Plant Science最新文献

{"title":"Overexpression of Rboh enhances inorganic carbon acquisition through coordinating with carbonic anhydrase in Pyropia yezoensis","authors":"Zhizhuo Shao ,&nbsp;Menglin Guo ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Wenhui Gu ,&nbsp;Xiujun Xie ,&nbsp;Guangce Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112497","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112497","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pyropia yezoensis</em> is an important intertidal economic macroalgae, which is periodically affected by various stresses, such as the limitation of inorganic carbon (C_i) deficiency. Under such environment, the redox homeostasis within the cells of <em>P. yezoensis</em> is seriously affected, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) signal transduction system would be activated to regulate the photosynthetic activity. Therefore, how <em>P. yezoensis</em> manage ROS to maintain effective photosynthetic carbon fixation has aroused great interest. Here, we characterize transformants overexpressing respiratory burst oxidase homolog (<em>Rboh</em>), an important gene that can actively produce ROS, at the levels of cellular physiology, biochemistry, and transcriptomics. Our data indicated the expression of <em>Rboh</em> significantly increased, accompanied by a significant upregulated expression of alpha-type carbonic anhydrase 3 (α<em>CA3</em>) and increased extracellular carbonic anhydrase activity in the <em>Rboh</em> overexpressing strains. Interestingly, compared with the wild type, the photosynthetic activity of transgenic strains was significantly higher under the low C_i and high light condition, implying that the ROS signal triggered by overexpression of <em>Rboh</em> was involved in regulating the C_i absorption and utilization in <em>P. yezoensis</em> when the C_i source was limited. In summary, this study provided evidence supporting the correlation between the ROS production and the Ci utilization under stress environments in <em>P. yezoensis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrus pyrifolia WRKY31 activates the ribosomal protein gene RPL12 to confer black spot resistance","authors":"Xiangyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Caihua Xing ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang ,&nbsp;Likun Lin ,&nbsp;Keke Zhao ,&nbsp;Huizhen Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaosan Huang ,&nbsp;Shaoling Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ribosomal proteins (RPs) are essential for genetic transcription and translation, playing a key role in plant growth, development, and stress responses, including disease resistance. However, the function and transcriptional regulation of RPL12 remain poorly understood. Investigating the gene function and the transcription factors that govern its expression is crucial to understanding its mechanism. In this study, a novel transcription factor gene, <em>PpWRKY31</em>, was isolated from <em>Pyrus pyrifolia</em>. The PpWRKY31 protein is expressed in the nucleus and belongs to Group IIb WRKY transcription factors. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that its expression was upregulated under the treatment of <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, as well as to exogenous hormonal treatments. Using yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assay, dual-luciferase eporter assay, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), we demonstrated that PpWRKY31 can bind to the W-box element in the promoter region of <em>PpRPL12</em>. Overexpression of either <em>PpWRKY31</em> or <em>PpRPL12</em> enhanced the resistance of both pear and <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> plants to black spot disease, evidenced by reduced lesion size and increased activity of defense enzyme. Conversely, silencing of <em>PpWRKY31</em> or <em>PpRPL12</em> markedly diminished the resistance of pear to black spot disease. <em>PpWRKY31</em> overexpression was observed to notably enhance the expression of <em>PpRPL12</em> and genes associated with salicylic acid, inducing changes in the activity of enzymes related to the phenylpropanoid pathway, such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL). In conclusion, this study elucidates a novel PpWRKY31-PpRPL12 signaling pathway that enhances resistance to pear black spot disease, providing insights into the regulatory networks underpinning plant defense responses.</div></div><div><h3>Core</h3><div>Pear black spot disease, caused by <em>Alternaria alternata,</em> seriously affects fruit quality and yield. We identified that <em>PpWRKY31</em> transgenic calli responded to <em>Alternaria alternata</em> in pear. PpWRKY31 binds to the W-box <em>cis</em>-element of the <em>PpRPL12</em> promoter, upregulating the expression of <em>PpRPL12</em>. The PpWRKY31-PpRPL12 regulatory module indirectly influences the downstream salicylic acid and phenylpropanoid pathways, ultimately enhancing the pear's black spot resistance.</div></div><div><h3>Gene and accession numbers</h3><div>The sequence information used in this study is available in the Pear Genome Database (<span><span>http://peargenome.njau.edu.cn/</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database, and The Arabidopsis Information Resource, see Table S2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcription factor CsNAC25 mediating dual roles in tea plant secondary cell wall formation and trichome development","authors":"Kangli Peng ,&nbsp;Guoxiang Xiao ,&nbsp;Yin Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaozhen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trichomes are a key feature of tea plants (<em>Camellia sinensis</em> L.) and essential for tea flavor compound formation, but their developmental mechanisms are still unclear. This study identified a transcription factor, <em>CsNAC25</em>, which positively regulates trichome formation in the ‘Qiancha 1’ tea plant cultivar. Phylogenetic analysis showed that <em>CsNAC25</em> shares the highest homology with <em>Arabidopsis XND1</em>, and in situ hybridization revealed its specific expression in xylem cells and in trichomes of tea plant. Overexpression of <em>CsNAC25</em> significantly inhibited xylem cell differentiation, reduced lignin and cellulose content, and led to a marked increase in trichome density. Conversely, using virus-induced gene silencing to silence <em>CsNAC25</em> in tea plants resulted in reduced trichome density and elevated lignin content. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression of key phenylpropanoid pathway genes, such as <em>NtPAL2</em>, <em>Nt4CL1</em>, <em>NtCAD1</em>, and <em>NtCCR1</em>, was significantly reduced in the overexpression lines. Conversely, in the <em>CsNAC25</em>-silenced tea cuttings, the expression of <em>CsPAL1</em>, <em>Cs4CL2</em>, <em>CsCAD1</em>, and <em>CsCCR1</em> was drastically increased. Moreover, the expression of <em>CsMYB1</em>, a positive regulator of trichome development, was significantly decreased in the <em>CsNAC25</em>-silenced lines. Further yeast one-hybrid and dual luciferase assays showed that <em>CsNAC25</em> binds to the <em>CsCCR1</em> promoter and represses its expression, suggesting that <em>CsNAC25</em> regulates trichome development possibly by modulating <em>CsCCR1</em> and impacting resource allocation within the phenylpropanoid metabolic network. In summary, our findings indicate that <em>CsNAC25</em> in tea plants plays a dual role in regulating the secondary cell wall formation and trichome development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of grapevine BASIC PENTACYSTEINE transcription factors and functional characterization of VvBPC1 in ovule development","authors":"Songlin Zhang ,&nbsp;Haixia Zhong ,&nbsp;Fuchun Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinling Zheng ,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Vivek Yadav ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhou ,&nbsp;Steve van Nocker ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wu ,&nbsp;Xiping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seedless grapes are gaining increasingly attention in the market because of their desirable traits. Therefore, understanding the molecular genetic regulation of seed development and abortion is crucial for the advancement of seedless cultivars. Recent studies have shown that <em><em>AGAMOUS-LIKE11</em></em> (<em><em>VvAGL11</em></em>), an ortholog of <em><em>Arabidopsis SEEDSTICK</em></em> (<em>STK</em>), plays a key role in grape ovule development, and amino acid substitution mutations result in seed abortion. However, the regulatory pathways involved in this process are poorly understood in grapevines. In this study, we identified four <em><em>BASIC PENTACYSTEINE</em></em> (<em><em>BPC</em></em>) genes in the grapevine (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L) genome and analyzed their evolutionary relationships, subcellular localization, and expression patterns. <em><em>VvBPC1</em></em> was identified as an upstream regulatory factor of <em><em>VvAGL11</em></em> in a yeast one-hybrid assay. Dual-luciferase assays confirmed that <em><em>VvAGL11</em></em> is negatively regulated by <em><em>VvBPC1,</em></em> and the production of small seeds by heterologous overexpression of <em><em>VvBPC1</em></em> in tomatoes results from the suppression of <em><em>VvAGL11</em></em> expression. Furthermore, assays in yeast cells demonstrated that VvBPC1 interacts with VvBELL1. Taken together, this study not only establishes the foundation for further exploration of the molecular mechanisms of the <em><em>VvBPC1-VvBELL1-VvAGL11</em></em> module in regulating grape seed development but also provides new insights into the genetic improvement of seedless grapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The cell death-inducing protein BcPlp1 from Botrytis cinerea contributes to pathogenicity and modulates plant resistance","authors":"Xiaofei Nie ,&nbsp;Ziyao Wang ,&nbsp;Binbin Huang ,&nbsp;Qiongnan Gu ,&nbsp;Ran Xu ,&nbsp;Shuang Yu ,&nbsp;Chao Xiong ,&nbsp;Zhiguo Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Kai Bi ,&nbsp;Wenjun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Botrytis cinerea</em> is a necrotrophic plant pathogen fungus with a broad host range, causing grey mould and rot diseases in many important crops, leading to significant economic losses in agriculture. Cell death-inducing proteins (CDIPs) secreted by necrotrophic phytopathogens promote plant tissue death and play important roles in infection. However, the mechanisms by which CDIPs induce cell death in <em>B. cinerea</em>-plants interactions remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the <em>B. cinerea</em> CDIP BcPlp1 is secreted into the plant apoplast where it induces cell death. BcPlp1 is a cysteine-rich protein, and four out of the 8 cysteine residues and a conserved N-terminal α-helix structure are essential for its cell death-inducing activity. A purified GST-tagged BcPlp1 fusion protein triggered cell death in multiple plant species, up-regulated expression of defense-related genes and enhanced plant resistance to <em>B. cinerea</em>. Additionally, the cell death-inducing activity of BcPlp1 was mediated by leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinases BAK1 and SOBIR1. Furthermore, <em>BcPlp1</em> was not necessary for colony morphology, conidial production, growth rate, and stress tolerance. Although deletion of <em>BcPlp1</em> did not affect virulence, its overexpression led to larger disease lesion, highlighting its contribution to <em>B. cinerea</em> pathogenicity when upregulated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The overexpression of DgPR1 enhances chrysanthemum cold tolerance through the ROS-mediated pathway","authors":"Yuchen Tian ,&nbsp;Yan Feng ,&nbsp;Yongyan Wang,&nbsp;Qingwu Deng,&nbsp;Xuanling Luo,&nbsp;Fan Zhang,&nbsp;Lei Zhang,&nbsp;Beibei Jiang,&nbsp;Qinglin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold stress affects the quality and yield of chrysanthemums and hinders the development of the chrysanthemum industry. PR-1, the first pathogenesis-related (PR) protein identified, is crucial in bolstering plant defenses by modulating responses to biotic and abiotic environmental pressures. Nevertheless, the precise contribution of PR-1 to chrysanthemum's resistance to cold stress is still not well defined. In the present study, a PR-1-like protein, <em>DgPR1</em>, was isolated from chrysanthemums. According to RT-qPCR analysis, <em>DgPR1</em> expression was significantly elevated in the stems compared to the roots and leaves, with a notable upregulation observed under cold stress. Both CRISPR/Cas9-facilitated gene editing and overexpression of <em>DgPR1</em> have demonstrated its beneficial effect on regulating cold-stress resistance in chrysanthemums. Overexpression of <em>DgPR1</em> in transgenic chrysanthemums enhanced cold tolerance, as evidenced by increased survival rates, reduced symptoms of low-temperature injury, and levels of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide anion (O₂^-) and relative electrolyte conductivity (REC). The ROS-scavenger enzyme-activity assay showed that <em>DgPR1</em> enhanced peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity in chrysanthemums under cold stress. Additionally, the expression of <em>DgPOD</em> was higher in the overexpressing lines under cold stress compared to both the wild-type (WT) and the mutant <em>dgpr1</em>. Collectively, these findings indicate that <em>DgPR1</em> contributes positively to improving cold stress tolerance in chrysanthemums.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the complex roles of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) in plant signal transduction","authors":"Ting Tang ,&nbsp;Ferdinand Ndikuryayo ,&nbsp;Xue-Yan Gong ,&nbsp;Elaheh Amirinezhadfard ,&nbsp;Mehtab Muhammad Aslam ,&nbsp;Mo-Xian Chen ,&nbsp;Wen-Chao Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leucine-rich repeat receptor kinases (LRR-RKs) are essential receptor protein kinases in plants that are the key to signal perception and responses and central to regulating plant growth, development, and defense. Despite extensive research on the LRR-RK family, gaps persist in our understanding of their ligand recognition and activation mechanisms, interactions with co-receptor, signal transduction pathways, and biochemical and molecular regulation. Researchers have made significant advances in understanding the critical roles of LRR-RKs in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and stress responses. Here, we first summarized the gene expression levels of LRR-RKs in plants. We then reviewed the conservation and evolutionary relationships of these genes across different species. We also investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the variations in LRR-RK signaling under different environmental conditions. Finally, we provide a comprehensive summary of how abiotic and biotic stresses modulate LRR-RK signaling pathways in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VAP27-1 interacts with KCS6 and CER2 to facilitate the biosynthesis of very- long-chain fatty acids","authors":"Haiyan Wang ,&nbsp;Yifan Li ,&nbsp;Qinyao Wang ,&nbsp;Mengxia Wu ,&nbsp;Ruiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xinran Han ,&nbsp;Lin Liu ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Chunmei Shi ,&nbsp;Linlin Zhong ,&nbsp;Hongyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunjiang Cheng ,&nbsp;Pengwei Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cuticular wax is primarily composed of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) and their derivatives. It forms a critical hydrophobic layer on plant surfaces, acting as a protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stress. The biosynthesis of VLCFAs and their derivative wax occurs in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is subsequently transported to the plant surface. While substantial research has focused on cuticular wax biosynthesis enzymes and their transcriptional regulation, the mechanisms by which these enzymes are modulated by proteins within cytosol organelles remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified that β-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 6 (KCS6), an ER-localized rate-limiting enzyme in VLCFAs biosynthesis, also localized at ER-plasma membrane contact sites (EPCS). We further demonstrated that KCS6 and its cofactor ECERIFERUM 2 (CER2) interact with vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein 27–1 (VAP27–1), a key regulator of EPCS formation and stabilization. Overexpression of <em>VAP27–1</em> in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> resulted in a significant increase in almost all cuticular wax components compared to WT. Additionally, firefly luciferase complementation imaging assays (LCI) and yeast heterologous expression analysis revealed that VAP27–1 strengthens the interaction between the KCS6-CER2 complex, resulting in increased accumulation of VLCFAs. In conclusion, this study emphasized the critical role of VAP27–1 in regulating the biosynthesis of cuticular wax mediated by KCS6-CER2, providing new insights into the fine-tuning mechanisms of cuticular wax biosynthesis within the ER. Furthermore, the identification of VAP27–1 as a novel modulator of VLCFA synthases offers a potential target for enhancing plant resilience to environmental stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"355 ","pages":"Article 112489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143767965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadening the Nicotiana benthamiana research toolbox through the generation of dicer-like mutants using CRISPR/Cas9 approaches","authors":"Eirini Bardani ,&nbsp;Konstantina Katsarou ,&nbsp;Eleni Mitta ,&nbsp;Christos Andronis ,&nbsp;Marie Štefková ,&nbsp;Michael Wassenegger ,&nbsp;Kriton Kalantidis","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RNA silencing in plants plays a pivotal role in various biological processes, including development, epigenetic modifications and stress response. Key components of this network are Dicer-like (DCL) proteins. <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> encodes four DCLs, each responsible for the generation of distinct small RNA (sRNA) populations, which regulate different functions. However, elucidating the precise role of each DCL has been proven challenging, as overlapping functions exist within DCLs. In our present study, we have successfully generated <em>dcl2</em>, <em>dcl3</em> and <em>dcl4</em> homozygous mutants, employing two different CRISPR/Cas9 approaches. The first approach is based on a transgene-mediated delivery of the single-guide RNA (sgRNA), while the second approach employs a viral vector for sgRNA delivery. By utilizing a suite of screening techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), T7 endonuclease I (T7E1) assay, high-resolution melt analysis (HRMA) and DNA sequencing, we successfully generated <em>dcl2</em>, <em>dcl3</em> and <em>dcl4</em> homozygous mutants harboring identical mutations in every allele. To evaluate these <em>dcl</em> mutants, we examined their sRNA profiles and phenotypes. We further have indications that homozygous mutations of a gene do not always lead to the desired loss-of-function, highlighting the importance of mutant evaluation. <em>dcl</em> mutants represent invaluable tools to explore how overlapping silencing pathways are connected to essential plant functions, including development, stress responses and pathogen defense. Additionally, they hold potential for biotechnological applications, such as crop improvement and gene silencing tools. We anticipate that our study will make significant contributions to enhance understanding of the role of DCLs in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the regulation of E3 ubiquitin ligase APC3 and its interacting proteins on the tetraspore formation and release in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)","authors":"Qiong Wu ,&nbsp;Jingyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Min Jiang ,&nbsp;Jingru Yin ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Chen ,&nbsp;Zhenghong Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.plantsci.2025.112488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>E3 ubiquitin ligases play significant roles in development of high plants and animals. We recently found that E3 ubiquitin ligase APC3, the subunit of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome, was involved in tetraspore formation and release in <em>Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis</em>, an economically important red alga. <em>GlAPC3</em> showed opposite expression pattern in low-fertility cultivar 981 and high-fertility strain WLP during the process of tetraspore formation and release, up-regulated in 981 and down-regulated in WLP. Five proteins related to chromosome segregation, SMC3, NUF2, APC2, APC8 and APC10, were detected to interact with APC3, which were all located in the nucleus. NUF2 and CDC20 were the substrates of APC3, combined with Lysine-11, Lysine-48 and Lysine-63 of ubiquitin chains containing two or four ubiquitin. The key amino acids for ubiquitination of APC3 covered 474th Aspartate, 502nd tyrosine and 506th leucine, any mutation of which resulted in a loss of ubiquitination. During the process of tetraspore formation and release, <em>SMC3</em> was significantly up-regulated only in 981, low number of tetraspore release. <em>NUF2</em> and <em>APC2</em> were significantly down-regulated only in WLP, with high frequency and large amount of tetraspores release. The data provided that APC3, SMC3 and NUF2 might be the key gene affecting the fertility of <em>Gp. lemaneiformis.</em> The study helps to explore the regulation mechanism of APC3 with SMC3 and NUF2 by the process of chromatids segregation in regulating tetraspore formation and release of <em>Gp. lemaneiformis</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20273,"journal":{"name":"Plant Science","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 112488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}