Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Mycelium, root exudation and root litter promote soil organic carbon sequestration under N addition by influencing different soil carbon fractions","authors":"Huiling Wang, Hang Jing, Huizhen Ma, Chunxiao Wu, Guoliang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07833-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07833-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Belowground plant carbon (C) inputs constitute a significant source of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the relative contributions of different C input pathways to SOC accumulation under nitrogen (N) addition remain unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Using ingrowth-core technique, we assessed the contributions of mycelium, fine roots, fine roots &amp; litter to SOC under N addition, where N0, N3, N6, and N9 correspond to N addition rates of 0, 3, 6, and 9 g N m⁻² y⁻¹, respectively. Mycorrhizal colonisation, root exudation and litter C inputs, and their effects on SOC were evaluated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>(1) N addition increased the contribution of mycelium C input to occluded particulate organic carbon (o-POC), leading to a significant SOC increase of 2.99 g/kg under N9. (2) N3 enhanced the contribution of fine root C input to SOC by 2.62 g/kg relative to N0, primarily because fine roots exerted weaker negative effects on mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) under N3 than under N0. (3) Fine root &amp; litter C input substantially enhanced free-POC concentrations relative to mycelium and fine roots, contributing the most to SOC accumulation (6.27–10.86 g/kg). (4) Root exudation C input had a greater positive effect on MAOC and o-POC accumulation than root litter; extensive root extension and exudation C inputs in bulk soil may reduce free-POC, while root litter input can continue to increase free-POC.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Mycelium and root C input contributed to SOC accumulation by influencing different C fractions, with their relative contributions under N addition being closely associated with quantities of belowground C input.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response of plant-derived lignin phenols accumulation to nutrient addition depends on soil depth in a subtropical plantation","authors":"Jin He, Dong Bu, Yuan-Huang Zeng, Shui-Bo Han, Wen-Qing Li, Fu-Sheng Chen, Ying-Ying Zong, Yu-Xin Huang, Yang Zhang, Xiang-Min Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07836-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07836-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Plant-derived stable carbon is the main contributor to soil organic carbon (SOC) in forest ecosystems. However, the accumulation of plant-derived lignin phenols in the soil profile in response to nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition, as well as their driving mechanisms, remains unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The topsoil (0-20cm) and subsoil (50-70cm) were collected and divided into particulate (PF) and mineral-associated fractions (MF) after 9 years of N and P additions in a subtropical plantation. SOC functional groups, lignin phenols, fungal ITS gene abundance, community structure and function were investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The SOC-normalized lignin phenols (NLP) decreased in bulk soil (BS) and PF of topsoil, while increased in BS and MF of subsoil after P addition, suggesting P addition enhances the contribution of lignin to SOC in the subsoil but decreases it in the topsoil. P addition increased lignin degradation degree (LDD) in the topsoil but decreased it in the subsoil. Nutrient addition unaffected fungal community diversity, but Basidiomycetes and Mortierellomycota abundance in the topsoil increased after P addition. The NLP was negatively correlated with Basidiomycetes abundance in the topsoil and was positively correlated with the LDD in the subsoil, indicating that the accumulation of lignin is primarily governed by the microbial community composition in the topsoil, whereas it is dependent on the lignin molecular composition in the subsoil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results suggest that nutrient addition will have different impacts on carbon sequestration in the soil profile by altering the accumulation of plant-derived lignin phenols through distinct mechanisms in plantation forests.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable soil cadmium remediation and boosting metabolic resilience in tomato plants through synergistic action of silica-embedded biochar and Trichoderma fungi","authors":"Raja Asad Ali Khan, Afrah E. Mohammed, Muhamamd Mohsin Altaf","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07837-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07837-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose</h3><p>Cadmium (Cd) toxicity poses a significant risk to environmental health and agricultural productivity, imposing sustainable and eco-friendly management strategies. In this study, a modified biochar coupled with a microbial strain of <i>Trichoderma</i> fungus was evaluated for Cd remediation in tomato plants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A silica-embedded biochar with improved adsorption properties and porosity was synthesized and characterized using microscopic and spectroscopic methods. The biochar was coupled with a Cd-tolerant strain of <i>Trichoderma viridescens</i>, exhibiting high biosorption and Cd removal efficiency, to investigate their synergistic effects on soil Cd dynamics, metabolic responses, and growth in tomato plants under Cd stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>When applied with <i>T. viridescens</i>, the biochar exhibited a synergistic effect, outperforming their individual treatments, which was evident in decreased metal bioavailability and mobility through transformed Cd speciation in the soil. The soil amendments significantly reduced Cd accumulation in plant parts, enhanced nutrient uptake, and improved plant metabolic profiles. Plants showed 11 defined metabolites 6 amino acids, 1 sugar, 2 organic acids, and Choline) whose accumulation was increased in treated plants. Genes related to the key metabolic pathways, including ascorbic acid biosynthesis, were upregulated, along with improved photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activities. These biochemical, physiological, and metabolomics improvements increased plant tolerance to Cd stress, enhancing plant growth attributes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study underscore the importance of integrating advanced materials, such as silica-modified biochar, with bioagents for Cd remediation and offers an eco-friendly, cost-effective strategy to alleviate heavy metal toxicity and disclose possible molecular targets for improving plant resilience.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in fungal and bacterial diversity over a peanut soil moisture gradient","authors":"Laura Rodríguez Rodríguez, Morgan Bragg, Kira L. Bowen, Zachary A. Noel","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07781-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07781-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The soil microbiome is vital to plant health. Drought can affect the abundance of soil microbial communities, plant productivity, and plant health. Peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i>) is an important crop worldwide that is at risk of infection with <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> during heat and drought, which increases the risk of carcinogenic aflatoxin contamination. We hypothesized that varying soil moisture would shift microbial composition and reveal drought-adapted microbes possibly capable of competing with <i>A. flavus</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Two soils from fields with a history of peanut production were collected at Wiregrass Research and Extension Center, Headland, Alabama. The soils were placed in polyvinylchloride tubes inside a growth chamber at 29 °C. Five water regimes in a gradient from dry to wet were applied to the soils for nine weeks. They were sampled every other week, and the ITS1 for fungi and 16S rRNA gene for bacterial amplicons were sequenced to determine the effect of the moisture treatments on the microbial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Time and moisture treatments impacted both bacterial and fungal community structure and composition. Bacterial and fungal richness and evenness decreased and never fully recovered over nine weeks. Additionally, bacterial and fungal communities were also influenced by time and moisture treatments. Specifically, the bacterial phylum Actinobacteria thrived in drier treatments, while Proteobacteria were more abundant in moist treatments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>We concluded that dry moisture treatments do influence bacterial and fungal communities in peanut soils, with Actinobacteria as potential microbes of interest to support peanut growth, increase drought tolerance, and disease resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining spring wheat genotypes with contrasting root architectures modifies plant–microbe interactions under different water regimes","authors":"Adrian Lattacher, Samuel Le Gall, Youri Rothfuss, Moritz Harings, Wolfgang Armbruster, Dagmar van Dusschoten, Daniel Pflugfelder, Samir Alahmad, Lee T. Hickey, Ellen Kandeler, Christian Poll","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07759-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07759-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Improving agricultural tolerance to climate change is crucial for food security. We investigated whether combining wheat genotypes with contrasting root architecture enhances plant performance under varying conditions. Specifically, we examined how these genotype mixtures affect nitrogen uptake, carbon release and root-microbe interactions compared to single-genotype plantings.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We exposed monocultures and a mixture of shallow- and deep-rooting spring wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) genotypes separately to well-watered and water-deficit conditions in a column experiment. We determined plant and microbial biomass, major microbial groups, and β-glucosidase activity using soil zymography. Additionally, we followed carbon and nitrogen fluxes in the plant-soil-microorganism system by ¹³CO₂ labelling of the atmosphere and ¹⁵N injection into top- and subsoil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Combining wheat genotypes with contrasting root phenotypes influenced microbial activity and nutrient uptake depending on water availability. Under well-watered conditions, the mixture performed similarly to the respective monocultures. However, under water-deficit conditions, it exhibited complementary nutrient acquisition strategies where the deep-rooting genotype accessed deeper soil layers, while the shallow-rooting genotype relied more on topsoil nitrogen. This was accompanied by a reduced release of plant-derived carbon into the soil, resulting in lower microbial abundance and reduced β-glucosidase activity compared to monocultures.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results show that plants grown in a mixture performed similarly to monocultures under well-watered conditions while acquiring nutrients more efficiently under water-deficit conditions. This highlights the potential suitability of combining genotypes with contrasting root phenotypes under climate change. However, yield effects remained untested due to experimental constraints, warranting further investigation under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Belowground carbon allocation exerts a stronger influence on soil respiration than soil organic carbon content in a dry temperate grassland","authors":"János Balogh, Giulia De Luca, Krisztina Pintér, Zoltán Nagy, Péter Koncz, Gabriella Süle, Györgyi Gelybó, Levente Kardos, Dániel Cserhalmi, Györgyi Kampfl, Sándor Fekete, Szilvia Fóti","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07831-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07831-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>As the major carbon sources of soil respiration (R_s) include the soil organic carbon content (SOC) and the belowground carbon allocation, we aimed to reveal their relative effects on actual CO₂ efflux from soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We measured soil respiration and additional variables in a dry grassland site in Hungary in the same spatial grid (78 points, 0.63 ha) during 23 campaigns over nine years. We used gross primary productivity (GPP) as a proxy for belowground carbon allocation, derived from eddy-covariance measurements and downscaled to the corresponding measuring positions. To visualize the multidimensional data, principal component analysis was performed. To describe the partial effects of the measured variables, general additive models (GAMs) were fitted.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>GPP was found to be the most important predictor variable in the middle of the vegetation period and during drought periods, while soil water content (SWC) proved to be most crucial factor in the first part of the vegetation period and soil temperature (T_s) dominated in the late season. The overall relative importance of T_s, SWC, GPP and SOC in GAMs were 36.0%, 32.6%, 30.2% and 1.2%, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>GPP i.e., the resulting belowground carbon allocation was found to exert a similar influence on R_s in the models as T_s and SWC, while the significance of SOC was negligible which could be explained by the quality of SOC available to the microbes. Belowground carbon allocation could be the major driver of R_s in some phenological phases, therefore it should be incorporated in R_s models.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere microbiota modulate cadmium mobility dynamics and phytotoxicity in rice under differential Cd stress","authors":"Linxiu Cheng, Zhenling Li, Lijun Zhou, Jie Xie, Qiangqiang Zhou, Mingjun Ding, Peng Wang, Hua Zhang, Minghua Nie, Gaoxiang Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07812-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07812-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Cadmium (Cd) stress modulates root-zone biogeochemical processes that influence Cd bioavailability and microbial community structure; however, the integrated effects of these interactions on rice Cd toxicity remain poorly characterized.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study examined rhizosphere microbial community dynamics and their interactions with Cd speciation under four soil Cd concentrations: 0 (C0), 1 (C1), 5 (C2), and 20 (C3) mg·kg⁻¹.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Rice biomass decreased by 18.5% and 28.1% under C2 and C3 stress at 35 days, respectively. By 65 days, C2 plants exhibited recovery, whereas C3 plants exhibited exacerbated growth inhibition. Rhizosphere dissolved-Cd concentrations consistently exceeded those in bulk soil across all treatments and declined over time. The rhizosphere-to-bulk soil dissolved-Cd ratio progressively decreased from C0 to C2 but surged at C3, indicating rhizosphere activity alleviated Cd stress at C2 while intensifying it at C3. Accordingly, C3-grown rice accumulated 0.85–8.79 times more Cd than those in C0–C2 soils. Rhizosphere soils exhibited reduced microbial richness and diversity compared to bulk soils. Notably, the C2 rhizosphere displayed maximal microbial richness and diversity at 65 days, with narrowed differences between rhizosphere and bulk soil. Furthermore, temporal divergence in community structure revealed enhanced heterogeneity and intensified diffusion limitation by 65 days. Key biomarkers <i>Fonticella</i> and <i>Tumebacillus</i> demonstrated Cd stress-dependent functional adaptations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The rhizosphere microbial community's impact on rice health undergoes a concentration-dependent shift from protective to detrimental roles with increasing Cd stress. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into rhizosphere Cd-microbe-plant interactions under differential Cd exposure.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downward growth dynamics of Pinus thunbergii taproots and their relation to site environment in a coastal forest","authors":"Toko Tanikawa, Koh Yasue, Yosuke Matsuda, Hidetoshi Ikeno, Chikage Todo, Keitaro Yamase, Mizue Ohashi, Masako Dannoura, Toru Okamoto, Yasuhiro Hirano","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07805-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07805-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Estimating the time required for tree root systems to reach deep soils (&gt; 1 m) and elucidating the characteristics of soil properties and fungi associated with deep roots are crucial for understanding tree establishment in harsh coastal environments. This study aimed (1) to determine the downward elongation rate of <i>Pinus thunbergii</i> taproots using tree-ring analysis and (2) to explore the relationships among deep roots, deep-soil properties, and fungal associations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Annual growth rings of taproots in a coastal forest in Japan were analyzed using a cross-dating procedure. Soil physicochemical properties were assessed, and root-associated fungi in deep soils were identified by DNA sequencing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Taproot growth followed a sigmoid function; trees with a larger stem diameter at breast height (DBH) had greater total taproot depths. Taproot elongation of the tree with the largest DBH, located at a site with the coarsest gravel, did not slow even within deep gravel horizons. Fine soils in deep horizons had C and N concentrations comparable to or higher than surface horizons, and soil C:N ratios correlated positively with taproot elongation rates. DNA sequencing of fine roots revealed the presence of endophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi with potential saprotrophic functions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Taproot downward elongation dynamics appear to depend on aboveground tree characteristics and soil properties. Root detritus generated through friction with gravel likely supplies C and N to deep soils, supporting sparse saprotrophic fungi. These findings underscore the importance of deep root–soil–fungi interactions in supporting tree establishment in nutrient-poor coastal environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"104 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling peach branch waste: effects of different field return methods on soil improvement and nitrogen cycling","authors":"Bofei Cui, Huili Gao, Chenyu Liu, Chengda Gao, Mingming Chang, Xin Liu, Yueping Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07799-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07799-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>With the rapid expansion of peach cultivation in China, a substantial amount of pruned peach branch waste is generated annually. However, research on the sustainable disposal of these branch waste remains limited. This study aims to evaluate the potential of returning discarded peach branches to the field as a novel approach for resource recycling.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We evaluated the effects of three field return methods—organic fertilizer (OF), mushroom substrate (PM) and surface covering (SC)—on soil physicochemical properties. Metagenomic analysis was employed to investigate the impact of these treatments on soil microbial communities and nitrogen cycling-related genes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>All return methods significantly increased soil nutrient content, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN). Metagenomic analysis revealed that these treatments markedly altered the composition, diversity and abundance of nitrogen cycling-related functional genes in soil microbial communities. Notably, surface covering (SC) significantly enhanced the abundance of nitrogen fixation genes (<i>nifH</i>, <i>nifD</i> and <i>nifK</i>) and nitrification-related genes (<i>hao</i>, <i>hcp</i> and <i>nirS</i>) and promoted the enrichment of nitrogen-fixing microbes such as Methylocaldum and Anaeromyxobacter. Moreover, changes in nitrogen cycling genes were strongly correlated with total carbon (TC), available potassium (AK), MBC and MBN.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our findings suggest that surface covering is an effective method for the field return of peach branch waste, capable of improving soil quality, enhancing nitrogen availability, optimizing microbial nitrogen cycling functions and promoting overall soil health.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of yield, quality and water productivity of bread wheat cultivated under supplemental irrigation strategies in semi-arid conditions","authors":"Mehmet Ali Dündar, Ramazan Topak","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07790-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07790-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Water shortage is the main restricting factor for winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) production, whereas irrigation is the most effective measure to reduce water stress and increase winter wheat grain yield. However, irrigation strategies with high grain yield and water productivity (WP) are needed under scarce-water resources conditions such as the Konya Plain.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>For this purpose, a field experiment was carried out to determine the effects of different supplemental irrigation strategies on grain yield, quality and irrigation water productivity (IWP) of bread wheat in the Konya Plain of Türkiye. The supplemental irrigation strategies were irrigation during jointing (J), irrigation during jointing and heading (JH), irrigation during jointing, heading and milking (JHM). These strategies were tested under four different irrigation levels such as full, 90, 70 and 50 mm, and a no irrigation (rainfed) treatment was added as control.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results of this research revailed that the highest grain yields were obtained under JHM₅₀, JHM₇₀, JHM₉₀ and JHM_F treatments, and among the JHM₇₀, JHM_90, and JHM_F irrigation treatments, there were no significant differences in grain yield. Moreover, JHM₇₀ treatment saved 34.6% (110 mm) and 22.2% (60 mm) of total irrigation water, respectively, compared to JHM_F and JHM₉₀ treatments. The two-year average WP and IWP of JHM₇₀-treated bread wheat increased by 19.8% and 43.8% respectively, compared with JHM_F. The study findings showed that as irrigation frequency increased, grain quality factors relatively decreased, and the highest grain quality factors were achieved under R_f treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, JHM could be suggested to obtain high grain yield, WP, IWP, and water saving under normal years in Konya Plain. On the other hand, JHM treatment saved 28.6% of irrigation water with only about 4.8% grain yield loss as compared to JHM . Therefore, JHM can be suggested as an alternative irrigation treatment for stable winter wheat production with limited water resources in the Konya Plain.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"476 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}