Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Anatomically defined absorptive fine roots are modulated by root-order architecture and morphology during tree ontogeny","authors":"Guoqiang Gao, Hao Ren, Wenna Wang, Dongnan Wang, Zhi Liu, Jiacun Gu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07355-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07355-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Absorptive fine roots play an important role in resource uptake and belowground carbon allocation in woody plants. However, information on how their composition, biomass and length change with tree age remains limited.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We selected young and mature trees of four temperate species with distinct root diameter size, comprising thin-root species <i>Fraxinus mandshurica</i> and <i>Larix gmelinii</i>, and thick-root species <i>Phellodendron amurense</i> and <i>Pinus koraiensis</i>. Root biomass, length, anatomy, morphology, and architecture were determined in undamaged fine root branches.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Based on anatomical observations, absorptive fine roots (exhibit primary development with intact cortex) predominantly comprised first- to third-order roots from young to mature trees across all species. The proportion of absorptive fine root biomass to the total fine root biomass (PARB) increased significantly with tree age, whereas the proportion of absorptive fine root length to the total fine root length (PARL) remained unchanged. Regardless of age group, PARB and PARL in thin-root species of <i>F. mandshurica</i> and <i>L. gmelinii</i> were significantly higher than those in thick-root species of<i> P. amurense</i> and <i>P. koraiensis</i>. The variation in PARB was mainly influenced by the proportions of first- to fifth-order root biomass to total fine root biomass and root diameter. The variation in PARL was mainly influenced by the proportions of first- to fifth-order root length to total fine root length, specific root length, and branching ratio.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings suggest that absorptive fine root biomass changes during ontogenetic stage, which may influence belowground carbon allocation and resource competition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lotus japonicus CIP73 functions as a transcriptional repressor to inhibit Nodule Inception gene expression in nodule symbiosis","authors":"Hao Li, Yajuan Ou, Jidan Zhang, Aifang Xiao, Zhongming Zhang, Yangrong Cao, Hui Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07349-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07349-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Many legumes establish symbiotic relationships with soil bacteria to form specialized organs called nodules, where bacteria reside and convert nitrogen gas into ammonium for host plants. <i>Lotus japonicus</i> CIP73 (CCaMK-interacting protein of approximately 73 kD), a member of the large ubiquitin superfamily, is phosphorylated by CCaMK and plays a role in regulating nodule formation. However, the biochemical function of CIP73 in regulating nodulation has remained unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We evaluated the molecular mechanism of CIP73 in regulating nodulation through genetics, biochemistry, and molecular biology in both laboratory and greenhouse settings.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our study demonstrates that CIP73 functions as a transcriptional repressor that directly binds to the <i>NIN</i> promoter to suppress its expression in <i>L. japonicus</i>. The N-terminus of CIP73 is essential for its role in repressing <i>NIN</i> expression, with CIP73 binding to a 31 bp CIP73 binding site (CBS31) in the <i>NIN</i> promoter. Importantly, our findings reveal that the inhibition of <i>NIN</i> expression by CIP73 negatively impacts the number of nodules locally, while ectopic expression of <i>NIN</i> systemically suppresses nodule organogenesis in the <i>cip73</i> mutants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our research suggests that CIP73 functions as a transcriptional repressor that directly binds to the <i>NIN</i> promoter, ensuring precise spatiotemporal expression and creating a finely tuned mechanism to regulate nodule organogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoremediation as a sustainable tool to rehabilitate land contaminated by high‑density sludge sediment: from waste to green","authors":"Weiwei Wang, Jinchun Xue, Liping Zhang, Min He, Ruoyan Cai, Jiajia You","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07354-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07354-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The HDS sediment produced in the treatment of mine wastewater by HDS process (high-density sludge method) has become a difficult problem in the disposal of mine solid waste due to its large storage and low comprehensive utilization rate. This study aimed to explore the effect of phytoremediation method on the ecological restoration of HDS sediment dump.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A 5-year field investigation was conducted to examine the effect of revegetating a HDS sediment dump with eight woody plant species, i.e., <i>Ligustrum lucidum</i> L., <i>Ligustrum quihoui</i> L., <i>Robinia pseudoacacia</i> L., <i>Rhus chinensis</i> L., <i>Salix hybrid</i> L., <i>Hibiscus mutabilis</i> L., <i>Nerium indicum</i> L., <i>Hibiscus syriacus</i> L., on the physicochemical properties, nutrients, enzyme activities, microbial activities and heavy metal contents of the HDS sediment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that revegetation significantly improved the physicochemical properties (pH, electrical conductivity, water content, redox potential), nutrients (N, P, K, organic matter), enzyme activities (phosphatase, invertase, urease), microbiological composition and respiration (bacteria, fungi, actinomyces, microbial biomass, respiration intensity) of the HDS sediment. Compared with the control (bare sediment without revegetation), revegetation reduced the contents of Cd, Cu in the sediment. In addition, the contents of DTPA-Cd and DTPA-Cu in the sediment showed a decreasing trend.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Furthermore, as discovered from the PCA analysis results, <i>R. pseudoacacia</i> has greater restoration potential for copper sulfide acidic wastewater sludge, which was suitable for primary woody plants to repair the HDS sediment dump. </p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143608026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The restoration of soil multifunctionality in the later stages of biocrust succession is related to bacterial niche expansion: a case study of ion-adsorption rare earth tailings in southern China","authors":"Sheng Xu, Shifeng Sun, Huimin Qiu, Dan Lu, Yizhen Liu, Jun Ye, Hui Zhong, Tao Wang, Yanan Zhang, Lan Wu, Chi Yao, Qiying Cai, Gang Ge","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07346-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07346-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>In recent years, soil microbes have been recognized as essential partners of Biological Soil Crust (BSC) organisms, such as mosses and lichens. Together, these organisms contribute significantly to ecosystem functions and services. However, the influence of different BSC types on microbial habitats and the subsequent impact on microbial regulation of soil functions, particularly in degraded mining ecosystems, remains largely unexplored.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study investigated soil microbial diversity and community composition using high-throughput sequencing. To assess soil multifunctionality, five soil variables related to nutrient pools—soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen—were measured and calculated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results indicated that as BSC succession progressed, both individual soil functions and overall multifunctionality increased concurrently with an expansion of bacterial niche breadth. Compared to earlier successional stages, bacterial generalists in later stages exhibited significantly greater abundance, diversity, and metabolic functions. These generalists were positively correlated with both individual soil functions and multifunctionality. The complexity of interactions between bacterial generalists and soil functionality increased in later successional stages, characterized by predominantly positive relationships, in contrast to the earlier stages with numerous negative interactions. Moreover, the overlap in species between bacterial generalists and neutral microbes exceeded 80%. Structural equation modeling revealed that in later successional stages, factors such as BSC coverage, thickness, micro-topographic slope and height, soil moisture, and soil bulk density positively influenced the role of bacterial generalists in regulating both individual soil functions and multifunctionality.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These findings collectively suggest that as succession advances, BSCs enhance nutrient and moisture input by increasing microtopographic roughness, thereby shifting bacterial niche expansion from a survival-oriented strategy to an active role in promoting soil nutrient accumulation. Our results underscore the critical role of well-developed BSCs in the ecological restoration of rare earth tailings soils and provide novel insights into BSC ecology in similarly degraded mining environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience to salinity and drought in alien vs. native flora of Iran: a systematic review","authors":"Sima Sohrabi, Mostafa Oveisi, Javid Gherekhloo, Afshin Soltani","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07340-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07340-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Stressful conditions in arid and semi-arid regions limit the range of plants that can thrive. These plants must possess traits that enable them to tolerate drought and salinity. This study aims to explore the complex interactions among various factors to identify the most drought- and salinity-tolerant alien and native plant species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We collected data on germination tolerance to drought and salinity from 220 records from Iran. The selected documents contained information on X₅₀ (the level of drought or salinity stress that causes a 50 percent reduction in final seed germination). We screened the records based on their native range (native or alien) according to the recent alien plants̕ check-list of Iran. Additional information, such as the crops in which drought and salinity tolerance were examined, plant family, life cycle of the species, and ecological zones, was also included in the analysis. We employed artificial neural networks (ANN) to distinguish between alien and native species, using the aforementioned data as inputs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Alien and native species were classified with misclassification rates of 0, 0.023, and 0.01 during training, validation, and testing. We demonstrated that native species from Portulacaceae and Geraniaceae had higher drought tolerance, while the Protulacaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Fabaceae families showed the highest tolerance to salinity. Among alien plants, the Lamiaceae family had the highest drought and salinity tolerance. In general, the plant family, made the greatest contribution to both drought and salinity tolerance, followed by ecological zone for drought and life cycle for salinity. The alien plants with the highest drought tolerance were primarily concentrated in the Iranian-O-Turanian ecological zone. The Hircanian zone had a high number of alien plants, while the number in the Khaliji-O-Omanian zone was negligible. Overall, native species demonstrated significantly higher drought tolerance than alien species, but no significant difference in salinity tolerance was evident.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>We show that an ANN can classify alien and native plants based on drought and salinity tolerance. Plant family traits, crop type, and life cycle strongly influence species classification. Native plants dominate in harsher environments, while alien species thrive in milder conditions. Understanding these differences can improve risk assessments and help prioritize harmful species, especially in the context of climate change. </p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing tea plant growth and soil microbial ecology through intercropping tea plants with Ophiopogon japonicus","authors":"Shuaibo Shao, Zhongwei Li, Xiaoxiao Ma, Jingru Cui, Yanqi Zhu, Yuanping Li, Linkun Wu, Christopher Rensing, Pumo Cai, Jianming Zhang, Qisong Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07357-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07357-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The long-term monoculture of tea plants leads to the accumulation of soil pathogens, disruption of the ecological balance of soil microbial communities. Intercropping systems, have been shown to enhance soil ecological stability. However, there is still a lack of research on the effects of the tea plant/<i>Ophiopogon japonicus</i> intercropping system on soil nutrient cycling and key microbial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A three-year field experiment was conducted to compare two treatments, monoculture and intercropping. Growth parameters such as tea plant height, canopy width, and bud number were investigated. High-throughput sequencing was used to evaluate the impact of the intercropping system on soil microbial community structure and function.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The intercropping system significantly promotes tea plant growth, with plant height, bud number, and fresh weight increasing by an average of 10.87%, 24.26%, and 23.53%, respectively. Soil organic matter content increased by an average of 23.83%. Simultaneously, the diversity and symbiotic relationships of soil microbial communities continue to strengthen, with significant enrichment observed in Proteobacteria, and Basidiomycota. Random forest modeling further indicated that intercropping enhanced the abundance of microbial taxa involved in organic matter decomposition, such as <i>Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Archaeorhizomyces</i>, consistent with significant increases in cellulase and polyphenol oxidase activities (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, the intercropping system significantly reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi such as <i>Cladosporium</i> and <i>Curvularia</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>In tea cultivation practices, intercropping tea plants with <i>O. japonicus</i> can improve the soil micro-ecology of mountain tea plantations, restore soil vitality, and promote tea plant growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological characterization of asparagus decline syndrome","authors":"Francisco Javier López-Moreno, Eloy Navarro-León, Teresa Soriano, Juan Manuel Ruiz","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07347-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07347-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Asparagus Decline Syndrome (ADS) threatens the sustainability and productivity of asparagus (<i>Asparagus officinalis</i> L.) cultivation. This study aimed to characterize the physiological responses of asparagus plants to ADS, focusing on oxidative metabolism, hormonal regulation, and phenolic compounds profiles to understand the underlying mechanisms and inform management strategies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A field trial was conducted in the south of Spain comparing asparagus plants grown in soil from a plot previously affected by the ADS with a control soil (not affected). The key parameters assessed included biomass and oxidative stress indicators, phytohormone and phenolic compounds profiles in the root and shoot, and the soil phenolic compounds.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>ADS-affected plants exhibited lower fresh and dry weight and volume, and elevated oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and H₂O₂ levels, along with enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Hormonal analysis revealed higher concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid, alongside a concurrent reduction in indoleacetic, suggesting a stress-induced response likely contributing to growth inhibition. Furthermore, the depletion of caffeic acid in roots, alterations in flavonoid profiles in shoot tissues, and increased PPO activity were observed, potentially worsening oxidative stress and depleting antioxidant reserves. Finally, ferulic acid derivatives in the soil were identified as potential allelopathic compounds.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These findings highlight the complexity of ADS and underscore the importance of integrated management strategies, including soil health management, resistant varieties selection, and targeted modulation of plant physiological responses to mitigate the impacts of ADS on asparagus production.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An evaluation of the sufficiency of natural soil seed banks to support vegetation restoration following severe soil degradation and heavy metal contamination","authors":"Ting Li, Yao Liu, Chaoyanjie Zhang, Sichen Wang, Changqun Duan","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07348-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07348-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil seed banks facilitate vegetation succession and affect the processes involved in restoring degraded land. This study investigated the dynamic characteristics of natural soil seed banks in abandoned mining areas, as well as the abiotic factors influencing seedling emergence and plant growth during ecological restoration.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We collected soil samples from various layers in mining areas abandoned for 2, 7.5, 15, and &gt; 20 years. Seedling emergence was monitored to determine the viable seed density and species composition of seed banks at different succession states. We also measured soil physicochemical properties and evaluated heavy metal resistance among different plant.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Transient seed banks had a higher seed density than persistent seed banks, and the similarity in species composition between persistent seed banks and aboveground vegetation gradually increased with succession time. There was no difference in plant metal resistance or life form from more than 20 years after recovery, while the reverse was true before this state. Soil TN, water content and pH influenced the species composition of soil seed banks, whereas soil metal concentrations had little effect.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Since the similarity between above-ground vegetation and soil seed banks is low, and plant characteristics show no significant differences in later succession, we suggest that seeding and improving soil conditions are advisable in the early succession, whereas seeding is unnecessary in the late succession. These findings deepen our understanding of the contributions of natural soil seed banks to ecological restoration and provide reference data for developing related management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143589634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A state of art review on carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling and efficient utilization in paddy fields","authors":"Zeyu Zhang, Dongxing Xie, Wenhao Teng, Feng Gu, Rui Zhang, Kui Cheng, Zhuqing Liu, Ying Zhao, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07344-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07344-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Paddy nutrients play a significant role in maintaining ecological balance and ensuring food security. However, most current research on paddy nutrients focuses on nutrient transformation mechanisms or rice absorption mechanisms, with a lack of systematic analysis of the nutrient cycling process.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Therefore, this article first introduces the cycling process of key elements (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) in paddy soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>It was found that biochemical processes such as fixation, decomposition and mineralisation promote decomposition of organic matter and affect the efficiency of soil organic carbon accumulation. Mineralisation converts organic nitrogen to ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺), and nitrification further converts ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen (NO₃^–), which is easily absorbed and utilised by plants and microorganisms, whereas denitrification, leaching, and runoff are the important pathways of nitrogen loss. The processes of adsorption, precipitation and immobilisation reduce the bioavailability of phosphorus, while desorption, solubilisation and mineralisation promote the uptake of phosphorus by rice. Secondly, the nutrient absorption mechanism of rice was reviewed. Leaves assimilate carbon dioxide and produce organic matter through photosynthesis, while the xylem and phloem of stems jointly undertake nutrient transport, and the root system absorbs nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus through the symplastic and extracellular pathways. Finally, based on the above research progress, future development trends in this field are proposed. Specifically, these include the impact of key micronutrients on nutrient cycling, the development of high precision sensor technologies, and a focus on cross-scale nutrient cycling research.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study can provide theoretical reference for further research on the efficient utilization of nutrients in paddy fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acidity impacts on microbial diversity and litter decomposition for organic soils","authors":"Catharine M. Pschenyckyj, Chris D. Evans, Liz J. Shaw, Robert I. Griffiths, Michael C. Bell, Jonathan P. Ritson, Joanna M. Clark","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07339-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07339-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations have increased in soil solutions and surface waters over the past 30 years in acid sensitive areas of Europe and Northern America. This has been linked to recovery from acidification of soils with decreasing levels of atmospheric pollution. Whilst previous research has found pH related DOC solubility is a likely driver of increased DOC concentrations in surface waters, it is unclear whether increased DOC production from organic matter decomposition, due to more favourable pH conditions for biological activity, has also contributed to the rising trends in surface waters.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim</h3><p>We investigated how acidity impacts microbial communities, the decomposition of litter types common to acid-sensitive ecosystems, and the impact on DOC production.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A decomposition study using litter bags and the Tea Bag Index was incorporated into an established acidity manipulation field experiment across two sites with contrasting acid deposition histories, and two characteristic soil types (peats and peaty podzols).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found higher rates of litter decomposition in podzol soil than peat leading to higher DOC production and aromaticity, as indicated by absorbance properties. Acidity manipulations did not influence decomposition rates for most litter types, DOC production for any litter type, Tea Bag Index parameters (stabilisation factor and decomposition rate) or microbial diversity, for any site or soil type.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our study suggests that decomposition of aboveground-collected litter does not mediate acidity effects on DOC production, whilst soil type, and physiochemical soil responses to acidity, are more influential on DOC release from organic soils.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143599909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}