Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Soil compaction reduces the yield potential of densely planted maize (Zea mays L.) by disrupting root and shoot growth coordination","authors":"Zhuohan Gao, Lu Liang, Xinbing Wang, Wenchao Zhen, Zaisong Ding, Congfeng Li, Zheng Liu, Ming Zhao, Zhigang Wang, Baoyuan Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07272-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07272-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Increasing planting density is a management option to improve maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) yield; however, soil compaction poses a challenge to this practice by adversely affecting maize growth. This study aimed to understand the physiological processes related to limitations in yield potential of densely planted maize from soil compaction.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A two-year field experiment was conducted with two planting densities (low density—LD, high density—HD) and three soil compactions (no compaction—NC, 1.30 g cm⁻³, moderate compaction—MC, 1.45 g cm⁻³, and heavy compaction—HC, 1.60 g cm⁻³). Yield, root and shoot growth traits were measured during the maize growing season.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared to LD, HD increased maize yield by 22.4–29.1%, 17.2–24.5%, and 10.6–12.3% under NC, MC, and HC condition, respectively. Yield benefits obtained from HD were diminished by compaction through inhibiting root and shoot growth. Compaction stress reduced root length, root surface area, and root dry weight, as well as root dehydrogenase activity and absorption capacity, and then negatively influenced photosynthetic parameters and dry matter accumulation, more severely in HD than in LD. Moreover, root growth indices declined more rapidly than shoot growth with increasing compaction, particularly under HD, leading to a reduced root/shoot ratio.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Soil compaction impacts maize root and shoot growth differently depending on planting density. Root growth was more sensitive to compaction stress than shoot growth under HD, which constrained yield potential of densely planted maize. Therefore, addressing soil compaction is essential for improving maize yields at high planting densities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exopolysaccharides in biological soil crusts are important contributors to carbon and nutrient storage after the restoration of inland sand dunes","authors":"Karolina Chowaniec, Szymon Zubek, Kaja Skubała","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07258-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07258-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Inland sand dunes in a temperate climate constitute challenging environments for plant colonization. Organisms forming biological soil crusts (BSCs) secrete exopolysaccharides (EPS), which are key for soil aggregation and water/nutrient accumulation. We aimed to estimate the contribution of EPS excreted by BSCs to total organic carbon (TOC) and cationic nutrient accumulation and the contribution of photoautotrophs to C fixation and production of EPS in the succession process of inland dunes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We quantified EPS, TOC, exchangeable K, and Ca concentrations, and photosynthetic biomass in BSCs collected from three successional stages after the restoration of inland dunes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our study showed that C originated from EPS contributed mostly to TOC accumulated in BSC in the initial succession stage, however, this contribution was lower than observed in BSCs from arid climates. EPS content increased with BSC development, which was facilitated by photoautotrophs, yet participation of heterotrophs in EPS secretion cannot be excluded. Glycocalyx EPS fraction dominated and contributed to nutrient enrichment in BSCs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results contribute to a deeper understanding of the importance of BSC in the accumulation of organic carbon and nutrients. This may prove useful in the restoration aimed at maintaining the specific vegetation of temperate inland dune ecosystems. Locally dispersed mechanical disturbances of biocrusts should be applied already in the initial stages of succession to maintain the aeolian activity and prevent accumulation of carbon and nutrients caused by the development of BSC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure and assembly of fungal communities in the phyllosphere and endosphere of healthy and diseased faba bean plants","authors":"Juan Li, Lu Hou, Yujiao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07255-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07255-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Leaf-associated microorganisms are intimately related to plant diseases. The majority of faba bean leaf diseases are induced by fungal communities. Nevertheless, limited studies have been presented on the structure and assembly of the fungal communities in faba bean plants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study investigated the structure and assembly of the fungal communities in the phyllosphere and endosphere of healthy and diseased five germplasm resource faba bean plants with ITS amplicons using the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The fungal community in both phyllosphere and endosphere samples, as well as healthy and diseased, displayed significant distinctions. Additionally, substantial variations were identified in the fungal communities of different germplasm resources and the degrees of illness of phyllosphere and endosphere samples. Distinct differences were also found in the species richness of phyllosphere and endosphere samples among different illness degrees. The Mortierellomycota was the predominant phylum in the healthy samples. The dominated genus of diseased samples were <i>Vishniacozyma</i> and <i>Cystofilobasidium.</i> The <i>Apiotrichum</i> was significantly enriched in healthy endosphere samples. The network structure of the healthy phyllosphere samples was more sophisticated and stable, with the genus <i>Ganoderma</i> being the core fungal taxa within the healthy phyllosphere samples. The deterministic processes dominated the assembly of healthy samples fungal communities, whereas stochastic processes mainly influenced the assembly of fungal communities in the diseased phyllosphere samples.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, this research contributes to understand the correlation between leaf microbiota and hosts, and provides theoretical support for the healthy plant growth and disease prevention of faba beans.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant carbon allocation, soil carbon and nutrient condition, and microbial community jointly regulate microbial biomass carbon accumulation","authors":"Huijuan Xia, Youchao Chen, Zhi Yu, Xiaomin Zeng, Shuwei Yin, Xinshuai Li, Kerong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07261-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07261-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) has a significant contribution to soil carbon (C) pool. It has been suggested that plant input, soil C and nutrient condition, and microbial characteristic play crucial roles in MBC accumulation. However, the primary driver of MBC accumulation remains uncertain.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a greenhouse ¹³CO₂ labelling experiment by planting three pioneer species (<i>Pinus tabuliformis</i>, <i>Betula platyphylla</i>, <i>Populus purdomii</i>) in soils collected from three different depths, i.e., top-soil (0–10 cm), mid-soil (10–30 cm), and deep-soil (30–100 cm).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that MB¹³C positively correlated with plant aboveground and belowground ¹³C. The effects of plant ¹³C on MBC accumulation were mainly mediated by fungal diversity and composition. Specifically, mycorrhizal fungi (e.g., <i>Peziza</i>) and toxigenic genera (e.g., <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Penicillium</i>) were identified as crucial fungal taxa. Notably, plant ¹³C allocation (aboveground ¹³C, belowground ¹³C, proportion of aboveground ¹³C, and proportion of belowground ¹³C) explained a larger proportion (17.50%) of MB¹³C variation among treatments than did soil available phosphorus contents and microbial community structure (fungal diversity and composition) (1.98%).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our study suggests that plant inputs are major determinants of soil C storage, as plant C allocation was identified as the primary driver of MBC accumulation. Given the different roles of fungi and bacteria, separating fungal and bacterial biomass C can refine our understanding of MBC accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating soil–root interactions and mucilage secretion under varying soil mechanical resistance in maize cultivars","authors":"Ehsan Ghezelbash, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi, Mahdi Shorafa","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07263-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07263-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aim</h3><p>This study explores how variations in soil mechanical resistance (SMR) impact two maize cultivars, 703 and 704, with a specific focus on root mucilage secretion and associated plant responses. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing crop growth in soils with varying compaction levels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>SMR was systematically manipulated through soil compaction at five different bulk density levels (1.56, 1.6, 1.66, 1.69, and 1.71 Mg m⁻³) and through cementation in loamy sandy soil while keeping the matric potential constant. This approach allowed for a controlled analysis of how increased soil resistance influences maize root development and physiological responses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Increased SMR resulted in increased mucilage exudation, which initially seemed to mitigate resistance to root penetration. However, when the SMR reached specific thresholds (bulk density &gt; 1.6 Mg m⁻³ or SMR &gt; 1.8 MPa), root water uptake was significantly reduced beyond this point. Additionally, soil cementation consistently impedes plant growth. A significant correlation was observed between SMR, mucilage exudation, and total root water uptake (TRWU), suggesting that mucilage secretion plays a critical role in managing root interactions with compacted soils.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study did not identify a specific SMR threshold at which plant responses abruptly change. Instead, mucilage exudation metrics may serve as indicators of critical SMR limits. Analyzing the properties of root mucilage provides valuable insights into SMR thresholds, offering potential strategies for improving crop resilience under varying soil conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The molecular mechanism for improvement of coastal silt soil by the intercropping model of Suaeda glauca (Bunge) Bunge and Sesbania cannabina (Retz.) Pers","authors":"Xiaochi An, Ying Li, Yinhua Cao, Zaifeng Wang, Min Xu, Bin Lian","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07262-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07262-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The eastern coastal regions of China, which are undergoing rapid economic development, are characterized by extensive areas of coastal silt soil (CSS) with poor permeability, high salinity, and nutrient scarcity, necessitating immediate remediation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Based on the intercropping pattern of <i>Suaeda glauca</i> (Bunge) Bunge and <i>Sesbania cannabina</i> (Retz.) Pers., the molecular mechanism of this intercropping pattern on the CSS improvement, and the rhizosphere microbial community adaptability of the two intercropping plants, were researched by means of metagenomics analysis, soil physicochemical properties, plant growth status.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results demonstrated that the improvement of soil salinity and alkalinity was positively correlated with the growth of <i>S. glauca</i>. Conversely, the growth of <i>S. cannabina</i>, was positively correlated with the significant increase in the contents of soil TN and TOC. Metagenomic analysis indicated that the rhizosphere of <i>S. cannabina</i> intercropped with <i>S. glauca</i> was enriched with bacteria related to nitrogen-cycle, which could assist biological nitrogen-fixation, thereby enhancing soil fertility and also promoting the growth of <i>S. glauca</i>; moreover, the two-component system in the rhizosphere microbial community of <i>S. cannabina</i> was enhanced to adapt better to saline-alkali stress. Due to the characteristics of salt-accumulation, the rhizosphere microenvironment of <i>S. glauca</i> was highly saline, and its rhizosphere microorganisms mainly resisted, and adapted to, the high-salt environment by promoting carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study confirms that intercropping <i>S. glauca</i> with <i>S. cannabina</i> is an effective strategy for improvement of saline-alkali soil, providing a new method for management and sustainable development of CSS.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic plasticity and integration synergistically enhance plant adaptability to flooding and nitrogen stresses","authors":"Jun Yang, Zhenxing Zhou, Wanyu Qi, Xianlei Gao, Yue Wang, Xiangtao Wang, Xuemei Yi, Maohua Ma, Shengjun Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07230-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07230-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Plants respond to stress gradients by modifying various aspects of their morphology, physiology, architecture, allocation and mycorrhizal fungi. Yet, understanding how plants adapt to resource stress requires a comprehensive, integrated perspective that considers not only the consistency and variability of individual trait adjustments, but also the interplay between two key mechanisms: phenotypic plasticity (the direction and magnitude of trait adjustment) and phenotypic integration (the degree and pattern of trait covariation). Despite their importance, the coordination of these mechanisms in driving adaptive responses remains poorly understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>To address these gaps, we measured the adjustment of 27 above- and below-ground traits across three dominant species (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i>, <i>Xanthium strumarium</i>, and <i>Bidens tripartita</i>), and explored trait networks, and the relationship between phenotypic plasticity and phenotypic integration in response to flooding and/or nitrogen in riparian habitats on the Three Gorges Reservoir area, China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results show that both flooding and nitrogen stress induced shifts in species traits towards more acquisitive strategy, characterized by larger leaves, higher leaf nutrient concentrations, finer roots, larger specific root lengths, greater branching intensity, and elevated carboxylate concentrations. Flooding altered the hub trait with the highest centrality in the trait network from root branching intensity to leaf phosphorus content, while nitrogen stress shifted the hub trait from leaf area to root phosphorus content. Furthermore, a positive correlation was observed between phenotypic plasticity and integration, indicating that higher plasticity of functional traits facilitated better integration with other traits under flooding and nitrogen stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that plants exhibit more acquisitive traits in habitats experiencing flooding and/or nitrogen stress. Furthermore, a comprehensive assessment of phenotypic plasticity and its integration under compound stresses underscores the critical role of synergies between plasticity and integration in enhancing plant adaptability to environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143258375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting fungal community assembly mechanisms in bulk soil and rhizosphere of Torreya grandis across a 900-year age gradient","authors":"Bin Wang, Xiaofan Na, Shengyi Huang, Zhengcai Li, Zhichun Zhou, Juying Huang, Meiyun Pu, Zhenyu Cheng, Xiaoqi He","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07259-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07259-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil microbial communities, including fungi, play a pivotal role in the sustainability of forest ecosystems, yet the ecological processes driving their assembly with forest development remain elusive. This study aims to investigate the variations in the assembly mechanism of soil fungal communities with the development of <i>Torreya grandis</i> forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>Barcode sequencing was conducted to identify and characterize the fungal community in both bulk soil and the rhizosphere of <i>T. grandis</i> along a chronosequence spanning 900 years in a subtropical forest. The total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of plant tissues, as well as major abiotic properties of the bulk soils, were determined simultaneously.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our findings reveal that fungal community composition, rather than alpha diversity, changes with stand development, independent of shifts in plant and soil properties. As stands develop, saprotrophic fungi become enriched and fungal co-occurrence networks simplify, particularly in the bulk soil, indicating a soil environment with reduced competitive pressure for niches among fungal populations. Fungal community assembly in bulk soils is governed by dispersal limitation, whereas that of the rhizospheric assemblage transitions from dispersal limitation to homogeneous selection as stands develop. Notably, the genus <i>Talaromyces</i>, known for its biocontrol and plant-growth promotion capabilities, dominates the ecological process transition in the rhizosphere of <i>T. grandis</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results propose a host-mediated deterministic selection of beneficial fungal populations in the rhizosphere as stands develop, supporting the health and ecological sustainability of ancient forest ecosystems in subtropical areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of root systems on soil macropore abundance and soil infiltration capacity","authors":"Yuanyuan Qu, Qinxuan Wu, Farhat Ullah Khan, Junfeng Wang, Xiuzi Ren, Xiaohong Chai, Xuexuan Xu, Feng Du","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07237-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07237-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil infiltration influences the amount of precipitation entering the soil, which is particularly important in water-limited regions. Investigating the impact of root decay on soil porosity and infiltration rates is essential.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>Natural grassland underwent a five-year film mulching treatment to suppress plant root growth, named grassland under film mulching (GFM). Simultaneously, natural recovery grassland (NRG) and farmland (FL) were selected for conducting in-situ infiltration experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The diameter of roots significantly influences the formation of soil macropores (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In the NRG soil layer less than 20 cm deep, the effective macroporosity with ø &gt; 3 mm is significantly higher compared to other sites (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), which leads to enhanced infiltration capability. Upon reaching a soil depth of 20 cm, the stable infiltration rate of FL was 2.00 mm/min, showing no significant change with further increases in soil depth. The stable infiltration rate of GFM is measured at 6.95 mm/min, which is 5.7 times higher than that of NRG. The effective macroporosity of GFM (ø &gt; 3 mm) increased by 20.6 times, with macropore connectivity reaching 20.79%, meanwhile that the effective macroporosity of NRG (ø &gt; 3 mm) decreased by 93.67%.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Although live roots contribute to the formation of macropores and infiltration capacity, the long and continuous biogenic macropores formed after root decay have a more pronounced effect on enhancing soil water infiltration capacity. This research endeavors to serve as a reference material for exploring the impact of grassland vegetation restoration on macropores and groundwater circulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143192593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of charcoal and tree species on forest Podzol development after fire disturbance","authors":"Thi Hong Van Tran, Bartłomiej Woś, Tomasz Wanic, Marcin Pietrzykowski, Agnieszka Józefowska","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07264-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07264-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Charcoal and tree species are key factors influencing forest soil development after fire disturbance. Podzolization affects nutrient availability and soil fertility through translocation of organic matter and metals. This study investigates the impact of charcoal on the podzolization and examines effects of different tree species on soil properties in post-fire sites, while evaluating the effectiveness of different soil classification systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Research plots were established in pure stands of Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.), European larch (<i>Larix decidua</i> Mill.), silver birch (<i>Betula pendula</i> Roth), and pedunculate oak (<i>Quercus robur</i> L.) in two variants: with and without charcoal removal after fire. Soil morphological features were described, and samples were analyzed for physical and chemical properties. Soils were classified using USDA Soil Taxonomy, World Reference Base, and Polish Soil Classification systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Charcoal presence significantly influenced soil development, resulting in thicker surface (A and AE) horizons, higher carbon content in spodic horizons, distinct patterns of iron mobilization. Tree species exhibited varying effects: oak stands developed pronounced eluvial horizons, birch profiles showed strong iron accumulation in spodic horizons, larch stands exhibited unique redoximorphic features in charcoal-absent conditions. The classification systems showed complementary strengths in capturing these differences, particularly in profiles with groundwater influence.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Charcoal presence and tree species significantly influence podzol development in post-fire forest soils through effects on organic matter accumulation, iron mobilization, and horizon differentiation. The complementary use of different classification systems provides insights into soil development patterns, contributing to our understanding of post-fire forest soil processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143125146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}