Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Fusarium cross-infection in medicinal herbs alters rhizosphere microbiomes and disrupts mycorrhizal functions under soil physicochemical imbalances","authors":"Andéole Niyongabo Turatsinze, Xiaofan Xie, Ailing Ye, Gaofeng Chen, Yun Wang, Liang Yue, Qin Zhou, Lingling Wu, Meilan Zhang, Zongyu Zhang, Jiecai Zhao, Yuexia Sha, Yubao Zhang, Ruoyu Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07504-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07504-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Fusarium root rot and wilt affect medicinal herbs in Gansu Province, China, despite extended crop rotations. This study investigated the cross-pathogenicity of <i>Fusarium</i> species isolated from <i>Angelica sinensis</i> (Danggui), <i>Codonopsis pilosula</i> (Dangshen), and <i>Astragalus mongholicus</i> (Huangqi).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Of 83 fungal isolates recovered, 69.8% were identified as <i>Fusarium</i> spp., through ITS, TEF1-α, and RPB2 sequencing, clustering into <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (FOSC, 36.2%), <i>Fusarium solani</i> (FSSC, 31%), and <i>Fusarium tricinctum</i> (FTSC, 22.4%) species complexes. Representative strains (<i>F. oxysporum</i> DSH27, <i>F. solani</i> HQ123, <i>F. tricinctum</i> DG105) were tested for cross-pathogenicity in greenhouse and field trials. Rhizosphere microbial dynamics, including fungal and bacterial community diversity, functional guilds, and soil physicochemical properties, were analyzed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>Fusarium</i> strains exhibited varying aggressiveness, highest on original hosts, while cross-infective hosts showed less to moderate severity. Infections disrupted rhizosphere networks, increasing pathotrophic dominance over arbuscular mycorrhizal functions. Sequencing showed reduced fungal and bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs), with distinct clustering of infected vs. non-infected rhizospheres. Pathogenic fungal genera <i>Fusarium</i> positively correlated with disease incidence, while beneficial fungal genera <i>Mortierella</i> and bacterial genera <i>RB41</i> showed negative correlations. Infected soils exhibited significant changes in total carbon, available phosphorus, manganese, and zinc, correlating with microbial dynamics and disease severity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study links Fusarium cross-infection with rhizosphere microbial network disruptions, including the loss of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) functions under altered soil physicochemical conditions in medicinal herbs. These findings uncover the systematic cross-pathogenicity of <i>Fusarium</i> species, highlighting the need for AMF-based strategies and integrated soil management to mitigate its impact.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of split application of nitrogen combined with chitooligosaccharide on lodging in rice","authors":"Shuai Yuan, Yuting Su, Pingping Chen, Naimei Tu, Wenxin Zhou, Zhenxie Yi","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07508-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07508-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Lodging is one of the main factors that reduces rice yields. The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer at an appropriate ratio and plant growth regulators (PGR) can affect the relationship between stem lodging and yield.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a 2-year field experiment with three different N fertilizer ratios (N1, decreased panicle N rate; N2, medium panicle N rate; N3, increased panicle N rate) and two PGR (P1, paclobutrazol; P2, chitooligosaccharide) and a control (water).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared with the control, both PGR significantly improved the lodging resistance and yield of rice. The pushing resistances force (PRF) of the rice stem in the P1 and P2 treatments was increased by 3.06%–19.76% and 25.26%–58.68%, respectively, and the LI was decreased by 17.74%–39.29% and 20.62%–35.05%, respectively. Morphological analyses showed that the P2 treatment increased the internode diameter and stem wall thickness of the third and fourth internodes. The P1 treatment reduced the height of gravity center and the internode length. Chemical analyses showed that both PGR increased the weight of stems, promoted the accumulation of N, P, and K in stems, and increased the contents of lignin and cellulose. Regardless of the PGR treatment, the N2 treatment significantly improved the morphological characteristics and physiological functions of the stem, resulting in increased lodging resistance and yields.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Together, our results show that foliar spraying with chitooligosaccharide combined with appropriate fertilizer management can be developed as an effective agronomic strategy to increase the lodging resistance and yields of double-cropping rice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Straw return significantly enhances wheat yield in higher precipitation environment by promoting larger root diameters, wider xylem channels, and thinner root cortex","authors":"Xiaofei Wei, Kexin He, Bao-Luo Ma, Sha Guo, Chengcheng Feng, Chenyang Liu, Yongqing Ma, Pufang Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07509-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07509-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Straw return is one of the effective methods to enhance soil structure, regulate soil moisture and thus promote root growth and development. However, it remains unclear how returning straw to the field affects wheat grain yield through root morphology and anatomy under different precipitation conditions, especially as research on root anatomy is relatively scarce. This study explored the regulatory mechanisms of straw return on wheat yield by analyzing the morphology, distribution and anatomical structure of wheat roots under different precipitation conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A field experiment with straw return (S1) and straw removal (S0) was conducted under three precipitation (P) conditions: (1) an increase of 1/3 (P +), (2) normal (P) and (3) a decrease of 1/3 (P-).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that straw return only under P + and P precipitation conditions reduced the soil bulk density and enhanced the soil moisture. The optimized soil properties of the straw treatment promoted deep root growth and root anatomical structure, leading to significant increases in root biomass, root surface area, root length density, root volume, root diameter and root cortex thickness under both P + and P conditions. Grain yield and aboveground biomass of the straw return treatment increased by 7.8% and 15.1% under P + conditions, and by 7.3% and 13.5% under P conditions, respectively throughout the two growing seasons.</p><p>These results are attributed to the progress of root system and root anatomical structure in the lower soil, which absorbs and transports more soil water.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings demonstrated that increased precipitation ensured grain and biomass production, while also enhancing the benefits of incorporating straw into the fields. </p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metagenomics reveals the effects of long-term greenhouse vegetable cultivation on soil microbial communities and carbon cycle functions","authors":"Xiaoyu Zhang, Yan Yin, Liyu Du, Fengming Xi, Jiaoyue Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07511-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07511-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil microbial community structure and diversity are critical for maintaining the health of soil ecosystems. However, how soil microbes regulate the soil carbon cycle under long-term greenhouse cultivation remains unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We used macro-genomics to analyze changes in microbial community structure and diversity as well as carbon cycle-related functional genes in a long-term greenhouse-grown soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Long-term greenhouse cultivation significantly altered soil microbial community structure, manifested by decreased bacterial diversity and increased fungal diversity. The rTCA cycle served as the dominant carbon fixation pathway, with microbial carbon fixation capacity markedly reduced during the initial greenhouse phase but gradually restored as cultivation duration extended. Prolonged greenhouse practices elevated the abundance of degradation genes for labile carbon (i.e. starch) while suppressing those for recalcitrant carbon (i.e. cellulose and lignin). Soil pH is the primary driver of changes in microbial community structure and shifts in carbon cycling functional genes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Long-term greenhouse cultivation reshaped the microbial community structure by altering soil properties, thereby driving adaptive shifts in microbial carbon cycling functions. The findings provide new insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying soil carbon cycling in long-term greenhouse vegetable cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The synergistic strategy of leaf nitrogen conservation and root nitrogen acquisition in an alpine coniferous forest along an elevation gradient","authors":"Han Yang, Peipei Zhang, Guangru Wang, Qitong Wang, Dungang Wang, Ruihong Wang, Xinjun Zhang, Huajun Yin","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07514-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07514-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Plant nitrogen (N) economics are largely determined by above-ground leaf conservation and below-ground root acquisition. Yet, how plants coordinate these two pathways under natural environmental gradients remains largely unknown.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here, we investigated the coordination between leaf N conservation and root N acquisition strategies by analyzing leaf N fractions and resorption, root traits corresponding to nutrient acquisition, and environmental factors along an elevation gradient in an alpine coniferous forest (<i>Abies georgei</i> Orr). </p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results found a synergistic relationship between above-ground N conservation and below-ground N acquisition, driven by elevation-related variations in air temperature and soil N availability. Specifically, we found a decline in N conservation with increasing elevation, manifested by decreased N resorption efficiency and greater N allocation to structural construction. This decrease in N conservation coincided with a transition in root strategies from N conservation with denser roots and higher N mining to faster N acquisition characterized by high root N contents but diminished N mining as elevation rises.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our results highlight the tight coupling between above- and below-ground nutrient conservation and acquisition across the complex environmental gradient, enhancing our understanding of plant strategy response to environmental change from a whole-plant perspective. </p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing phosphorus limitation with tree age in tropical forests","authors":"Nan Hu, Qinggong Mao, Liang Zheng, Xibin Sun, Yixue Hong, Yi Yang, Jiarong Chen, Hao Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07521-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07521-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Phosphorus (P) availability commonly limits the growth of tropical plants, yet how this limitation changes with tree age remains uncertain.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here we investigated the effect of tree age on P limitation in a tropical forest by examining three functional plant groups: fast-growing, slow-growing, and nitrogen (N)-fixing tree species. We measured leaf N and P resorption efficiency (NRE and PRE), and used the PRE:NRE ratio as an indicator of plant P limitation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results revealed a significant increase in both PRE and PRE:NRE with tree age across all functional plant groups, indicating a widespread intensification of P limitation as plants mature. Furthermore, this increase in P limitation was more pronounced in slow-growing and N-fixing species compared to fast-growing species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings underscore the crucial role of tree age in influencing P limitation in tropical forests, a factor that should be incorporated into terrestrial biogeochemical models, which have traditionally overlooked this effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate and shrubs at different scales jointly drive the changing pattern of moss crust soil multifunctionality in a temperate desert","authors":"Qing Zhang, Shujun Zhang, Yunjie Huang, Xiaobing Zhou, Yongxin Zang, Weiwei Zhuang, Jin Chen, Ruilin Chen, Benfeng Yin, Yuanming Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07503-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07503-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>In desert ecosystems, moss crusts, along with shrubs, often form mosaic spatial patterns. However, it is unclear how microhabitats formed by shrubs and the regional climate will affect soil multifunctionality (i.e., the capacity of soils to conduct multiple functions such as carbon sequestration and nutrient conversion; SMF) and what the key factors influencing it are.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Moss crust soils were collected from under shrubs canopy and in exposed areas along a climatic gradient in the Gurbantungut Desert. We carefully analyzed the variation patterns of the moss crust SMF across different scales by measuring soil nutrients and enzyme activities. Meanwhile, we explored the carbon-related SMF(C-SMF), nitrogen-related SMF(N-SMF), and phosphorus-related SMF(P-SMF).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>At the microhabitat scale, shrubs increased the C-SMF, N-SMF, and SMF of moss crusts. Meanwhile, at the regional scale, with increases in precipitation or decreases in temperature, the C-SMF, N-SMF, P-SMF, and SMF of moss crusts under shrubs showed a decreasing trend, whereas the change in exposed areas was smoother. Decreases in precipitation had a positive effect on SMF and enhanced the “shrub effect”. Hierarchical partitioning analysis showed that climate was relatively more important for moss crust SMF, accounting for 68.10% of the total contribution rate, while the effect of shrub accounted for 19.40%.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>There are close relationships between climatic factors, shrubs, and moss crust SMFs, and it is important to consider driving factors at different scales simultaneously when exploring the mechanisms of changes in ecosystem functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wheat growth and phosphorus uptake from polyculture algal biofilms are synergistically modulated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Serendipita vermifera","authors":"Xinyu Gan, Jennifer Janus, Sabine Willbold, Vitalij Dombinov, Arnd J. Kuhn, Wulf Amelung, Diana Reinecke, Dean Calahan, Ladislav Nedbal, Holger Klose, Silvia D. Schrey","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07493-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07493-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Phosphorus (P) from surface waters can be captured in algal biomass, which can be used as a fertilizer. We investigated the efficiency of polyculture algal biofilms produced on municipal wastewater effluent as a P fertilizer for wheat. We asked whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the beneficial root endophyte <i>Serendipita vermifera</i> influence plant performance and P uptake.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Two pot experiments were performed with wheat fertilized with algal biofilms or highly available triple superphosphate (TSP) at a rate of 37 mg P kg⁻¹, corresponding to 56.8 kg ha⁻¹. In the second experiment, plants were inoculated with AMF (<i>Rhizoglomus irregulare, Funneliformis mosseae, F. geosporum), S. vermifera</i>, or both. P species contained in the algal biofilm and P release dynamics were analyzed by liquid-state ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and leachate analyses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Algal biofilms contained high levels of orthophosphate with low water solubility. P recovery by wheat was lower than from TSP, as indicated by plant total dry matter and total P. In algae-fertilized wheat, AMF reduced growth but not P uptake, while <i>S. vermifera</i> in dual inoculation with AMF mitigated the adverse effects. <i>S. vermifera</i> significantly increased root growth and P content in roots when co-inoculated with AMF.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Polyculture algal biomass is an effective, less leaching-prone organic P source for wheat. The synergistic effect of <i>S. vermifera</i> as a root growth-promoting fungus in its interaction with AMF shows the potential and relevance of microbial involvement in using algae-based fertilizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fulvic acid on aggregate characteristics and humus composition in saline-alkali soil","authors":"Rui Cai, Yaru Guo, Yanjie Li, Ling Li, Susu Xu, Ping Gong, Pengfei Li, Hongguang Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07443-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07443-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Organic amendments rich in fulvic acid (FA) offer a way to improve the water and salt distribution in saline-alkali soils and enhance soil quality. As soil humus promotes the formation of soil aggregates and improves soil quality, exploring the effects of FA on saline-alkali soil aggregates and humification is significant to understand the potential of fulvic acid in improving soil quality.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study examines severely saline-alkali cotton fields in Xinjiang through a two-year field experiment (2021–2022) using five FA application rates (0, 150, 300, 450, and 600 kg·ha⁻¹) and evaluates their effects on soil structure and humus fractions through structural equation modeling (SEM).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>FA application increased soil moisture by 6.16–18.64% and decreased salt content and pH by 4.07–20.87% and 0.57–1.90%, respectively, compared to standard fertilization. The application of FA improved soil aggregate stability, with optimization positively correlated to the amount applied. The soil humus components rose by 5.24–60.49%, and humification improved by 6.97–20.08%. Among them, the 600 kg·ha⁻¹ application rate yielded the most significant effects Additionally, SEM revealed that soil physical and chemical properties (path coefficient = 0.436, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and humus components (path coefficient = 0.442, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) in saline-alkali cotton fields had a direct positive impact on soil humification. Additionally, soil aggregates indirectly enhanced humification by influencing humus content and soil properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>FA-mediated stabilization of soil aggregates, along with salt inhibition and improved soil moisture retention, enhances saline-alkali soil structure and accelerates humification. Therefore, the results provide technical and theoretical support for reducing nutrient loss and promoting sustainable management of saline-alkali soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Total aluminum reduced but aluminum hydroxide increased in red soil of southern China after long-term swine manure amendment","authors":"Haihua Qiu, Shilin Wen, Lu Zhang, Minggang Xu, Zejiang Cai","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07492-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07492-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Swine manure as an alternative amendment has proven to effectively alleviate red soil acidification, but the mechanisms are not fully understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A 32-year field experiment was selected to investigate the effectiveness of swine manure amendment on red soil aluminum species, and their contribution to acidification and maize yields. The treatments included no fertilization (control), chemical nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK), NPK with straw return (NPKS), NPK combined with swine manure (NPKM), and swine manure only (M).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>As compared to control, soil total aluminum (Al_t) decreased by 10.12 and 21.15 g kg⁻¹ under NPKM and M, respectively, while mineral aluminum (Al_min) and iron oxide-bound aluminum (Al_DCB) decreased by 5.36—20.12 g kg⁻¹ and 674.77—772.98 mg kg⁻¹ under NPKS, NPKM and M treatments. Aluminum hydroxide (Al_oh) increased by 158.02 and 330.16 mg kg⁻¹ under NPKM and M treatments, but decreased 101.00 mg kg⁻¹ under NPK treatment. Exchangeable aluminum (Al_ex) increased by 702.71 and 624.95 mg kg⁻¹ under NPK and NPKS treatments, respectively. The correlation analysis showed that maize yields were positively affected by soil pH and Al_oh, but negatively correlated with Al_ex (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Furthermore, Al_ex was negatively correlated with soil pH, exchangeable calcium (Ex.Ca²⁺) and Al_oh. The Al_oh was positively correlated with soil pH, Ex.Ca²⁺, soil organic matter fractions, dissolved organic matter component 1 and component 2.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This research indicates that long-term swine manure amendment reduced total aluminum but increased aluminum hydroxide in surface soil, which played an important role in preventing red soil acidification and sustaining maize yields.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}