Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Advances in molecular mechanisms of genetic mutations underlying chlorophyll deficiency in plants","authors":"Zhaoqing Li,&nbsp;Jiawei Liu,&nbsp;Irfan Ali Sabir,&nbsp;Yonghua Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chlorophyll is vital for plants, giving them their green color and playing indispensable crucial role in photosynthesis. Chlorophyll-deficient mutants serve as classic models for studying plant pigment metabolism and typically exhibit chlorotic or albino phenotypes, resulting in major impacts on photosynthetic efficiency and growth development of plants. Understanding the mechanisms behind chlorophyll deficiency not only advances basic plant biology but also supports crop breeding strategies aimed at improving yield, stress tolerance, and adaption. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent research on the molecular mechanisms underlying chlorophyll metabolism, chloroplast structure, photosynthetic systems, relevant transcription factors, and the effects of external environmental factors on chlorophyll-deficient mutants. It provides a theoretical basis for improving plant pigment metabolism and crop breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112751"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerium induces biphasic responses in Brassica rapa L. through modulated photosynthesis, oxidative homeostasis, and gene expression","authors":"Cong Van Doan ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Mannino ,&nbsp;Noemi Gatti,&nbsp;Moez Maghrebi,&nbsp;Gianpiero Vigani,&nbsp;Massimo E. Maffei","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cerium (Ce), the most abundant of the rare Earth elements (REEs), is increasingly recognized as an environmental contaminant due to its growing applications in various industrial and agricultural sectors. This study investigates the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of <em>Brassica rapa</em> L. plants to varying concentrations of Ce exposure to elucidate its effects on plant growth, metabolism, and stress responses. Through chemical analytical, biochemical, and gene expression methods, we revealed a biphasic (hormetic) effect of Ce on <em>B. rapa</em>. Low-level Ce exposure (1 µM) stimulated plant growth, evidenced by increased leaf area and fresh biomass. Conversely, elevated Ce concentrations (1 mM and 10 mM) induced significant photosynthetic dysfunction, characterized by diminished chlorophyll <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> content, impaired photosystem II (PSII) efficiency, and altered chlorophyll fluorescence. Ce exposure also modulated oxidative stress responses, exhibiting a hormetic pattern in reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, alongside a general increase in proline. Secondary metabolism was selectively impacted, with higher Ce levels specifically promoting the accumulation of kaempferol derivatives. Mineral nutrient analysis revealed substantial Ce accumulation in leaves and a concomitant decrease in essential elements (Al, Se, Na). Gene expression analysis further elucidated that Ce exposure triggered differential expression of genes involved in carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, and ion transport. These comprehensive findings offer novel insights into the multifaceted physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of <em>B. rapa</em> to Ce, underscoring both the potential ecological risks of Ce contamination and the intricate adaptive strategies employed by plants under REE stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112745"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vernalization reveals distinct roles of FLOWERING LOCUS T homologs in floral transition of perennial Taraxacum koksaghyz","authors":"Andrea Känel ,&nbsp;Kai-Uwe Roelfs ,&nbsp;Michael Wissing ,&nbsp;Benjamin Lenzen ,&nbsp;Malin Klein ,&nbsp;Richard M. Twyman ,&nbsp;Gundula A. Noll ,&nbsp;Dirk Prüfer","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flowering is a key trait in most crops and may depend on cold exposure, a process known as vernalization, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. <em>Taraxacum koksaghyz</em> is a rubber-producing dandelion of the family Asteraceae, which also includes other economically important crops such as chicory and lettuce. Most <em>T. koksaghyz</em> plants require cold exposure to induce flowering, whereas vernalization-independent plants are more suitable for breeding. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying vernalization dependency, we identified three <em>FLOWERING LOCUS T</em> (<em>FT</em>) homologs (<em>TkFT1–3</em>) with distinct expression patterns in response to environmental cues. At ambient temperatures, <em>TkFT1</em> and <em>TkFT2</em> are expressed in leaves under long-day conditions, whereas only <em>TkFT1</em> is weakly expressed under short-day conditions. During cold exposure, <em>TkFT1</em> expression in the leaves is abolished, but intriguingly, <em>TkFT3</em> expression is induced exclusively during cold – a phenomenon not previously reported in herbaceous plants. Overexpression experiments revealed that <em>TkFT1–3</em> bypass the vernalization requirement in <em>T. koksaghyz</em> and promote early flowering in vernalization-independent <em>T. brevicorniculatum</em>, probably by inducing the <em>FRUITFULL</em> homologs <em>TkFUL1</em> and <em>TkFUL2</em>, which we identified as downstream targets. Our findings highlight a previously unrecognized role of an <em>FT</em> homolog in cold-induced flowering and suggest that TkFT1 promotes vernalization-independent flowering, whereas <em>TkFT3</em> expression during cold exposure is required for vernalization-dependent flowering. This study demonstrates the function and regulation of <em>FT</em> genes controlling flowering time in <em>T. koksaghyz</em>, contributing to a broader understanding of vernalization-dependent flowering and providing knowledge that can be used in the future to facilitate breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112743"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145016032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdBACT5 and MdBACT8 contribute to the formation of branched-chain volatiles in apple","authors":"Xinhui Yang,&nbsp;Xin Li,&nbsp;Haotong Li,&nbsp;Yumeng Yu,&nbsp;Chu Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Branched–chain amino acid aminotransferases (BCATs) catalyze both the final anabolic step and the initial catabolic step of branched–chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are pivotal for the formation of plant branched–chain volatiles (BCVs). However, the members of BCAT family in apple (<em>Malus domestica</em> Borkh.) remain poorly characterized. In the current study, we identified nine BCAT genes in the apple genome. Phylogenetic analysis classified these MdBCATs into two groups distributed across five chromosomes, with conserved gene structures within each group. Physicochemical analysis revealed coding sequence (CDS) lengths ranging from 852 to 1248 bp, encoding proteins with molecular weights of 31.13 45–41 kDa and isoelectric points (pI) of 5.86–8.35. Collinearity analysis indicated that segmental duplication predominantly drove the expansion of the apple BCAT family. Promoter regions of <em>MdBCATs</em> harbored <em>cis</em>–acting elements associated with growth and development, stress responses, and hormone signaling. RT–qPCR analysis demonstrated differential expression patterns of <em>MdBCATs</em> in the peel tissue of ‘Oregon Spur II’ apples during ambient storage. Subcellular localization revealed plastid– and mitochondrial–targeting of specific MdBCATs. Notably, transient overexpression of mitochondrially–localized <em>MdBACT5</em> and <em>MdBACT8</em> significantly enhanced BCV biosynthesis. Taken together, this study provides critical insights into the role of BCATs in apple fruit aroma quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112742"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145008474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PuRBOHF-PuPRX42-like complex activates lignin biosynthesis for stone cell formation in pear fruit","authors":"He Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingyang Xu ,&nbsp;Ning Yan ,&nbsp;Yuqi Du ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Song ,&nbsp;Shihong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin deposition in stone cells is critical for the quality of pear fruit. NADPH oxidase (RBOH), a membrane-bound respiratory burst oxidase homolog, enzymatically generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) to critically regulate diverse physiological processes in plants. Nevertheless, the genetic mechanisms that govern RBOH-regulated lignin biosynthesis in the context of stone cell formation remain inadequately elucidated. In this research, we observed a significant increasing of stone cell content associated with expression of <em>PuPRX42-like</em> (peroxidase 42-like). In addition, the stage-specific expression of <em>PuRBOHF</em> was higher in stone cells than in cells of other tissues, thereby the production of ROS and lignin biosynthesis increased. As a positive regulator of stone cell, PuRBOHF interact with PuPRX42-like form a complex (PuRBOHF-PuPRX42-like), which markedly promote lignin biosynthesis and stone cell formation in pear fruit. Collectively, our results elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying lignin biosynthesis in stone cells formation of pear fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excessive P effects in the growth of Solanum lycopersicum related to stomatal closing mediated by ABA and ethylene","authors":"Maxwell Pereira de Pádua ,&nbsp;Murillo Tinheira do Prado ,&nbsp;Carlos Henrique Goulart dos Reis ,&nbsp;Evaristo Mauro de Castro ,&nbsp;Joni Esrom Lima ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Barbosa Kloss ,&nbsp;Marcelo Ramos de Anchieta ,&nbsp;Fabricio José Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth and development; however, both its deficiency and excess can be harmful. Although the effects of excess P are still poorly understood, research has shown that plants exposed to excessive levels of P exhibit reductions in stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and growth. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different P concentrations on stomatal responses, photochemical parameters, growth, and development of three <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> genotypes: <em>wild type</em>, <em>Never ripe</em> (lower sensitivity to ethylene), and <em>Notabilis</em> (deficient in ABA production). The plants were grown in a growth room, and stomatal traits, photochemical parameters, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and H₂O₂ content in the leaves were analyzed. Excessive P concentrations promoted stomatal closure, reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration, but did not cause significant changes in photochemical parameters in <em>S. lycopersicum</em>, indicating that the negative effects of excess P may be related to limitations in CO₂ acquisition. Furthermore, excess P increased leaf H₂O₂ content. The absence of negative effects of excess P in the <em>Never ripe</em> and <em>Notabilis</em> genotypes suggests that stomatal closure related to excess P depends on ABA and ethylene signaling to guard cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112739"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Like Heterochromatin Protein1 (LHP1) in the root apical meristem and stem cell niche maintenance in Arabidopsis","authors":"Gabriela Guzmán-Favila ,&nbsp;M. Teresa Alejo-Vinogradova ,&nbsp;Diego Ornelas-Ayala ,&nbsp;José Olvera-Herrera ,&nbsp;Rosario Vega-León ,&nbsp;Bénédicte Desvoyes ,&nbsp;Adriana Garay-Arroyo ,&nbsp;Elena R. Alvarez-Buylla ,&nbsp;Crisanto Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Maria de la Paz Sanchez","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epigenetic regulation by Polycomb Group (PcG) is essential for controlling gene repression. In plants, PcG is involved in all developmental processes, from embryogenesis to floral development, including root development. LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) has been described as a PcG component, capable of recognizing the H3K27me3 mark, that together with CLF, a PcG histone methyltransferase, represses gene expression. Here, we provide evidence that LHP1 plays different roles in the root apical meristem: a canonical role to repress gene expression in a similar way to CLF, and another where it participates in transcriptional activation, revealing a dual regulation of LHP1 that is tissue-specific. We also found novel roles for LHP1 in maintaining the root stem cell niche (RSCN), regulating columella stem cell (CSC) differentiation, auxin signaling and perception of light and gravitropic signals. Our findings integrate a novel epigenetic component into the regulatory network that maintains homeostasis of the RSCN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112740"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145005388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The WRKY Transcription Factor SbWRKY51 Positively Regulates Salt Tolerance of Sorghum","authors":"Xuemei Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Li ,&nbsp;Jingyi Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Song ,&nbsp;Na Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that affects plant growth and development, as well as crop yield. A large number of studies have reported that the WRKY gene family plays significant roles in the plant responses to salt stress, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown, and research on WRKY proteins in sorghum is also limited. In this study, we identified the sorghum gene <em>SbWRKY51</em>, which encodes a group II WRKY transcription factor. The expression of <em>SbWRKY51</em> was up-regulated by salt stress, drought, and abscisic acid (ABA) in sorghum. Overexpression of <em>SbWRKY51</em> via <em>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</em>-mediated hairy root transformation enhanced salt tolerance of sorghum with longer root length, increased biomass accumulation, less Na⁺ content, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities compared with wild-type (WT) plants. Ectopic expression of <em>SbWRKY51</em> in <em>Arabidopsis</em> showed similar phenotypes, and mutation of the homologous gene <em>AtWRKY11</em> increased salt sensitivity of <em>Arabidopsis</em>. Under salt stress, the <em>SbWRKY51</em>-overexpressed transgenic sorghum showed altered expression levels of genes related to oxidative stress and lignin biosynthesis, as well as increased lignin content. Thus, these results suggest that <em>SbWRKY51</em> positively regulates salt tolerance in sorghum by affecting lignin biosynthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112741"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Populus euphratica PeMAX2 counteracts PeGRP2 to stabilize target mRNAs relating to salt tolerance","authors":"Jing Li ,&nbsp;Jun Yao ,&nbsp;Siyuan Ma ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Ziyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhe Liu ,&nbsp;Kexin Yin ,&nbsp;Caixia Yan ,&nbsp;Kaiyue Dong ,&nbsp;Rui Shi ,&nbsp;Nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Rui Zhao ,&nbsp;Shaoliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Populus euphratica</em> glycine-rich RNA-binding protein 2 (PeGRP2) has been previously shown to destabilize target mRNAs and negatively regulates salt tolerance of poplar. This study aimed to explore the post-translational regulation of PeGRP2 in the salt-resistant poplar. PeGRP2 was demonstrated to interact with more axillary growth 2 (PeMAX2), an F-box leucine-rich repeat protein. <em>PeMAX2</em> transcription was upregulated by NaCl in <em>P. euphratica</em>, and an <em>in vitro</em> degradation assay showed that PeMAX2 promoted PeGRP2 degradation through the proteasomal degradation pathway. The PeMAX2-promoted PeGRP2 degradation and the relevance to salt tolerance were investigated using transgenic poplars of <em>Populus</em> × <em>canescens</em> and <em>P. euphratica</em> overexpressing <em>PeMAX2</em>, <em>PeGRP2</em>, and <em>PeMAX2</em>/<em>PeGRP2</em>. <em>PeMAX2</em> overexpression improved the ability to maintain Na⁺ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis in transgenic poplars, while <em>PeGRP2</em> negatively regulates salt tolerance by impairing photosynthesis, Na⁺ and ROS homeostasis in stressed plants. PeMAX2 alleviated the PeGRP2-induced salt susceptibility by reducing the mRNA level of <em>PeGRP2</em> and protein abundance in transgenic <em>P.</em> × <em>canescens</em> with dual overexpression of <em>PeMAX2</em> and <em>PeGRP2</em>. Moreover, PeMAX2 counteracted PeGRP2 to stabilize target mRNAs encoding photosynthetic proteins, antioxidant enzymes, ATPases, and cation/H⁺ exchangers in <em>P.</em> × <em>canescens</em>. Therefore, the upregulated expression of <em>PeMAX2</em> in salt-stressed <em>P. euphratica</em> fascilitated the degradation of PeGRP2 and thus mitigated its negative effects on salt tolerance. We proposed a schematic model illustrating the PeMAX2-PeGRP2 signaling pathway in salt response of <em>P. euphratica.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 112736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding the Chemodiversity blueprint: Chromosome-scale genome assembly unveils photosynthesis-terpenoid coordination in Cinnamomum burmanni through genomic and miRNA regulatory networks","authors":"Chen Hou,&nbsp;Yanling Cai,&nbsp;Jun Yao,&nbsp;Peiwu Xie,&nbsp;Boxiang He,&nbsp;Huimign Lian,&nbsp;Yingli Wang,&nbsp;Yonglin Zhong,&nbsp;Bing Li,&nbsp;Minghuai Wang,&nbsp;Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intricate interplay between photosynthetic efficiency and terpenoid biosynthesis in plants remains a pivotal yet underexplored area in secondary metabolism research. This study elucidates the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying this synergy in <em>Cinnamomum burmanni</em>, a chemically diverse Lauraceae species, through a multi-omics approach. A high-quality chromosome-level genome of <em>C. burmanni</em> (1.14 Gb, scaffold N50: 94.90 Mb) was assembled, and evolutionary analyses revealed species-specific gene family expansions, particularly in mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways. Comparative analyses of photosynthetic traits across chemotypes demonstrated that the borneol-type exhibits superior photosynthetic capacity, characterized by elevated net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂, carboxylation efficiency and non-photochemical quenching. The phenotype is linked to upregulated chlorophyll metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis regulators, and enhanced light-harvesting complex and photosystem components, optimizing light energy conversion. Mechanistically, photosynthetic activity modulates precursor flux into terpenoid pathways by regulating rate-limiting enzymes. Additionally, lineage-specific expansions of terpene synthase and isopentenyl diphosphate synthase gene families underpin specialized terpenoid production. A post-transcriptional regulatory network involving 14 miRNAs (e.g., miR396, miR2950) was identified, coordinately targeting 11 key genes in both photosynthesis and terpenoid synthesis, suggesting a dual role in metabolic fine-tuning. This work advances understanding of the evolutionary and physiological integration of photosynthesis and secondary metabolism in aromatic plants, offering a genomic foundation for biotechnological applications in metabolite synthesis and chemotype breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"360 ","pages":"Article 112733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}