Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Silicon-enriched rice straw biochar and silicon fertilizer mitigate rice straighthead disease by reducing dimethylarsinic acid accumulation","authors":"Yang Yang, Zhong Tang, AXiang Gao, Chuan Chen, Peng Wang, Fang-Jie Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07478-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07478-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Rice is prone to accumulating both inorganic arsenic (iAs) and organic arsenic species, such as dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). DMA is the primary causative agent of rice straighthead disease, a physiological disorder that leads to substantial yield losses. In this study, we investigated whether rice straw-derived biochar with different silicon (Si) contents and Si fertilizer can alleviate rice straighthead disease and decrease DMA accumulation in rice grains.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Low- and high-Si biochars were produced from straw of a low-silica rice mutant <i>lsi2</i> and its wild type (WT), respectively, by carbonization at a temperature of 450 °C. Pot experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of rice straw-derived biochar and a powdered Si fertilizer on As speciation in soil porewater at different rice growth stages and DMA accumulation in rice grains.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The Si content of the high- and low-Si biochars differed substantially (127.4 g kg⁻¹ for WT and 47.8 g kg⁻¹ for <i>lsi2</i> biochar), with approximately 18% Si bioavailability following biochar application. Both biochar and Si fertilizer application alleviated straighthead disease and decreased DMA levels in grain by 24–58.2%, with the high-Si biochar outperforming other treatments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The beneficial effects of the biochar on mitigating straighthead disease were primarily attributed to their Si content and the capacity to maintain prolonged Si availability in soil porewater. Additionally, supplementation with Si during the booting stage of rice proved particularly effective in maintaining Si availability, reducing DMA uptake, and alleviating straighthead disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land cover types and depth regulate carbon and nitrogen cycle functional genes in permafrost regions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau","authors":"Xiaoying Fan, Xiaodong Wu, Dejincuo Ma, Tonghua Wu, Guimin Liu, Haiyan Xu, Defu Zou, Guojie Hu, Yadong Liu, Xianhua Wei, Xuchun Yan, Yongxiang Liu, Sizhong Yang, Evgeny Abakumov","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07472-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07472-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Microorganisms are essential for carbon and nitrogen cycling in the active layer of permafrost regions, but the distribution and controlling factors of microbial functional genes across different land cover types and soil depths remain poorly understood. This gap hinders accurate predictions of carbon and nitrogen cycling dynamics under climate change. This study aims to explore how land cover type and soil depth influence microbial functional gene distribution in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau's permafrost regions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Soil samples (0–50 cm) were collected from alpine wet meadows, alpine meadows, and alpine steppes. We analyzed the samples for physicochemical properties, microbial amplicon sequencing, and metagenomic sequencing. Correlation analyses were conducted between microbial community structure, functional genes, and environmental factors to identify the drivers of microbial carbon and nitrogen cycling.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Bacterial richness was 6.03% lower in steppe soils compared to wet meadow soils. Steppe soils exhibited the highest aerobic respiration potential, while deeper wet meadow soils had enhanced anaerobic carbon fixation potential and a higher abundance of carbon decomposition-related genes. Nitrogen assimilation was highest in steppe surface soils, whereas denitrification and ammonification were greatest in wet meadow soils. Carbon cycling potential was influenced by total soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and belowground biomass, while nitrogen cycling was driven by belowground biomass, soil moisture, and pH.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings underscore the role of environmental factors in microbial functional gene distribution, providing new insights for modeling carbon and nitrogen cycling in alpine permafrost ecosystems under climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichoderma asperellum and mineral fertilization improve chlorophyll content and growth of Prunus persica L. Batsch rootstocks","authors":"João Antônio Paraginski, Mariana Poll Moraes, Filipe Selau Carlos, Newton Alex Mayer, Valmor João Bianchi","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07453-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07453-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p><i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> is notable for promoting growth and enhancing the health of rootstocks, presenting a promising strategy for optimizing seedling development and orchard productivity. Identifying such strategies is essential for producing high-quality seedlings. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of <i>T. asperellum</i> application, in combination with different types and doses of fertilizer, on the chlorophyll content and growth of the <i>Prunus persica</i> rootstock selection “NR0170302”.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A completely randomized bifactorial design was used with fertilizer sources [Controlled Release Fertilizer (CRF) and Nutrient Solution (NS)] either with or without <i>T. asperellum</i> (CRF, CRF + <i>T. asperellum</i>, NS and NS + <i>T. asperellum</i>) and at varying fertilizer doses (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g dm⁻³). Growth parameters assessed included plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, chlorophyll <i>a</i>, <i>b</i> and <i>a</i> + <i>b</i> content.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Significant increases in leaf number and leaf area were observed at doses of 4 to 8 g dm⁻³, with the combination of <i>T. asperellum</i> and NS proving most effective. Chlorophyll <i>a</i>, <i>b</i>, and <i>a</i> + <i>b</i> contents were enhanced by fertilizer doses, particularly with NS and CRF combined with <i>T. asperellum</i> at doses 2 to 8 g dm⁻³.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p><i>T. asperellum</i> inoculation allowed a reduction in the CRF dose from 6.67 to 5.33 g dm⁻³ without compromising growth in peach rootstocks until grafting. Nutrient supply through NS (5 to 6 g dm⁻³), with or without <i>T. asperellum</i>, proved more effective than CRF in enhancing the production of rootstocks, contributing to improved morphological quality and standardization in pre-grafting.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil drying shapes rhizosheath properties and their link with maize yields across different soils","authors":"Franziska A. Steiner, Shu-Yin Tung, Andreas J. Wild, Tina Köhler, Nicolas Tyborski, Andrea Carminati, Johanna Pausch, Tillmann Lüders, Sebastian Wolfrum, Carsten W. Mueller, Alix Vidal","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07456-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07456-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Biophysicochemical soil properties in the rhizosheath are pivotal for crop yields and drive organic carbon cycling in agricultural soils. Yet, it remains uncertain how moderate soil drought may alter and interfere with rhizosheath properties in diverse soil types, and whether specific rhizosheath traits benefit crop yields under different water availability in heterogeneous field environments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) was grown under ambient precipitation and moderate drought (60% precipitation exclusion) at two field sites differing in physicochemical soil properties, such as texture and amounts of soil organic matter (SOM). Rhizosheath properties, namely soil aggregation as well as content and distribution of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), were analyzed and, in conjunction with root traits, related to maize yields.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Under moderate soil drought, net rhizosheath-C concentrated spatially within the smaller rhizosheath in the form of more carbon-rich rhizodeposits. These effects were mediated by native soil properties, with rhizosheath structural stability decreasing stronger under drought in the finer-textured soil, allocating greater proportions of C and N to microaggregates. Rhizosheath and root properties were associated with maize yields. Yet, the influence and importance of belowground traits for crop yields varied with environmental conditions (soil x precipitation).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The responsiveness of rhizosheath properties to moderate soil drought may influence the fate and turnover of root-derived C, and thus the overall drought resilience of SOM in agricultural soils. Moreover, our findings underscore the importance of rhizosheath properties for crop yields, yet highlighting that these relationships differ among environmental scenarios.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the role of Bacillus thuringiensis GZNUTJ21 in enhancing Cu tolerance in Themeda japonica at subcellular and rhizosphere microbiology levels","authors":"Lanlan Chen, Ming Tang, Jie Jin, Chao Wang, Xianlei Chen, Na Li, Jing Zhang, Li Wang, Jie Liu, Yin Yi, Jianfeng Wang, Jiyi Gong","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07464-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07464-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aim</h3><p>Copper (Cu) contamination greatly impacts soil health and ecological environment. However, the intracellular (subcellar level) and extracellular (rhizosphere microbiology level) mechanism by which Cu-resistant PGPR enhance Cu tolerance in <i>Themeda japonica</i> is still unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, we isolated the Cu-resistant PGPR <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> GZNUTJ21 from rhizosphere of <i>T</i>. <i>japonica</i> and explored the mechanism of GZNUTJ21 to enhance Cu tolerance of <i>T</i>. <i>japonica</i> at subcellular and rhizosphere microbiology levels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>GZNUTJ21 significantly increased the fresh weight of leaves and roots by 33.92% and 45.60% under Cu stress, respectively. It enhanced <i>T. japonica</i> tolerance by decreasing total Cu concentration in the roots and leaves, increasing the percentage of Cu in cell wall of these tissues, and elevating the percentage of inactive Cu forms (NaCl-extractable, CH₃COOH-extractable, HCl-extractable) in roots. GZNUTJ21 helped <i>T. japonica</i> resistance to Cu stress by decreasing the total and available Cu concentration in the rhizosphere soil. Under Cu stress, it also improved rhizosphere soil nutrients and enriched the Cu-resistant fungal groups associated with saprotroph and symbiotroph functions, enhanced fungal taxa interactions, and increased the relative abundance of Cu-tolerant beneficial bacterial communities (Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, Methylomirabilota, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Basidiomycota and Glomeromycota). Partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) demonstrated that GZNUTJ21 positively impacted rhizosphere soil Cu chemical speciation, enzyme activities and bacterial community under Cu stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>GZNUTJ21 enhanced <i>T. japonica</i> Cu tolerance by regulating distribution and chemical forms of Cu in <i>T. japonica</i>, increasing the relative abundance of Cu-tolerant beneficial microbial communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential genetic characteristics of Bacillus velezensis LZUR632 enhance the resistance of Achnatherum inebrians to Cd stress by altering rhizosphere microbial community composition and functional genes","authors":"Jie Jin, Chao Wang, Ronggui Liu, Rong Zheng, Maohua Deng, Jianfeng Wang, Chunjie Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07465-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07465-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aim</h3><p>Heavy metal-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can facilitate bioremediation, phytostimulation, and stress reduction in metal-contaminated soil, providing an environmentally friendly method for sustainable agriculture. In this study, we explored the mechanisms underlying the plant growth promotion effects of LZUR632, a strain that enhances the phytoremediation of Cd in drunken horse grass.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We first isolated a rhizosphere bacterium from the rhizosphere soil of E + <i>A. inebrians</i>, named LZUR632. Then, we co-cultured the LZUR632 and <i>Arabidopsis</i> and <i>A. inebrians</i> seedlings under the different concentrations of CdCl₂. The whole genome, metabolome, macrogenomic sequences, soil biochemical properties and plant growth response were analyzed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results indicated inoculation of LZUR632 significantly promoted plant growth and improved Cd stress resistance. And LZUR632 encoded numerous genes required for Cd tolerance and secreted many compounds that contributed to plant growth. Additionally, inoculation of LZUR632 induced taxonomic and functional shifts in the rhizosphere microbial community, increasing plant growth-promoting microbes and nitrogen-fixing microbes that enhanced nutrient assimilation and plant growth. Upregulation of genes encoding lipid metabolism might also aid in stabilizing Cd ions in the rhizosphere soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings demonstrated the potential of LZUR632-mediated phytoremediation and provided insights into the microbe-induced mechanisms of plant growth promotion in Cd-contaminated soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant functional type control on soil microbial activity and carbon source utilization in permafrost peatland","authors":"Jing Xue, Yifei Zhang, Shujie Wang, Yu Du, Dongxu Wang, Hao Zhang, Yanyu Song, Xianwei Wang, Xiaoxin Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07425-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07425-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Climate warming can lead to changes in plant functional types (PFTs) in permafrost peatlands, which can subsequently affect soil properties and microbial functional structures. Although the effects of PFTs changes on soil microorganisms in various ecosystems have been documented, these effects are not well understood in permafrost peatlands.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study investigated the impact of removing different PFTs (sedges, evergreen shrubs, deciduous shrubs, and mosses) on soil properties and microbial functional structures (microbial activity, microbial diversity, and carbon source utilization) in a permafrost peatland.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Variations in PFTs lead to changes in soil properties and microbial functional structures. Removal of shrubs and mosses increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content by 26% and inorganic nitrogen content by 28%, the soil microbial activity and diversity were significantly enhanced, and microbes preferred amino acids and carboxylic acids as carbon sources compared to the natural control (N). In contrast, the moss treatment (M) with shrubs and sedge removed had 30% lower soil DOC and 50% lower inorganic nitrogen content, as well as a significant reduction in microbial activity and diversity, with microorganisms preferring to utilize polymers as a carbon source.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These results indicate that peatland microorganisms are sensitive to changes in PFTs over short time scales, with a particularly rapid response to specific plant functional groups such as sedges. These findings highlight the critical role of PFTs as drivers of microbial functional structures and suggest that future vascular plant expansion may alter peatland microbial functional structures and carbon cycling in the context of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal concentration and leaf spatial distribution assessed by synchrotron µXRF in Brazilian nickel hyperaccumulators","authors":"Luiz Henrique Vieira Lima, Ryan Tappero, Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07477-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07477-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>The limited number of known hyperaccumulator species in tropical regions, including Brazil, has hampered the development of nickel (Ni) agromining. In addition, the mechanisms underlying metal accumulation and distribution in these species remain poorly understood, despite their pivotal role in identifying species with economic potential. This study assessed the accumulation potential and foliar spatial distribution of metals in three Brazilian hyperaccumulator species (<i>Pfaffia sarcophylla</i>, <i>Justicia lanstyakii</i>, and <i>Lippia lupulina</i>) growing in one of the world’s largest mafic–ultramafic complexes. <i>Methods</i> Concentrations of Ni and other metals in leaves were determined using portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Synchrotron-based X-ray microfluorescence (SR-µXRF) was employed to map the spatial distribution of metals across intact leaves.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results revealed leaf Ni concentrations ranging from 320 to 1,950 mg kg⁻¹ in <i>P. sarcophylla</i>, 1,640 to 6,810 mg kg⁻¹ in <i>L. lupulina</i>, and 1,990 to 4,900 mg kg⁻¹ in <i>J. lanstyakii</i>. Nickel, Mn, and Co exhibited similar distribution patterns, concentrating mainly in the leaf margins and veins across all species, while Ca, K, and Mg co-localization suggests regulatory mechanisms for adaptation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Although these plants exhibited Ni hyperaccumulation, our findings suggest limited commercial potential for agromining. Further research on genetic variability and nutrient assimilation, particularly in <i>P. sarcophylla</i>, is recommended to elucidate the mechanisms underlying Ni accumulation and intraspecific variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-omic profiling reveals green manuring with maize enhances fruit quality of strawberry via the microbiome–plant–metabolite axis","authors":"Huijing Fu, Chenyu Sun, Xiaolong Shu, Meilin Zhang, Zirong Kong, Fan Qi, Quanhong Xue, Hangxian Lai, Qiao Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07450-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07450-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Green manuring offers an effective approach to improve soil health and crop yield. However, the potential effects of green manuring on fruit quality and the underlying mechanisms have not been ascertained. This study investigated green manure-mediated metabolic changes in strawberry (<i>Fragaria</i> × <i>ananassa</i> Duch.) fruit quality and their relationship to the reshaping of rhizosphere microbiome.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Fresh maize straw was ploughed into the soil at a rate of 20,000 kg ha^–1 three weeks before transplanting strawberry. The global changes in fruit quality were analyzed by widely targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics. Rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities were characterized based on amplicon sequencing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Green manuring with maize enhances fruit flavor, color, and functional quality, as indicated by increased accumulation of soluble sugars, flavonoids, and bioactive compounds. The changes in fruit metabolite composition are consistent with transcriptional upregulation of functional genes in specific metabolic pathways. Rhizosphere microbial communities show higher diversity and network complexity under green manuring, with more potentially beneficial bacteria and fewer pathogenic fungi.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The results uncover strong cross-kingdom interactions between strawberry plants and rhizosphere microbes mediated by green manure, which contributes to fruit quality through sophisticated metabolic reprogramming.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143853367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-organic fertilizer application improves cucumber growth, disease resistance, and soil fertility by regulating rhizosphere microbiomes","authors":"Junyan Yang, Xin Liu, Xiangmin Rong, Pan Jiang, Yixiang Xia, Guixian Xie, Gongwen Luo, Xiaoyuan Yan","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07460-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07460-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Continuous cropping and improper fertilization have led to frequent soil-borne diseases, which have seriously affected the yield of vegetables such as cucumbers, posing a major challenge to sustainable agricultural production. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial role of soil microorganisms in plant growth and health maintenance, their responses to bio-organic fertilizer applications remain unexplored.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study analyzed the effects of organic and bio-organic fertilizers on rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere microbiomes and their associations with cucumber growth, health, and soil fertility through field experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results indicated that bio-organic fertilizer treatments (BM1 and BM4) enhanced cucumber dry biomass by 20.39% compared with chemical fertilizer (CF) and organic fertilizer (M1 and M4) treatments. Additionally, both BM1 and BM4 reduced disease severity by 20.08% and improved soil fertility, including soil organic matter and total nitrogen content, while mitigating soil acidification. Furthermore, BM1 and BM4 significantly increased the α-diversity of rhizosphere microbiomes compared with CF. Bio-organic fertilizers enriched the potentially beneficial microbiota, such as <i>Bacillus</i>, <i>Flavobacterium</i>, and <i>Pseudomonas</i>, while reducing pathogens, including <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Lectera</i>. Network analysis indicated higher complexity and stability of rhizosphere microbial networks in BM1 and BM4 than those in CF or M. Analyses revealed that the beneficial rhizosphere taxa, pathogens, and microbial network characteristics strongly predicted plant growth, disease severity, and soil fertility indicators.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Above all, bio-organic fertilizers can enhance vegetable production performance by regulating the rhizosphere microbiome, which provides a foundation for screening biocontrol strains to improve productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}