Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Correction to: Organic Matter DYnamic model (OMDY) predicts the wood debris decomposition of ten Mediterranean species","authors":"Sabrina Spigno, Fabrizio Cartenì, Mohamed Idbella, Alfonso Piscitelli, Michele Staiano, Silvana Cangemi, Riccardo Spaccini, Stefano Mazzoleni, Giuliano Bonanomi, Francesco Giannino","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07260-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07260-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of an obligate CAM plant to altered precipitation and competition","authors":"Jingjing Fan, Zhengyu Wang, Chengyi Tu, Chuchen Wu, Zhenglin Lv, Ying Fan","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07288-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07288-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The abundance and distribution range of crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants have recently increased in arid and semi-arid regions, yet the underlying water utilization strategies and adaptive mechanisms remain unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Through greenhouse experiments we investigated the morphology, photosynthetic traits, and biomass allocation of CAM species <i>Orostachys fimbriata</i> under divergent precipitation and competition patterns.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that: (1) Plant height, CO₂ assimilation rate, aboveground and belowground biomass generally declined in CAM plants as precipitation decreased, but the root-to-shoot biomass (R:S) ratio increased. The total biomass of CAM plant decreased by 39.3% in mixture under 50% reduced precipitation, whereas the declines in C₃ and C₄ grasses were 84.9% and 55.1%, respectively. (2) In comparison to monoculture, CAM plants in mixtures experienced intense competition from grasses under well-watered conditions, resulting in lower height, CO₂ assimilation rate, biomass and higher R:S ratio. Conversely, grasses declined under 25% and 50% reduced precipitation, indirectly favored coexisting CAM plant growth, with no significant differences observed between CAM plants in monoculture and mixtures. (3) To cope with interspecific competition and water stress, CAM plants, by storing water, reduce height and aboveground biomass while increasing the R:S ratio.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>CAM plants were less competitively suppressed under drought, primarily when competing only with C₃ plants. Given the predicted expansion of arid regions under future climate conditions, CAM plant expansion potential may intensify. This study provides new insights into the dynamics and community succession mechanisms of CAM vegetation in drylands under global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neutral pH induces complex and stable soil microbial networks in agricultural ecosystems","authors":"Jianwei Zhang, Zhiying Guo, Jie Liu, Xianzhang Pan, Yanan Huang, Xiaodan Cui, Yuanyuan Wang, Yang Jin, Jing Sheng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07195-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07195-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Soil pH critically influences microbial community diversity and structure, characterized by intricate network interactions among community members. However, the precise relationship between soil pH and microbial network complexity and stability remains inadequately explored.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We analyzed soil samples from 246 agricultural fields spanning 107,200 km² in eastern China, employing a novel moving-window approach to examine key topological attributes of microbial networks across a pH gradient.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Neutral pH (7.0) emerged as a critical threshold for microbial network dynamics. At this pH, networks exhibited maximal complexity, characterized by peak average degree, clustering coefficient, and density. These networks demonstrated superior stability, with enhanced robustness and network cohesion. Conversely, acidic and alkaline conditions corresponded to reduced network complexity and stability, revealing a non-linear pH-network relationship. Distinctive associate clusters at phylum level suggested pH-specific community assemblages.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Neutral soil pH optimizes microbial network complexity and stability. Our findings provide empirical insights into pH-mediated microbial community organization, offering fundamental implications for understanding soil microbial ecology and ecosystem management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural vegetation restoration promotes soil quality improvement in rocky desertification areas of southwestern China","authors":"Shuhui Tan, Zhongfeng Zhang, Longwu Zhou, Ying Li, Shihong Lu, Chungui Tang, Limin Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07268-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07268-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Afforestation and natural recovery are distinct approaches to vegetation restoration that are effective in rocky desertified areas of southwestern China, reestablishing vegetation cover. However, how these strategies remediate rocky desertified soils remains unclear. We investigated <i>Delavaya toxocarpa</i> plantations (monocultures) of various ages and natural restoration vegetation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We analyzed the differences in the physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial characteristics of rocky desertification soils under different restoration strategies. We studied how soil microbial diversity and soil properties respond to increasing afforestation durations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Bulk density, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, and available potassium decreased with increasing stand age, whereas pH, soil organic carbon, and total and available nitrogen increased. Urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase activities initially increased and then decreased. Most soil indices were markedly higher under natural vegetation restoration than under plantation forests. Microbial diversity increased with standing age under artificial afforestation. The proportional distributions of predominant bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Firmicutes) differed significantly among stand ages. No significant differences were observed in structure or diversity of soil microbial communities between the natural vegetation restoration and plantation treatments for the same restoration duration (18 years). Bacterial and fungal community compositions were influenced by available phosphorus, suggesting that soil phosphorus is a limiting factor for microbial communities. Artificial afforestation in rocky desertification areas significantly increased soil microbial diversity with increasing forest age.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Natural vegetation restoration enhanced soil microbial diversity and improved nutrient content and enzyme activity in the studied rocky desertified soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of selenite on growth and symbiotic nitrogen fixation of soybean","authors":"Lei Li, Ceng Yi, Zhuqing Zhao, Huan He, Xinwei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07249-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07249-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) has the potential to enhance the yield of legume crops, particularly under low nitrogen conditions. Selenium (Se) has been demonstrated to enhance plant adaptability to the environment. In this study, the effects of selenite on the growth of soybean and SNF were investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A hydroponics experiment with four selenite concentrations (0, 0.5, 2, and 10 μM) and a soil experiment with three selenite application rates (0, 2, 5 mg kg⁻¹) were carried out. The soybean variety Zhonghuang 13 and <i>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens</i> USDA110 were utilized as experimental materials, Na₂SeO₃ used as the Se source.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The application of Se significantly promoted soybean growth and improved physiological performance. Nodule biomass increased by 36.79% and 32.65% under 10 μM and 5 mg kg⁻¹ Se treatments, respectively, compared to the CK. Nitrogenase activity was markedly improved by 313% under 10 μM Se in hydroponic conditions. Se also elevated nitrogen content in soybean plants, promoting carbohydrate accumulation and transport. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in leaves increased, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased in both roots and leaves following Se application. Metabolomics analysis revealed that Se treatment upregulated amino acid metabolism and the citrate cycle pathways in soybean roots, while downregulating the biosynthesis pathways of flavones, isoflavonoids, and flavonoids.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Selenite promotes soybean and nodule growth while enhancing SNF efficiency. Our results provide a theoretical basis for improving legume production by using Se fertilizer in the context of low nitrogen inputs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fungal community assembly was governed by deterministic selection during priming effects induced by residue addition","authors":"Xianheng Fu, Jiaxin Li, Xiaofeng Kang, Huaihai Chen, Shiqing Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07287-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07287-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Exogenous organic matter input into the soil may either expedite or postpone the soil organic matter decomposition, resulting in a beneficial or detrimental \"priming effect\" (PE), in which soil microbes have a crucial function. Notably, a succession of fungal communities were detected during PE, indicating that fungi play a substantial role in influencing PE. However, the assembly processes that shape fungal community composition during PE require further investigation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted residue decomposition experiments by adding C₄ maize straw (natural ¹³C-labelling substrates) to C₃ soil (¹³C non-enriched) that was amended for 120 days (d) to investigate the PEs dynamics associated with the succession of fungi detected by high-throughput sequencing techniques.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our outcomes demonstrated that during the initial 10 d of incubation, the addition of residue resulted in negative PE, regardless of whether N was applied or not. However, a positive PE was observed after 30 d. Nitrogen alone increased total CO₂ emissions of soil compared to the control throughout the incubation interval. The composition of the fungal community shifts from copiotrophic populations in the early stages to oligotrophic populations in the later stages during straw decomposition. Null model analyses revealed that deterministic processes (homogeneous selection) regulated fungal community composition across decomposition stages, whereas stochastic processes (homogeneous dispersal) increased with decomposition. The origin of carbon straw determines the assembly mechanisms that impact the makeup of fungal communities and, thereafter, the process of breakdown.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings suggested that the assembly processes might be associated with PE by modulating fungal community composition during straw decomposition, including a combination of stochastic and deterministic processes. A comprehensive perspective of the fungal community structure can deepen the understanding of PE under the straw amendment. </p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining waste biomass with functional microorganisms can effectively ameliorate hardened saline-alkali soil and promote plant growth","authors":"Mengmeng Zhao, Xiaoyan Zhang, Jingwen Zhang, Mingxia Zhang, Xiong Chen, Fanfan Yang, Liang Dai, Yiping Chen, Rumeng Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07270-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07270-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil salinization, a prevalent ecological issue in China and even worldwide, has resulted in soil compaction, which has emerged as a crucial barrier to agricultural economic development in northwest China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, a soil amendment (D2) was created using microorganisms capable of dissolving phosphorus, fixing nitrogen, and releasing potassium, as well as waste biomass carriers such as corn cobs, pine needles, bone meal and seashell powder, with the aim of revitalizing hardened saline-alkali soil and improving its overall quality.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The potted plant experiment verified that D2 application over 60 days notably boosted soil enzyme activity, organic matter, porosity, and water retention, while reducing soil pH and bulk density, signifying a healthier soil environment. Concurrently, it significantly promoted plant growth, increased rhizosphere microbial diversity and abundance of genes related to soil carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycling, underscoring D2's potential as a sustainable soil conditioner that significantly enhances soil environment quality.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>D2 has demonstrated excellent ability to remediate hardened saline-alkali soil, making it an environmentally friendly and sustainable alternative to traditional chemical amendments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of herb Alternanthera philoxeroides invasion on soil organic matter varied with flooding conditions in wetlands","authors":"Yan Wang, Changchao Li, Yongkang Zhao, Xiaoke Liu, Yijing Wang, Jian Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07282-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07282-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Wetlands play a crucial role in the global cycling of carbon and nitrogen, and plant invasions, as one of global change factors, often affect the structure and function of wetland ecosystems. Accordingly, this study aims to reveal the impacts of plant invasions on the carbon sequestration capacity of wetlands with different flooding conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We investigated the effects of a typical invasive plant, <i>Alternanthera philoxeroides</i>, on the carbon and nitrogen of soil organic matter (SOM) components under different flooding conditions (flooded, meaning permanently flooded; non-flooded, meaning seasonally flooded) in a constructed wetland. The associated physicochemical factors and microbial community characteristics were studied to explore the underlying mechanisms of the impacts of plant invasion on SOM.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The invasion of <i>A. philoxeroides</i> significantly increased the soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in both flooded and non-flooded habitats. Furthermore, the invasion of <i>A. philoxeroides</i> increased the carbon and nitrogen content of soil particulate organic matter (POM) and SOM in the non-flooded habitats, while there were no such differences in the flooded habitats. In addition, plant invasion had no significant effect on mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) in both flooded and non-flooded habitats, but the flooding could promote the formation of MAOM in the invaded habitats.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>In non-flooded habitats, plant invasion significantly increased SOM by increasing the carbon and nitrogen content of POM, and in flooded habitats, flooding reduced the effects of plant invasion in increasing SOM components except the soil DOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NPK-N application limits grain cadmium concentration of wheat via promoting Cd export during grain filling","authors":"Yiran Cheng, Yuanjiang He, Jia Chen, Weiping Li, Wenhui Xiang, Xing Chen, Dan Long, Jian Zeng, Yang Liu, Dongwei Wang, Dandan Wu, Lina Sha, Xing Fan, Haiqin Zhang, Houyang Kang, Yonghong Zhou, Yong Ren, Yi Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07277-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07277-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Wheat easily absorbs Cadmium (Cd) from soils and accumulates in its grains. Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management has been used to limit grain Cd concentrations in wheat, but the effects of compound fertilizers (NPK-N) are unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here, three years’ of field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of NPK-N on grain Cd concentration and yield of 50 wheat cultivars. A high-Cd accumulating cultivar Chuanmai 68 (CM68) and a low-Cd accumulating Mianmai 902 (MM902) were further used to reveal the physiological and molecular mechanisms of the Cd transport pathway.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that NPK-N application significantly reduced grain Cd accumulation in all 50 wheat cultivars compared to amide N fertilize (urea-N) application. MM902 showed lower Cd uptake before anthesis, higher Cd export from plant during grain filling, and lower grain Cd concentration than CM68. Meanwhile, NPK-N application significantly reduced grain Cd concentration in CM68 (39.70%) and MM902 (35.12%), as well as Cd uptake, but promoted Cd export compared to urea-N. Besides, the expression levels of <i>TaIRT1</i> (Iron Regulated Transporter 1) and <i>TaCCX2</i> (Cation/Ca Exchanger 2) were associated with Cd uptake and export, respectively. Overexpression of <i>TaIRT1</i> increased Cd uptake and grain Cd concentration in rice.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study showed that NPK-N application can limit grain Cd concentration and increase grain yield of wheat. The different grain Cd concentrations between CM68 and MM902 are mainly results from the different Cd uptake before anthesis and Cd export during grain filling. The results provide a theoretical basis for safe and high-quality wheat production by NPK-N application.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"208 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria in subalpine forests of western Sichuan","authors":"Li Zhang, Su Chen, Zebin Jiao, Sining Liu, Wenlan Huang, Lulu Huang, Liyun Yu, Lixia Wang, Bo Tan, Hongwei Xu, Lin Xu, Chengming You, Zhenfeng Xu, Jiao Li, Han Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07271-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07271-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The composition and structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities in subalpine forest ecosystems may vary depending on different forest types and seasonal variations, thus having important implications for soil nitrogen (N) cycling.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using <i>Abies fargesii</i> var. <i>faxoniana</i> (coniferous forests, CF), <i>Betula albosinensis</i> (broad-leaved forests, BF), and mixed forests of <i>A</i>. <i>fargesii</i> var<i>. faxoniana</i> and <i>B. albosinensis sinensis</i> (mixed forests, MF) in western Sichuan as our objects. The <i>amoA</i> gene abundance and community characteristics of soil AOA and AOB were studied.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Among the three forest types, the AOB gene abundance and diversity index were generally higher than those of AOA. Forest types influenced the AOA gene abundance and the AOB community richness index. In contrast, the AOB gene abundance and AOA and AOB community diversity index were influenced by the main effect of the sampling season. Additionally, two-year average data indicated that in mixed forests, the AOA gene abundance and diversity index and the AOB community richness index were significantly higher in October than in May. Furthermore, the composition of AOA and AOB communities varies among forest types, mainly influenced by pH, ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) concentration, moisture, and soil phosphorus (P).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In subalpine forests, soil ammonia oxidation processes may be dominated by AOB. The AOA and AOB gene abundance and community structure differed among forest types and showed significant seasonal variations. These discoveries underscore the sensitive responsiveness of soil microorganisms in subalpine forests to changes in seasons and environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}