesion Growth and Its Contribution to Quantitative Resistance Using Field Phenomics. 利用田间表型组学量化病害生长的可预测性及其对定量抗性的贡献。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0187-R

Jonas Anderegg, Lukas Roth, Radek Zenkl, Bruce A McDonald

{"title":"Quantifying the Predictability of Lesion Growth and Its Contribution to Quantitative Resistance Using Field Phenomics.","authors":"Jonas Anderegg, Lukas Roth, Radek Zenkl, Bruce A McDonald","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0187-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0187-R","url":null,"abstract":"Measuring individual components of pathogen reproduction is key to understanding mechanisms underlying rate-reducing quantitative resistance (QR). Simulation models predict that lesion expansion plays a key role in seasonal epidemics of foliar diseases, but measuring lesion growth with sufficient precision and scale to test these predictions under field conditions has remained impractical. We used deep learning-based image analysis to track 6889 individual lesions caused by Zymoseptoria tritici on 14 wheat cultivars across two field seasons, enabling 27,218 precise and objective measurements of lesion growth in the field. Lesion appearance traits reflecting specific interactions between particular host and pathogen genotypes were consistently associated with lesion growth, whereas overall effects of host genotype and environment were modest. Both host cultivar and cultivar-by-environment interaction effects on lesion growth were highly significant and moderately heritable (h2 ≥ 0.40). After excluding a single outlier cultivar, a strong and statistically significant association between lesion growth and overall QR was found. Lesion expansion appears to be an important component of QR to STB in most-but not all-wheat cultivars, underscoring its potential as a selection target. By facilitating the dissection of individual resistance components, our approach can support more targeted, knowledge-based breeding for durable QR.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144785141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demulticoder: An R Package for the Simultaneous Analysis of Multiplexed Metabarcodes. 解多码器：一个同时分析多路元码的R包。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0043-FI

Martha A Sudermann, Zachary S L Foster, Samantha C L Dawson, Hung Phan, Valerie J Fieland, Frank N Martin, Jeff H Chang, Niklaus J Grünwald

{"title":"Demulticoder: An R Package for the Simultaneous Analysis of Multiplexed Metabarcodes.","authors":"Martha A Sudermann, Zachary S L Foster, Samantha C L Dawson, Hung Phan, Valerie J Fieland, Frank N Martin, Jeff H Chang, Niklaus J Grünwald","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0043-FI","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0043-FI","url":null,"abstract":"Metabarcoding is a widely used approach relying on short DNA sequences to identify organisms present in a community. Although established workflows exist for analysis of single metabarcodes, these are cumbersome when multiple metabarcodes are required to study diverse taxa, such as those in plant- and soil-associated microbial communities, or when analyzing newly developed metabarcodes. To address this, we developed demulticoder, an R package automating the use of DADA2 to analyze data derived from multiple metabarcodes. It has novel capabilities that streamline data analysis by reducing the number of manual input steps and enabling automated processing of multiplexed metabarcodes. Additionally, demulticoder modularizes data processing to allow for iterative quality control and reformats data for downstream analyses. We also updated the oomycete-specific rps10 barcode database by revising the taxonomic information of select entries based on updates to the classifications within the NCBI Taxonomy database. A multiplex sequenced dataset consisting of ITS1 and rps10 metabarcodes from 162 samples and 12 controls was analyzed to compare demulticoder against a standard analysis workflow. Demulticoder required manual input at only four steps in comparison with 28 steps required for the standard workflow. Data quality and results from downstream exploratory, diversity, and differential abundance analyses were comparable to those from the standard workflow. Demulticoder is versatile and can be used to analyze datasets consisting of single metabarcodes, multiplexed and pooled metabarcode types, and different metabarcode types generated in separate experiments. The demulticoder R package, example datasets, and instructions are publicly accessible and open source.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02250043FI"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating Plasmid Diversity in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans Population. 植物质粒多样性的研究。perforans人口。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0042-FI

Amandeep Kaur, Albert Sunny, Jeffrey B Jones, Erica M Goss

{"title":"Investigating Plasmid Diversity in Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans Population.","authors":"Amandeep Kaur, Albert Sunny, Jeffrey B Jones, Erica M Goss","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0042-FI","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0042-FI","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmids are key drivers of horizontal gene transfer. These genetic elements promote diversification and rapid adaptation of bacterial populations to changing environments by transferring beneficial traits within and between bacterial species. Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans is a devastating plant pathogen that causes bacterial spot disease in tomato and pepper. The pathogen population in Florida contains several distinct genetic lineages that differ in relative frequency. The objective of this study was to characterize plasmid diversity and gene content and plasmid distribution in relation to chromosomal phylogeny. Our in silico-based plasmid prediction revealed the presence of diverse plasmids ranging from approximately 16 to 235 kb. A network approach based on shared k-mer content uncovered 10 distinct plasmid groups with high genetic similarity (cliques). Interestingly, these plasmid cliques were confined to specific phylogenetic clusters, suggesting potential incompatibility or restricted plasmid movement between clusters. Some of the predicted plasmids carry virulence genes coding for type III secretion effectors, including transcription activator-like effectors and genes related to biocide resistance, such as copper. We also identified gene reshuffling between the plasmids, likely carried out by transposons present within them. Overall, these results provide foundational insights into plasmid diversity in X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans with implications for the role of these mobile genetic elements in genome dynamics and pathogen adaptation.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02250042FI"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High Nitrogen Fertilization Suppresses Dollar Spot in Amenity Turfgrass Through Promoting Oxalic Acid-Degrading Bacteria. 高氮肥通过促进草酸降解菌抑制草坪草坪美元斑病。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0081-R

Shashini U Welmillage, Ming-Yi Chou, Michael Millican, Paul Koch

{"title":"High Nitrogen Fertilization Suppresses Dollar Spot in Amenity Turfgrass Through Promoting Oxalic Acid-Degrading Bacteria.","authors":"Shashini U Welmillage, Ming-Yi Chou, Michael Millican, Paul Koch","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0081-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0081-R","url":null,"abstract":"High nitrogen (N) fertilization can suppress dollar spot (Clarireedia spp.) disease of amenity turfgrass. However, golf course superintendents avoid high N fertilization due to the reduced playability of putting greens and concerns over increased cost and environmental contamination issues. Understanding how N fertilization suppresses dollar spot could result in novel control strategies that do not rely on high N fertilization or repeated pesticide applications. In 2017, we sampled a previous 3-year study conducted in Madison, WI, on turfgrass treated with either 0, 4.9, or 29.3 kg N/ha/year. Dollar spot was assessed every 2 weeks during the study period, and microbiome samples were collected from each plot at five different time points during 2017. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungal internal transcribed spacer region were sequenced using high-throughput sequencing, and the frc gene copy number was quantified using droplet digital PCR. The frc gene was previously established as a biomarker for oxalic acid-degrading bacteria. The 29.3 kg N/ha treatment reduced disease severity and had higher frc gene expression than lower N rates. Prokaryotic alpha diversity significantly declined under 29.3 kg N/ha, whereas fungal diversity remained relatively stable. N treatment significantly affected prokaryotic beta diversity but not fungal diversity. The results suggest that N may have a role in selecting microbes that degrade oxalic acid, an important virulence factor of C. jacksonii. Identifying the specific organisms involved in oxalic acid degradation may result in new biocontrol strategies and improve the sustainable management of dollar spot. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"938-947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Simple Technique for Purification of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Large Quantities. 一种简便的烟草花叶病毒大量纯化技术。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-57-1285

G V Gooding, T T Hebert

引用次数: 0

Evidence of a Gene-for-Gene Relationship in the Oryza sativa-Magnaporthe grisea Pathosystem. 水稻-稻瘟病系统基因对基因关系的证据。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 DOI: 10.1094/Phyto-82-577

Drissa Silué, Jean Loup Notteghem, Didier Tharreau

引用次数: 0

Moderate and High Propiconazole Resistance Characterized in the Citrus Postharvest Sour Rot Pathogen Geotrichum citri-aurantii Is Based on Point Mutations in CYP51A but Not CYP51B. 柑橘采后酸腐病病原菌对丙环康唑的中高抗性是基于CYP51A位点突变而非CYP51B位点突变。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0073-R

Albert M Nguyen, Helga Förster, James E Adaskaveg

{"title":"Moderate and High Propiconazole Resistance Characterized in the Citrus Postharvest Sour Rot Pathogen Geotrichum citri-aurantii Is Based on Point Mutations in CYP51A but Not CYP51B.","authors":"Albert M Nguyen, Helga Förster, James E Adaskaveg","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0073-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0073-R","url":null,"abstract":"Moderate (MR) and high resistance (HR) in Geotrichum citri-aurantii to propiconazole (PPZ) have been detected in California citrus packinghouses. Fitness cost and resistance mechanisms were characterized in this study. No fitness cost was identified in resistant isolates, and they were highly virulent and competitive in the presence of sensitive (S) isolates. F1 ascospore progeny from crosses between MR or HR isolates and an S isolate mostly segregated in a 1:1 ratio of S to R isolates, indicating involvement of a single gene in resistance. Resistance was associated with point mutations in GcaCYP51A resulting in Y143F and L389V amino acid substitutions in HR isolates and an A125V substitution in MR isolates. There were no sequence differences in the GcaCYP51B paralog between S and MR isolates, but missense and silent mutations were identified in HR isolates. Segregation of GcaCYP51B alleles was observed in crosses between S and HR isolates: some PPZ-S progeny carried the GcaCYP51B-HR allele, whereas some PPZ-HR isolates carried the GcaCYP51B-S allele. Therefore, mutations in GcaCYP51B have no major role in PPZ resistance. The direct involvement of mutations in GcaCYP51A in resistance was demonstrated by transformation of a PPZ-S isolate with cloned alleles from MR or HR isolates, where transformants exhibited the expected resistance phenotype. Transformants carrying the GcaCYP51B allele of HR isolates, however, remained sensitive. No differences between S and R phenotypes were detected in the promoter sequences of GcaCYP51A or GcaCYP51B. Our data indicate that PPZ resistance in G. citri-aurantii is solely determined by point mutations in GcaCYP51A.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"986-997"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143991265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detection and Quantification of Avocado Sunblotch Viroid in California Avocado Orchards Using Digital Loop-Mediated Amplification and Droplet Digital PCR. 数字环介导扩增和微滴数字PCR技术检测和定量加利福尼亚鳄梨类太阳斑疹病毒。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0064-R

Mehdi Kamali Dashtarzhaneh, Li Liu, Zahra Pegahrad, Valentina Valencia Bernal, Ke Du, Fatemeh Khodadadi

{"title":"Detection and Quantification of Avocado Sunblotch Viroid in California Avocado Orchards Using Digital Loop-Mediated Amplification and Droplet Digital PCR.","authors":"Mehdi Kamali Dashtarzhaneh, Li Liu, Zahra Pegahrad, Valentina Valencia Bernal, Ke Du, Fatemeh Khodadadi","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0064-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0064-R","url":null,"abstract":"Avocado sunblotch viroid (ASBVd) poses a significant threat to California's avocado industry. Early and accurate detection is crucial for disease management, but traditional detection methods lack sensitivity, highlighting the need for advanced molecular techniques. This study developed and validated a novel digital LAMP (dLAMP) assay for sensitive ASBVd detection, comparing its performance with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in California avocado orchards during the 2023 to 2024 season. Sixty-four samples of leaves, fruits, and flowers were collected from eight orchards across major California avocado-producing counties (Ventura, San Diego, Riverside), including symptomatic and surrounding asymptomatic trees (n = 33), as well as individual and pooled samples. Whereas RT-LAMP assays encountered inconsistencies, dLAMP and ddPCR proved effective for ASBVd detection. dLAMP assays, using various pooling strategies with serially diluted leaf and fruit samples, demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 × 10-3 ng/µl for RNA template. Pooling positive samples with negative ones increased the LOD, highlighting the potential impact of high-rate pooling on assay sensitivity. ddPCR demonstrated high sensitivity, detecting ASBVd down to 0.31 copies/µl, with varying copy numbers across tissues (fruits > leaves > flowers). dLAMP and ddPCR assays showed comparable ASBVd detection rates in orchard samples, with approximately 31 to 33% positivity (20/64 for dLAMP and 21/64 for ddPCR). These findings demonstrate the potential of dLAMP and ddPCR for sensitive and specific ASBVd detection and quantification in avocado orchards, providing valuable tools for disease surveillance, management, and insights into viroid distribution within California.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1064"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0