Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Evolutionary history of mixed tree species improved soil nutrient content of Pinus massoniana plantation","authors":"Chengjun Yang, Panmei Jiang, Zhuangzhuang Qian, Jinyan Sun, Tonggui Wu, Zhangqi Yang, Yue Sun, Xingzhao Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07197-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07197-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Mixed planting enhances forest productivity and soil nutrient content, crucial for maintaining forest ecosystem stability and promoting sustainable forest management. While phylogeny is directly related to plants, it remains to be verified whether it will have an effect on soil nutrient content.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here, we attempted to explain the relationship between soil nutrient content in <i>Pinus massoniana</i> mixed forests and the evolutionary history of tree species from the perspective of phylogenetic constraints. We complied a dataset consisting of 572 field measurements, including soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus, from <i>Pinus massoniana</i> mixed forests with different species, covering 15 families, 26 genera, and 34 species. This dataset aims to explore the trends in soil nutrient content changes and their phylogenetic signals, while also quantifying the relative importance of environmental factors and divergence time in modifying soil nutrient content.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results indicated that the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus in <i>Pinus massoniana</i> mixed forests exhibited positive phylogenetic signals. Tree species positioned further apart on the phylogenetic tree showed more pronounced increase in soil nutrient contents. Relative analysis indicates that divergence time, like environmental factors, significantly contributes to the enhancement of soil nutrients in <i>Pinus massoniana</i> mixed forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study provided valuable insights for the efficient establishment and application of mixed forests and serves as a theoretical basis for the selection of tree species in mixed planting.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translocation coefficients of heavy metals in the soil-rice system and their environmental implication","authors":"Cheng Wang, Minqi Shi, Jianhua Wang, Cong Zhong, Yanping Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07010-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07010-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background, aims and methods</h3><p>Investigating and quantifying the transfer of heavy metals from soil to rice plants under different environmental conditions is crucial. This study explores the characteristics of heavy metals transfer within soil-rice system and the environmental implications of translocation coefficients (TCs) through analysis of data from major rice-growing regions in Asia.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The translocation patterns of different heavy metals demonstrate variability, varying across geographical areas. For instance, As and Cd show high transfer propensity from soil to roots (average TCs: 3.71 for As and 3.63 for Cd), but their subsequent retranslocation to straw is substantially constrained, with average TC_straw/root and TC_grain/straw values dramatically decreasing (0.18 for As and ≤ 0.45 for Cd). Rice plants effectively regulate the transport Cu and Zn from roots to aerial tissues: TC of Cu decreases from 0.87 (TC_root/soil) to 0.27 (TC_straw/root), then increased to 0.78 (TC_grain/straw); for Zn, TC_root/soil, TC_straw/root and TC_grain/straw are 0.74, 0.65 and 0.63, respectively. Cluster analysis reveals distinct translocation patterns, with elements like Pb in the Yangtze River Delta showing a “parabola” transfer pattern, characterized by anomalously high TC_straw/root, along with Cr, Ni and Hg.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The sketched pattern generated by TCs exhibits available implication for environment condition. The abnormal translocation patterns observed for Pb, Cr, Ni and Hg suggest that these elements in rice aerial tissues may originate from atmospheric sources, influenced possibly by historical Pb-containing petrol use or non-ferrous mining activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rooting for microbes: impact of root architecture on the microbial community and function in top- and subsoil","authors":"Adrian Lattacher, Samuel Le Gall, Youri Rothfuss, Chao Gao, Moritz Harings, Holger Pagel, Mona Giraud, Samir Alahmad, Lee T. Hickey, Ellen Kandeler, Christian Poll","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07181-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07181-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Climate change and associated weather extremes pose major challenges to agricultural food production, necessitating the development of more resilient agricultural systems. Adapting cropping systems to cope with extreme environmental conditions is a critical challenge. This study investigates the influence of contrasting root system architectures on microbial communities and functions in top- and subsoil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A column experiment was performed to investigate the effects of different root architectures, specifically deep (DRS) and shallow (SRS) root systems of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) on microbial biomass, major microbial groups, and extracellular enzyme activities in soil. We focused on β-glucosidase (BG) activity, which is an indicator for microbial activity, during different plant growth stages, using destructive and non-destructive approaches.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that the DRS promoted microbial biomass and enzyme activity in subsoil, while the SRS increased the microbial biomass and enzyme activity in topsoil. <i>In-situ</i> soil zymography provided fine-scale spatial insights, highlighting distinct patterns of BG activity near root centers and formation of enzyme activity hotspots, which were defined as regions where enzyme activity exceeds the mean activity level by 50%. Temporal changes in BG activity further underscored the dynamic nature of root-microbe interactions. Extracellular enzyme activities indicated varying carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition strategies of rhizosphere microorganisms between top- and subsoil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study underscores the need to consider root system architecture in agricultural strategies, as it plays a crucial role in influencing microbial communities and enzyme activities, ultimately affecting carbon and nutrient cycling processes in top- and subsoil.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential of seed inoculation with microbial consortia to mitigate drought stress in maize plants under greenhouse conditions","authors":"Bunlong Yim, Marie Amelie Heider, Elke Bloem, Doris Vetterlein, Jan Helge Behr, Doreen Babin, Kornelia Smalla","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07110-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07110-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Plant-beneficial microbes may attenuate climate change-induced stresses on plants such as drought. We investigated the potential of beneficial microbial consortia (BMc) on plant growth and rhizosphere bacterial/archaeal community under drought.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Seeds of <i>Zea mays</i> B73 were inoculated with six plant-beneficial bacterial isolates either alone or combined in two three-member consortia (BMc1, BMc2) before sowing in loamy or sandy substrates in the greenhouse. A known effective consortium (BMc3) was included as positive control. Drought treatment was established with the BMc treatments by omitting watering in the last of the five weeks growth period. The maize growth in single and BMc treatments was determined. Colony-forming units (CFUs) of inoculants were evaluated by selective plating, and effects of BMc treatments on the native rhizosphere bacterial/archaeal community were assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of basal root and root tip rhizosphere of plants grown in loam.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In both substrates and water conditions, CFUs of single and BMc inoculations were higher at rhizosphere basal roots than root tips. Under well-watered conditions, seed inoculation with a single bacterial isolate had no effect on maize growth in both substrates. BMc treatment resulted in higher shoot (but not root) growth compared to non-inoculated controls in both water conditions in loam. The root zone was the most important driver for bacterial/archaeal beta-diversity, followed by water conditions, while BMc treatments showed no effect.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our study suggests that BMc seed inoculation has the potential to attenuate drought stress during maize growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic amendments with low C/N ratios enhanced the deposition of crop root exudates into stable soil organic carbon in a sodic soil","authors":"Jingwang Li, Lin Chen, Congzhi Zhang, Changdong Han, Biao Feng, Donghao Ma, Guixiang Zhou, Jiabao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07170-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07170-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Numerous studies have demonstrated the enhancement effects of organic amendment additions on soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation in agroecosystems. However, the effects of different organic amendment types on stable SOC formation through belowground inputs remain poorly understood, especially under stress conditions. This study aims to investigate the effects of three organic amendment types, namely lignin- (LDA), humus- (HDA), and vetch-derived (VDA) organic amendments, on the transformation process of ¹³C-rhizodeposits into SOC in sodic soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p><i>Sorghum bicolor L.</i> was used in the experiments, and labelled using ¹³C-CO₂ for seven days after 75 days growing in a closed glass chamber.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results showed that the nitrogen (N) compounds in the organic amendments accounted for 0%, 6.21%, and 11.37% of the LDA, HDA, and VDA, respectively. Organic amendments with low C/N ratios (HDA and VDA) enhanced the transformation of ¹³C-rhizodeposits into SOC, particularly into mineral-associated carbon (¹³C-MAOC). In addition, HDA and VDA substantially decreased the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and increased the soil nutrient contents (e.g., total N and total phosphorus) compared with LDA, providing more favorable environmental conditions for both the crop and rhizosphere microbial growth. These effects, consequently, enhanced the deposition of the crop root exudates into ¹³C-MAOC in the sodic soil. Furthermore, compared with LDA, HDA and VDA enriched beneficial bacteria (e.g., Bacillaceae and Vermamoebidae) and inhibited pathogenic bacteria (Burkholderiaceae) through potential cross-trophic interactions, promoting crop growth and enhancing the production of root exudate deposition into ¹³C-MAOC.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Organic amendments with low C/N ratios enhanced the conversion of ¹³C-rhizodeposits into ¹³C-MAOC, by providing more favorable envrionmental conditions and enriching beneficial bacteria for plants. Our study provides a novel approach to selecting organic amendments with suitable and effective chemical structures to promote stable SOC formation through belowground inputs, especially under sodic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phosphorus-solubilizing Trichoderma strains: mechanisms to promote soybean growth and support sustainable agroecosystems","authors":"Rodrigo Mattos Silva Galeano, Ana Lorena de Oliveira Simas, João Victor Souza Ribeiro, Nelciele Cavalieri de Alencar Guimarães, Thianny Fernanda Carrelo Viana, Douglas Chodi Masui, Bianca Obes Corrêa, Giovana Cristina Giannesi, Sebastião Ferreira de Lima, Marivaine da Silva Brasil, Fabiana Fonseca Zanoelo","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07147-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07147-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Brazilian Cerrado soils have low phosphorus content, leading many farmers to frequently apply fertilizers. With respect to this, <i>Trichoderma</i> are fungi with traits that can improve the fertility and health of the soil and promote plant growth. In this study, native strains of <i>Trichoderma</i> (<i>T. viride</i> GT-8, <i>T. reesei</i> GT-31, and <i>T. longibrachiatum</i> GT-32) from the Brazilian Cerrado were characterized. The impact of their inoculation on soybean growth and grain yield was also assessed under two phosphate fertilization conditions: 400 and 200 kg ha⁻¹ of simple superphosphate (SPP). Two independent field experiments were conducted with the cultivars Nidera NS6601 IPRO and DM 69IX60RSF 12X RR2PRO. Leaf and rhizospheric soil samples were collected for biochemical analyses.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The strains showed phosphate solubilization from fertilizers and exhibited other PGP traits. Inoculation of GT-32 on cv. Nidera NS6601 resulted in a 4.5% increase in grain yield under 200 kg ha⁻¹ of SPP. For the second cultivar, the use of GT-31 and GT-32 at 200 kg ha⁻¹ of SSP resulted in grain yield increases of 22.7% and 18.6%, respectively. Inoculated plants showed higher shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant responses under both fertilization conditions. Furthermore, enzymatic activities were higher in the rhizospheric soil of plants inoculated with GT-31 and GT-32 strains.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These findings demonstrated the potential of the GT-31 and GT-32 strains to improve soybean growth and yield with reduced fertilizer use. Additionally, their use could offer a sustainable strategy for enhancing soil health and fertility in Brazilian Cerrado soils.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveals the response mechanisms of soybean to aluminum toxicity","authors":"Huiwen Zhou, Lanhua Wu, Ruikai Wang, Can Wang, Mengge Xu, Yan Zhang, Yingpei Song, Yang Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07151-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07151-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Exchangeable aluminum (Al) released from acidic soil (pH &lt; 5.5) inhibits root elongation and reduces crop yield. This study aimed to explore the possible mechanism of soybean response to Al toxicity stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>An integrated analysis of transcriptome and metabolome was applied to compare Al-tolerant (NN99-6) and Al-sensitive (ZD32) soybean germplasms in response to Al toxicity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The root growth of NN99-6 genotype was less inhibited under Al toxicity compared to ZD32 genotype. Following a three-day Al toxicity treatment, both the relative primary root elongation and relative total root length were greater in NN99-6 than in ZD32. Transcriptome analysis identified 2555 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NN99-6 and 2577 DEGs in ZD32, respectively. 140 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in NN99-6 and 161 DEMs in ZD32 were respectively detected by metabolome analysis. Based on the integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis, DEGs and DEMs were primarily enriched in lignin and aldarate biosynthesis, isoflavonoid biosynthesis, ASA-GSH and SAM cycle. Compared to ZD32, most DEGs and DEMs were mainly up-regulated in NN99-6. The proposed model showed that the high expression level of DEGs and DEMs in enriched pathways may benefit the synthesis and repair of the cell wall and improve the antoxidation in NN99-6, ultimately alleviating Al toxicity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study offers an effective strategy to explore DEGs and DEMs in response to Al toxicity, clarifying the mechanism of Al toxicity resistance by improving the synthesis and repair of cell wall and antoxidation in soybean.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organic matter DYnamic model (OMDY) predicts the wood debris decomposition of ten Mediterranean species","authors":"Sabrina Spigno, Fabrizio Cartenì, Mohamed Idbella, Alfonso Piscitelli, Michele Staiano, Silvana Cangemi, Riccardo Spaccini, Stefano Mazzoleni, Giuliano Bonanomi, Francesco Giannino","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07143-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07143-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Backgrounds and Aims</h3><p>Forest litter is mainly composed by leaves, roots and wood debris (WD) residues. WD decomposition in Mediterranean ecosystems has received less attention compared to other materials and to boreal, tropical and temperate biomes. The OMDY model describes organic matter decomposition using ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The mass loss and the ¹³C NMR of ten mediterranean wood and shrub species were monitored for a long-term (5 years) experiment. The regularized generalized regression LASSO was used to select the NMR spectra regions more predictable for the WD decomposition. The OMDY model was applied to simulate the long-term decomposition experiment of ten mediterranean wood and shrub species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>WD species, chemical composition and decomposition time significantly influenced the dynamics of the remaining mass during the decomposition. The NMR analysis revealed an increase in alkyl C and carbonyl C while a decrease in di-O-alkyl C and O-alkyl C. <i>Pistacia lentiscus</i> L<i>.</i> showed the highest decomposition, with a O-alkyl C declining and alkyl C rising. <i>Erica arborea</i> L. decomposed less, showing smaller decreases in O-alkyl C, lower alkyl C accumulation. The LASSO method identified three chemical regions as crucial for WD decomposition. The OMDY model, using as input these NMR molecular regions, demonstrated a high capacity to describe long-term WD decomposition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The model is adaptable to describe the decomposition of wood. The results show that the model is general, as NMR can describe different materials' spectra and ordinary differential equations predict their reduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological, metabolomic, morphological and root system architecture acclimation responses to drought in the African orphan millet white fonio (Digitaria exilis)","authors":"Roshan Pudasaini, Joy Amyotte, Dylan J. L. Brettingham, Manish N. Raizada","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07159-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07159-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>White fonio is an ancient West African orphan millet crop. As one of the world’s fastest-maturing cereals, it helps smallholders mitigate mid-season hunger. There are no reported studies on drought acclimation responses in fonio to identify traits that can enable breeding for climate change adaptation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Here, two white fonio accessions from wetter (Guinea) and dryer (Mali) environments were grown indoors under three moisture levels in replicated trials. Physiological, morphological and metabolomic phenotyping was undertaken, including root system architecture analysis, culminating in measuring ~ 27,000 root hairs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Fonio responded to drought by dramatically upregulating glycine- and alanine-betaine leaf concentrations. Both accessions exhibited increased root:shoot ratio and leaf angle, but reduced shoot branching, leaf width, transpiration, and stomatal conductance. Grain yield most positively correlated with SPAD chlorophyll. Lower grain fill was observed in the Guinea accession, while the Mali accession showed a surprising increase in the harvest index when exposed to extreme drought. In the Mali accession, drought resulted in fewer but longer crown roots, increased lateral root branching, and a greater density and lengthening of root hairs. In particular, leaf width, angle and SPAD were identified as cost- and time effective selection traits.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This paper has identified above- and below-ground drought acclimation traits in white fonio. These results build a foundation for future efforts to breed this crop to tolerate accelerating climate change, ultimately to assist vulnerable West African farmers.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in soil pH and nutrient stoichiometry alter the effects of litter addition on soil nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide emissions","authors":"Jing Wang, Miaomiao Cao, Uwiragiye Yves, Meiqi Chen, Yi Cheng, Zezhong Lin, Renhua Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07145-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07145-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Chinese-fir (<i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i>) clonal varieties are used to establish fast-growing plantations in subtropical China and produce litters of varying quality. Litter serves as primary sources of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) inputs to soils in forests and plays an important role in regulating soil N transformations, including N losses via nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions. However, little is known about the effects of litter addition from different Chinese-fir clones on soil N dynamics.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted an aerobic incubation experiment to investigate net rates of N mineralization (NMR) and nitrification (NNR) and N₂O emissions in soils from seven forests planted with different Chinese-fir clones as affected by litter addition at the rates of 0, 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% of dry soil weight.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Both NMR and NNR decreased linearly with increasing litter addition rate, while soil respiration and N₂O emissions exhibited the opposite, regardless of the clonal treatment. In addition, NMR and NNR, expressed as mg N per g carbon (C) applied, either decreased or increased logarithmically with increasing soil pH and C to phosphorus (P) ratio, respectively. Structural equation modeling showed that litter properties (i.e., C/N and total P content) drive NMR and NNR by influencing soil respiration, pH, and nutrient stoichiometry. However, the response of N₂O emissions to litter addition is not associated with either soil or litter properties.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings indicate that effects of adding litter from Chinese-fir clones on soil N transformations are dependent on edaphic factors, which are primarily influenced by litter quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}