Phytopathology最新文献_第6页

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Soybean Recombinant Inbred Lines Differing at the Rmi1 Locus for Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita During Early Stages of Nematode Infection. 不同Rmi1位点的大豆重组自交系在线虫感染早期抗隐性丝虫病的比较转录组学分析

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0143-SC

Kelly Goode, Melissa G Mitchum

{"title":"Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Soybean Recombinant Inbred Lines Differing at the Rmi1 Locus for Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita During Early Stages of Nematode Infection.","authors":"Kelly Goode, Melissa G Mitchum","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0143-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0143-SC","url":null,"abstract":"Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are a continuing threat to soybean production, with M. incognita being the predominant species. The deployment of Mi-resistant soybean cultivars is a primary management strategy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to resistance remain unknown. A single, additive gene for resistance to M. incognita, Rmi1, was previously identified in soybean cv. Forrest and associated with the emigration of second-stage juveniles from the roots. To better understand the Rmi1-mediated resistance response, we used Forrest-derived F5 RILs differing for Rmi1 to analyze global changes in gene expression in response to M. incognita infection at 2- and 4-days post inoculation. We identified 1,471 differentially expressed (DE) genes in the compatible interaction and 1,037 DE genes in the incompatible interaction. Forty-five percent of DE genes were DE in both interactions, 42% (856) were unique to the compatible interaction, and 13% (261) were unique to the incompatible interaction. Genes uniquely DE in the incompatible interaction included genes involved in cell wall modification, hormone signaling, endomembrane trafficking, and redox reactions providing new insights into the resistance mechanism mediated by Rmi1 in soybean to root-knot nematodes.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144267174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Discovery and Analysis of a Quantitative Trait Locus Associated with Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Glycine latifolia, a Wild Perennial Relative of Soybean. 大豆野生多年生亲缘植物甘氨酸（Glycine latifolia）抗性相关数量性状位点的发现与分析。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-10 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0181-R

Jaeyeong Han, Hari S Karki, Krishna R Pandey, Jonathan C T Boudreaux, Leslie L Domier, Nancy K McCoppin, Glen L Hartman, Nathan E Schroeder

{"title":"Discovery and Analysis of a Quantitative Trait Locus Associated with Resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in Glycine latifolia, a Wild Perennial Relative of Soybean.","authors":"Jaeyeong Han, Hari S Karki, Krishna R Pandey, Jonathan C T Boudreaux, Leslie L Domier, Nancy K McCoppin, Glen L Hartman, Nathan E Schroeder","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0181-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-06-24-0181-R","url":null,"abstract":"Perennial Glycine species are potentially valuable genetic resources that can be used to improve disease resistance in soybean by gene transfer techniques. From a previous screening of perennial Glycine species, we found that G. latifolia plant introduction (PI) 559300 showed a high level of resistance to the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita). Here, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with resistance to M. incognita in G. latifolia by phenotyping recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from resistant (PI 559300) and susceptible (PI 559298) G. latifolia accessions and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers generated through genotyping by sequencing. The analysis identified a single locus of 1.66 Mb associated with M. incognita resistance on G. latifolia chromosome (Chr) 13 that explained 33.3% of the phenotypic variance. This region contains 114 putative genes, including 16 leucine-rich repeat containing genes and 7 defense-related genes. F1 hybrids generated from crosses between parental lines showed a comparable resistance level to the resistant parents, suggesting that the identified locus is dominantly inherited. To validate the identified QTL, we developed high-resolution melting (HRM) markers linked to a SNP within this locus. HRM genotyping successfully distinguished homozygous and heterozygous alleles and predicted RIL phenotypes with approximately 80% accuracy. Interestingly, the QTL is syntenic with a locus on G. max Chr13 previously found associated with resistance to root-knot nematodes and other non-nematode pathogens. In summary, the newly discovered locus in the wild perennial G. latifolia has the potential for enhancing M. incognita resistance in soybean.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RNA-Seq Reveals Differential Responses in Vitis vinifera Cultivars Protected by Distinct Biocontrol Agents Against Neofusicoccum parvum Bt67. RNA-Seq揭示不同生物防治剂保护的葡萄品种对小褐螟Bt67的差异反应

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0399-R

Catarina Leal, Larissa Heck, Idir Saber, Dina Aggad, Nicolas Richet, David Gramaje, Josep Armengol, Florence Fontaine, Patricia Trotel-Aziz

{"title":"RNA-Seq Reveals Differential Responses in Vitis vinifera Cultivars Protected by Distinct Biocontrol Agents Against Neofusicoccum parvum Bt67.","authors":"Catarina Leal, Larissa Heck, Idir Saber, Dina Aggad, Nicolas Richet, David Gramaje, Josep Armengol, Florence Fontaine, Patricia Trotel-Aziz","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0399-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-12-24-0399-R","url":null,"abstract":"Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) is a worldwide grapevine trunk disease constituting a serious threat for sustainable grapevine production, especially in the context of climate change. Effective treatments to control BD are still lacking, prompting the exploration of new non-chemical alternatives. Among these, BioControl Agents (BCAs), such as Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus spp., described as promising. This study aims to thoroughly investigate the physiological changes in grapevines induced by two BCAs, Bacillus subtilis (Bs PTA-271) and Trichoderma atroviride (Ta SC1), which are used to protect two cultivars from Neofusicoccum parvum Bt67 (Np-Bt67) infection. Using non-target transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) and validation by qRT-PCR, this research offers novel insights into the molecular responses associated to Np-Bt67 infection in Chardonnay and Tempranillo cultivars, in relationship with the protective mechanisms conferred by each BCA. RNA-seq reveals that cultivars show no common transcriptional changes upon pathogen challenge. In Chardonnay, changes are mainly related to terpene/carotenoid pathways, while in Tempranillo, they mostly relate to amino acid transport and photosynthesis. Following the inoculation of protective BCA, changes are also distinct between infected cultivars: Bs PTA-271 protecting effect against infected Chardonnay is mainly related to the phenylpropanoid pathway and secondary metabolic processes, whereas that of Ta SC1 for Tempranillo correlates with much more metabolic changes. Consecutive validation by qRT-PCR provides markers indicating grapevine susceptibility vs. protection against Np-Bt67, some of which are shared by both cultivars. These markers could offer valuable tools for monitoring the health status of grapevine towards N. parvum.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fusarium avenaceum Isolates from Pea Are More Aggressive than Those from Wheat: Potential Implications for Pea-Wheat Rotations. 豌豆镰刀菌比小麦镰刀菌更具侵略性：对豌豆-小麦轮作的潜在影响。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0120-R

Anas Eranthodi, Teagan I Parkin, Michelle Hubbard, Tom Witte, David Overy, Timothy Schwinghamer, Nora A Foroud, Syama Chatterton

{"title":"Fusarium avenaceum Isolates from Pea Are More Aggressive than Those from Wheat: Potential Implications for Pea-Wheat Rotations.","authors":"Anas Eranthodi, Teagan I Parkin, Michelle Hubbard, Tom Witte, David Overy, Timothy Schwinghamer, Nora A Foroud, Syama Chatterton","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0120-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0120-R","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium avenaceum is an important root rot pathogen of pulses and a causative agent of Fusarium head blight of cereals. Studies have shown higher abundance of F. avenaceum in the field as a result of pulse-cereal rotations. It is not known whether this rotation can have an influence on aggressiveness or pathogenicity of the F. avenaceum isolates as they interact among different host species. In the present work, F. avenaceum isolates collected from common rotation crops, pea, wheat and lentil, were assessed for root rot in pea and lentil, and for head blight in durum wheat. Based on the least squares-mean of root rot severity in pea and lentil, the isolate aggressiveness was categorized into low, moderate and high. The majority of the isolates collected from pea, wheat and lentil, respectively, were highly aggressive, moderately to highly aggressive and less aggressive on pea and lentil. In point inoculated durum wheat, there was no significant difference in aggressiveness between pea- and wheat-derived isolates; a direct comparison with lentil-derived isolates could not be made as they were screened separately. When comparing the overall isolate aggressiveness, isolates recovered from pea were more aggressive on all three hosts. These data suggest that inclusion of pea in a cereal-based rotation may lead to increased incidence and severity of F. avenaceum associated-head blight in the subsequent wheat crop in the rotation.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genome-Wide Identification of QTLs Conferring Adult-Plant Resistance and All-Stage Resistance to Stripe Rust in the Chinese Wheat Landrace Lantian 10. 中国小麦地方品种蓝田10号成株和全期抗条锈病qtl的全基因组鉴定

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0118-R

X L Zhou, Y Q Luo, H Q Li, Y Q Wang, X Li, Q Yao, J F Wang, X J Wang, H Bux, B L Zhang, S Z Yang, Z S Kang, R S Ren

{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification of QTLs Conferring Adult-Plant Resistance and All-Stage Resistance to Stripe Rust in the Chinese Wheat Landrace Lantian 10.","authors":"X L Zhou, Y Q Luo, H Q Li, Y Q Wang, X Li, Q Yao, J F Wang, X J Wang, H Bux, B L Zhang, S Z Yang, Z S Kang, R S Ren","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0118-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-24-0118-R","url":null,"abstract":"Stripe rust, which is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a devastating foliar disease of wheat that significantly constrains wheat production worldwide. The characterization and utilization of resistance genes represent the most effective, economic and environmentally friendly strategies for disease control. In this study, the wheat cultivar Lantian 10, which is predominantly resistant to Chinese Pst races, was crossed with the susceptible genotype known as Mingxian 169. The resulting recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (comprising 152 lines) was evaluated for stripe rust resistance across multiple environment trials. Using the Wheat 35K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array for genotyping and inclusive composite interval mapping, we identified six stable QTLs on chromosomes 1A, ID, 2A, 2B, and 5B, including QYrLT10.swust-1AS, QYrLT10.swust-1DS, QYrLT10.swust-2AS, QYrLT10.swust-2BS, QYrLT10.swust-2DS, and QYrLT10.swust-5BL. These aforementioned QTLs explained at least 18.48% and 19.32% (QYrLT10.swust-1AS), 16.03% and 15.92% (QYrLT10.swust-1DS), 9.55% and 11.34% (QYrLT10.swust-2AS), 9.29% and 11.13% (QYrLT10.swust-2BS), 9.52% and 12.06% (QYrLT10.swust-2DS), and 17.42% and 18.41% (QYrLT10.swust-5BL) of the variations in stripe rust infection type and disease severity, respectively. Based on evaluations of seedling and adult-plant resistance, QYrLT10.swust-1AS and QYrLT10.swust-1DS are speculated to harbor adult-plant resistance (APR) genes, whereas the other four QTLs are considered all-stage resistance (ASR) genes. The identified QTLs and their linked markers will be invaluable for marker-assisted selection in wheat resistance breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Genomic Diversity of Microviridae Phage CLasMV1 in "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus". “亚洲解放候选菌”微病毒科噬菌体CLasMV1的基因组多样性

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0133-SC

Fang Fang, Tingting Chen, Cheng Wang, Jiahui Liang, Ziyi Li, Yongqin Zheng, Christopher M Wallis, Jianchi Chen, Xiaoling Deng, Zheng Zheng

{"title":"Genomic Diversity of Microviridae Phage CLasMV1 in \"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\".","authors":"Fang Fang, Tingting Chen, Cheng Wang, Jiahui Liang, Ziyi Li, Yongqin Zheng, Christopher M Wallis, Jianchi Chen, Xiaoling Deng, Zheng Zheng","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0133-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-25-0133-SC","url":null,"abstract":"A Microviridae phage CLasMV1, was recently identified in \"Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus\" (CLas), the bacterium associated with citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). The CLasMV1 strain GDHZ11D (CP045566) exhibited a circular genome of 8,869 bp containing eight open reading frames (ORFs). Phages of CLas play crucial roles in regulating bacterial population diversity that have potential use for HLB control. However, knowledge of CLasMV1 population diversity is currently limited. In this study, 1,520 CLas samples were collected from 10 citrus-growing provinces in China. PCR screening revealed that 1,042 samples (69%) harbored CLasMV1. Complete genome sequences of 43 CLasMV1 strains were obtained through Illumina HiSeq sequencing with genome size ranging from 8,696 bp to 8,881 bp. Variations were mostly related to single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and sequence insertion/deletions (In/Dels). Notably, two hypervariable regions (HVRs) were identified. Two new ORFs were detected, ORFA (144 bp) in HRV-1 and ORFB (342 bp) in HRV-2. Whole genome phylogenetic analysis using 43 strains from this study, nine previously reported Chinese strains, and two Florida strains (CP040636, MZ382797) delineated five genomic groups. Chinese strains dominated Groups 1 to 4, while Group 5 contained the Florida strains. Further analyses of the HVR-1 across all 1,042 CLasMV1 samples detected a 173-bp sequence with suspected mobile activity. Analysis of PacBio long read assembly published previously detected a concatemer of CLasMV1 sequence, suggesting that the phage used the rolling-cycle mechanism for its replication. These findings significantly enhance our understanding of CLasMV1 genomic diversity and will facilitate future research in CLasMV1 classification and HLB biology.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Overexpression of α-SNAP_Rhg1 Can Improve rhg1-a Mediated Soybean Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode. 过表达α-SNAPRhg1可提高rhg1-a介导的大豆对大豆囊肿线虫的抗性。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0077-R

Deepak Haarith, Soumita Das, Emma Nelson, Ryan Zapotocny, Andrew F Bent

{"title":"Overexpression of α-SNAPRhg1 Can Improve rhg1-a Mediated Soybean Resistance to Soybean Cyst Nematode.","authors":"Deepak Haarith, Soumita Das, Emma Nelson, Ryan Zapotocny, Andrew F Bent","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0077-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0077-R","url":null,"abstract":"The rhg1-a and rhg1-b haplotypes of the soybean Rhg1 locus are economically effective tools for the control of soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines), but ongoing SCN evolution requires improved sources of resistance. Both Rhg1 haplotypes carry multiple tandem repeat copies of a four-gene block encoding four disparate proteins and resistance efficacy scales with copy number. The haplotypes encode different variants of an unusual α-SNAP protein whose abundance increases in the nematode-reprogrammed plant cells that form the syncytium (nematode feeding site), which subsequently collapses. The present study explored simultaneous presence of two α-SNAPRhg1 protein types and elevation of α-SNAPRhg1 abundance, which were hypothesized to improve SCN resistance but are not achievable by conventional soybean breeding. We accomplished both, by transgenic additions to an rhg1-a Rhg4 soybean line. Existing resistance to HG type 0 and HG type 2.5.7 SCN was strengthened, measured as cyst production and final SCN egg counts, but resistance was not improved against an HG type 1.3.6.7 SCN population that was already highly virulent on the parent line. Greenhouse and field studies with a subset of lines showed no significant yield penalties. We conclude that cisgenic combination or elevated expression of the different α-SNAP genes may extend the efficacy and/or durability of Rhg1-mediated resistance. We also observed differential protein abundances for some α-SNAPRhg1 isoforms after inoculation with different HG type populations of SCN. The studies provide a foundation for further refinement of Rhg1-based SCN control.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Clonal Expansion from Standing Genetic Variation Underpins the Evolution of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in Australia. 直立遗传变异的克隆扩增支持flacfaciens pv的进化。澳大利亚的flacfaciens。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0032-R

Adam H Sparks, Dante L Adorada, Elena Colombi, Lisa A Kelly, Anthony Young, Noel L Knight, Niloofar Vaghefi

{"title":"Clonal Expansion from Standing Genetic Variation Underpins the Evolution of Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in Australia.","authors":"Adam H Sparks, Dante L Adorada, Elena Colombi, Lisa A Kelly, Anthony Young, Noel L Knight, Niloofar Vaghefi","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0032-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0032-R","url":null,"abstract":"Pathogens can evolve rapidly, leading to the emergence of novel strains that can overcome commercially deployed host plant resistance. Understanding the genetic and phenotypic diversity and population dynamics of plant pathogens is crucial to inform breeding programs targeting resistance. Tan spot, otherwise known as bacterial wilt, caused by Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens, is an increasingly significant pathogen affecting beans and mungbean worldwide. Since the 1990s, several mungbean cultivars with partial resistance to tan spot have been released in Australia; however, cultivars initially rated as moderately resistant were later rated as moderately susceptible to tan spot. This study investigated the genetic and phenotypic diversity and temporal evolutionary dynamics of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens in Australian mungbean fields. Whole-genome sequencing of 119 isolates collected from mungbean and other legumes (1986 to 2019) enabled analyses of pathogen evolution in Australia and in a global context. Results revealed that clonal expansion from standing genetic variation, rather than introduction of novel genotypes, has driven the evolution of this pathogen in Australia since the 1980s. Glasshouse trials confirmed the role of a plasmid in pathogenicity of C. flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens but found no significant differences in aggressiveness between clonal lineages. Our research provides insights into genetic and phenotypic diversity of this important plant pathogen and temporal changes in its population structure in Australia and highlights the need for further studies on the competitive fitness of isolates and characterisation of private alleles linked to dominant clonal lineages.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chitin and Laminarin Trigger Plant Defense Responses Against Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. 几丁质和层粘连素引发植物对大黄豆锈病的防御反应

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0079-R

Shuxian Li, Nicholas Rhoades, Jodi Scheffler, Guixia Hao

{"title":"Chitin and Laminarin Trigger Plant Defense Responses Against Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi.","authors":"Shuxian Li, Nicholas Rhoades, Jodi Scheffler, Guixia Hao","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0079-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0079-R","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is one of the most economically important crops in the world. Production of soybean can be severely impacted by many diseases including soybean rust. Elicitors treatments have been utilized to enhance plant resistance against multiple diseases. To investigate whether elicitor treatment can induce soybean resistance, pilot experiments were conducted to test effects of elicitor (chitin, laminarin, and co-treated with both) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in five soybean genotypes. We discovered that all elicitor treatments induced ROS burst with different levels. Expression of several plant defense genes was upregulated in soybean Williams 82 following elicitor treatments. GmCERK1, GmRbohD, GmPR1, GmPR2, GmPAL and GmCHS exhibited the highest expression at 3 h post elicitor treatments. Interestingly, co-treatment with chitin and laminarian significantly enhanced expression of GmPAL and GmCHS. Soybean rust severity was evaluated on plants with elicitor treatment prior to Phakopsora pachyrhizi inoculation. A five-point scale with 5 as the highest one was used. With chitin treatment, the severities were reduced to 2.0 and 1.9 in Williams 82 and PI 200526, respectively. Controls without elicitor treatments were 4.2 and 3.8, which were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than the severities in the genotypes with elicitor treatments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the effects of elicitors, chitin and laminarin, on inducing resistance in soybean against P. pachyrhizi infection. Information from this research is useful for development of an alternative method to control soybean rust or other diseases in crops.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Allicin Binds to Cysteine Residues of Fungal Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase to Control Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) of Tomato. 大蒜素与真菌二氢脂酰胺脱氢酶半胱氨酸残基结合防治番茄灰霉病。

IF 2.6 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0315-R

Dan Cheng, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Yue Ma, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Delu Wang, Zhuo Chen

{"title":"Allicin Binds to Cysteine Residues of Fungal Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase to Control Gray Mold (Botrytis cinerea) of Tomato.","authors":"Dan Cheng, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Yue Ma, Jing-Jiang Zhou, Delu Wang, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0315-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0315-R","url":null,"abstract":"Allicin exhibits strong inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi; however, its antifungal mechanism remains unclear. This study assessed allicin's inhibitory effects on several phytopathogenic fungi, revealing a half-maximal effective concentration of 125.47 μg/ml against the hyphal growth of Botrytis cinerea. Micromorphological analysis showed that allicin caused abnormalities in the hyphae, including unclear organelle boundaries and organelle dissolution. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic assays indicated that allicin induced differential gene and protein expression, particularly in the plasma membrane, oxidative stress processes, and energy metabolism pathways. Additionally, differentially expressed metabolites were involved in the inhibition of hyphal growth. Biochemical assays demonstrated that allicin inhibited ATP production and damaged hyphal cell membranes. Molecular docking revealed that allicin could bind to dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, an enzyme rich in cysteine residues, with a binding free energy of -6.322 kcal/mol. Through antimicrobial activity testing of allicin analogs and molecular docking analysis, the active groups of allicin and its interaction with dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase were identified. This study shows that allicin interferes with energy metabolism, impacts cell membrane and wall integrity by targeting cysteine-containing proteins, and inhibits the proliferation of plant-pathogenic fungi. These insights into the antifungal mechanism will provide valuable data for the development and field application of allicin analogs.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"634-648"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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