Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Root architecture and the rhizosphere microbiome: Shaping sustainable agriculture","authors":"Ademir S.F. Araujo ,&nbsp;Arthur P.A. Pereira ,&nbsp;Erika V. de Medeiros ,&nbsp;Lucas W. Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding root architecture and exudation is fundamental for enhancing crop productivity and promoting sustainable agriculture. Historically, plant researchers have focused on above-ground traits to increase yield and reduce input dependence. However, below-ground traits, especially those related to the root system, are equally critical yet often overlooked due to phenotyping challenges. Root architecture, including some root traits, i.e., lateral root density, root hair abundance, and root tip number, plays central roles in plant establishment, stress tolerance, and the recruitment of beneficial microbes in the rhizosphere. Root exudates, a complex array of chemical compounds released by roots, vary with plant species, developmental stage, and environmental conditions. These compounds act as signals and nutrients, shaping the composition and function of rhizosphere microbial communities. In turn, the microbiome of rhizosphere contributes to plant health by facilitating nutrient uptake, enhancing stress resilience, and providing defense against pathogens. Integrating root traits into breeding programs offers promising opportunities to select for genotypes that are more efficient in recruiting beneficial microbes. Heritable root traits, such as increased branching, finer roots, and higher exudation capacity, can enhance microbiome assembly and stability. The assessment of genes can also regulate of these traits and represent targets for genomics-assisted selection. Some strategies, such as microbiome engineering, particularly through the design of synthetic microbial communities (SynComs), can be used to modulate root architecture and optimize plant-microbe interactions. Despite these promising outcomes, challenges remain in translating SynCom applications to the field due to environmental variability, native microbial competition, and limited understanding of host genetic controls. This review discusses how root architecture shapes the rhizosphere microbiome and explores strategies, such as trait-based breeding and microbiome engineering, for advancing sustainable crop production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112599"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress memory increases cane yield and juice quality of field-grown sugarcane","authors":"Maria D. Pissolato ,&nbsp;Larissa P. Cruz ,&nbsp;Rafael L. Almeida ,&nbsp;Tamires S. Martins ,&nbsp;Eduardo C. Machado ,&nbsp;Júlio C. Garcia ,&nbsp;Marcos G.A. Landell ,&nbsp;Mauro A. Xavier ,&nbsp;Rafael V. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intergenerational drought memory has been studied in several sexually reproducing plant species, but the occurrence of this phenomenon and the potential effects on yield of clonal plants are unknown. We investigated the effects of intergenerational drought memory on productivity of sugarcane propagules obtained from plants previously stressed at two phenological stages. Firstly, IACCTC07–8008 (drought tolerant) and IACSP95–5000 (high-yielding) cultivars were grown under well-hydrated conditions (group W) or subjected to three cycles of water deficit through water withholding during the tillering (group T) or maturation (group M) stage. Then, propagules from these three groups were grown under field conditions. Propagules from groups T and M of IACCTC07–8008 showed enhanced photosynthesis, attributed to increased stomatal conductance, photochemical activity, Rubisco carboxylation, and a larger root system. Group M of IACCTC07–8008 exhibited reduced ascorbate peroxidase activity, leading to increased H₂O₂ concentration without causing oxidative damage. This group also showed improved juice quality – such a higher sucrose content. The stalk yield, shoot biomass, leaf area index and tiller density of the group M of IACCTC07–8008 and group T of IACSP95–5000 were increased as a consequence of intergenerational drought memory. Although both cultivars have “inherited” drought memory, our findings suggest that parental stress memory varies between cultivars and phenological stages in sugarcane. This research is the first to demonstrate the impact of intergenerational drought memory on yield and juice quality in field-grown sugarcane, providing valuable insights for enhancing drought tolerance strategies in sugarcane production, with significant potential benefits for the industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 13-bp insertion in CmAPRR2 gene disrupts its function in regulating the green rind formation of immature melon fruit (Cucumis melo L.)","authors":"Liqin Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Dong ,&nbsp;Zongqing Qiu ,&nbsp;Runhua Bu ,&nbsp;Yu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yuhong Li ,&nbsp;Huilin Wang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melon (<em>Cucumis melo</em> L.) fruit rind color represents a crucial agronomic trait that significantly influences consumer preference, market value, and postharvest quality. Although economically important, the molecular mechanisms regulating rind color variation remain largely unexplored. In this study, we identified and characterized a key gene controlling the immature fruit rind color from two melon inbred lines, TC3 with immature green fruit rind and Tm34 with immature light-green fruit rind. Genetic segregation analysis across multiple populations demonstrated that immature green fruit rind color is governed by a single completely dominant gene, designated as <em>GR</em>. Fine mapping strategies delimited the <em>GR</em> locus to a 27.14 kb region on chromosome 4 containing five candidate genes. Sequence analysis revealed a 13-bp insertion specifically within the seventh exon of <em>CmAPRR2</em>, encoding a two-component response regulator-like protein APRR2. The insertion introduced a premature stop codon, leading to a truncated protein. Allelic diversity assessment among 40 natural melon accessions revealed a strong correlation between rind color phenotype and the <em>CmAPRR2</em> insertion polymorphism. Expression analysis demonstrated significantly higher <em>CmAPRR2</em> transcript levels in green rinds compared to light-green rinds during immature fruit development. Consistent with this observation, genes involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development were also upregulated in green rinds. While the insertion mutation did not affect the nuclear localization of <em>CmAPRR2</em>, it exhibited a significant reduction in its transcriptional activation capacity. Further, employing virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) to silence the <em>SlAPRR2</em> gene in tomato led to the development of light-green fruit coloration and a marked downregulation of <em>APRR2</em> gene expression. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying melon rind color formation and identify <em>CmAPRR2</em> as a promising genetic resource for molecular breeding programs aimed at manipulating rind color traits in melon.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112590"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of Cordyceps militaris Cmcns1/cns2 gene to produce cordycepin results in increased resistance to Ralstonia solawacearum, Alternaria alternate and TMV in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)","authors":"Jie Tan ,&nbsp;Tao Long ,&nbsp;Juntao Song ,&nbsp;Tianxiunan Pu ,&nbsp;Yuanshuai Shi ,&nbsp;Xu Luo ,&nbsp;Yang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cordycepin (COR), the first nucleoside antibiotic isolated from fungi, exhibits antibacterial, antitumor, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we constructed a <em>Cmcns1/cns2</em> fusion gene vector and transformed tobacco using <em>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</em>-mediated genetic transformation. The results showed that cordycepin was detected in transgenic tobacco plants, with <em>Cmcns1/cns2</em> expression confirmed and the highest expression level observed in line OE1. This suggests a direct correlation between COR production and <em>Cmcns1/cns2</em> gene expression levels. Importantly, following infection with viral or bacterial pathogens, the <em>Cmcns1/cns2</em>-overexpressing tobacco plants exhibited fewer wilting lesions compared to wild-type plants, indicating that <em>Cmcns1/cns2</em> expression contributes to COR production, thereby enhancing disease resistance. We measured malondialdehyde (MDA) content, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity, before and after treatment. The results demonstrated that MDA content in transgenic tobacco was lower than pre-treatment levels, whereas SOD and POD activities were higher than pre-treatment values. Furthermore, expression levels of disease resistance genes <em>NtADR1</em>, <em>NtNPR1</em>, and <em>NtNRG1</em> in transgenic line OE1 were significantly elevated compared to wild-type plants following treatment with <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> and <em>Alternaria alternata</em>. This confirms that the transgenic <em>Cmcns1/cns2</em> gene enhances disease resistance in tobacco, presenting a new approach for breeding plants with improved disease resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112597"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative effects of ZnSO4 and ZnO-NPs in improving cotton growth and yield under drought stress at early reproductive stage","authors":"Touhidur Rahman Anik ,&nbsp;Mohammad Golam Mostofa ,&nbsp;Md. Mezanur Rahman ,&nbsp;Sanjida Sultana Keya ,&nbsp;Chien Van Ha ,&nbsp;Md Arifur Rahman Khan ,&nbsp;Mostafa Abdelrahman ,&nbsp;Mai Nguyen Khanh Dao ,&nbsp;Ha Duc Chu ,&nbsp;Lam-Son Phan Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought episodes, especially during the reproductive stages, have posed a significant threat to cotton production on a global scale. Finding an efficient solution that would bring immediate advantages to cotton producers has received unprecedented interest from the research community. Mineral supplements can play an important role in combating drought, while also improving fiber yield and cotton quality. The current study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of zinc sulphate (ZnSO₄·7 H₂O; 1.0 g Kg⁻¹ potting mix) and zinc oxide-nanoparticle (ZnO-NP; 0.1 g Kg⁻¹ potting mix) supplements in improving cotton drought tolerance and yield attributes. Supplementation of zinc (Zn) to potting mix, particularly in the form of ZnO-NPs, increased cotton growth, root and shoot biomass, and hydration status during drought. Both Zn supplements boosted the enzymatic antioxidant system and contributed to membrane integrity by minimizing drought-induced oxidative damage. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR also showed high corroboration with the antioxidant activity assay data. ZnO-NP-supplemented plants showed better performance in mineral uptake and accumulation than ZnSO₄-supplemented plants under both well-watered and drought conditions. In terms of yield, ZnO-NP-supplemented plants outperformed ZnSO₄-supplemented plants in both drought and well-watered circumstances. The correlation network analysis also provides evidence of Zn-mediated coordination of antioxidant defense system and yield performance. Altogether, the findings of the present study suggest that ZnO-NPs have better potential than ZnSO₄ in mitigating the harmful effects of drought on cotton to enhance its performance under soil conditions with restricted water availability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112589"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon oxide nanoparticles boost rice resilience to salinity by enhancing antioxidant defenses and stress regulation","authors":"Pravej Alam ,&nbsp;Mohammad Faizan ,&nbsp;Haider Sultan ,&nbsp;Thamer Al Balawi","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity stress is one of the most detrimental abiotic factors affecting plant development, harming vast swaths of agricultural land worldwide. Silicon is one element that is obviously crucial for the production and health of plants. With the advent of nanotechnology in agricultural sciences, the application of silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO-NPs) presents a viable strategy to enhance sustainable crop production. The aim of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of SiO-NPs on the morpho-physio-biochemical parameters of rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L., variety: DRR Dhan 73) under both normal and saline conditions. To create salt stress during transplanting, 50 mM NaCl was injected through the soil. 200 mM SiO-NPs were sprayed on the leaves 25 days after sowing (DAS). It was evident that salt stress significantly hindered rice growth because of the reductions in shot length (41 %), root length (38 %), shot fresh mass (40 %), root fresh mass (47 %), shoot dry mass (48 %), and root dry mass (39 %), when compared to controls. Together with this growth inhibition, elevated oxidative stress markers including a 78 % increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a 67 % increase in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) indicating enhanced lipid peroxidation were noted. Increasing the chlorophyll content (14 %), photosynthetic rate (11 %), protein levels, total free amino acids (TFAA; 13 %), and total soluble sugars (TSS; 11 %), all help to boost nitrogen (N; 16 %), phosphorous (P; 14 %), potassium (K; 12 %), and vital nutrients. The adverse effects of salt stress were significantly reduced by exogenous application of SiO-NPs. Additionally; SiO-NPs dramatically raised the activity of important antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX), and catalase (CAT), improving the plant's ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thereby lowering oxidative damage brought on by salt. This study highlights SiO-NPs' potential to develop sustainable farming practices and provides significant new insights into how they enhance plant resilience to salinity, particularly in salt-affected regions worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112588"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium uptake function of LbKT1 and LbSKOR from Lycium barbarum and their influence on the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis","authors":"Xia Han ,&nbsp;Yuhao Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Feng ,&nbsp;Yihan Wang ,&nbsp;Haoqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium participates in a variety of plant physiological processes and has great impact on plant growth and stress adaptation. The absorption of potassium by Plant is mediated by potassium channels and transporters, and the Shaker potassium channel gene family plays an important role in potassium uptake. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form ubiquitous symbioses with plants and increase plants’ potassium uptake. However, few studies have focused on the interaction of plant potassium channels from the Shaker gene family with AM fungi. In this study, the potassium uptake function of LbKT1 and LbSKOR (homologs of AKT1 and SKOR in Arabidopsis) from the Shaker gene family in <em>Lycium barbarum</em> was verified by the complementary assay using a yeast potassium uptake mutant. <em>LbKT1</em> and <em>LbSKOR</em> were also overexpressed in tobacco to assess their influence on AM fungi under low and normal potassium conditions in a pot experiment. LbKT1 could rescue the phenotype of the yeast mutant, while LbSKOR could not. Overexpression of <em>LbKT1</em> increased tobacco plant growth and potassium uptake and promoted the colonization of AM fungi. Meanwhile, overexpression of <em>LbSKOR</em> promoted potassium translocation from root to shoot and showed no obvious influence on the colonization of AM fungi. Our results suggested that the AM fungi could promote tobacco growth and potassium uptake, while the plant potassium status and the AM fungal colonization may form positive feedback in promoting tobacco potassium uptake and growth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112587"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription factor SlGATA22 negatively regulates cold stress resistance and modulates tomato seedling growth","authors":"Tairu Wu ,&nbsp;Zhentong Zhao ,&nbsp;Xinyue Pang ,&nbsp;Buyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinqian Sun ,&nbsp;Zihan Cheng ,&nbsp;Ziyi Yan ,&nbsp;Dalong Li ,&nbsp;He Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Xu ,&nbsp;Tingting Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GATA transcription factors (TFs) play a variety of roles involved in the regulation of physiological processes in the plant kingdom. The functions of the majority of GATA TFs in tomato remain largely unexplored. <em>SlGATA22</em> was found to be upregulated under cold stress conditions in tomato plants. In this study, we generated <em>SlGATA22</em> mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and <em>SlGATA22</em>-overexpressing tomato plants to elucidate its function. Results indicated that the internode length of <em>SlGATA22</em> mutant seedlings became shorter, axillary meristem differentiation advanced and the cold resistance increased, while the internode of <em>SlGATA22</em>-overexpressing (OE) seedlings became longer and cold resistance decreased. Transcriptome analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in <em>SlGATA22</em> CRISPR mutant plants were significantly enriched in pathways related to environmental stress response, whereas DEGs in <em>SlGATA22</em> overexpressing plants were primarily involved in basal metabolic processes. <em>SlCBF1</em> and <em>SlCBF2</em> expression patterns were influenced by <em>SlGATA22</em> expression. These results demonstrate that <em>SlGATA22</em> is a negative regulator that responds to cold stress and involved with the CBF pathway. Consequently, <em>SlGATA22</em> may be a potential locus for genetic modification for enhancing crop abiotic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112585"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family ties and acclimation to salinity in Solanaceae","authors":"Aye Nyein Ko ,&nbsp;Shikha Verma ,&nbsp;Milena Maria Tomaz de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Omer Falik ,&nbsp;Shimon Rachmilevitch","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Belowground competition is affected by the presence and identity of neighboring plants, as well as by environmental conditions. We examined the effects of the degree of relatedness (DOR) of neighboring Solanaceae relatives under salinity stress vs. control. Cherry tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) (C) and bell pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum</em> L.) (B) plants were grown individually or in pairs of high (H) DOR (CC and BB) and low (L) DOR (CB), under control and salinity conditions. In comparisons of plant responses to DOR and treatments, cherry tomato benefited from the presence of bell pepper, with increased CO₂ assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), plant height (H), shoot and root growth, xylem area and root respiration, thus acclimating better to salinity with L-DOR pairing. In contrast, salinity-stressed bell pepper showed impairment in A, gs, H, biomass, root anatomy, and proliferation of fine roots with significantly increased root respiration, especially with L-DOR pairing. Expression of genes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) was also affected by the neighbor’s presence, influencing respiration rate. Acclimation to salinity is, therefore, species-specific and depends on the neighbors’ presence and DOR, suggesting that cultivating major crops with different DORs under extreme environmental constraints could increase stress tolerance for sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112583"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternaria radicina xylanase is required for the occurrence of carrot black rot disease","authors":"Yingying Wang ,&nbsp;Zhimin Wang ,&nbsp;Shuo Liu ,&nbsp;Jianxin Deng ,&nbsp;Ge Wang ,&nbsp;Fangfang Ma ,&nbsp;Zhilong Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Alternaria radicina</em>, the causative agent of carrot black rot, causes significant damage to both the leaves and roots of carrots throughout the growing season. The pathogenic effectors are seldomly isolated and lack of functional studies. In this study, we performed genomic sequencing, assembly, and annotation of an <em>A</em>. <em>radicina</em> isolate. <em>A. radicina</em> genome is about 34.71 Mb, and contains 11,271 coding sequences. Based on the Pathogen Host Interactions (PHI) database, three xylanase genes containing the glycoside hydrolase 11 (GH11) domain are enriched. We further identify five xylanase genes (<em>ArXyn1</em> ∼ <em>ArXyn5</em>) in <em>A. radicina</em> genome according to the amino acid sequence similarity, and investigate their functional roles in the infection process. The transcriptions of <em>ArXyn1</em> and <em>ArXyn3</em> are significantly induced in both <em>A. radicina</em> strain and infected leaf tissues during the infection. Transiently expressing <em>ArXyn1</em> or <em>ArXyn3</em> in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> leaves triggers the cell death, which is dependent on the signal peptide localized at the N-terminal of each gene. Subcellular localization analysis reveals that both <em>ArXyn1</em> and <em>ArXyn3</em> are localized in the plasma membrane, cytosol, nucleus and extracellular spaces of <em>N. benthamiana</em> leaf cells. Deleting either <em>ArXyn1</em> or <em>ArXyn3</em> slightly reduces the fungal growth on the medium. The <em>ArXyn1</em> or <em>ArXyn3</em> deletion mutant cause less severe disease symptoms on carrot leaves and roots than wild type strain. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that both mutants cause reduced cell wall damages compared to wild type strain. Taken together, our results suggest that xylanases contribute to <em>A</em>. <em>radicina</em> virulence, and play important roles in the occurrence of carrot black rot disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"359 ","pages":"Article 112582"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144195375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}