{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation and physiological responses of 20 table grape varieties to sole and combined salt and drought stress","authors":"Dongliang Zhang , Anqi Xie , Chunmei Zhu , Zhiyu Liu , Zongyi Zhang , Wenting Zhai , Yunwen Zhao , Junli Sun , Baolong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112790","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112790","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil drought and salinization limit grape production, and the cultivation of salt and drought resistant table grape varieties can effectively solve this problem. In this study, the salt and drought tolerance of 20 table grape varieties was comprehensively evaluated by different methods. Under salt and drought stress the growth of grapes was inhibited; the stomatal resistance, relative conductivity, MDA, FRAP antioxidant activity, ABA, ABS/RC, TRo/RC, and DIo/RC in leaves increased; and the relative water content, content of photosynthetic pigments, Fv/Fm, PI abs, and ETo/RC in leaves decreased. The degree of damage was greatest under combined salt-drought stress, followed by sole salt stress and sole drought stress. Under various stress conditions, 'Munage' exhibited strong tolerance. Compared with the sensitive variety 'Sweet sapphire', the new shoot growth quantity and Fv/Fm of 'Munage' were respectively 146.67 % and 10.88 % higher under salt stress, 93.10 % and 3.63 % higher under drought stress, and 200.00 % and 13.31 % higher under combined stress. Correlations between indicators were observed, the shoot growth, stomatal resistance, Chla and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of leaves could be used as reliable indicators for rapidly evaluating the salt and drought tolerance of grapes. Membership function analysis and principal component analysis were used to calculate the D-value (the comprehensive evaluation indicator). 'Munage', 'Manaizi', 'Thompson Seedless', and 'Hotan Red' were highly salt and drought-tolerant varieties. 'Kyoho', 'Red muscatel', 'Summer Black', 'Shine Muscat', and 'Sweet sapphire' were highly sensitive to salt and drought. Three stepwise regression models were also developed for the rapid screening and identification of salt and drought-tolerant grape varieties. In conclusion, key salt and drought tolerance indicators and comprehensive evaluation methods were proposed to identify salt and drought-tolerant grape varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112790"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant SciencePub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112788
Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi , Kecai Chen , Weicai Song , Liping Zhu , Jin Gao , Heng Yin
{"title":"Trans-Zeatin Riboside enhanced plant regeneration and Auxins induced adventitious rooting in Stevia rebaudiana","authors":"Mohammad Aqa Mohammadi , Kecai Chen , Weicai Song , Liping Zhu , Jin Gao , Heng Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> is an economically important crop prized for its natural sweeteners. This study investigated the effects of trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) on plant regeneration in vertical and horizontal orientations, different Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium strengths concentration, and various auxins on adventitious root formation in <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em> cuttings. Direct organogenesis enabled efficient shoot regeneration, with the highest shoot proliferation rate (10.5 shoots/explant) achieved using 5 mg/L tZR in horizontal orientation after three weeks. Gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) further enhanced shoot elongation with a low concentration of GA<sub>3</sub> (0.5 mg/L) increased plant height, whereas a high GA<sub>3</sub> concentration cause abnormal growth and inhibit rooting. For root development, half-strength MS medium was optimal for rooting of cuttings, and half-strength MS with 1.0 mg/L α-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) yielded the longest roots, while 1.0 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) producing the highest root numbers and highest transplant survival rates compare to other auxins concentrations. Notably, adventitious roots also formed on hormone-free medium before successful soil acclimatization. This research establishes an efficient <em>in vitro</em> regeneration system for <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em>, offering practical applications for commercial propagation and biotechnological advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112788"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145158719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant SciencePub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112786
Tingting Liu , Justus Palisaar , Paul Grünhofer , Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl , Lukas Schreiber , Klaus Dittert , Tino Kreszies
{"title":"Nitrogen availability affects aerenchyma formation and suberization in early root development of soil-grown maize","authors":"Tingting Liu , Justus Palisaar , Paul Grünhofer , Viktoria Zeisler-Diehl , Lukas Schreiber , Klaus Dittert , Tino Kreszies","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen (N) is a key requirement for crop growth and development, highlighting the importance of root adaptations for enhancing N acquisition. While much attention has been given to root architecture, less is known about how N availability influences root anatomical structures. In this study, we examined one-month-old maize plants grown in soil under two N levels to investigate how N supply affects root anatomy, with a focus on aerenchyma formation and suberization. At this growth stage, no significant differences were observed in shoot and root dry biomass or root length between the two N levels. However, the carbon/nitrogen ratio in both shoot and root tissues was higher under low N conditions, clearly indicating N deficiency. Staining and chemical analyses revealed that, during early nitrogen stress, suberin accumulation was greater in the endodermis than in the exodermis. Specifically, aliphatic suberin levels remained relatively stable, whereas exodermal suberin showed no significant changes under low nitrogen. Additionally, a significant increase in aerenchyma proportion relative to cortical tissue was observed. These findings suggest that under early N limitation, maize adjusts root anatomical traits by prioritizing aerenchyma formation over energy-intensive suberin deposition. This strategy may reduce root metabolic costs, supporting nutrient uptake and growth under suboptimal nitrogen conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant SciencePub Date : 2025-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112789
Chokri Zaghdoud , Cristóbal J. Solano , José Antonio Franco , Sebastián Bañón , Juan A. Fernández , María del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta
{"title":"Supplemental monochromatic red light mitigates salt-induced stress in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants","authors":"Chokri Zaghdoud , Cristóbal J. Solano , José Antonio Franco , Sebastián Bañón , Juan A. Fernández , María del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of supplemental light spectra is emerging as a promising strategy to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stress. This study examines the role of red (R) LED light in modulating the response of pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.) plants to salinity stress. Plants were exposed to 50 mM NaCl for two weeks, with or without prior R LED (GH CSSRM5.24 OSLON® Square model) exposure, resulting in four treatments: control (CON), R LED alone (R LED), NaCl alone (NaCl), and R LED pre-treatment combined with NaCl (LED+NaCl). The LED+NaCl treatment significantly improved shoot biomass, stomatal conductance, transpiration, and photosynthetic rates compared to NaCl alone, alleviating salinity-induced damage. These benefits were associated to enhanced stomatal aperture and upregulated expression of <em>PIP1;2</em> and <em>PIP1;5</em>, key aquaporin isoforms for water and CO<sub>2</sub> transport. In contrast, the downregulation of <em>PIP2;7</em> in root tissues under LED+NaCl suggests its role in reducing water loss and generating hydraulic signals for stomatal regulation. Additionally, LED+NaCl-treated plants exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and increased flavonoid and phenolic accumulation, reinforcing oxidative stress tolerance. These findings suggest that R LED pre-treatment is a viable strategy to enhance salt tolerance in pepper by optimizing water and CO<sub>2</sub> transport, preserving stomatal function, and strengthening antioxidant defenses, offering insights for sustainable crop management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"361 ","pages":"Article 112789"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration of transcriptomic and metabolomic data reveals the low temperature response gene regulatory network of germination in soybean (Glycine max L.)","authors":"Wenhui Fu , Jingying Nie , Junli Ou, Yuchen Liu, Benshi Zhou, Yan Jing, Yonggang Zhou, Junlong Gao, Keheng Xu, Chen Feng, Hongtao Gao, Yaxin Li, Aifang Xiao, Haiyan Li, Wenping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-temperature stress (<6 ℃) during soybean germination significantly delays germination timing, reduces germination percentage, and ultimately decreases yield. To enhance stress-resilient yield stability, we identified low-temperature-tolerant germplasm and characterized associated genetic resources. Using extreme cold-phenotype accessions (chilling-tolerant C143 and chilling-sensitive K2C037) during the germination process at 6 ℃, we investigated cold-response mechanisms through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of both imbibition and germination stages. Our analyses revealed 437 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 28 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) in tolerant accessions, compared to 152 DEGs and 38 DAMs in sensitive accessions post-imbibition phase. Post-germination phases, we identified 232 DEGs and 45 DAMs in tolerant accessions versus 209 DEGs and 22 DAMs in sensitive accessions. Integration of Pearson correlation analysis between DEGs and DAMs with weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) identified 16 and 17 candidate cold-response genes for imbibition and germination stages, respectively. In the post-imbibition phase, sixteen low-temperature-responsive candidate genes were identified, including <em>LTI65</em>, <em>CAT2</em>, <em>PEX19–1</em>, <em>RVE1</em>, <em>BGLU44</em>, and <em>ECT2</em>. These genes showed co-expression with known stress-related genes and were functionally enriched in plant hormone signaling, cold response, and fatty acid metabolism pathways. After germination, key candidate genes included transcription factors (<em>YABBY7</em>, <em>YABBY13</em>, <em>YABBY16</em>, <em>ATHB-16</em>), transporters (<em>SWEET4</em>, <em>SWEET4-like</em>, <em>SULTR2;1</em>), and metabolic genes (<em>APL3</em>, <em>LTP3</em>), whose co-expression networks were primarily associated with plant hormone responses, peroxisome function, fatty acid metabolism, and cold stress response. These findings provide novel genetic targets for improving soybean cold tolerance during critical early growth stages, offering potential strategies for breeding chilling-tolerant soybean varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112787"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145182166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification and functional characterization of BrcLL1, a candidate gene controlling leaf lobing in non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis)","authors":"Zhihang Song, Zhaojun Yu, Haoming Li, Qingguo Sun, Hanqiang Liu, Maixia Hui","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf morphology is a key agronomic trait in non-heading Chinese cabbage (<em>Brassica rapa</em> subsp. <em>chinensis</em>), influencing both its commercial value and adaptability. The lobed leaf phenotype is of particular interest due to its implications for stress tolerance and breeding selection. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the round-leaf line 14XS39B and the lobed-leaf line 14XS33H was used to fine-map the genetic basis of leaf lobing. A candidate gene, <em>BrcLL1</em> (<em>lobed-leaf 1</em>), was identified within a 13.5 kb interval on chromosome A10, encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper class I (HD-ZIP I) transcription factor. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that <em>BrcLL1</em> expression was significantly elevated in the lobed-leaf parent 14XS33H, particularly at the cotyledon stage. Gene copy number analysis revealed that both 14XS39B and 14XS33H carry two copies of <em>BrcLL1 (BrcLL1-A, BrcLL1-B)</em>. Sequence of <em>BrcLL1-A</em> showed no difference between the two parents, while the sequence of <em>BrcLL1-B</em> in 14XS33H has a 245 bp deletion in the intron region and four SNPs in the coding region. Transformation validation of the CDS sequences in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> revealed distinct roles for the two alleles: overexpression of <em>BrcLL1-A</em> caused mildly serrated leaf margins, whereas overexpressing <em>BrcLL1-B</em> induced deeply lobed and highly dissected leaves with altered morphology. Furthermore, RNAi-mediated knockdown of <em>BrcLL1</em> resulted in enlarged leaves, supporting the possibility of a positive regulatory role in the production of lobed leaves. These results indicate that the four SNPs in the coding region of the <em>BrcLL1-B</em> gene copy in the lobed-leaf parent, which lead to elevated expression of the <em>B</em> copy, serve as the primary driver enhancing the lobed-leaf phenotype, whereas the <em>A</em> copy likely plays only a minor role. Collectively, our work provides valuable insights into the molecular basis of lobed leaf formation and marker-assisted breeding in <em>Brassica</em> crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112785"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant SciencePub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112783
Huirong Duan , Richard John Tiika , Guangxin Cui , Fuping Tian , Yu Hu , Xinqiang Zhu , Yuan Lu , Qian Zhang , Chunmei Wang , Yi Li , Hongshan Yang
{"title":"SeXTH23 enhances salt tolerance by regulating succulence and osmotic adjustment in aspen hybrid","authors":"Huirong Duan , Richard John Tiika , Guangxin Cui , Fuping Tian , Yu Hu , Xinqiang Zhu , Yuan Lu , Qian Zhang , Chunmei Wang , Yi Li , Hongshan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Salicornia europaea</em> serves as a key halophyte model for studying salt adaptation due to its remarkable ability to thrive under high salinity. In the present study, 50–300 mM NaCl enhanced <em>S. europaea</em> growth, accompanied with increased tissue succulence and water content, also effective ion accumulation and distribution. <em>SeXTH23</em>, harboring a conserved catalytic domain and secretory signal peptide, was highly expressed in shoots and vascular tissues, indicating its potential role in vascular cell wall remodeling during stress. Overexpression of <em>SeXTH23</em> in transgenic aspen hybrid improved salt tolerance by enhancing succulence, water content, proline accumulation and photosynthetic efficiency, while reducing oxidative damage (lower MDA) and water loss rate. <em>SeXTH23</em>-RNAi <em>S. europaea</em> plants exhibited reduced dry weight, succulence, and rapid water lost. These results form a foundation for the application of SeXTH23 as genetic target for engineering salt-tolerant crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112783"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant SciencePub Date : 2025-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112782
Chun Ye, Yile Sheng, Xiaohua Zhang, Jingwen Zhang, Hongzheng Sun, Chunbo Miao, Junzhou Li, Yanxiu Du
{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of the breeding value of OsPUP7 in rice","authors":"Chun Ye, Yile Sheng, Xiaohua Zhang, Jingwen Zhang, Hongzheng Sun, Chunbo Miao, Junzhou Li, Yanxiu Du","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gene editing has emerged as a powerful tool in crop breeding, particularly for rice, enabling the creation of germplasm and trait improvement. A thorough understanding of gene functions is essential for precise and efficient crop enhancement. <em>OsPUP7</em> encodes a purine permease involved in cytokinin transport. However, the effects of <em>OsPUP7</em> deficiency on rice growth and development, as well as its potential application value in rice breeding, remain unclear<em>.</em> This study analyzed the expression patterns of <em>OsPUP7</em> in rice, constructed <em>OsPUP7</em> knockout lines, and conducted three consecutive years of field trials to systematically evaluate the effects of <em>OsPUP7</em> knockout on rice agronomic traits, yield traits, quality, resistance, and seed germination. The results showed that <em>OsPUP7</em> is primarily expressed in panicles and grains. <em>OsPUP7</em> knockout had no significant effect on heading date, plant height, number of panicles per plant, panicle length, primary branches, or single-plant yield, but significantly reduced the number of secondary branches and grains per panicle. At the same time, <em>OsPUP7</em> knockout significantly increased grain length and the length-to-width ratio, reduced grain thickness, but had no significant effect on grain width and thousand-grain weight. In addition, the knockout of <em>OsPUP7</em> generally does not affect milling quality, nutritional properties, or cooking quality. <em>OsPUP7</em> knockout also had no significant effect on blast resistance, salt tolerance and seed germination. Based on the comprehensive evaluation above, we conclude that <em>OsPUP7</em> is a potential and efficient target gene for improving rice grain shape using gene editing technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112782"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant SciencePub Date : 2025-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112784
Cheng Ma , Zi-Qi Pei , Qiao Zhu, Cai-Hong Chai, Tong-Guo, Xin-Xin Mou, Xu-Wang, Juan Wang, Teng-Guo Zhang, Sheng Zheng
{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide as a key mediator in melatonin-induced enhancement of cold tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings","authors":"Cheng Ma , Zi-Qi Pei , Qiao Zhu, Cai-Hong Chai, Tong-Guo, Xin-Xin Mou, Xu-Wang, Juan Wang, Teng-Guo Zhang, Sheng Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melatonin (MT) is a key bioactive molecule that enhances plant tolerance to cold stress; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study demonstrates that foliar application of 100 μM MT improves cold tolerance in tomato seedlings by activating antioxidant enzyme systems and cold-responsive pathways. Notably, endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) levels are also elevated, suggesting a potential role in MT-mediated responses. Moreover, treatment with sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, an H<sub>2</sub>S donor) further enhances MT-induced cold tolerance by increasing antioxidant capacity, promoting the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and secondary metabolites, and reducing cold-induced oxidative damage. In contrast, inhibition of H<sub>2</sub>S signaling using HT (an H<sub>2</sub>S scavenger) or PAG (an inhibitor of H<sub>2</sub>S biosynthesis) significantly attenuates the protective effects of MT. Additionally, tomato lines overexpressing the H<sub>2</sub>S biosynthetic gene <em>SlDCD1</em> exhibit a more pronounced response to MT-induced cold tolerance than wild-type plants. Conversely, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of <em>SlDCD1</em> significantly compromises the protective effects of MT under cold stress. Collectively, the results suggest that H<sub>2</sub>S signaling plays a central role in MT-mediated cold stress tolerance in tomato seedlings. This work provides new insights into how MT contributes to plant adaptation under cold stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112784"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145138529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plant SciencePub Date : 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112781
Mikel V. Eceiza , Miriam Gil-Monreal , Clara Jimenez-Martinez , Laura Estepa , Eneko Trebol-Aizpurua , Mithila Jugulam , Mercedes Royuela , Ana Zabalza
{"title":"Glutathione metabolism and free amino acid profile in Amaranthus palmeri with non-target site-based resistance to sulfonylureas","authors":"Mikel V. Eceiza , Miriam Gil-Monreal , Clara Jimenez-Martinez , Laura Estepa , Eneko Trebol-Aizpurua , Mithila Jugulam , Mercedes Royuela , Ana Zabalza","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although the majority of <em>Amaranthus palmeri</em> populations resistant to ALS inhibitors are due to alterations in the enzyme (target-site resistance mechanism), there are some cases of resistance due to herbicide metabolization (which is a non-target site (NTS) mechanism). In this study, we investigated the physiology of a sensitive (S) population and a sulfonylurea-resistant population due to NTSR of <em>A. palmeri</em> (R). Both populations were grown hydroponically and treated with the ALS inhibitor nicosulfuron, alone or combined with NBD-Cl (GST inhibitor). Seven days later, free amino acid profile, glutathione (GSH) content and GST activity and expression were measured in the leaves. Only S population leaves showed the typical amino acid profile previously described after sulfonylureas; R population showed no change, suggesting that such physiological disruption is prevented as ALS activity is maintained through herbicide metabolism. In the S population, the herbicide-induced oxidative stress triggered an increase in GST activity and accumulation of glutathione-related compounds (GSH and its precursors). R population showed a higher basal GST activity than S population and GST activity was induced by the herbicide. Three Phy and three Tau GSTs were evaluated, but none were clearly linked to increased activity. Root length in agar plates was used as a marker of herbicide sensitivity in the presence or absence of NBD-Cl and malathion (P450s inhibitor). The results provide evidence that P450s are involved in NTSR in the population of <em>A. palmeri</em> of this study, as previously reported, and they suggest, for the first time in a dicot weed, the involvement of GSTs in sulfonylurea metabolism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"362 ","pages":"Article 112781"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}