Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Dual mycorrhizal associations in tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) differ between Australian temperate shrublands and subtropical forests","authors":"Luke Florence, Terry J. Rose, Michael T. Rose, Camille Truong","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07132-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07132-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background &amp; aims</h3><p>Tea tree (<i>Melaleuca alternifolia</i>) is an economically important crop with a narrow natural distribution in eastern Australia. Coastal and upland tea tree ecotypes have been identified based on unique shoot and root traits, but their mycorrhizal associations remain unknown. Dual mycorrhization—the ability of plants to associate with both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi—is particularly common among Australian Myrtaceae, including <i>Melaleuca</i> species, but has not yet been investigated in tea tree.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We investigated the mycorrhizal associations of tea tree in three coastal and two upland populations using ITS2 metabarcoding and root anatomical observations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results revealed that tea tree is a dual mycorrhizal plant, showing variability in root symbioses among ecotypes. ECM percentage root colonisation was significantly lower in the coastal tea tree ecotype compared to the upland ecotype, despite the coastal ecotype exhibiting significantly higher levels of ECM fungal richness. In contrast, the richness of the AM order Glomerales was significantly higher in the coastal tea tree ecotype than in the upland ecotype, yet comparable levels of AM root colonisation were observed between these two ecotypes. Mycorrhizal fungal community composition also differed significantly between coastal and upland ecotypes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our study provides evidence that tea tree is a dual mycorrhizal species that can host AM and ECM fungi simultaneously within individual plants. Our findings suggest that coastal and upland tea tree ecotypes vary in their associations with mycorrhizal fungi across native habitats, which differ in climate, soil characteristics, and vegetation structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field phytometers and lab tests demonstrate that rock dust can outperform dolomite and fertilisers for acid forest soil restoration","authors":"Robrecht Van Der Bauwhede, Leon van den Berg, Karen Vancampenhout, Erik Smolders, Bart Muys","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07175-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07175-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil amendments with rock dust have been proposed for restoring regeneration on ultra-acidified forest soils. Rock dust is a poorly defined amendment, and its mode of action remains unclear. This study was set up to identify rock dust properties that predict plant responses in the field.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A field experiment with sycamore maple (<i>Acer pseudoplatanus</i> L.) saplings in two sites in the Campine region (NL) was constructed, both at a clearcut (soil pH = 3.5) and under the canopy of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L. (pH = 3.1). Treatments included six rock dusts and four reference treatments (TSP, dolomite, KCl, their combination). Rock dusts were amended in the planting pit and broadcast after being characterised for chemical composition and tested for dissolution in accelerated laboratory tests. Sapling growth was monitored for 40 months.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Tree growth was affected by the site and rock dust type. The highest tree volume increases relative to the unamended control were with phonolite that increased volume by a factor 2 (clearcut) and by a factor 8 (under-canopy). On the clearcut, these increases were larger than the reference conventional dolomite and fertilisation treatments. Here, growth was only explained by rock dust’s water retention, which was superior for a zeolite-containing rock dust. Under-canopy, both growth and foliar nutrition were best related to liming and nutrient release by rock dust inferred from an 8-week laboratory-based soil + rock dust suspension test.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Rock dusts are effective to regenerate acid forest soils and laboratory tests of accelerated weathering can inform their potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142911705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nicotianamine facilitates zinc translocation from roots to shoots in the nickel hyperaccumulator Odontarrhena chalcidica","authors":"Teng-Hao-Bo Deng, Ya-Zhou Wang, Bing-Lan Mo, Ting Liu, Lei Li, Ye-Tao Tang, Dian Wen, Yong-Dong Huang, Sheng-Sheng Sun, Xu Wang, Rui-Ying Du, Jean-Louis Morel, Rong-Liang Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07176-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07176-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator <i>Odontarrhena chalcidica</i> can absorb high levels of zinc (Zn) in its roots but fails to hyperaccumulate Zn in its shoots. The reasons behind the absence of this Zn hyperaccumulation trait in <i>O. chalcidica</i>, in contrast to known Zn hyperaccumulators, remain elusive. Nicotianamine (NA) is an organic ligand which can increase the mobility of metals in vivo by forming stable metals-NA complex. Thus, this study evaluated the influence of NA on root-shoot transport of Zn in <i>O. chalcidica</i> by comparison with the Zn hyperaccumulator <i>Noccaea caerulescens</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Both species were cultivated under + Ni and + Zn treatments in hydroponic solutions. NA concentrations, the expression levels of NA synthesis related genes and Zn distribution in subcellular fractions of roots were evaluated. Additionally, the effect of exogenous NA supply on Zn transport was explored.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>NA concentrations in the roots of <i>O. chalcidica</i> declined from 2.30 to 0.600 mg kg⁻¹ under Zn exposure, whereas that of <i>N. caerulescens</i> significantly increased by 40.5% (to 3.09 mg kg⁻¹). Zn treatment suppressed the expression of <i>OcNAS3</i> and <i>OcSAMS2</i>, which involved in NA biosynthesis, by 97.0% and 89.7%, respectively. Nevertheless, pretreatment with NA enhance soluble Zn fraction in roots, and increased root-shoot transport of Zn in <i>O. chalcidica</i>, raising the shoot-to-root Zn concentration ratio from 0.548 to 0.919.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The inhibition of NA synthesis by Zn is an important reason for the impaired root-shoot transfer for Zn in <i>O. chalcidica</i>. And NA plays a key role on the Zn mobility within plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142917322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergent benefits of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in multisymbiotic grass-legume mixtures","authors":"Pablo Adrián García-Parisi, Magdalena Druille, Agustín Alberto Grimoldi, Fernando Alfredo Lattanzi, Marina Omacini","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07173-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07173-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The ability of plant microbial symbionts to enhance hosts´ fitness depends on the abiotic and biotic context, including the presence of co-existing symbionts. We studied how the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects the performance of a host grass associated or not with fungal asexual endophytes, growing either alone or in interaction with a legume hosting nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We hypothesized that the presence of legume-rhizobia symbiosis enables endophytes and AMF to promote host grass growth and nutrition, as well as host and symbionts fitness through nitrogen acquisition-mediated effects even when their primary benefits (herbivore protection and phosphorous provision) are not required.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In pots with sterile, nitrogen-limited soil either inoculated or not with AMF, we grew <i>Lolium multiflorum</i> grass plants associated or not with a vertically-transmitted endophyte (<i>Epichloë occultans</i>), either in monocultures or in mixtures with rhizobia-inoculated <i>Trifolium repens</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In monocultures, grass C, N and P acquisition were reduced by AMF. Conversely, in mixtures with legumes, AMF increased grass growth, soil N uptake, and transfer of biologically fixed N from the legume to the grass. Endophyte and AMF both decreased grass fitness, but endophyte presence increased AMF spore density.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>AMF can increase nitrogen transfer and increase grass growth, a benefit that relies on the presence of rhizobia-associated neighboring legumes. Notably, the fitness of plants and symbionts does not always align with the benefits provided to each other. The success of each host or symbiont may depend on their ability to capitalize on the benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil microbial diversity-function relationships are changed by human activity at a landscape scale","authors":"Shenglei Hao, Zewen Hei, Jiayang Ma, Qi Shao, Tingyao Cai, Hang-Wei Hu, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Yongliang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07174-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07174-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and Aims</h3><p>Soil microorganisms are crucial contributors to the regulation of diverse ecosystem functions in natural ecosystems. However, the influence of land use types on the relationships between soil microbial diversity and soil multifunctionality (SMF) has been scarcely evaluated at a landscape level.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A high-resolution field survey was undertaken with 228 sites (2 × 2 km² grid each) to investigate the influence of four land uses on the relationship between soil microbial diversity (bacteria, fungi and protists) and SMF in Pinggu District, China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Soil microbial diversity index and multifunctionality were the highest in orchards and natural forests compared to plantations and cropland. Also, while soil microbial diversity index and SMF were positively correlated across all land uses and in natural forests. However, this relationship was decoupled within cropland, orchards and plantations. Increases in module richness within ecological networks were also important predictors of SMF, especially in cropland and orchards.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study provides new insights on the impacts of land use types in changing the fundamental relationship between soil microbial diversity and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial community structure and environmental adaptation in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of halophytic plants in the Ebinur Lake wetland","authors":"Cheng Ding, Xiaoyun Qi, Suhui Hou, Wenge Hu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07183-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07183-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Soil microorganisms have a direct impact on both soil and plant health. This study aimed to investigate the diversity, composition, and ecological functions of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of <i>Karelinia caspia</i> (KC) and <i>Haloxylon ammodendron</i> (HA) in the Ebinur Lake wetland. The focus was on understanding microbial responses to environmental factors and the interactions shaping soil ecosystem stability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Microbial diversity and composition were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS genes. Soil physicochemical properties were measured to assess environmental influences. Co-occurrence networks were constructed to identify key taxa and their interactions, and redundancy analysis was applied to elucidate relationships between microbial communities and environmental variables.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Dominant bacterial phyla in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria, while the dominant fungal phylum was Ascomycota. Rhizosphere soils exhibited higher microbial diversity and network complexity than non-rhizosphere soils. Total potassium, Available potassium and electrical conductivity were the main environmental factors shaping rhizosphere microbial communities, while Total nitrogen, Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen played a more significant role in non-rhizosphere soils. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed distinct patterns, with rhizosphere networks demonstrating greater complexity and non-rhizosphere networks showing higher stability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study underscores the adaptability of microbial communities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils under saline-alkaline conditions, highlighting the roles of plant types and environmental factors in shaping community structure. These findings offer vital insights into the role of microbial diversity in maintaining ecosystem stability and lay a foundation for developing effective wetland conservation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of plant carbon inputs on soil bacterial communities and nitrogen cycle functions in temperate steppe","authors":"Yaxuan Cui, Feirong Ren, Yipu Wu, Hao Liu, Zhongjie Sun, Yuzhe Wang, Hayley Peter-Contesse, Shijie Han, Shiqiang Wan, Junqiang Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07189-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07189-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Plants influence soil microbial communities through aboveground litter and root inputs. However, studies on the effects of various plant carbon inputs on soil microbial communities in grassland ecosystems are limited.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We characterized bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and ammonia-oxidizing archaea using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and quantified the <i>amoA</i> gene via real-time PCR. We assessed the impacts of different carbon inputs (litter addition, litter removal, plant removal, and their interactions) on soil bacterial community structure, composition, nitrogen cycle functions, co-occurrence networks and assembly in a temperate grassland ecosystem following over a decade of experimental manipulations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Plant removal significantly affected soil total carbon content and the ratio of total carbon to total nitrogen content. The impact of plant removal was stronger than that of litter changes, significantly influencing bacterial community structure. Compared to ammonia-oxidizing archaea, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria dominated semi-arid grassland communities, and plant removal inhibited potential denitrification and nitrogen fixation groups. Notably, plant removal increased the complexity but reduced the stability of bacterial co-occurrence networks. It also enhanced deterministic processes and decreased the relative contribution of stochastic processes in bacterial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study elucidates the effects of various carbon input patterns on soil bacterial communities, highlighting their importance for comprehensively understanding the stability of these communities and their role in nitrogen cycling in temperate grasslands amid global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial bacteria mitigate combined water and phosphorus deficit effects on upland rice","authors":"Niedja Bezerra Costa, Gustavo de Andrade Bezerra, Moemy Gomes de Moraes, Marta Cristina Corsi de Filippi, Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho, Rahul A. Bhosale, Adriano Pereira de Castro, Anna Cristina Lanna","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07158-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07158-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Limited water and phosphorus availability are major challenges in upland rice production. Plant–microbe interactions, especially with beneficial bacteria, have shown promise in mitigating these stresses. This study investigated the influence of microbial inoculants with hydration-promoting and phosphorus-solubilizing abilities on upland rice yield under drought and phosphorus deficiency.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Upland rice (BRS Esmeralda) plants were grown in a greenhouse with different water availability conditions (well-watered and drought), phosphorus levels (normal 200 mg dm⁻³ and low 20 mg dm⁻³), and microbial treatments (no-microorganisms and single isolates, <i>Serratia marcescens</i> strains BRM 32114 and BRM 63523, and combined isolates <i>Bacillus toyonensis</i> BRM 32110 + BRM 32114 and BRM 63523 + BRM 32114). Root and shoot traits, as well as production components, were analyzed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>While the microbial treatments affected the roots, the larger effects were seen in the shoot rice plants. When both water and phosphorus were limited, grain yield decreased significantly. However, plants inoculated with beneficial bacteria showed a substantial increase in grain yield (average of 39.5% in 2019/2020 and 18.8% in 2020/2021) compared to uninoculated plants under combined stresses. This increase was especially pronounced in plants treated with BRM 63523 (strain) alone or combined with BRM 32114 (strain). These inoculated plants also showed improved photosynthetic activity (average increase of 24.6%), which may have contributed to the higher grain yield.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Inoculating upland rice with specific <i>Serratia</i> strains effectively increased shoot and root traits under combined water and phosphorous stresses. These findings highlight the potential of plant–microbe interactions for sustainable upland rice production.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substitution of soil urea fertilization to foliar nano urea fertilization decreases growth and yield of rice and wheat","authors":"Rajeev Sikka, Anu Kalia, Radha Ahuja, Simranpreet Kaur Sidhu, P. Chaitra","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07157-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07157-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Conventional nitrogen (N) fertilizers are prone to losses through leaching, volatilization, and denitrification, leading to low N-use efficiency (NUE). This study evaluates a new urea nano-formulation of IFFCO (Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative Limited) as a potential substitute for commercial urea and its effects on rice and wheat performance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A two-year field study evaluated the impact of two foliar sprays of IFFCO nano-urea (4 ml/l) in combination with 0% and 50% recommended doses of N-fertilizer (RDN) on the performance of rice and wheat grown in rotation. Agronomic parameters were measured every 30 days, and grain yield was recorded at harvest.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The application of two sprays of nano urea + 50% RDN significantly reduced the grain yield of rice and wheat by 13 and 17.2%, respectively, compared with 100% RDN application to soil. Additionally, chlorophyll content (SPAD), dry matter accumulation, tiller density, root growth, and macronutrient content decreased in both the test crops. The nano-urea + 50% RDN treatment exhibited 35% and 24% reduction in grain protein content in rice and wheat, respectively. The activity of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in rice leaves decreased by 28.6 and 94.4%, respectively, compared to100% RDN treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Nano-urea in combination with 50% RDN did not improve nitrogen use efficiency as claimed. More research studies are required to establish the correct crop-specific agronomy of this formulation. Thus, the focus should be on improving existing nitrogen management strategies and research to refine nano-urea formulations for better performance under field conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"327 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar adsorbs beneficial airborne bacteria to inhibit wheat Fusarium head blight","authors":"Jieru Guo, Xiangzhi Li, Runlai Xu, Chenghang Du, Xuechen Xiao, Kunhu Chen, Haoyue Chen, Yinghua Zhang, Zhimin Wang, Zhencai Sun","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07166-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07166-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Wheat <i>Fusarium</i> head blight (FHB) is a soil-borne disease that is caused mainly by <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> (<i>Fg</i>). Biochar is a soil amendment with the potential to suppress leaf and soil-borne diseases. This study aimed to investigate the effects of microorganisms colonizing biochar on the occurrence of wheat FHB.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We explored the inhibitory effect of biochar extract on wheat FHB using field experiments and validated the colonization of airborne microorganisms on biochar via amplicon sequencing. In addition, the beneficial bacteria in the biochar extract were isolated, screened and validated using greenhouse pot experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found that biochar extract inhibited wheat FHB by greater than 50% and increased the field yield by 6.37%. The microorganisms in the biochar extract inhibited <i>Fg</i> growth. Biochar adsorbed different airborne microorganisms, and the relative abundances of <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> gradually increased with increasing adsorption time. Of note, two <i>Bacillus</i> species and one <i>Pseudomonas</i> species isolated from biochar exerted antimicrobial effects through direct antagonism or the production of antifungal substances. Furthermore, the results of the pot experiments revealed that <i>Bacillus</i> S86 treatment was more effective against FHB in both the mixed and single-strain treatments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In this study, we provide new evidence that biochar can adsorb beneficial airborne bacteria to control wheat FHB. The design of biochar-beneficial microbe mixtures to suppress targeted soil diseases is worthy of further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}