Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"GmEXPA11 facilitates nodule enlargement and nitrogen fixation via interaction with GmNOD20 under regulation of GmPTF1 in soybean","authors":"Xinzhu Xing ,&nbsp;Hui Du ,&nbsp;Zhanwu Yang ,&nbsp;Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Zhenqi Shao ,&nbsp;Wenlong Li ,&nbsp;Youbin Kong ,&nbsp;Xihuan Li ,&nbsp;Caiying Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) provides 50–60 % of the nitrogen for plant growth and development, while its application is restricted for the deficiency of functional gene in biological breeding. Expansin can enlarge the plant cells through loosening the cell wall, which has a great breeding potential for legumes BNF improvement. In the present study, a cell wall α-subfamily expansin, <em>GmEXPA11</em>, was isolated and analyzed in soybean nodule growth and nitrogen fixation process. <em>GmEXPA11</em> was highly induced by <em>rhizobial</em> infection and appeared high expressions in the whole process of soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation. The overexpression of <em>GmEXPA11</em> facilitated nodule cell enlargement and generated much more big nodules, with an increase of 37.6 % on nodule cell length, 14.7 % on cell width, 25.8 % on big nodule number, 25.6 % on nodule weight, while the RNAi nodules were opposite. Moreover, <em>GmEXPA11</em> overexpression enhanced nodule nitrogen fixation ability, with the increases of 22.9 %, 6.7 % and 11.7 % on nitrogenase activity, nitrogen content and hairy root nitrogen content, while the RNAi decreased by 11.9 %, 10.7 % and 7.8 %, respectively. Further analysis demonstrated that GmEXPA11 affected nodules enlargement and nitrogen fixation via interacting with nodulin GmNOD20 under the regulation of transcription factor GmPTF1. The expression of <em>GmEXPA11</em> was significantly increased in the transgenic nodules with <em>GmPTF1</em> over-expressed. In addition, by analyzing soybean resequencing accessions, four upstream SNPs were found in the promoter of <em>GmEXPA11</em> and formed two haplotypes with significantly different soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation characters, which demonstrated the close relationship between <em>GmEXPA11-</em>SNPs and BNF.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional identification of mango MiGID1A and MiGID1B genes confers early flowering and stress tolerance","authors":"Ruoyan Li ,&nbsp;Cong Luo ,&nbsp;Junjie Zhong,&nbsp;Yuan Liu,&nbsp;Huibao Wen,&nbsp;Fang Xu,&nbsp;Zhixi He,&nbsp;Chuting Huang,&nbsp;Xinhua He","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF1</em> (<em>GID1</em>) gene encodes a receptor integral to Gibberellic acid (GA) signaling, which is pivotal for plant growth, development, and stress responses. Until now, <em>GID1</em> genes have not been documented in mango. In this research, the mango (<em>Mangifera indica)</em> genome yielded four <em>GID1</em> homologous genes, and this study focuses on the research of <em>MiGID1A</em> and <em>MiGID1B</em> genes. Expression analysis indicated that <em>MiGID1A</em> is mainly expressed in leaves, while <em>MiGID1B</em> is predominantly found in flowers and buds. Both genes exhibited a significant upsurge in expression under salt and drought stress conditions. Moreover, the overexpression of these genes significantly advanced early flowering under long-day conditions. <em>MiGID1A</em> and <em>MiGID1B</em> transgenic plants showed significantly higher root length and survival rate than WT plants under drought and salt stress treatment. In addition, under drought and salt stress treatment, the contents of malonaldehyde (MAD) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) decreased significantly, and the levels of proline (Pro) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) notably increased in the <em>MiGID1A</em>-OE and <em>MiGID1B</em>-OE transgenic plants. GA₃ treatment significantly improved germination rates, root elongation, and early flowering in both <em>MiGID1A</em>-OE and <em>MiGID1B</em>-OE lines. At the same time, ABA treatment alleviated the inhibition of seed germination, root growth, and flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis. Moreover, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays demonstrated that MiGID1A and MiGID1B were capable of interacting with DELLA family proteins. Existing reports have demonstrated that GID1 participates in various regulatory processes by promoting the degradation of DELLA proteins. SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SPL3a/b) and WRKY12a/b. The findings imply a significant regulatory function for the <em>MiGID1A</em> and <em>MiGID1B</em> genes in the processes of flowering, stress management, and gibberellin response.</div></div><div><h3>Key message</h3><div><em>MiGID1</em> as a GA receptor plays a critical role in the function of hormones, stress response, and promoting plant flowering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112468"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the overexpression of the GGP1 gene on cell wall remodelling and redox state in the tomato fruit","authors":"Nataliia Kutyrieva-Nowak ,&nbsp;Ana Pantelić ,&nbsp;Stefan Isaković ,&nbsp;Angelos K. Kanellis ,&nbsp;Marija Vidović ,&nbsp;Agata Leszczuk","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato fruit ripening is a complex physiological process that involves morphological, anatomical, biochemical, and molecular alterations. One of these changes occurring during ripening is the softening of the fruit, which is attributed to modifications in the biosynthesis and degradation of individual cell wall components, i.e. polysaccharides and proteoglycans. In addition, ripening is affected by redox processes, and interplay of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and specific antioxidants, enzymes, ascorbate, and phenolic compounds. The present study aims to determine the impact of the overexpression of the <em>GDP-<span>l</span>-galactose phosphorylase</em> (<em>GGP1</em>) gene under the control of two fruit-specific promoters, namely <em>PPC</em> - <em>phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase</em> and <em>PG - polygalacturonase</em> on cell wall properties, activities of H₂O₂-regulating enzymes and the abundance of phenolic compounds. <em>PPC-GGP1</em> and <em>PG-GGP1</em> transgenic lines revealed significant structural changes in fruit parenchyma, compared to wild type fruit, followed by a disturbance in the spatial distribution and molecular &amp; chemical composition of homogalacturonans. In addition, cell wall-bound monolignol, <em>p</em>-coumaryl alcohol was higher in transgenic fruit compared with wild type ones. Lastly, the catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were lower in <em>PPC-GGP1</em> fruits, indicating changes in the regulation of antioxidative defense during the ripening process of this line. These results suggest that overexpression of the <em>GGP1</em> gene affects the cell wall remodelling and redox state in the red ripe tomato fruits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112470"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving the agronomic performance of high-amylose durum wheat","authors":"Arianna Frittelli ,&nbsp;Ermelinda Botticella ,&nbsp;Samuela Palombieri ,&nbsp;Giulio Metelli ,&nbsp;Stefania Masci ,&nbsp;Marco Silvestri ,&nbsp;Domenico Lafiandra ,&nbsp;Francesco Sestili","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-amylose wheat has garnered significant attention from the food industry for its potential to produce low-glycaemic food products. It is well-established that there is a direct correlation between the amylose content in flour and the amount of resistant starch (RS) in foods.</div><div>Recently, some research initiatives have successfully produced high-amylose durum wheat by targeting key enzymes in the amylopectin biosynthesis pathway, though this has resulted in a reduction in seed weight. This study aimed to develop durum wheat genotypes with enhanced nutritional and agronomic traits by pyramiding mutations in the <em>SSIIa</em> genes and the <em>GW2-A1</em> null allele. A cross between Svevo SSIIa^- and Kronos GW2-A1^- was performed, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) strategies were employed to identify ten sister lines (GW2-A1^-/SSIIa^-). Biochemical analyses revealed that the GW2-A1^-/SSIIa^- genotypes exhibited significantly higher amylose and resistant starch (5–10-fold) levels compared to Svevo and GW2-A1^- controls. Phenotypic analyses highlighted that GW2-A1^-/SSIIa^- lines showed a 50 % increase in hundred-grain weight (HGW) and improved grain size parameters compared to Svevo SSIIa^-, though these values remained lower than Svevo and Kronos GW2-A1^-. Yield per plot increased by 67 % compared to Svevo SSIIa^- but was 30–40 % lower than Svevo and Kronos GW2-A1^-. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of key starch biosynthesis genes (<em>Susy2</em>, <em>UGPase</em>) in GW2-A1^-/SSIIa^- lines, suggesting compensatory mechanisms for reduced starch content. Downregulation of <em>TPS7</em> indicated potential limitations in trehalose-6-phosphate biosynthesis, which may influence starch accumulation. This study demonstrates that combining <em>SSIIa</em> and <em>GW2-A1 null</em> mutations can mitigate yield losses associated with high-amylose genotypes while maintaining elevated levels of resistant starch and dietary fiber.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112459"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptochromes (CRYs) in pepper: Genome-wide identification, evolution and functional analysis of the negative role of CaCRY1 under Phytophthora capsici infection","authors":"Fei Sun ,&nbsp;Yue Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Luo ,&nbsp;Feng Yang ,&nbsp;Ting Yu ,&nbsp;Huibin Han ,&nbsp;Youxin Yang ,&nbsp;Yong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112460","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112460","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryptochromes (CRYs) are ultraviolet-A (UV-A) and blue light photoreceptors that perceive UV-A and blue light to mediate a range of physiological processes including disease response in plants. However, there has been no report about the roles of <em>CRY</em> genes in pepper, which often suffers from <em>Phytophthora</em> blight caused by <em>Phytophthora capsici</em>. In this work, three pepper <em>CRY</em> genes were identified and their characteristics were examined by bioinformatics analysis. CaCRY1 is an ortholog of AtCRY1 located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and expression analysis by RT-qPCR showed that its transcription was differentially regulated by jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), as well as by <em>P. capsici</em> infection (PCI). Overexpression of <em>CaCRY1</em> in pepper and <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> promoted the susceptibility of plants to PCI. Further virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) analysis showed that silencing of <em>CaCRY1</em> promoted the resistance of pepper plants to PCI with decreased disease index and transcripts of genes associated with SA biosynthesis. RNA-seq analysis showed that <em>CaCRY1</em> silencing affected many genes in stress-related metabolic pathways. In summary, our findings show that <em>CaCRY1</em> plays a negative role in the defense response of pepper to PCI, laying a foundation for studying the roles of <em>CRYs</em> in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112460"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maize SERRATE 1B positively regulates seed germinability under low-temperature","authors":"Qinghui Han ,&nbsp;Zan Ren ,&nbsp;Qingxiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou ,&nbsp;Minyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Junguang He ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Wang ,&nbsp;Guangwu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low temperature poses a significant threat to seedling emergence after maize sowing. While the impact of SERRATE (SE) on plant development via RNA processing has been extensively reported, its involvement in transcriptional regulation or the formation of low-temperature germination ability remains unclear. Our previous research revealed that <em>ZmSE1B</em> is located at the overlapping region of <em>qLTGR4-1</em> or <em>qLTPRL4-1</em>, which has been associated with low-temperature germination by QTL analysis using IBM Syn4 RIL population. In the present study, we observed that maize seeds overexpressing <em>ZmSE1B</em> exhibited enhanced germination percentages, longer roots, and longer shoots when subjected to low-temperature conditions compared to the wildtype. Through an integrated analysis of RNA-Seq and CUT&amp;Tag, we speculated that <em>ZmGRXCC17</em>, which encodes a GLUTAREDOXIN, may be upregulated by ZmSE1B in maize germinated seeds at low-temperature. Further, the regulation of ZmSE1B on transcription of <em>ZmGRXCC17</em> was validated using dual-luciferase reporter system and CUT&amp;Tag-qPCR. Finally, the positive effect of ZmGRXCC17 on low-temperature tolerance during seed germination was elucidated through its heterologous expression in rice. The results indicate that ZmSE1B enhances the seed germination ability under low temperature by regulating the transcription of <em>ZmGRXCC17</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Allelopathic inhibitory of thymol on Arabidopsis thaliana primary root growth is mediated by ABA signaling pathway","authors":"Liai Ma,&nbsp;Kai Yin,&nbsp;Wenhui Zhu,&nbsp;Yuanbo Wang,&nbsp;Lina Zhang,&nbsp;Ning Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abscisic acid (ABA) is a sesquiterpenoid phytohormone involved in controlling plant root growth and development. Thymol, a monoterpene allelochemical, showed a potent phytotoxic effect in plants. It can rapidly inhibit seed germination and seedling growth. In this study, we employed a combination of transcriptome sequencing and validation methods from plant genetics and physiology to investigate the allelopathic inhibitory effects of thymol on the primary roots of <em>Arabidopsis.</em> We found that thymol affected the growth of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> primary root in a dose-dependent manner, low concentration (10 μM) generally enhances, and high concentration (150 μM) inhibits. RNA sequencing analysis showed that a high concentration of thymol affected a series of biological processes and signaling transduction, including ABA biosynthesis, auxin polar transport, oxidative stress, root growth, and development. Exogenous ABA (10 μM) enhanced the inhibitory effect of thymol on the primary root and the application of the ABA biosynthesis inhibitor Na₂WO₄ rescued this inhibitory effect. During this process, the content and distribution of auxin in the roots were significantly altered. The lengths of primary root and meristem of mutant <em>abi1</em>, <em>abi2</em>, and <em>abi1 abi2,</em> showed that <em>ABI1</em> and <em>ABI2</em> positively regulate the process of thymol inhibition of root growth. In summary, the allelopathic inhibitory of thymol on <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> primary root growth is mediated by ABA signaling pathway.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifaceted Role of Selenium in Plant Physiology and Stress Resilience: A Review.","authors":"Abdullah, Kaiser Iqbal Wani, Kashif Hayat, M Naeem, Tariq Aftab","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Selenium (Se) is a naturally occurring element in both seleniferous and non-seleniferous soils. Plants absorb Se in a variety of ways, mainly as selenate (SeO₄^2-), selenite (SeO₃^2-), and organic compounds such as selenomethionine (SeMet). Selenium significantly impacts plant growth, development, and stress responses. It is a trace element that regulates many physiological and biochemical functions in plants, acts as an antioxidant, and increases plant resistance to abiotic stresses such as heavy metal toxicity, salinity, drought, and severe temperatures. Its beneficial effects depend on the dose and vary depending on the plant species and the environmental conditions. Several functions of Se have been thoroughly discussed in this review, with special attention given to the mechanisms of Se uptake, transport, accumulation, and metabolism. Plants use Se through its assimilation into amino acids (mostly selenocysteine and selenomethionine) and integration into proteins. These processes might have different effects depending on the Se concentration. Furthermore, Se has the potential to be a useful tool in sustainable agriculture, especially in regions where environmental stress is common. This is demonstrated by its ability to increase plant tolerance to various environmental stressors. Recent research shows that Se supplementation not only boosts plant resistance but also enhances secondary metabolite accumulation. Overall, this review concludes that Se plays a dual role in plant systems, acting as both a nutrient and a stress mitigator, and provides opportunities to optimize its use in sustainable agriculture by tailoring Se supplementation to maximize plant tolerance and productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":" ","pages":"112456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MdNAC2 enhances K+ deficiency stress tolerance by maintaining K+ homeostasis in apple","authors":"Jianyu Li ,&nbsp;Yaqi Cui ,&nbsp;Tianchao Wang ,&nbsp;Caihong Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhijuan Sun ,&nbsp;Qiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Changqing Ma ,&nbsp;Yi Lyu ,&nbsp;Yike Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for apple production, with its deficiency severely compromising yield and fruit quality. The development of K deficiency-resistant rootstocks represents an effective and promising approach to alleviating the adverse effects of K deficiency stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying apple resistance to K deficiency remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the transcription factor MdNAC2 as a critical regulator of apple tolerance to K deficiency through RNA-seq using <em>Malus hupehensis</em> as material. MdNAC2 enhanced apple tolerance to K deficiency by maintaining K⁺ homeostasis, primarily through directly suppressing the expression of the K⁺ efflux transporter <em>MdGORK1</em>. This regulatory mechanism reduces K⁺ efflux and stabilizes intracellular K⁺ levels under K deficiency stress. Collectively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of the MdNAC2-<em>MdGORK1</em>-K⁺ regulatory module in maintaining K⁺ and conferring apple resistance to K deficiency. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of K deficiency tolerance and establishes a theoretical foundation for breeding K deficiency-resistant apple rootstocks and cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The root-derived syringic acid and shoot-to-root phytohormone signaling pathways play a critical role in preventing apple scab disease","authors":"Pratibha Demiwal ,&nbsp;Parikshit Kumar Saini ,&nbsp;Mukund Kumar ,&nbsp;Partha Roy ,&nbsp;Mahendra Kumar Verma ,&nbsp;Javid Iqbal Mir ,&nbsp;Debabrata Sircar","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apple scab is a serious disease that has a huge economic impact. While some cultivars of apple are scab-resistant, most are not. Growing research has suggested that root-derived metabolites play a vital role in conferring resistance to aboveground pathogens through the long-distance signaling system between shoot and root. In this work, leaves of scab-resistant cultivar ‘Prima’ (PRM) and scab-susceptible cultivar 'Red Delicious' (RD) were challenged by <em>Venturia inaequalis</em>, and the resulting metabolic reprogramming in root tissues was monitored using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in time-course fashion. Metabolomics has revealed that scab fungus causes metabolic reprogramming in underground root tissue when above-ground parts (leaves) are infected. After scab infection in the above-ground leaf tissue, syringic acid is synthesized in the root tissue and transported from the root to the aerial part through vascular tissue. The increased level of reactive oxygen species and jasmonic acid (JA) across roots suggests a signaling pathway from infected leaves triggered by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). In this study, it was found that leaf infection with scab produces H₂O₂. In aerial parts infected with scab, H₂O₂ may act as a signaling molecule to trigger JA production. By travelling from the aerial part (shoot) to the root, H₂O₂ and JA act as long-distance signaling molecules, stimulating magnesium uptake, and eventually enhancing phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity. A metabolic reprogramming of the root tissue is initiated by H₂O₂, JA and PAL activity. Root metabolic reprograming results in the formation of syringic acid, which travels from the roots to the aerial part through vascular tissue and helps fight scab fungal infections. The present study demonstrated that scab infection in apple leaves is associated with long distance signaling from shoot to root, in which root-derived specialized metabolites make their way to aerial parts and confer resistance to scab.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112457"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143573654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}