Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Survival and growth of tree species after kaolin mining in eastern Amazonia, Brazil: accelerating restoration through physical alteration of Technosol","authors":"Victor Pereira de Oliveira, Walmer Bruno Rocha Martins, Julia Isabella de Matos Rodrigues, Guilherme Silva Modolo, João Fernandes de Lima Neto, Gustavo Schwartz, Marciel José Ferreira","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07405-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07405-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Mining causes severe damage to forest ecosystems, and the restoration of these environments in Amazonia remains a challenge. The first step is restoring the quality of the Technosol for plant establishment. This study evaluated the effects of pit size on the chemical properties of Technosol and the performance of selected tree species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Three different pit sizes were tested: Small Pit or Control (CTR), Medium Pit (MP), and Large Pit (LP) in an area degraded by kaolin mining. Four tree species were used for each pit size. After 24 months of planting, the chemical properties of Technosol, survival, periodic annual increment (PAI) for total height (PAI_Ht) and diameter at soil height (PAI_DSH), canopy area (CA), and aboveground biomass (AGB) were evaluated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The study found no significant differences in the chemical properties of Technosol across pit sizes (CTR, MP and LP). Survival rates were consistently high for all treatments. MP and LP provided the best increases in PAI_Ht of <i>Tapirira guianensis</i>. Average CA values ranged from 0.41 ± 0.19 to 1.82 ± 0.31 m² between species, and LP provided the highest average CA for <i>Terminalia argentea</i>. Furthermore, pit size influenced AGB in <i>Moquilea tomentosa</i>, <i>Terminalia argentea</i>, and <i>Tapirira guianensis</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The restoration technique significantly impacted Technosol properties and species performance, highlighting its role in ecological recovery. These findings offer valuable insights for enhancing forest restoration techniques in tropical regions impacted by mining.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rain-fed spring maize exhibits growth stability through rhizosphere microbial responses to stover return and organic fertilizer application","authors":"Qiang Liu, Xueqin Kong, Wenqi Wu, Yang Jiao, Shanchao Yue, Yufang Shen","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07422-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07422-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The integration of maize stover waste recycling and organic substitution has been extensively implemented to enhance spring maize yield and ameliorate soil quality in rain-fed agricultural areas. Nonetheless, the intricate mechanisms of plant-rhizosphere microorganism interaction remain poorly understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study employed a comprehensive two-year field experiment to elucidate the dynamics of rhizosphere microbiome-plant interactions under stover and organic substitution strategies on the Loess Plateau, facilitated by high-throughput sequencing and carbon and nitrogen composition analyses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The findings revealed a significant enrichment in the content of rhizosphere carbon and nitrogen components, with the plant height, yield, and harvest index of spring maize increasing by 2.56%, 5.19%, and 2.67%, respectively, compared to the chemical fertilizer. The dataset, encompassing the rhizosphere microbiome and soil moisture and carbon components, exhibited a strengthened correlation following stover recycling. Concurrently, the rhizosphere bacterial community matrix of spring maize correlated with dissolved organic nitrogen and soil organic carbon in the nutrient matrix by altering carbon and nitrogen cycle pathways upon stover incorporation. Phylogenetic null model calculations demonstrated that prolonged stover recycling mitigated the processes of dispersal limitation and homogeneous selection in rhizosphere fungal communities, with their formation and maintenance predominantly reliant on stochastic events rather than species’ adaptive traits. The rhizosphere microbial co-occurrence network analysis indicated that stover recycling exerted a more pronounced effect on enhancing positive connections within the fungal network compared to the bacterial network.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Collectively, our findings offer profound insights into the rhizosphere soil microbial interactions with spring maize in rain-fed agricultural areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant clippings improved soil microbial community structure and potential functionality in farmland as organic amendments: fresh vs dry","authors":"Zhen Cheng, Yarong Sun, Ting Zhou, Jiangbo Qiao, Yingge Xie, Jinlong He, Dong Wang, José A. Siles, Gao-Lin Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07376-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07376-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Agricultural residues can be used as organic amendments to improve soil properties, but also as a strategy for recycling massive amounts of wastes. The way organic amendments are introduced into the soil ecosystem can impact their potential benefit.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here, we examined how the incorporation of fresh maize clippings vs. dry ones impacts soil physicochemical properties and bacterial and fungal communities in a two-year field experiment under semi-arid climatic conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Both amendments improved soil porosity and moisture respect to the unamended treatment, with fresh clippings increased to a higher extent soil moisture content. Moreover, soil amended with fresh clippings increased bacterial diversity, but did not change microbial biomass. Bacterial community composition under amended treatments showed a shift from oligotrophic to copiotrophic. Furthermore, bacterial and fungal co-occurrence networks were more complex under soil amended with fresh plant clippings and dried plant clippings, respectively. Fresh plant clippings pruning enhanced phototrophic, photoheterotrophic and methylation functions, but inhibited denitrification function.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results highlight that amended treatments increased soil organic carbon via improving soil microhabitat and regulating bacterial community structure rather than fungal community, emphasizing that soil variables and bacterial communities were more responsive to fresh plant clippings. Consequently, we suggest that future research consider fresh plant clippings as a raw material for cropland soil amendment, which is important for enhancing soil quality and regulating soil carbon and nitrogen cycling functions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial nutrient limitations and chemical composition of soil organic carbon regulate the organic carbon mineralization and temperature sensitivity in forest and grassland soils","authors":"Mengyang You, Diankun Guo, Hongai Shi, Peng He, Martin Burger, Lu-Jun Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07408-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07408-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aim</h3><p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization which relates to SOC stability and sequestration, predicating the SOC stocks under climate change, is affected by land use and exogenous carbon addition. However, how SOC chemical composition and soil enzymes regulate SOC mineralization of grassland and forest soils receiving exogenous C addition is still not well understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Forest and grassland soils were incubated without or with two levels of ¹³C-enriched glucose, simulating labile C inputs, at 15 and 25 ℃ for 28 days. The priming effect, temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀), enzyme activities and chemical composition of SOC were determined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Increasing labile C addition and higher temperature accelerated native SOC mineralization in forest and grassland soil. Changes of enzyme C:N and N:P ratio contributed to the differences in CO₂ production in forest and grassland soil. In grassland soil, the relationship between soil-derived CO₂ production and relative peak areas of SOC at 1420 cm⁻¹ by Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy was significant. The temperature sensitivity of the native SOC mineralization in the forest soil amended with 0.8 g glucose-C kg⁻¹ dry soil application was greater than that with 0.4 g glucose-C kg⁻¹ dry soil application, but in the grassland soil, the Q₁₀ of glucose derived CO₂ emission was lower after the higher glucose application.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Soil enzyme nutrient ratios and chemical composition of SOC together play an important role in regulating the mineralization of SOC and the Q₁₀ value of external C addition mineralization in forest and grassland soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"216 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nickel hyperaccumulation is independent of the leaf economics spectrum, although it may be linked to plant water balance in an ultramafic plant community from Sabah (Malaysia)","authors":"Celestino Quintela-Sabarís, Michel-Pierre Faucon, Béatrice Gervais-Bergeron, Sukaibin Sumail, Antony van der Ent, Rimi Repin, John Sugau, Reuben Nilus, Thomas Rigaudier, Guillaume Echevarria, Sophie Leguédois","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07325-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07325-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulators are a group of plants able to store elevated amounts of this element in their leaves. Some studies indicate that hyperaccumulation may be associated with traits favouring fast resource capture or with traits favouring nutrient and water conservation, but there is no evidence for the role of nickel hyperaccumulation in the leaf economics spectrum. Our study aims to assess the differences in the leaf economics spectrum between Ni hyperaccumulators and non-hyperaccumulators.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We have conducted a field study involving five hyperaccumulators and ten non-hyperaccumulators growing on the same ultramafic community in Sabah (Malaysia). We measured two structural and seven chemical leaf traits and computed a Principal Component Analysis, which was complemented by a test of the phylogenetic signal of each trait and linear mixed models to assess the influence of each leaf trait on nickel accumulation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our analyses inferred three principal components that reflected the main environmental constraints that shape the resource acquisition strategies of the studied ultramafic plant community: leaf economics spectrum, hyperaccumulation and water-use efficiency, and calcium to magnesium balance. Moreover, the linear mixed models indicated that carbon isotope discrimination and potassium concentrations had a significant effect on Ni accumulation, suggesting that nickel might replace partially potassium in its role in plant water balance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, the data suggest that in the community studied, Ni hyperaccumulation is independent of the leaf economics spectrum and related to plant water economy. More studies with other hyperaccumulator plants are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitate zinc biofortification and nutritional quality of wheat by spraying endophytic bacteria from zinc hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance","authors":"Jiayuan Liao, Zhesi Li, Xuan Chen, Zhipeng Hu, Ziyan Fan, Ancao Pan, Lukuan Huang, Qizhen Liu, Chao Yu, Ying Feng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07406-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07406-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Microbial-mediated Zinc (Zn) biofortification, is an environmentally friendly strategy for sustainable agriculture. In this study, the effects of foliar spraying of endophytic bacteria from Zn hyperaccumulator <i>Sedum alfredii</i> Hance (<i>S. alfredii</i>) on the growth, Zn uptake and Zn nutritional quality of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) were evaluated in a field experiment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The isolated endophytic bacteria were cultivated into microbial fertilizers and applied at the jointing, heading, flowering and grain-filling stages of wheat. After harvest, the agronomic traits, Zn and other mineral element contents of wheat, as well as the contents of Zn and available Zn in the soil were determined. The physiologically-based extraction test (PBET) was used to evaluate the absorption of edible Zn in grains by the human body.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Spraying endophytic bacteria optimized the wheat agronomic traits, increased the yield of wheat, and improved available Zn concentration in rhizosphere soil. Among the 10 strains, SaPA1, SaVA1, SaPS1, SaPS3, and SaEN1 showed notable abilities to promote the uptake and accumulation of Zn in wheat, with an increase rate of grain Zn concentration by up to 42.56%. Furthermore, those strains could not only reduce the phytic acid (PA) content but also increased the bioaccessible Zn concentration in grains. In addition, the concentration of other trace elements was also improved after sprayed certain strains.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our research indicated that selected endophytic bacteria of Zn hyperaccumulator can be used as microbial fertilizers for biofortification and enhancing the nutrition of trace elements in crop.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of cadmium-resistant Proteus mirabilis Ch8 on active ingredients and cadmium content of traditional Chinese medicine Ligusticum sinense cv. Chuanxiong","authors":"Ting Li, Lin Liu, Xiu-wen Bao, Fei-fei Liu, Xuan Zhang, Hao-ran Song, Si-jing Liu, Jing Bai, Qing-he Wang, Fei-lin Yang, Yang Li, Shu-qi Niu, Jin-lin Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07342-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07342-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>This study aimed to investigate potential benefits and mechanism of applying Cd-resistant <i>Proteus mirabilis</i> Ch8 to <i>Ligusticum sinense</i> cv. Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong) cultivation. Specifically, we sought to evaluate its effects on plant growth, Cd accumulation, active ingredient content, soil fertility, and rhizosphere microbial community composition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A field experiment was conducted with two treatment groups: control group (CK) and Ch8 treatment group. In October, the rhizosphere of Chuanxiong was inoculated with either LB medium (CK) or Ch8 bacterial solution. Plant samples were collected in March of the following year. We measured biomass, Cd content, active ingredient content, rhizosphere soil fertility, and microbial community composition were determined.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Inoculation with Ch8 significantly enhanced the growth of Chuanxiong Rhizomes while decreasing Cd accumulation. Particularly, compared to the CK group, the Ch8 treatment significantly increased the dry weight by 51.99% and decreased the Cd content by 30.62% of Chuanxiong. Additionally, Ch8 effectively inhibited Cd bioaccumulation and translocation in Chuanxiong. Notably, the content of ferulic acid (FA), a key active ingredient, significantly increased by 94.47% in the Ch8 group. Soil analysis revealed that Ch8 application significantly increased the contents of N, P, and K, as well as the residual Cd content in the soil. Furthermore, the structure and function of the rhizosphere microbial community were significantly altered in the Ch8 group. Enrichment of glutathione metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism-related functions was observed, which might contribute to the enhanced accumulation of active ingredients.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Ch8 not only promoted the growth and active ingredient content of Chuanxiong but also reduced Cd accumulation in the plant. These findings provide a scientific basis for utilizing Cd-resistant bacterium to mitigate Cd contamination, improve the quality of medicinal plants, and ensure their sustainable development.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Article Highlights</h3><p>• Ch8 significantly enhances growth and reduced Cd enrichment in Chuanxiong.</p><p>• Inoculation with Ch8 significantly increased active ingredient content in Chuanxiong.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ridge-furrow film mulching combined with biochar addition enhances maize productivity and reduces nitrogen loss, but increases soil moisture consumption in semi-arid areas","authors":"Zhaoyang Li, Liangqi Ren, Hao Pan, Yanbo Ji, Nanhai Zhang, Medelbek Meruyert, Ansabayeva Assiyae, Weijun Zhang, Enke Liu, Kadambot H. M. Siddique, Ruixia Ding, Zhikuan Jia, Yuhao Wang, Zihan Liu, Peng Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07386-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07386-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Ridge-furrow film mulching (RFFM) and biochar addition are both effective soil management practices for improving crop yields in dry farming regions. However, they may have different impacts on soil moisture status and nitrogen budget.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A two-years experiment was conducted on soil water and nitrogen status, maize productivity, and nitrogen utilization through four treatments: FN, flat planting without biochar; FB, flat planting with 9.0 t ha⁻¹ biochar; RN, RFFM without biochar; RB, RFFM with 9.0 t ha⁻¹ biochar.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In the 0–60 cm soil layer, RFFM reduced soil nitrogen storage and increased soil water storage (SWS), while biochar addition was the opposite. A significant interaction was observed between the two measures regarding the reduction of SWS in deep soil (60–200 cm), with the RB significantly increasing the soil desiccation index during the filling stage. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the decrease of SWS in deep soil did not adversely affect crop production, instead, it significantly increased maize productivity and utilization efficiency, while reducing nitrogen loss (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Among them, the RB with the lowest SWS in the deep layer demonstrated the best overall performance, which increased maize yield by 27.2% and nitrogen use efficiency by 21.0%, and reduced NH₃ cmissions by 20.6% and mineral nitrogen residue by 46.9%.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>RB is an effective field management strategy to promote soil nitrogen retention and improve nitrogen utilization of maize. However, it is important to remain vigilant about the potential impacts of decreased soil water on future agricultural productivity under this practice.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the key regulators of the soil carbon priming effect: A data synthesis","authors":"Jianyu Tao, Xiaoyuan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07409-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07409-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The priming effect (PE) plays a crucial role in soil carbon (C) dynamics and the global C balance, yet its driving factors remain controversial.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Meta-analysis, boosted regression tree (BRT) model, and linear mixed model (LMM) were applied to investigate the effects of various abiotic factors on the PE.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Recalcitrant substance inputs may induce negative PEs in forest and grassland soils, which may become positive in extremely acidic soils (≤ 5.0). Moreover, PE intensities were higher when soil C/N ratios were below 10 or substrate C/N ratios were below 20. According to the BRT model, substrate C input, SOC content, soil C/N ratio, and soil pH were identified as the primary determinants of the PE, explaining 65% of the total variation (each contributing &gt; 10%). Moreover, substrate C input was positively correlated with PE intensity when the impacts of soil moisture, temperature, pH, C/N ratio, and substrate N/C ratio were separated as random effects in the LMM. The total random effect of soil pH and C/N ratio (39.7%) exceeded the total fixed effect of substrate C input and SOC (38.6%), highlighting their role as key regulators of the PE.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study offers novel insights into the mechanisms of the PE by shifting the focus from soil microbial processes to the regulatory effects of abiotic factors on soil microbial activity and growth. To quantitively estimate the effects of PEs on soil C dynamics, multivariate models should be employed in future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consecutive application of peanut shell and its biochar triggered different soil organic carbon mineralization by altering microbial resource availability and composition in sweet potato cropping systems","authors":"Meng Na, Jinping Feng, Shangqi Xu, Xiaoping Li, Xianqing Zheng, Jihai Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07411-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07411-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The incorporation of crop residues into cultivated soils is widely adopted to improve soil quality of degraded lands. However, the understanding of how soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization responds to consecutive residue return and the underlying microbial mechanisms remains limited.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Peanut shell or its derived biochar was annually applied at low and high rates to degraded upland red soils under a sweet potato system over two years, to assess changes in SOC mineralization, soil biochemical characteristics, microbial activities, and crop yield.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The second-year application of high biochar generated a more pronounced increase in SOC mineralization compared to peanut shell application. This result was associated with lower soil nitrogen (N) availability in biochar-amended soils, which increased microbial demand for N from soils. In addition, the first-year addition of biochar improved stable microbial biomass C in soils, leading to microbes living in a resource-limited environment. The second-year addition of biochar could then activate the starving community to mine SOC by providing sufficient resources. In contrast, the first-year addition of peanut shell increased labile dissolved organic C in soils, leading to less resource restriction. The second-year addition of peanut shell thus had small stimulation on labile SOC mineralization. Moreover, biochar applications improved bacterial abundance which drove strong SOC mineralization. Peanut shell applications increased fungal abundance which dominated SOC mineralization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The annual high amounts of biochar application may lead to greater soil C release than raw crop residues within two years, providing new insights for optimizing agricultural management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143733984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}