Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"The duration of intensive vegetable cultivation regulates the fates of accumulated nitrate under reductive soil disinfestation","authors":"Huimin Zhang, Jing Wang, Nyumah Fallah, Yves Uwiragiye, Yinfei Qian, Yi Cheng, Maoheng Zhang, Zucong Cai, Christoph Müller","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07420-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07420-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Reductive soil disinfestation is an effective strategy for removing accumulated nitrate (NO₃⁻-N) from topsoil in intensive vegetable fields via elevating NO₃⁻-N consumption processes due to its water-saturated, strongly reductive, and carbon-rich characteristics. The duration of intensive vegetable cultivation may affect the relative importance of these consuming processes of NO₃⁻-N during reductive soil disinfestation treatment by altering topsoil properties. However, it remains elusive how the duration of intensive vegetable cultivation affects the fates of topsoil NO₃⁻-N during reductive soil disinfestation treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here, a soil column experiment labeled with K¹⁵NO₃ was conducted to investigate the effects of different cultivation ages (5, 10, 20 and 30 years) of intensively managed vegetable fields on the fates of topsoil NO₃⁻-N under reductive soil disinfestation treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that more than 91.8% of the added ¹⁵NO₃⁻-N in topsoil was removed by reductive soil disinfestation treatment, regardless of cultivation years. There was a trade-off between denitrification and NO₃⁻-N leaching into the subsoil, collectively accounting for 85.5–97.1% of the added ¹⁵NO₃⁻-N, regardless of cultivation years. The proportion of gaseous ¹⁵N loss via denitrification to added ¹⁵NO₃⁻-N (P_{denitrification}) initially increased from 5 to 10 years of cultivation, but subsequently decreased with further cultivation ages, whereas the trend was reversed for the proportion of leaching of ¹⁵NO₃⁻-N into the subsoil to added ¹⁵NO₃⁻-N (P_leaching).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, our results highlight the critical role of using reductive soil disinfestation in removing accumulated NO₃⁻-N from the topsoil with its fates of a trade-off between P_{denitrification} and P_leaching as ages of intensive vegetable cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of phosphate on uptake of antimonate coupled with upgrading Salvia spinosa L. tolerance to antimony toxicity","authors":"Shakiba Rajabpoor, Shokoofeh Hajihashemi, Soghra Kiani","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07337-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07337-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Antimonate (Sb(V)) toxicity to plant health is well-known, while a little is known about its uptake mechanism. The application of phosphate fertilizer is a common practice in agriculture. We aimed to study the interaction of phosphorus (P) and Sb(V) in <i>Salvia spinosa</i> L.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The effects of 50 and 300 μM K₂HPO₄ on Sb(V) uptake (0 or 50 μM) were investigated for 2, 4 and 6 days in a hydroponic system.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>K₂HPO₄ (P) treatment increased Sb(V) uptake in Salvia. Sb(V) was mainly accumulated in roots, by 12 times higher than that in shoot. The addition of 300 μM K₂HPO₄ enhanced Sb accumulation by 428 and 26 mg Kg⁻¹ in roots and shoot, respectively, in 6 day-treated plants. Irrespective of the increase in Sb(V) content in the K₂HPO₄-treated plants, the H₂O₂ and MDA contents significantly reduced to less than Sb treatment alone, which can be connected to the observed increase in phenols, flavonoids, and activity of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Besides, P treatments suppressed the adverse effects of Sb(V) stress on sugars, proteins, the lipid membrane and subsequently on plant growth.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The improvement in Sb(V) uptake and accumulation in plant organs is important from the view of Sb(V) removal from the environment, which was achieved in a Sb metallicolous type of <i>S. Spinosa</i> under P treatment. Taken together, P fertilizers can be recommended as an easy and effective practice to enhance uptake of Sb, in parallel with improving plant tolerance to Sb(V) toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of endophyte-infected Achnatherum inebrians on nematode community and the hatching of Heterodera glycines oocysts and Meloidogyne incongnita cysts","authors":"Xuekai Wei, Zheng Liang, Changhui Guo, Tingting Ding, Xiuzhang Li, Kamran Malik, Chunjie Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07417-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07417-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p><i>Achnatherum inebrians</i> is main poisonous bunchgrass in the grassland of northern China. Nematodes are the most prevalent and diverse group of multicellular animals in terrestrial ecosystems. The effects of endophytic fungus – <i>A. inebrians</i> symbiosis on nematodes were investigate to find a solution to control harmful nematodes in the soil so the crop can reach high yield level.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of endophytic fungi on soil nematode communities in the rhizosphere of <i>A. inebrians</i>, and the effects of leaf and seed extract and root exudates of endophytic fungus – <i>A. inebrians</i> symbiosis on the hatching of nematodes cysts were measured in laboratory.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The diversity index of soil nematodes in the roots of <i>A. inebrians</i> was not significantly altered by endophytic fungi. However, grass-endophytic fungi altered the composition of the nematode community in the rhizosphere soil of <i>A. inebrians</i>. In addition, <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes had significant difference on the composition of functional groups of soil nematodes, especially on plant-parasitic nematodes. Nematode community in rhizosphere soil of endophyte-infected (E +) <i>A. inebrians</i> had higher <i>MI</i>, <i>SI</i>, <i>CI</i> and lower <i>PPI</i>, <i>PPI</i>/<i>MI</i> and <i>EI</i> indices. The individual density of predators/omnivores nematode in rhizosphere soil of endophyte-infected (E +) <i>A. inebrians</i> was significantly higher than that of endophyte-free (E-) <i>A. inebrians</i>. With the increase of concentration of stem, seed extract, and root exudates of <i>A. inebrians</i>, the inhibitory effects on hatching of nematode cysts were enhanced. At low concentrations of steam and seed extract as well as root exudates, <i>Epichloë</i> endophytes of <i>A. inebrians</i> affected the hatching effects on <i>H. glycines</i> oocysts and <i>M. incognita</i> cysts masses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Endophytic fungi affect the species composition and diversity of nematode communities in the rhizosphere soil of <i>A. inebrians</i>. The extract of stem and seed, and root exudates of symbiont of <i>A. inebrians</i>—<i>epichloë</i> endophytes have great inhibitory effect on hatching of <i>H. glycines</i> oocysts and <i>M. incognita</i> cysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medicago truncatula supernodulation mutants sunn4 and lss show enhanced seed yield and seed nitrogen allocation from nitrogen fixation under low nitrogen availability","authors":"Giel van Noorden, Adrienne Nicotra, Ulrike Mathesius","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07413-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07413-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes has an energetic cost, which the host controls through inhibition of nodulation in response to externally available nitrogen. Autoregulation of nodulation (AON) mutants supernodulate, even in the presence of sufficient nitrogen. Here, we tested whether three AON mutants of <i>Medicago truncatula,</i> <i>sunn4</i>, <i>rdn1-1</i> and <i>lss</i>, display fitness costs due to supernodulation, and to what extent this is dependent on the supply of nitrogen.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We grew wild type (WT) and AON mutants under controlled conditions with a supply of either 0.5 or 2 mM of ¹⁵N-labelled nitrate until seed maturation, and determined biomass, seed yield, tissue N content, and N derived from nitrogen fixation. Plants were either inoculated with <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> or left uninoculated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The <i>sunn4</i> and <i>lss</i>, but not <i>rdn1-1</i> mutant showed significantly higher seed yield than the WT plants in the low (0.5 mM) nitrate treatment, but only if they were inoculated with rhizobia. The mutants allocated significantly higher proportion of N derived from nitrogen fixation to seeds. At the higher (2 mM) nitrate concentration, mutants and WT showed similar biomass and N derived from nitrogen fixation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>We conclude that, despite the higher potential energetic cost of supernodulation, nodulated <i>sunn4</i> and <i>lss</i> AON mutants can have a fitness advantage (higher yield and biomass) under low N due to higher nitrogen fixation over the whole growth period, and that they allocate more fixed N and more biomass into their seeds than WT plants, at least under controlled conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen addition simplifies micro-food webs in leaf litter habitats at humus-near stage of decomposition in a subtropical plantation","authors":"Wei Fu, Chen Liang, Guofei Shang, Shengwang Meng, Tongchuan Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07416-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07416-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aim</h3><p>Litter decomposition, a key process regulating subtropical forest ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling, is highly susceptible to increasing atmospheric N deposition and is facilitated and regulated by micro-food webs. However, responses of micro-food webs in leaf litter habitats to N deposition remain unclear, especially at humus-near stage of decomposition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, the leaf litter decomposition was subjected to experimental N addition, and the biota communities (microbes and nematodes) in leaf litter habitats and the subsequent micro-food webs were evaluated in a subtropical plantation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>After a 6-year N addition, the leaf litter microbial community composition showed little change, but the leaf litter microbial G⁺/G⁻ showed significant increases. N addition increased the relative abundance of leaf litter herbivores with less resistance and decreased the OP/H. The leaf litter communities in response to N addition were driven by changes in leaf litter pH, Mn, N/Mn and P/Mn ratios. N addition decreased the leaf litter βG and AP activities, and the EI and SI relative to control plots (no N addition). These shifts were primarily controlled by the leaf litter pH, C, N, Mn, N/Mn and P/Mn ratios.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These findings illustrate that, in leaf litter habitats, the nematode community responses to N addition are more sensitive than the microbial community, and the micro-food webs become less enriched and less structured in response to N addition at humus-near stage of decomposition. These findings can help to better predict terrestrial biogeochemical cycling under future global change scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speciation of cadmium and copper in the herbaceous flowering hyperaccumulator Bidens pilosa L. and their detoxification mechanisms","authors":"Siqi Wang, Jiayi Bai, Huiping Dai, Jie Zhan, Liping Ren, Brett H. Robinson, Chengzhi Jiang, Shuang Cui, Lidia Skuza, Shuhe Wei","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07412-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07412-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>We aimed to elucidate the speciation of Cd and Cu in the herbaceous flowering hyperaccumulator <i>Bidens pilosa</i> L. and their detoxification mechanisms.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Seedlings of <i>B. pilosa</i> were grown in hydroponic solution in a greenhouse. FTIR was used to determine differences in functional groups (including -OH, -CH₂, -CH(CH₃)₂, -CO₂H and -NH₂) in molecular compounds from different tissue cells under different concentrations of Cd and Cu treatments. The subcellular distributions and chemical forms of Cd and Cu were determined by using differential centrifugation and sequential extraction methods.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>FTIR revealed that the abundance of -OH, -CH₂ groups, acid amides and lipids increased with increasing Cd concentrations. indicating that corresponding macromolecules, such as alcohols and phenols, proteins and lipids in cells in the stems/roots of <i>B. pilosa</i> reduced Cd stress. The results showed that -CH(CH₃)₂ groups bound Cd on the surface of the root cells. In contrast, the amount of -CH(CH₃)₂ groups was reduced with increasing Cu stress. The amount of -CH(CH₃)₂ groups and protein with acid amides increased in cells in the stems of <i>B. pilosa</i> under Cd treatments. Subcellular distributions and chemical speciation analyses revealed that Cd was mainly sequestered in cytoplasm and cell walls of <i>B. pilosa</i> roots. In contrast, Cu was mostly bound in the cell walls. In the roots, the most Cd and Cu were ethanol extractable, indicating relative lability with a high potential to be translocated to the shoots. In the stems and leaves most Cd was bound in the cell walls. But there were no significant changes for the proportion of ethanol-extracted Cu in stems and leaves.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p><i>B. pilosa</i> is a Cd hyperaccumulator, but not a Cu hyperaccumulator. The key compounds associated with Cd hyperaccumulation in <i>B. pilosa</i> were alcohols, phenols, acid amides and lipids.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in soil microbial assemblages, soil chemistry, and vegetation composition associated with Eucalyptus viminalis dieback","authors":"Felipe E. Albornoz, Suzanne M. Prober, Tracey V. Steinrucken, Andrew Bissett, Margaret Mackinnon, Lauren Van Dyke, Nicki Taws, Celeste C. Linde, Ben Gooden","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07407-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07407-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Tree dieback is increasing worldwide, threatening the biodiversity and functioning of many terrestrial ecosystems. Tree dieback is associated with multiple interconnected changes in community composition and ecosystem processes. These changes affect plant, fauna and soil microbial communities, and soil physical and chemical processes. However, these ecosystem changes associated with tree dieback have received little attention.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We characterised ecosystem changes associated with dieback in the Australian tree, <i>Eucalyptus viminalis</i>. Dieback of <i>E. viminalis</i> is widespread and of unknown cause. Surveys were conducted in sites with a range of dieback severity to assess native and exotic plant communities. Soil was collected to assess soil chemistry and communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), fungal plant pathogens and oomycetes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Dieback in <i>E. viminalis</i> was associated with an increase in nitrate–N, soil pH, exotic plant cover and richness, AMF and plant pathogen richness (both fungi and oomycetes). Conversely, there was a negative relationship between dieback and ammonium-N, native plant richness and EMF richness. Dieback severity was also associated with reduced heterogeneity in community composition of both native and exotic plants as well as all microbial groups assessed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Ecosystem changes associated with <i>E. viminalis</i> dieback are complex and likely interconnected via feedbacks between plants, soils, and microorganisms. If highly disturbed landscapes suffering tree dieback are depleted of healthy soil microbial communities and physicochemical properties, then natural or assisted revegetation programmes may have limited success unless microbial mutualists are reinstated through intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stratified soilless substrates decrease the vertical gravitational water gradient altering Helianthus root morphology","authors":"Kristopher S. Criscione, James S. Owen, Jeb S. Fields","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07385-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07385-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Containerized soilless substrates are highly porous to ensure adequate air storage to overcome the “container” effect- the lower part of the container nears saturation which can decrease root health and growth. Substrate porosity is dynamic, evolving over time. As roots fill pores, substrate decomposition and <i>in-situ</i> particle movement change the physical structure, shifting its storage properties and performance. Research is sparse in understanding how developing roots change their morphology throughout production (temporally) and while growing throughout the three-dimensional substrate matrix (spatially). Thus, it would be beneficial to understand how root development impacts container moisture characteristics. This study aimed to quantify root morphological development and water storage (θ) spatiotemporally in conventional or engineered soilless substrate systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p><i>Helianthus annus</i> ‘Rio Carnival’ was grown in 30.5 cm tall PVC columns in a conventional (non-stratified; 100% of the container is filled with a single composite) bark- or peat-based substrates or engineered (stratified; fine-bark atop coarse-bark; peatlite layered over pine bark) systems. Columns were frozen after roots were partially- (22 d) or fully-grown (43 d) and were separated in five vertical sections. Root morphology and θ were measured within each layer.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that stratified systems overall stored less water, especially in coarser sub-stratas. Partially rooted columns generally stored more water and fully rooted columns drained more. Plants grown in stratified systems had greater fine root development than when grown conventionally.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Container-grown roots can be engineered to produce more fibrous root systems by spatially manipulating substrate θ.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The degradation of lignin and cellulose in typhoon-induced unsenescent leaf litter depends greatly on functional strategies among tree species","authors":"Rui Cao, Huaibin Wang, Lifeng Wang, Zhuang Wang, Zhihui Wang, Qin Wang, Naiyue Lv, Xu Wang, Wanqin Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07418-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07418-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Although unsenescent leaf litter induced by tropical cyclones represents an increasingly important component of forest litter, characterized by distinct initial quality and decomposition environments compared to naturally senescent litter, the degradation of lignin and cellulose in unsenecent litter and the underlying mechanism remain unknown.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>To evaluate the effect of litter sources and tree species on lignin and cellulose degradation, we conducted a one-year litter decomposition experiment using unsenescent leaf litter induced by Typhoon Hagupit from goldenrain, camphor, and willow trees, along with naturally senescent leaf litter from each species, at the Plant Ecology Research Base of Taizhou University in southeastern China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Lignin in unsenescent camphor and willow litter degraded by 43.2% and 48.6%, respectively, which were significantly higher than in senescent litter. Cellulose in unsenescent willow litter degraded by 85.38%, also significantly higher than in senescent litter. However, cellulose in unsenescent goldenrain and camphor litter degraded by 71.4% and 73.3%, respectively, which were significantly lower than in senescent litter. Initial litter quality effectively explained the differences in lignin and cellulose degradation rates between senescent and unsenescent litter. Furthermore, lignin degradation rates in both senescent and unsenescent litter were significantly and positively correlated with carbon (C) release, while cellulose degradation rates had a positive correlation with C release only in senescent camphor litter.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The degradation of lignin and cellulose in typhoon-induced unsenescent litter varies greatly among tree species due to their distinct functional strategies, highlighting its disproportionate contribution to C cycle in coastal forest ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient cadmium uptake and accumulation in pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) associated with its potential for phytoremediation of cadmium-polluted soils","authors":"Yifan Xia, Fan Yang, Lin Hu, Haibao Ji, Ji Feng Shao","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07401-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07401-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Phytoremediation is a sustainable strategy for remediating cadmium (Cd)- contaminated soils; however, the limited availability of ideal Cd hyperaccumulator plants remains a significant challenge. Initially recognized as a manganese (Mn) hyperaccumulator, pokeweed (<i>Phytolacca americana</i> L.) has also demonstrated the ability to accumulate Cd. This study aims to characterize Cd accumulation in pokeweed from a physiological perspective and evaluate its potential for Cd remediation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We assessed the Cd accumulation characteristics of pokeweed through comprehensive physiological experiments and investigated Cd cellular distribution in roots and leafstalks using a Cd molecular probe. Additionally, we compared its remediation potential with that of rice varieties, including the wild-type T-65 and the Cd hyperaccumulating mutant TCM-213.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Pokeweed demonstrated remarkable Cd accumulation in its shoots, reaching concentrations as high as 1,239 mg·kg⁻¹. This plant exhibits both high Cd uptake efficiency and effective xylem loading capacity. Cd accumulates predominantly in the leaves, with its distribution largely driven by transpiration. At the cellular level, Cd primarily localizes in the endodermis and xylem vascular bundle cells of roots, as well as in the epidermis and xylem vascular bundle cells of older leafstalks. Furthermore, pokeweed has a purification rate of 35%, which is significantly higher than that of TCM-213.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings establish pokeweed as a promising Cd hyperaccumulator, highlighting its potential application in the remediation of Cd-contaminated soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}