Shuxian Li, Nicholas Rhoades, Jodi Scheffler, Guixia Hao
{"title":"几丁质和层粘连素引发植物对大黄豆锈病的防御反应","authors":"Shuxian Li, Nicholas Rhoades, Jodi Scheffler, Guixia Hao","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0079-R","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) is one of the most economically important crops in the world. Production of soybean can be severely impacted by many diseases, including soybean rust. Elicitor treatments have been utilized to enhance plant resistance against multiple diseases. To investigate whether elicitor treatment can induce soybean resistance, pilot experiments were conducted to test the effects of elicitors (chitin, laminarin, and co-treated with both) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in five soybean genotypes. We discovered that all elicitor treatments induced an ROS burst with different levels. The expression of several plant defense genes was upregulated in soybean Williams 82 following elicitor treatments. <i>GmCERK1</i>, <i>GmRbohD</i>, <i>GmPR1</i>, <i>GmPR2</i>, <i>GmPAL</i>, and <i>GmCHS</i> exhibited the highest expression at 3 h post-elicitor treatments. Interestingly, co-treatment with chitin and laminarian significantly enhanced the expression of <i>GmPAL</i> and <i>GmCHS</i>. Soybean rust severity was evaluated on plants with elicitor treatment prior to <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> inoculation. A 5-point scale, with 5 as the highest, was used. With chitin treatment, the severities were reduced to 2.0 and 1.9 in Williams 82 and PI 200526, respectively. Controls without elicitor treatments had severities of 4.2 and 3.8, which were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) higher than the severities in the genotypes with elicitor treatments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the effects of elicitors chitin and laminarin on inducing resistance in soybean against <i>P. pachyrhizi</i> infection. The information from this research will be useful for development of an alternative method to control soybean rust or other diseases in crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"PHYTO02250079R"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Chitin and Laminarin Trigger Plant Defense Responses Against Soybean Rust Caused by <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i>.\",\"authors\":\"Shuxian Li, Nicholas Rhoades, Jodi Scheffler, Guixia Hao\",\"doi\":\"10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0079-R\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) is one of the most economically important crops in the world. Production of soybean can be severely impacted by many diseases, including soybean rust. Elicitor treatments have been utilized to enhance plant resistance against multiple diseases. To investigate whether elicitor treatment can induce soybean resistance, pilot experiments were conducted to test the effects of elicitors (chitin, laminarin, and co-treated with both) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in five soybean genotypes. We discovered that all elicitor treatments induced an ROS burst with different levels. The expression of several plant defense genes was upregulated in soybean Williams 82 following elicitor treatments. <i>GmCERK1</i>, <i>GmRbohD</i>, <i>GmPR1</i>, <i>GmPR2</i>, <i>GmPAL</i>, and <i>GmCHS</i> exhibited the highest expression at 3 h post-elicitor treatments. Interestingly, co-treatment with chitin and laminarian significantly enhanced the expression of <i>GmPAL</i> and <i>GmCHS</i>. Soybean rust severity was evaluated on plants with elicitor treatment prior to <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i> inoculation. A 5-point scale, with 5 as the highest, was used. With chitin treatment, the severities were reduced to 2.0 and 1.9 in Williams 82 and PI 200526, respectively. Controls without elicitor treatments had severities of 4.2 and 3.8, which were significantly (<i>P</i> < 0.001) higher than the severities in the genotypes with elicitor treatments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the effects of elicitors chitin and laminarin on inducing resistance in soybean against <i>P. pachyrhizi</i> infection. The information from this research will be useful for development of an alternative method to control soybean rust or other diseases in crops.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":20410,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Phytopathology\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"PHYTO02250079R\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-10-06\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Phytopathology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0079-R\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"PLANT SCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Phytopathology","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-02-25-0079-R","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"PLANT SCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitin and Laminarin Trigger Plant Defense Responses Against Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi.
Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most economically important crops in the world. Production of soybean can be severely impacted by many diseases, including soybean rust. Elicitor treatments have been utilized to enhance plant resistance against multiple diseases. To investigate whether elicitor treatment can induce soybean resistance, pilot experiments were conducted to test the effects of elicitors (chitin, laminarin, and co-treated with both) on the reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst in five soybean genotypes. We discovered that all elicitor treatments induced an ROS burst with different levels. The expression of several plant defense genes was upregulated in soybean Williams 82 following elicitor treatments. GmCERK1, GmRbohD, GmPR1, GmPR2, GmPAL, and GmCHS exhibited the highest expression at 3 h post-elicitor treatments. Interestingly, co-treatment with chitin and laminarian significantly enhanced the expression of GmPAL and GmCHS. Soybean rust severity was evaluated on plants with elicitor treatment prior to Phakopsora pachyrhizi inoculation. A 5-point scale, with 5 as the highest, was used. With chitin treatment, the severities were reduced to 2.0 and 1.9 in Williams 82 and PI 200526, respectively. Controls without elicitor treatments had severities of 4.2 and 3.8, which were significantly (P < 0.001) higher than the severities in the genotypes with elicitor treatments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of the effects of elicitors chitin and laminarin on inducing resistance in soybean against P. pachyrhizi infection. The information from this research will be useful for development of an alternative method to control soybean rust or other diseases in crops.
期刊介绍:
Phytopathology publishes articles on fundamental research that advances understanding of the nature of plant diseases, the agents that cause them, their spread, the losses they cause, and measures that can be used to control them. Phytopathology considers manuscripts covering all aspects of plant diseases including bacteriology, host-parasite biochemistry and cell biology, biological control, disease control and pest management, description of new pathogen species description of new pathogen species, ecology and population biology, epidemiology, disease etiology, host genetics and resistance, mycology, nematology, plant stress and abiotic disorders, postharvest pathology and mycotoxins, and virology. Papers dealing mainly with taxonomy, such as descriptions of new plant pathogen taxa are acceptable if they include plant disease research results such as pathogenicity, host range, etc. Taxonomic papers that focus on classification, identification, and nomenclature below the subspecies level may also be submitted to Phytopathology.