Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-mediated GhFT-targeted mutagenesis prolongs indeterminate growth and alters plant architecture in cotton","authors":"Na Sang ,&nbsp;Bin Ma ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Tingting Feng ,&nbsp;Xianzhong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The shift from vegetative to reproductive growth is an important developmental transition that affects flowering and maturation, architecture, and ecological adaptability in plants. The florigen-antiflorigen system universally controls flowering and plant architecture, and changes to the ratio of these components alter this transition and disrupt growth. The genes <em>FT</em> (<em>FLOWERING LOCUS T</em>), encoding the florigen protein FT, and <em>CETS</em> [<em>CENTRORADIALIS</em> (<em>CEN</em>)/<em>TERMINAL FLOWER1</em> (<em>TFL1</em>)/<em>SELF-PRUNING</em> (<em>SP</em>)], encoding antiflorigen proteins, have opposing roles. Upland cotton (<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em>) is one of the world’s most widely cultivated cotton varieties, and its complex allotetraploid genome contains only one homoeologous pair of <em>FT</em> genes (<em>GhFT-A</em> and <em>GhFT-D</em>). The functionally conserved gene <em>GhFT</em> promotes flowering and plays a role in plant architecture, although the molecular regulation of flowering and plant architecture in cotton remains unclear. In this study, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to induce mutations in the first and second exons of <em>GhFT</em>, respectively. <em>G. hirsutum</em> cv. YZ-1 was transformed with a CRISPR/Cas9-<em>GhFT</em> vector using <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em>, and a diverse set of mutations was identified at the editing site. Compared with the wild type, mutant plants could not transition between vegetative and reproductive growth, and significant alterations to plant architecture were observed. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed downregulation of the homologous floral meristem identity genes <em>APETALA1</em> (<em>GhAP1</em>) and <em>OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1</em> (<em>GhSOC1</em>) and upregulation of the <em>TFL1</em> homologs <em>GhTFL1–1</em> and <em>GhTFL1–2</em>. These results suggested that <em>GhFT</em> played a significant role in flowering time and plant architecture and that the ratio of florigen-antiflorigen components was critical to producing improved cotton varieties. This study provided a basis for future investigations of molecular breeding in cotton and guidance for the agricultural production of this crop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112374"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials impact in phytohormone signaling networks of plants − A critical review","authors":"Garima Tripathi ,&nbsp;Shrestha Dutta ,&nbsp;Anamika Mishra ,&nbsp;Soumyadeep Basu ,&nbsp;Vishesh Gupta ,&nbsp;Chinnaperumal Kamaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanotechnology offers a transformative approach to augment plant growth and crop productivity under abiotic and biotic stress conditions. Nanomaterials interact with key phytohormones, triggering the synthesis of stress-associated metabolites, activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, and modulating gene expression networks that regulate diverse physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes within plant systems. This review critically examines the impact of nanoparticles on both conventional and genetically modified crops, focusing on their role in nutrient delivery systems and the modulation of plant cellular machinery. Nanoparticle-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation plays a central role in altering secondary metabolite biosynthesis, highlighting their function as potent elicitors and stimulants in plant systems. The review underscores the significant contribution of nanoparticles in enhancing stress resilience through the modulation of phytohormonal signaling pathways, offering novel insights into their potential for improving crop health and productivity under environmental stressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112373"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AtTRM11 as a tRNA 2-methylguanosine methyltransferase modulates flowering and bacterial resistance via translational regulation","authors":"Zhengyi Lv ,&nbsp;Lun Guan ,&nbsp;Ruixuan Yao ,&nbsp;Hanchen Chen ,&nbsp;Hailang Wang ,&nbsp;Xukai Li ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Xu ,&nbsp;Liangcai Peng ,&nbsp;Youmei Wang ,&nbsp;Peng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2-methylguanosine is an eukaryote-specific modified nucleoside in transfer RNAs, and m²G10 is catalyzed by Trm11-Trm112 protein complex in eukaryotic tRNAs. Here, we show that loss-of-function mutation of the <em>Arabidopsis</em> Trm11 homolog <em>AtTRM11</em> resulted in m²G deficiency associated with disturbed ribosome assembly and overall transcriptome changes, including genes involved in flowering regulation and plant-pathogen interaction. The <em>attrm11</em> mutant showed phenotypes of enlarged rosette leaves and early flowering, as well as enhanced resistance to <em>Pseudomonas</em> bacterial infection. <em>AtTRM11</em> could partially rescue the m²G nucleoside level in yeast <em>trm11</em> mutant, and AtTRM11 protein mostly resided in cytosol and physically interacted with AtTRM112b <em>in planta</em>. <em>AtTRM11</em> was mostly expressed in shoot apex, root tip, and distal end of rosette leaves. KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between <em>trm11</em> mutant and wild type indicated changes in pathways including phenopropanoid biosynthesis, plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction and MAPK signaling, suggesting that the pleiotropic phenotypes of the <em>attrm11</em> mutant can be ascribed to translational and transcriptional changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142882596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Arabidopsis heterotrimeric G protein α subunit binds to and inhibits the inward rectifying potassium channel KAT1","authors":"Jiang-Fan Guo ,&nbsp;Hui Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhuo-Ran Hu ,&nbsp;Ya-Lan Yang ,&nbsp;Wen-Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Yan-Ru Zhang ,&nbsp;Xue Li ,&nbsp;Nuerkaimaier Mulati ,&nbsp;Ying-Xin Li ,&nbsp;Lu Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Long ,&nbsp;Jun-Min He","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In animal cells, Gα subunit of the heterotrimeric G proteins can bind to both the N-terminal and C-terminal domains of G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying K⁺ channels (GIRKs) to inhibit their activities. In Arabidopsis guard cells, the Gα subunit GPA1 mediates multiple stimuli-regulated stomatal movements via inhibiting guard cell inward-rectifying K⁺ (K⁺_in) current, but it remains unclear whether GPA1 directly interacts with and inhibits the activities of K⁺_in channels. Here, we found that GPA1 interacted with the transmembrane domain rather than the intracellular domain of the Shaker family K⁺_in channel KAT1. Two-Electrode Voltage-Clamp experiments in <em>Xenopus</em> oocytes demonstrated that GPA1 significantly inhibited KAT1 channel activity. However, GPA1 could not inhibit the assembly of KAT1 as well as KAT2 as homo- and hetero-tetramers and alter the subcellular localization and protein stability of these channels. In conclusion, these findings reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for Gα inhibition of the Shaker family K⁺_in channel KAT1 via binding to its channel transmembrane domains but without affecting its subcellular localization, protein stability and the formation of functional homo- and hetero-tetramers. This suggests that in both animal and plant cells, Gα can regulate K⁺_in channels through physical interaction, albeit with differing mechanisms of interaction and regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112363"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Recent advances in unraveling the genetic architecture of kernel row number in maize","authors":"Yizhu Wang,&nbsp;Ranjan K. Shaw,&nbsp;Xingming Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Kernel row number (KRN) is an important trait in maize that significantly impacts maize yield. The high heritability of KRN underscores its significance in maize breeding programs. In this review, we summarize recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the formation, differentiation, and regulation of KRN in maize. Specifically, we have discussed gene mapping studies, functional validation of KRN-associated genes, and the application of gene editing techniques to KRN in maize. We summarized the various methods used to map and fine-map QTLs controlling KRN and provide an overview of the current status of cloned KRN-regulating genes. Despite the identification of many genes associated with KRN, the complexity of its regulation—arising from multiple loci and intricate gene interactions—remains a challenge. Balancing KRN with kernel number per row (KNR) and kernel weight is critical for optimizing yield while ensuring stability across different environments. Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of environmental factors on KRN, noting that despite its high heritability, environmental conditions can significantly affect this trait. Combining genotype-phenotype relationships with environmental data using big data and artificial intelligence could enhance maize breeding efficiency and accelerate genetic gains. This review emphasizes the importance of balancing traits, integrating environmental factors, and leveraging advanced technologies in maize breeding to achieve optimal yield and stress tolerance. Finally, we outlined future research perspectives aimed at developing high-yielding maize varieties through advances in KRN-related research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An AP2/ERF transcription factor GhERF109 negatively regulates plant growth and development in cotton","authors":"Huiyun Shi ,&nbsp;Ghulam Qanmber ,&nbsp;Zuoren Yang ,&nbsp;Yuling Guo ,&nbsp;Shuya Ma ,&nbsp;Sheng Shu ,&nbsp;Yujun Li ,&nbsp;Zhongxu Lin ,&nbsp;Fuguang Li ,&nbsp;Zhao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cotton is an important source of natural fibers. The AP2/ethylene response factor (ERF) family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors (TFs) groups, playing key roles in plant growth and development. However, the role of ERF TFs in cotton’s growth and development remains unclear. In this study, we identified GhERF109, a nuclear-localized ERF, which showed significant expression differences between ZM24 and <em>pag1</em> cotton. Heterologous overexpression of <em>GhERF109</em> in <em>Arabidopsis</em> resulted in reduced plant height, shortened root length, and reduced silique lengths compared to wild-type (WT) plants. In contrast, silencing <em>GhERF109</em> in cotton led to a significant increase in plant height due to the elongation of stem cells. Overexpression of <em>GhERF109</em> in cotton also produced a compact plant type with a notable reduction in height. RNA-seq analysis of <em>GhERF109</em>-silenced plants revealed 4123 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with many upregulated genes involved in auxin response, polar transport, cell expansion, cell cycle regulation, brassinolide (BL) biosynthesis, and very long-chain fatty acid (VLCFA) pathways. These findings suggest that <em>GhERF109</em> integrates auxin and other signaling pathways to suppress plant growth, providing valuable genetic material for breeding programs to improve mechanized cotton harvesting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112365"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of PILS genes by bZIP transcription factor TGA7 in tomato plant growth","authors":"Qixiang Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaole Meng ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Fan ,&nbsp;Shangyu Chen ,&nbsp;Kangqi Sang ,&nbsp;Jingquan Yu ,&nbsp;Yanhong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Auxin plays a pivotal role in plant growth regulation. The PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins facilitate long-distance polar auxin transport, whereas the recently identified PIN-LIKES (PILS) proteins regulate intracellular auxin homeostasis. However, the auxin transport mechanisms in horticultural crops remain largely unexplored. Here, we identified and characterized <em>PILS</em> genes in tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>). Promoter analysis revealed enrichment in TGA[C/T]G motifs, suggesting transcriptional regulation by TGA factors in the bZIP family. Subcellular localization studies confirmed that all tomato PILS proteins localize in the endoplasmic reticulum. <em>PILS2</em> exhibited the highest expression across examined tissues, and its close homologue <em>PILS6</em> showed a similar but less pronounced expression pattern. Silencing <em>PILS2</em> significantly inhibited shoot and root growth. Phylogenetic and expression analyses identified the homologs of <em>Arabidopsis TGA1</em>, <em>TGA3</em>, <em>TGA4</em>, and <em>TGA7</em> in tomato genome, with tomato <em>TGA7</em> showing higher expression in roots. Notably, silencing tomato <em>TGA7</em>, but not <em>TGA1</em>, <em>TGA3</em>, or <em>TGA4</em>, strongly impaired shoot and root growth. Molecular assays demonstrated that TGA7 directly binds to the <em>PILS2</em> promoter to activate its transcription. These findings uncover a TGA7<em>-PILS2</em> regulatory module that governs plant growth and offer new insights into the function and regulation of <em>PILS</em> genes in tomato.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112359"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ATP-binding cassette G23 is required for Arabidopsis seed coat suberization","authors":"Ryeo Jin Kim,&nbsp;Yuyang Zhang,&nbsp;Mi Chung Suh","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Suberin is an extracellular hydrophobic polymer deposited in seed coats that acts as a barrier to regulate the movement of ions, water, and gases, and protects seeds against pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying suberin deposition in the seed coat remain unknown. In this study, the <em>in planta</em> role of ATP-binding cassette G23 (ABCG23) was investigated in the Arabidopsis seed coat. <em>ABCG23</em> transcripts were predominantly expressed in the outer integument1 (oi1) of seed coats and the endodermal cells of roots. The fluorescence of the <em>eYFP:ABCG23</em> construct was observed in the plasma membranes of the tobacco epidermis, seed coat oi1, and root endodermal cells. Seed coats of <em>abcg23–1</em> and <em>abcg23–2</em> mutants exhibited reduced autofluorescence under UV light and increased permeability to tetrazolium salts. Total suberin loads and major suberin components, C24 ω-hydroxy fatty acids and 1, ω-dicarboxylic acids were significantly decreased in the mutant seed coats. The ratio of seed germination and seedling establishment of <em>abcg23–1</em> and <em>abcg23–2</em> was significantly reduced compared to the WT under salt and osmotic stress conditions. The bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay showed homodimeric interactions of ABCG-2, −6, −20, and −23 and heterodimeric interactions between ABCG23 and ABCG-2, −6, −11, or −20. Our findings indicate that ABCG23 contributes to the transport of suberin monomers in the Arabidopsis seed coats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112361"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142865348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing starch levels, granule size and phosphate content in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through overexpression of ChlreSEX4","authors":"Florencia Torresi ,&nbsp;Julieta B. Carrillo ,&nbsp;Diego F. Gomez-Casati ,&nbsp;Maria V. Busi ,&nbsp;Mariana Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> is a green alga that has been widely used as a model organism for studying various cellular processes, including starch metabolism. In this alga, starch undergoes continuous phosphorylation during its synthesis and degradation. We recently identified and characterized <em>Chlre</em>SEX4 (starch excess 4), a glucan phosphatase from <em>C. reinhardtii,</em> orthologous to <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> SEX4, which is able to bind and dephosphorylate amylopectin <em>in vitro</em>. To explore the possibility of manipulating starch phosphorylation levels in <em>C. reinhardtii</em>, we overexpressed the <em>Chlre</em>SEX4 gene in <em>Chlamydomonas</em> and characterized the resulting lines. Results showed a high phosphatase activity in the overexpressing lines, accompanied by an increase in starch content, greater granule size and higher levels of granule-bound phosphate, without changes in triglyceride content. This work allowed us not only to discover a new method to enhance starch accumulation without affecting the lipid content of the alga, but also to obtain a more phosphorylated starch, which would have diverse applications in biotechnology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112360"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect analysis of S5-interacting genes on rice hybrid sterility using nontransgenic gamete killer","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Fu Huang ,&nbsp;Yingxia Jiang,&nbsp;Jianglei Rao,&nbsp;Yourong Fan,&nbsp;Jiangyi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112357","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.112357","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While hybrids between <em>japonica</em> and <em>indica</em> rice exhibit strong heterosis, they often suffer from hybrid sterility (HS). Hybrid fertility of the embryo sac is predominantly regulated by a three-gene system (comprising closely linked <em>ORF3</em>, <em>ORF4</em> and <em>ORF5</em>) at rice <em>S5</em> locus. The cooperation of <em>ORF5+</em> and <em>ORF4+</em> can result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and sporophytically kill all embryo sacs, while <em>ORF3+</em> can gametophytically protect the residing embryo sac. We previously identified four <em>S5-</em>interacting genes (<em>SIGs</em>) using a transgenic line BL^{<em>ORF5</em>}^<em>+</em> (Balilla carrying transgenic <em>ORF5+</em>) and a wide compatibility variety Dular (DL or D). Homozygote and hemizygote of <em>ORF5+</em> transgene had significantly different spikelet fertility (SF), which disturbed the phenotypic effects of <em>SIGs</em>. However, HS effects of <em>SIGs</em> under the endogenous (nontransgenic) gamete killer remained unknown. We formerly constructed a semisterile near isogenic line (NIL) <em>S5</em>-BL/NJ by introgressing <em>S5</em> fragment of <em>indica</em> rice Nanjing11 (NJ or N, carrying <em>ORF3+ORF4-ORF5+</em> haplotypes) into the genome of <em>japonica</em> rice Balilla (BL or B, carrying <em>ORF3-ORF4+ORF5-</em> haplotypes). The gamete-protecting effect of <em>ORF3+</em> in NJ may confuse SF effect of the <em>SIGs</em>, so we knocked out <em>ORF3+</em> of <em>S5</em>-NJ/NJ and crossed it with BL to get gamete-killing <em>S5</em>-BL/NJ^{<em>ΔORF3+</em>}<em>,</em> which can kill all (KA) gametes (abbreviated as enS5KA). Compared with the ex<em>S5</em>KA line (a NIL carrying <em>ORF5+</em> transgenic, wihch can kill all gamete), the en<em>S5</em>KA line conferred <em>SIGs</em> a more pronounced SF effect. The en<em>S5</em>KA<em>,SIG</em>-DDDD (four <em>SIGs</em> carry homozygous DL alleles) genotype caused a SF of about 78 %, while SF of ex<em>S5</em>KA<em>,SIG</em>-DDDD was only about 62 %. Moreover, all <em>SIGs</em> acted in a sporophytic manner without segregation distortion of genotype. Although en<em>S5</em>KA<em>,SIG</em>-DDDD plants had high SF, the ER stress still existed. The ovule section revealed that en<em>S5</em>KA,<em>SIG</em>-BBBB genotype (four <em>SIGs</em> carry homozygous BL allele, with ER stress and SF &lt; 5 %) caused abnormal degradation of nucellar cells and functional megaspores. In contrast, en<em>S5</em>KA,<em>SIG</em>-DDDD genotype preserved most nucellar cells and functional megaspores. These results lay the foundation for further research on HS mechanism of <em>S5</em> and <em>SIGs</em> and cloning of candidate genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"352 ","pages":"Article 112357"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142829554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}