Phytopathology最新文献_第5页

Characterization of Quantitative Trait Loci for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Wheat Cultivar 'Jagger' and Its Mutant 'JagR1097'. 小麦品种Jagger及其突变体JagR1097抗赤霉病数量性状位点及农艺性状的鉴定

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0100-R

Yuzhou Xu, Na Liu, Yang Liu, Lanfei Zhao, Lirong Zhang, Guixiao La, Dongtao Liu, Zhenqi Su, Amy Bernardo, Paul St Amand, Xiaomao Lin, Jin Cai, Xuan Xu, Guihua Bai

{"title":"Characterization of Quantitative Trait Loci for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Wheat Cultivar 'Jagger' and Its Mutant 'JagR1097'.","authors":"Yuzhou Xu, Na Liu, Yang Liu, Lanfei Zhao, Lirong Zhang, Guixiao La, Dongtao Liu, Zhenqi Su, Amy Bernardo, Paul St Amand, Xiaomao Lin, Jin Cai, Xuan Xu, Guihua Bai","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0100-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0100-R","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum) worldwide. To discover novel quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for FHB resistance and study their relationships with agronomic traits, a linkage map of single-nucleotide polymorphism markers was constructed using F5 recombinant inbred lines developed from 'JagR1097' × 'Jagger'. Jagger is a popular hard winter wheat cultivar in the U.S. Central Great Plains, and JagR1097 is an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced Jagger mutant with significantly higher FHB resistance than Jagger. The two parents also differ in plant height (HT), heading date (HD), spike length (SL), spike compactness, and spikelet number per spike (SNS). QTL analysis identified two FHB resistance QTLs on the 4AL and 6AL chromosomes. QFhb-4AL showed a major effect on FHB resistance and explained up to 15.79% of the phenotypic variation. This QTL overlaps with a major QTL for plant HT, HD, SL, and SNS. A fragment inversion between Jagger and 'Chinese Spring' was identified to overlap with QFhb-4AL, suggesting that using Chinese Spring as a reference may not always provide accurate orientation for gene mapping in different cultivars. QTL clusters on chromosomes 2BS, 3DL, 4BS, 5AS, 5DL, and 7AL were also identified for different agronomic traits. Jagger contributed FHB resistance and high SNS alleles at QFhb-4AL, as well as high SNS alleles at QSns-5DL, whereas JagR1097 contributed high SNS alleles at QSns-2BS and QSns-7AL. Combining beneficial alleles of QTLs may simultaneously improve FHB resistance and agronomic traits in new cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1186-1193"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144576042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spinetoram, a Widely Used Insecticide, Demonstrates Strong Antifungal Activity and a Novel Antifungal Mechanism Against Gray Mold for the First Time. Spinetoram是一种广泛应用的杀虫剂，首次显示了对灰霉病的强抗真菌活性和新的抗真菌机制。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0102-R

Ting Luo, Yueyue Zheng, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Delu Wang, Zhuo Chen

{"title":"Spinetoram, a Widely Used Insecticide, Demonstrates Strong Antifungal Activity and a Novel Antifungal Mechanism Against Gray Mold for the First Time.","authors":"Ting Luo, Yueyue Zheng, Fenghua Liu, Dongxue Li, Delu Wang, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0102-R","DOIUrl":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0102-R","url":null,"abstract":"Spinetoram, a widely used insecticide, exhibits previously unexplored antifungal properties. This study provides the first evidence of its broad-spectrum antifungal activity against phytopathogens from tea plants, vegetables, and fruit trees, with efficacy against gray mold, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 40.41 μg/ml. In vivo trials showed a 60.2% reduction in disease on tomato fruits at a spinetoram concentration of 1,600 μg/ml and a 70.7% reduction on tomato leaves at 800 μg/ml. Morphological analyses involving light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed concentration-dependent cellular alterations in Botrytis cinerea hyphae following spinetoram exposure (EC10, EC50, and EC90), including swelling, surface distortion, septal disruption at the exposures of 24 or 36 h, and organelle dissolution at elevated concentrations from EC50 to EC90. Transcriptomic profiling identified ribosomal subunit assembly (40S/60S) and ribosome biogenesis as key enriched pathways, suggesting protein synthesis inhibition as the antifungal mechanism. Molecular docking predicted varying binding affinities, ranging from weak to strong, between spinetoram and 41 ribosomal proteins. Notably, 60S ribosomal protein L27 (RPL27) exhibited a lower binding free energy of -11.8 kcal/mol, with a stable binding process confirmed through molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings establish three novel insights: spinetoram's fungicidal activity against multiple plant pathogens, its disruption of fungal cellular integrity through ribosomal targeting, and RPL27 as a potential binding site for protein synthesis inhibition. This dual pesticidal-fungicidal activity positions spinetoram as a promising lead compound for integrated pest/disease management strategies and fungicide development in the future.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":"1118-1133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vascular Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum in Maize Is Modulated by Tissue-Specific Host Resistance. 血管黄单胞菌的血管致病性。组织特异性寄主抗性调控玉米维管束形成。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0164-R

Alexander Mullens, Tao Zhong, Alexander Lipka, Peter Balint-Kurti, Tiffany Jamann

{"title":"Vascular Pathogenicity of Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum in Maize Is Modulated by Tissue-Specific Host Resistance.","authors":"Alexander Mullens, Tao Zhong, Alexander Lipka, Peter Balint-Kurti, Tiffany Jamann","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0164-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0164-R","url":null,"abstract":"How host genotype shapes pathogen tissue tropism remains poorly understood. Vascular and nonvascular tissues represent distinct habitats within a plant for bacteria to colonize. Host plants often utilize different mechanisms to defend themselves against vascular and nonvascular pathogens and mechanisms of resistance employed by the host can vary by organ. Xanthomonas vasicola pv. vasculorum (Xvv) is an emerging bacterial maize pathogen, and this pathosystem offers an opportunity to study how host resistance differs in response to the vascular and nonvascular lifestyles exhibited by a single bacterial phytopathogen. We used different inoculation techniques to induce vascular and nonvascular disease and evaluated maize populations using both techniques to map resistance to vascular and non-vascular disease caused by Xvv. Xvv can colonize both vascular and nonvascular tissues, depending on the genotype. Different inoculation techniques can be used to induce vascular or nonvascular colonization. Independent loci control variation in resistance to Xvv during vascular pathogenesis and nonvascular pathogenesis. We confirmed the role of those regions in resistance to vascular and nonvascular infection. This study offers insights into how host resistance shapes how bacterial pathogens adapt to both vascular and nonvascular lifestyles. We show that host genotype can dictate which tissues a pathogen can infect. This system can serve as a model to understand tissue-specific host resistance to plant pathogens and tissue specificity in pathogens.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glutathione Promotes Susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita by Modulating Thiol Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. 谷胱甘肽通过调节拟南芥硫醇稳态促进对不明嗜糖变性的易感性。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0090-R

M Shamim Hasan, Anika Damm, Muhammad U Ijaz, Divykriti Chopra, Anna Koprivova, Stanislav Kopriva, Florian M W Grundler, Shahid Siddique

{"title":"Glutathione Promotes Susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita by Modulating Thiol Homeostasis in Arabidopsis.","authors":"M Shamim Hasan, Anika Damm, Muhammad U Ijaz, Divykriti Chopra, Anna Koprivova, Stanislav Kopriva, Florian M W Grundler, Shahid Siddique","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0090-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0090-R","url":null,"abstract":"Glutathione (l-γ-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine) is a key molecule that regulates numerous plant processes under both biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, its role in plant responses to soil-borne pathogens, particularly the economically important root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.), remains largely unexplored. These nematodes are obligate biotrophs that establish specialized feeding sites-multinucleate giant cells-in host roots, manipulating plant biological processes. Here, we investigated the role of glutathione in Arabidopsis thaliana during RKN infection using a combination of genetic (glutathione biosynthetic mutants), biochemical (thiol and camalexin measurements), and pharmacological (exogenous glutathione supplementation) approaches. We found that glutathione depletion in roots of mutants in glutathione synthesis (rax1, pad2, cad2 and nrc2) significantly reduced gall formation and egg mass production, suggesting its important role in nematode infection. Additionally, the exogenous application of glutathione increased plant susceptibility to RKN. Biochemical analysis revealed that reduced glutathione levels disrupted the cysteine-glutathione balance early in the infection process. However, further assays, including camalexin measurements and infection assays with gstf6 loss-of-function lines, indicated that glutathione-dependent phytoalexins camalexin does not significantly contribute to RKN parasitism. These findings underscore the importance of glutathione in maintaining thiol homeostasis during the early stages of RKN infection and suggest that manipulating glutathione levels could be a potential strategy for nematode control in agriculture.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Azithromycin, an Antimicrobial Agent, Targets Glycoside Hydrolase Family 35 and Exhibits Potent Curative Activity Against Tea Plants Diseases Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae. 阿奇霉素是一种靶向糖苷水解酶家族35的抗菌剂，对茶树病具有有效的治疗作用。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0190-R

Atta Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ameer Hamza, Chengyan Xia, Wenjing Xie, Delu Wang, Zhuo Chen

{"title":"Azithromycin, an Antimicrobial Agent, Targets Glycoside Hydrolase Family 35 and Exhibits Potent Curative Activity Against Tea Plants Diseases Caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae.","authors":"Atta Ur Rehman, Muhammad Ameer Hamza, Chengyan Xia, Wenjing Xie, Delu Wang, Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0190-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-05-25-0190-R","url":null,"abstract":"Tea disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an emerging fungal disease that significantly reduces the yield and quality of tea in tea-producing regions owing to the lack of effective control methods. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal activity of azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, against L. theobromae. In vitro assays demonstrated strong inhibitory activity, with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 140.61 μg/ml, and in vivo application resulted in a 54.30% lesion inhibition rate at 800.0 μg/ml against tea leaf spot. Morphological and ultrastructural analyses using optical and transmission electron microscopy revealed that azithromycin induced pronounced hyphal abnormalities, including cytoplasmic disorganisation and membrane disruption. Integrated transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses indicated that azithromycin treatment led to systemic disruptions in L. theobromae, including dysregulation of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, protein degradation, glycoprotein and cell wall biosynthesis, ergosterol biosynthesis, mitochondrial function, and stress response pathways. Molecular docking and bioinformatic analyses identified glycoside hydrolase family 35 (GH35), a key protein in carbohydrate metabolism, as the principal target of azithromycin, exhibiting the most favourable binding energy of -7.9 kcal/mol. These findings demonstrate that azithromycin disrupts multiple metabolic and cellular processes in L. theobromae, primarily by targeting GH35, providing a robust multi-target approach for fungal inhibition and sustainable disease control strategies for tea cultivation.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In Vitro and In-Soil Suppression of Soybean Cyst Nematode by Fungi Isolated from Cyst Mycobiome. 大豆包囊线虫的体外和土壤抑制研究。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0094-R

Vijay Kunwar, Chenmi Mo, Inga A Zasada, Blaise Jumbam, M Catherine Aime, Lei Zhang

{"title":"In Vitro and In-Soil Suppression of Soybean Cyst Nematode by Fungi Isolated from Cyst Mycobiome.","authors":"Vijay Kunwar, Chenmi Mo, Inga A Zasada, Blaise Jumbam, M Catherine Aime, Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0094-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0094-R","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean cyst nematode (SCN; Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is recognized as the most destructive soybean pathogen. Biological control of SCN using fungi associated with cyst nematodes (Heteroderidae) could be a promising strategy. In this study, we screened 75 fungal isolates representing 55 species associated with different cyst nematodes to assess antagonistic effects on SCN. A rapid 24-well plate in vitro assay was used to evaluate fungal cell-free filtrates for their effect on SCN egg viability and hatch. Filtrates of 14 isolates significantly reduced egg viability and hatch by inducing \"vacuole-like\" structural aberrations in SCN eggs. The 14 fungal isolates were further tested for their effect on SCN second-stage juvenile (J2) viability and direct egg parasitism. Filtrates of Alternaria tenuissima, Fusarium solani, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Debaryomyces hansenii, Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Arthopyrenia salicis, and Cosmospora lavitskiae resulted in the most significant reduction in egg viability. Filtrates of C. lavitskiae, D. hansenii, F. acaciae-mearnsii and F. solani were the most toxic to SCN J2 in the mortality assay. Trichoderma virens, A. tenuissima, F. acaciae-mearnsii and Pochonia chlamydosporia had the highest degree of SCN egg parasitism. Based on in vitro assays, 10 promising fungal isolates were selected for evaluation in a soil-based experiment. Trichoderma virens, P. lilacinum, and P. chlamydosporia significantly reduced SCN cyst and egg densities, while Talaromyces ramulosus, P. cucumerina, and C. lavitskiae provided moderate SCN suppression. These findings highlight the potential of nematophagous fungi isolated from cyst nematodes for SCN management and offer a screening approach for identifying potent fungal biocontrol agents.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Phytophthora pluvialis by Real-Time PCR Targeting a Mitochondrial Gene. 针对线粒体基因的实时荧光定量PCR超灵敏检测雨疫霉。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0020-R

R O'Neill, E McLay, L Nunes Leite, P Panda, A Perez-Sierra, A Eacock, J M LeBoldus, E A Stamm, S Fraser, R L McDougal

{"title":"Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Phytophthora pluvialis by Real-Time PCR Targeting a Mitochondrial Gene.","authors":"R O'Neill, E McLay, L Nunes Leite, P Panda, A Perez-Sierra, A Eacock, J M LeBoldus, E A Stamm, S Fraser, R L McDougal","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0020-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-25-0020-R","url":null,"abstract":"Phytophthora pluvialis is a pathogen present in USA, New Zealand, UK and Belgium forests. Reported hosts include Douglas-fir in the USA, New Zealand, UK and Belgium, as well as tanoak in the USA, radiata pine in New Zealand, Japanese larch and western hemlock in the UK. Disease symptoms range from needle lesions and casting on radiata pine through to twig and stem cankers, and crown dieback on western hemlock, Douglas-fir and Japanese larch. Current detection methods rely on isolation and culture, or PCR targeting a single-copy gene (ypt1). A qPCR assay targeting a multiple-copy mitochondrial gene (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2)) was designed to increase sensitivity of P. pluvialis detection, critical for early diagnostics. The resulting assay has a detection limit of 12.8 fg mycelial DNA, detecting the pathogen on average 6.12 qPCR cycles before the ypt1 assay. In New Zealand samples, the assay was found to consistently detect P. pluvialis in all stages of needle disease symptoms from early asymptomatic infection through to fully cast needles. The new assay allowed for asymptomatic detection of P. pluvialis in pine needles four weeks before visual symptoms of disease were observed. The availability of a highly sensitive assay has enabled diagnostic support of the biosecurity response in the UK during recent detection of P. pluvialis. The assay has been used in applications requiring detection at low pathogen titre levels including asymptomatic infection, stream baiting, cast needles and biosecurity response, demonstrating its efficacy for early detection of P. pluvialis in affected forests.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Population Genomics of Pseudocercospora griseola Reveals New Groups in the Middle American Clade and the Presence of the Endophytic Bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans. 灰褐色假cercospora grisiseola的群体基因组学揭示了中美洲分支的新类群和内生细菌xylosoxidans无色杆菌的存在。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0302-R

Luz M Serrato-Diaz, Hugo E Cuevas, Luseko A Chilagane, Juan C Rosas, Jessica M Velez, Christopher W Schadt, Lydia I Rivera-Vargas, Paul Bayman, Timothy G Porch

{"title":"Population Genomics of Pseudocercospora griseola Reveals New Groups in the Middle American Clade and the Presence of the Endophytic Bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans.","authors":"Luz M Serrato-Diaz, Hugo E Cuevas, Luseko A Chilagane, Juan C Rosas, Jessica M Velez, Christopher W Schadt, Lydia I Rivera-Vargas, Paul Bayman, Timothy G Porch","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0302-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-09-24-0302-R","url":null,"abstract":"Angular leaf spot (ALS), caused by Pseudocercospora griseola is an important disease of common beans. P. griseola, is highly variable and has co-evolved with its host. In this study, 48 isolates of P. griseola from Puerto Rico, Guatemala, Honduras and Tanzania were sequenced (3RADseq), resulting in the de novo assembly of 42,214 contigs. Phylogenomic, population genetic structure and principal component analyses using 1,260 SNPs divided these isolates into two populations, Andean and Middle American, while the Middle American population was further divided into three sub-populations. There were moderate to high levels of differentiation between P. griseola populations, with pairwise Fst values ranging from 0.11 to 0.95. The Andean population was composed of isolates from Tanzania, and was separated from the Middle American population (Fst = 0.95). The Middle American population was separated into 3 subpopulations including isolates from: 1. Guatemala and Honduras, 2. Tanzania, and 3. Puerto Rico. Pathogenicity testing of 27 isolates from Puerto Rico, using 12 common bean differential lines, identified ten races, but these races were not associated with SNPs found in virulence genes. DNA of an endophytic bacterium (Achromobacter xylosoxidans) was found in seven mildly virulent isolates suggesting a possible role of the bacterium in the observed virulence patterns. To understand the evolution and diversity of P. griseola, further study of the virulence genes and the interactions among the endophytic bacterium, the fungus, and the host plant is required. Such information is critical to inform breeding strategies for the development of resistant germplasm and cultivars.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identification of New Sources of Resistance to Black Rot in a Collection of Vitis Species. 葡萄品种抗黑腐病新来源的鉴定。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0112-SC

Vincent Dumas, Maria-Victoria Garcia-Hernandez, Lisa Gatard, Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, Didier Merdinoglu, Pere Mestre

{"title":"Identification of New Sources of Resistance to Black Rot in a Collection of Vitis Species.","authors":"Vincent Dumas, Maria-Victoria Garcia-Hernandez, Lisa Gatard, Sabine Wiedemann-Merdinoglu, Didier Merdinoglu, Pere Mestre","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0112-SC","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-03-25-0112-SC","url":null,"abstract":"Black rot caused by Phyllosticta ampelicida is a notable example of a recent re-emerging disease of grapevine (Vitis vinifera). The pathogen infects young, actively growing plant parts and it may have a large effect on yield even at low incidence. A strategy to control grapevine black rot is to develop resistant varieties through breeding programs aimed at introducing the resistance into the susceptible V. vinifera. However, a complete picture of the existing sources for resistance in the Vitis species is missing. In this work, we evaluate a collection of Vitis species for resistance to black rot in the vineyard in natural conditions of infection over a three-year period and validate the results using a bio-assay for the evaluation of resistance in semi-controlled conditions. Our results confirmed the resistance to black rot previously reported for several species and identified new sources of resistance. The majority of the species identified as resistant come from America, while almost all species of Asian origin are susceptible. Because they displayed strong resistance, under field conditions and after artificial inoculation, the new sources of resistance reported here have a high potential to be used in future breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal Detection of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vaccinium sp. witches' broom', the Causal Agent of Cranberry False Blossom Disease. 蔓越莓假花病病原“候选植物原体”的时空检测。

IF 3.1 2区农林科学

Phytopathology Pub Date : 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0306-R

Casey Trickle, Fabian Rodriguez Bonilla, Eithan A Pozas-Rodriguez, Christelle Guédot, Leslie A Holland

{"title":"Spatiotemporal Detection of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma vaccinium sp. witches' broom', the Causal Agent of Cranberry False Blossom Disease.","authors":"Casey Trickle, Fabian Rodriguez Bonilla, Eithan A Pozas-Rodriguez, Christelle Guédot, Leslie A Holland","doi":"10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0306-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-10-24-0306-R","url":null,"abstract":"Infection of cranberry by the 16SrIII-Y group phytoplasma responsible for cranberry false blossom disease results in floral disfigurement, fruit abortion, and phyllody, ultimately sterilizing infected plants. The pathogen almost devastated the cranberry industry in the 1930s, until control measures involving resistant cultivars and insect vector management were implemented. Recent discoveries of the pathogen and its vector in Wisconsin have renewed interest in exploring the pathosystem to gain deeper insights into host-pathogen interactions. A qPCR assay was used to detect phytoplasma infection, both spatially and temporally, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic cranberry plants. Dissection of infected vines by tissue type allowed detection of the phytoplasma throughout the entirety of the plant, revealing the systemic nature of the infection in cranberry vines. Furthermore, sampling throughout the growing season demonstrated that phytoplasma detection is possible at multiple time points, suggesting that diagnosis may be feasible even in the absence of clear symptoms like flower abnormalities, thereby enhancing diagnostic capabilities. Additionally, the qPCR method proved effective in detecting the causal agent within the insect vector, the blunt-nosed leafhopper. Phytoplasma acquisition occurs during feeding, colonizes various organs of the insect, and ultimately infect salivary glands making transmission possible. While the rate of colonization of both the plant and insect hosts is unknown, these findings provide valuable insights in industry decision-making for control and detection, as well as expanding understanding of a returning threat.","PeriodicalId":20410,"journal":{"name":"Phytopathology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144966049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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