Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Calcium forms influence soil organic carbon by mediating labile organic carbon fractions, carbon pool management indices and microbial communities in calcareous alkaline soils","authors":"Xiaolu Dou, Congzhi Zhang, Lin Chen, Qicong Wu, Guixiang Zhou, Donghao Ma, Zhanhui Zhao, Jiabao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07115-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07115-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil carbon (C) pools influence the global C balance of terrestrial ecosystems. Calcium (Ca) affects soil organic carbon (SOC) by mediating organic-mineral interactions. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the relationships among Ca forms, labile organic carbon (OC) fractions, carbon pool management indices and microbial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We selected three soils with different calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) contents: black soil (4.29 g.kg⁻¹), fluvo-aquic soil (94.86 g.kg⁻¹) and loessial soil (133.87 g.kg⁻¹). We measured different Ca forms, microbial communities and labile OC fractions while calculating the soil carbon pool management indices.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results revealed a significant increase in major Ca forms and a significant decrease (<i>P &lt;</i> 0.05) in labile OC fractions as well as carbon pool management indices in fluvo-aquic soil and loessial soil. The bacterial community diversity decreased, and the dominant bacteria and fungi shifted from oligotrophs to copiotrophs. Ca forms were significantly negatively (<i>P &lt;</i> 0.05) correlated with the labile OC fraction and carbon pool management index (CPMI), and the bacterial community structure was closely related to bound to organic-Ca. Bacteria played a dominant role, and the symbiotic network robustness and complexity of the network modules were greater for bacteria than for fungi in calcareous alkaline soils.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The results suggested the existence of interactions between Ca forms, labile OC fractions, the CPMI and microbial communities in calcareous alkaline soils. Ca affects the labile OC fractions, which act on the CPMI and change the community composition of microbial (bacterial communities), influencing the SOC content.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two ecological rules behind randomness in microbiome associated with pepper (Capsicum annuum) root","authors":"Yingjie Liu, Yuelin Zhu, Ji Li, Yuquan Wei, Guo-chun Ding","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07122-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07122-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The plant root exhibits significant heterogeneity, which deeply affects the associated microbial communities, but the spatial heterogeneity of microbiome associated with root is often overlooked.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using the mini-rhizobox approach, 16S <i>rRNA</i> profiling and bioinformatics analyses, we analyzed an extensive dataset of 2,185 samples to decipher the mechanisms governing the assembly of the bacterial community associated with pepper roots.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results revealed high spatial variability in bacterial communities of individual pepper root. Stochastic processes were identified as the primary drivers of bacterial community assembly at adjacent points, particularly in secondary roots, whereas deterministic processes exerted more influence in main roots and their junctions with secondary roots. Correspondingly, only 22.3% of commonly occurring ASVs followed skewed Gaussian distributions along root depth. These findings highlight randomness in bacterial community along roots. Nonetheless, bacterial richness, as indicated by the log₁₀ transformation of detected ASVs, showed a strong negative correlation with the dominance rate (R² = 0.994), emphasizing the significance of community composition over richness for advancing sustainable agriculture. Additionally, a distance-decay relationship was observed, with increasing divergence between the main and secondary roots. Both cooperative and antagonistic interactions among microbial taxa are highly context-dependent, identifying <i>Sphingomonas</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> as the most cooperative and antagonistic genera, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Microbial communities associated with plant roots are assembled primarily by stochastic processes, involving a few commonly occurring and more rarely occurring species, and are governed by two new novel rules: species richness and dominance rates, as well as a medium-strength distance-decay relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142797716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the potential of modern phytoliths to indicate variations in northern temperate forests- a case study from Northeast China","authors":"Yating Zhao, Guizai Gao, Dongmei Jie","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07114-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07114-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The role of phytoliths as indicators of temperate forests remains a topic of ongoing debate that requires a clear understanding. This study aims to evaluate the potential of overall phytolith assemblages, as well as arboreal phytoliths, in representing the composition and abundance of temperate forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study, conducted in Northeast China, established 79 sample plots across four forest types. Topsoil samples were collected, and corresponding vegetation data—including tree cover, grass cover, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)—were obtained from MODIS albedo products. Subsequently, we analyzed the significance of phytoliths in relation to various temperate forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Results indicate that the <i>P. koraiensis</i> mixed forest, the <i>P. koraiensis</i>-<i>Picea</i>-<i>Abies</i> forest, the mountainous poplar-birch forest, and the <i>Pinus</i>-<i>Quercus</i> forest exhibit significantly different characteristics in their phytolith assemblage. Furthermore, these four forest types can be distinguished based on both overall phytoliths and arboreal phytoliths. However, phytoliths proved to be ineffective in accurately quantifying vegetation data in temperate forests, with forest NDVI demonstrating relatively better accuracy at 40%. Additionally, arboreal phytoliths contribute approximately 20% to the overall phytoliths used to indicate forest composition and abundance, and they exhibit a representation bias of 30-40% regarding tree abundance in temperate forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our study highlighted the potential of utilizing overall phytoliths to differentiate various temperate forest types, while arboreal phytoliths were found to be more reliable indicators of forest abundance. Future work on north temperate forest phytolith should focus on establishing the quantitative relationship between phytoliths and forest abundance.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinity sensitivity in mungbean: tissue ion accumulation in relation to growth and yield in contrasting genotypes","authors":"Md Shahin Iqbal, Lukasz Kotula, Al Imran Malik, William Erskine","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07101-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07101-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Salinity poses a significant challenge to agricultural production, and mungbean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> L.) is among the more salt-sensitive food legumes. This study evaluated salinity tolerance in four contrasting mungbean genotypes by analysing their morpho-physiological responses at the vegetative stage and at maturity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Plants were grown in soil-filled pots subjected to five salinity treatments (0, 25, 50, 75 and 125 mM NaCl) in a temperature-controlled glasshouse. Salinity was imposed 15 days after sowing (DAS) and plants were harvested at 38 DAS and 56 DAS.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Genotypes varied in their sensitivity to salinity measured as various morpho-physiological traits including foliar injury, SPAD, nodulation, growth, yield and yield components. Growth reduction was similar across genotypes at the vegetative stage but was more pronounced in sensitive than tolerant genotypes at maturity. High seed yield in salt tolerant genotypes was associated with large seeds, more flowers and pods, and number of seeds per plant in saline soil. Salinity stress decresead leaf osmotic potential while increasing leaf water content in all genotypes. Salinity stress increased leaf Na⁺, Cl^– and also leaf K⁺ in all genotypes for maintaining the charge balance as Na⁺ was only about 14% of Cl^– in leaf tissues. Tolerant genotypes accumulated less leaf Na⁺ and Cl^– and maintained higher leaf K⁺/Na⁺ than sensitive genotypes, however, Cl^– concentrations were increased to 260–395 mM in all genotypes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Salinity sensitivity results from toxic concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl^– in leaves, leading to reduced chlorophyll content, growth and yield. These findings demonstrate that the ability of controlling Na⁺ and Cl^– accumulation in leaves, tissue tolerance to high Cl^– and maintaining high leaf K⁺/Na⁺ ratio may contribute to salinity tolerance in mungbean.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal necromass carbon contributes more to POC and MAOC under different forest types of Qinling Mountains","authors":"Liming Lai, Jiaxi Zhao, Yanxing Dou","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07095-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07095-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is important to soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions formation. However, it is still not clear whether the contribution of MNC to particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon (POC and MAOC) in different forest types are various.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> forest (P), <i>Quercus aliena</i> forest (Q), and the mixed forest of <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> and <i>Quercus aliena</i> (P + Q) of Qinling Mountains were selected. Then contents of MNC, contribution of MNC to POC and MAOC, as well as its influencing factors at 0–10, 10–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers were analyzed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Under three forest types, contents of MNC, fungal necromass carbon (FNC) and bacterial necromass carbon (BNC) decreased with increasing of soil depth. FNC was higher than BNC, and FNC/BNC was higher than 2. At 20–40 cm layer, the ratio of MNC/MAOC in P (11.9%) was significantly lower than that in Q (23.8%) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), with no significant difference in MNC/POC. The ratio of MNC/MAOC (21.2%) was higher than MNC/POC (20.3%). Total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were main factors during MNC accumulation. MNC/POC and MNC/MAOC were mainly influenced by total phosphorus, soil moisture, soil texture and cellulose in litter.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Compared to BNC, FNC dominated the accumulation of MNC in different forest types, and it contributed more to MAOC than POC. Soil physicochemical properties, such as total nitrogen and phosphorus, soil texture and chemical composition of litter, especially cellulose were main factors during MNC contributing to SOC components accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of vegetation type on the content and spectroscopic properties of soil organic matter in the subalpine zone of the Bieszczady Mountains (Eastern Carpathians)","authors":"Patrycja Kramarczuk, Łukasz Musielok, Mateusz Stolarczyk, Łukasz Jelonkiewicz, Volodymyr A. Nikorych, Wojciech Szymański","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07085-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07085-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>This study aimed to define how vegetation affects the content and chemistry of soil organic matter (SOM) in topsoil (O and A) horizons under blueberry shrubs (<i>Vaccinietum myrtilli</i>) and tall-grass vegetation in the subalpine zone of the Bieszczady Mountains (Eastern Carpathians, SE Poland).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Topsoil samples (O and A horizons) were collected from ten sites covered with <i>Vaccinium myrtillus</i> L. and at ten sites covered with tall-grass vegetation. Above- and belowground parts of vegetation from each vegetation type were sampled. Total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) content in soil and vegetation samples were determined using an elemental analyzer. SOM chemical properties were determined via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The mineral composition of the A horizons was determined via X-ray diffractometry (XRD).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>V. myrtillus</i> L. showed significantly higher TC content and C/N ratio in its aboveground parts compared to tall-grass vegetation, though TN content was significantly lower. FTIR-ATR spectra showed more intense absorption bands for <i>V. myrtillus</i> L. The soil mineral composition was similar across vegetation types. Soils under blueberry shrubs showed significantly higher mean content of organic carbon and TN in the O horizon compared to tall-grass vegetation, with no significant differences in the A horizon.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Topsoil horizons under blueberry shrubs show higher soil organic carbon (SOC) content and C/N ratios than those under tall-grasses. Our results suggest that shrubification may affect carbon concentration in the soil; however, the lack of bulk density measurements prevents the quantification of SOM content and overall carbon sequestration, necessitating further studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"262 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting effects of plant above- and below-ground functional traits on ecosystem services in artificial forestlands and natural grasslands across vegetation zones","authors":"Jing Wang, Wenwu Zhao, Jingyi Ding","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07090-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07090-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Analysing the status of ecosystem services and their driving mechanisms along environmental gradients is highly important for the reconstruction and protection of regional ecosystems. Exploration of the effects of plant functional traits on ecosystem services is important for revealing the formation mechanisms of ecosystem services. However, the complex effects of plant functional traits on ecosystem services, especially below-ground functional traits, which play critical roles in carbon sequestration, water conservation and soil conservation services, have not been explored in depth.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Data on plant functional traits and ecosystem services were collected from different vegetation zones (steppe, forest-steppe and forest) in a loess hilly gully region. Two representative small watersheds were selected for field experiments in each vegetation zone, each watershed contains artificial forestlands (<i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> and <i>Caragana korshinskii</i>) and natural grasslands (i.e., areas that underwent natural recovery after farmland abandonment), and a total of 162 quadrats were set up throughout the study area.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The leaf area and specific leaf area gradually increased from the steppe zone to the forest zone, and the leaf thickness, leaf tissue density, and leaf carbon content gradually decreased across this gradient. The root functional traits (except for root tissue density and root carbon content) of each vegetation type decreased in all the soil layers in the following order: forest-steppe zone &gt; steppe zone &gt; forest zone. The trends of all ecosystem services were consistent with those of leaf area. In artificial forestlands, plant above-ground functional traits had greater effects on carbon sequestration and soil conservation services than did below-ground functional traits, whereas water conservation services were strongly linked with below-ground functional traits. The above-ground plant functional traits in the natural grasslands had greater effects on all the ecosystem services than did the below-ground functional traits.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Natural grasslands are suitable for vegetation restoration in these three vegetation zones. Moreover, it is necessary to plant artificial forests in forest-steppe and forest zones to improve soil conservation and carbon sequestration services to cope with extreme climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant-specific microbial diversity facilitates functional redundancy at the soil-root interface","authors":"Wisnu Adi Wicaksono, Martina Köberl, Richard Allen White, Janet K. Jansson, Christer Jansson, Tomislav Cernava, Gabriele Berg","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07097-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07097-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Plant-specific microbial diversity reflecting host-microbe coevolution was frequently shown at the structural level but less on the functional scale. We studied the microbiome of three compartments at the soil root interface (root endosphere, rhizosphere, bulk soil) of medicinal plants cultivated under organic management in Egypt. The study aimed to examine the impact of the rhizosphere on microbial community composition and diversity in desert agricultural soil, as well as to identify specific functions associated with the rhizosphere.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The microbiome community structure, diversity, and microbial functioning were evaluated through the utilization of 16S rRNA gene amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found the typical rhizosphere effect and plant-species-specific enrichment of bacterial diversity. The annual plants <i>Calendula officinalis</i> and <i>Matricaria chamomilla</i> (<i>Asteraceae</i>) were more similar than the perennial <i>Solanum distichum</i> (<i>Solanaceae</i>). Altogether, plant species explained 50.5% of the variation in bacterial community structures in the rhizosphere. Our results indicate a stronger effect of the plant species in terms of modulating bacterial community structures in the rhizosphere than in root endosphere samples. The plant-driven rhizosphere effect could be linked to redundant plant beneficial functions in the microbiome, while enrichment of specific genes related to amino acid ion transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism, defense mechanisms, and secondary metabolites biosynthesis were more specific.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The study explores the microbiome continuum at the soil-root interface of medicinal plant species, revealing significant bacterial community structure shifts and plant specificity. The study provides insights into the essential microbiome components contributing to rhizosphere functionality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host genotype-specific rhizosphere protists associate soil-borne viral disease resistance in wheat","authors":"Chuanfa Wu, Zhechang Mei, Haoqing Zhang, Jianping Chen, Jian Yang, Tida Ge, Peng Cai","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07117-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07117-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>The importance of protists in plant growth and health has already been widely studied. However, protists are rarely associated with soil-borne viral disease and how plant genotype can affect these interactions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here, we investigated rhizosphere protists linked with wheat yellow mosaic disease resistance and susceptibility in cultivars during the wheat seedling to the jointing stages of plant growth.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results showed that disease-resistant wheat cultivars exhibited significantly lower infection rates under field conditions, which were associated with higher protistan diversity and stability during early plant development. Furthermore, disease-resistant cultivars exhibited higher relative abundance of predatory protists, such as Colpodida, Litostomatea, and Oligohymenophorea, which may support plant health and disease resistance during the seedling to jointing stages. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the protistan compositional stability at the seedling stage can predict wheat health and pathogen susceptibility.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These findings highlight the potential of manipulating the abundance and composition of seedling-stage protists to enhance plant disease resistance. Our findings provide novel insights into protist dynamics influenced by host traits and their implications for disease resistance and plant health, thereby offering potential strategies for agricultural biocontrol and disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142776557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid vermicompost and liquid vermicompost leachate have contrasting impacts on cadmium, lead and zinc phytoextraction by the Syrian beancaper Zygophyllum fabago L.","authors":"Salima Benazzouk, Stanley Lutts","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07099-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07099-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Vermicompost is a valuable amendment for phytomanagement of heavy metals contaminated areas but its impact on plant physiology remains poorly documented. It is available in liquid or solid forms, but these forms were never compared for their influence on pollutant accumulation by the plant in relation to soil heavy metals bioavailabilities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Solid vermicompost (SV) and liquid vermicompost leachate (LVL) were tested on spiked soils in the absence (control) or in the presence of either 10 mg.Kg⁻¹ Cd, 250 mg.Kg⁻¹ Zn or 500 mg.Kg⁻¹ Pb and cultivated with <i>Zygophyllum fabago</i> L. in a column device allowing leachate recovery and analysis. Plant physiological parameters were determined during 10 weeks of culture.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>SV reduced soil heavy metals bioavailability, improved plant growth and photosynthesis and reduced heavy metals concentrations in all organs. In contrast, LVL increased heavy metal bioavailability and root growth but inhibited shoot growth. LVL decreased root heavy metals concentrations but increased them in the shoots. Both types of amendments increased the total amount of heavy metal removed by the plant. Among the removed Cd and Zn less than 5% were removed by leaching and SV contributed to reduce percolation. SV contributed to stress avoidance by reducing pollutant uptake while LVL contributed to stress tolerance through reinforcement of endogenous protecting mechanisms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Both SV and LVL are beneficial amendments for phytostabilization and phytoextraction of heavy metals by <i>Z. fabago</i> but act through distinct mechanisms on the plant in relation to mineral nutrition, oxidative stress and osmotic adjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142763217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}