Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Submersion deteriorates the mechanical properties of Cynodon dactylon root and alters its failure type","authors":"Deyu Liu, Zhubao Chen, Lun Zhang, Zhenyao Xia, Rui Xiang, Feng Gao, Qianheng Zhang, Ruidong Yang, Yu Ding, Yueshu Yang, Hai Xiao","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07211-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07211-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Environmental stresses can influence root mechanical strength, the impact of submersion of the water level fluctuation zone on the root mechanical strength of <i>Cynodon dactylon</i> was evaluated in this study.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Variations in the physicochemical properties (root weight density and root activity), mechanical strengths (tensile and pullout strength) and failure types of <i>C. dactylon</i> roots were investigated using a submersion experiment with 8 durations (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 d), with a treatment without submersion serving as the control (CK). Additionally, corresponding variation in the microstructure of the roots was observed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The root weight density, root activity, root tensile strength and pullout strength of <i>C. dactylon</i> rapidly decreased, followed by a gradual decrease with increasing duration, and the reductions during the first 15 d of submersion accounted for 65.15%, 75.86%, 61.14% and 68.26% of the maximum reduction during the submersion process, respectively. Negative power function relationships were found between root mechanical strength and root diameter. Submersion increased the proportion of fracture failures during the pullout process. Moreover, the influence of submersion on root mechanical strength and failure type was regulated by a reduction in root activity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Submersion deteriorates the mechanical properties of <i>C. dactylon</i> roots and alters their failure type.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling knotweed clonal control of soil microbial activities related to the nitrogen cycle through plant growth phases and ramet positions within the patch","authors":"Cédric Béraud, Florence Piola, Jonathan Gervaix, Christelle Boisselet, Charline Creuze des Chatelliers, Pauline Defour, Abigaïl Delort, Elisabeth Derollez, Léa Dumortier, Alessandro Florio, Léo Rasse, Félix Vallier, Amélie A. M. Cantarel","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07190-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07190-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Knotweeds are known to influence microbial processes. This study aimed to unravel the clonal control of microbial nitrogen cycle activities by established knotweed patches, as function of plant growth phases and ramet positions within the patch, all according to six different soils.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>At six sites, we measured N-microbial activities (free-living nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and denitrification, substrate-induced respiration), soil N mineral forms, moisture and pH across five plant growth phases and at two ramet positions within the patch (centre and front). The sites were categorized as having High, Medium or Low soil functioning based on (a)biotic parameters (nitrification, denitrification, soil moisture, and pH).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The influence of the patch centre on N-microbial activities varied with soil functioning during the plant growth phases. Nitrification and N fixation increased in Low functioning soils but decreased or remained unchanged in High functioning soils. Denitrification remained constant in Low functioning soils but decreased in High functioning soils. In Medium functioning soil, denitrification and N fixation were reduced, whereas nitrification remained unchanged. Significant differences in N cycle control were found between the patch centre and front, depending on the growth phase and soil functioning.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>During the growth period (N demand), the patch centre influences N-microbial activities differently, depending on soil functioning, leading to improved N acquisition in soils with strong competition for mineral N (High and Medium functioning soils). Ramets at the patch centre and front control the N cycle differently, with the centre likely facilitating N acquisition and the front promoting colonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What control home‐field advantage of foliar litter decomposition along an elevational gradient in subtropical forests?","authors":"Bo Chen, Lan Jiang, Jinfu Liu, Xinguang Gu, Yu Hong, Dehuang Zhu, Wenzhou Li, Daowei Xu, Kaijin Kuang, Zhongsheng He","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07165-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07165-w","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Aims&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Home-Field Advantage (HFA) suggests that litter decomposes faster in its \"home\" habitat (home-field) due to local decomposer communities being more adapted to decomposing \"home\" litter. Elevation-induced micro-environmental variations, may break down the relationship between litter and its associated decomposer communities, reducing decomposition efficiency in home-field environments. In study, we aim to explore whether litter decomposition shows HFA across elevational gradients, the driving factors of litter mass loss in home and away, and what controls the litter HFA along the elevational gradient in subtropical forests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this study, we conducted a foliar litter decomposition translocation experiment along different elevational gradients (900 m-1600 m) in Daiyun Mountain in southeast China, using a 400 m elevational gradient (with a temperature variation of approximately 1.8 ℃) as the span for litter decomposition. We collected data on environmental factors (e.g., air and soil temperature, soil total C, N, P, and water content), foliar litter quality (e.g., total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents), decomposer communities (soil fungal and bacterial biomass) and plant leaf traits (e.g., leaf total C, N, P, specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content) at different elevations. Then mixed linear models and structural equation models were used to investigate differences in foliar litter decomposition between home and away fields, as well as the driving factors for HFA.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We found that (1) Litter decomposition showed HFA across elevational gradients, with foliar litter in home-field losing more mass than in away-field along these gradients. (2) Environmental factors were the main driving factors influencing home-field litter decomposition, while litter quality was the main factor affecting away-field litter decomposition and HFA. Fungal communities enhanced home litter decomposition but not away-field litter, supporting decomposer control in home-field decomposition. (3) From the structural equation model, environmental factors and litter quality were significant positive drivers of HFA. In addition, litter quality was the main factor influencing home-field decomposition, as the faster decomposition of home-field foliar litter was a direct positive contributor to HFA, while slower decomposition of away-field litter had a direct negative effect.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\"&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Foliar litter decomposition along the elevational gradients exhibited HFA in Daiyun Mountain of subtropical regions, environmental factors are the main factors affecting home litter mass loss, while litter quality is the main factor affecting away litter mass loss and HFA. Additionally, environmental factors influenced microbial communities, with fungal communities having a signific","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"39 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active aluminum promoted copper uptake by Chinese cabbage grown in an acidic Cu-contaminated soil: A new insight with the diffusive gradients in thin-films technique (DGT)","authors":"Linyu Guo, Jing Yan, Yangxiaoxiao Shi, Ke-wei Li, Peng Guan, Ren-kou Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07193-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07193-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aim</h3><p>To examine the effect of active aluminum (Al) on copper(II) (Cu(II)) bioavailability in an acidic Cu-contaminated soil and uptake of Cu(II) by Chinese cabbage.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A pot trial was conducted with Ca(OH)₂ and peanut straw biochar (PB) to investigate Cu(II) uptake by Chinese cabbage. DGT (C_DGT-Cu) and CaCl₂ extraction methods (C_CaCl2-Cu) were used to determine soil available Cu(II) and BCR sequential-extraction was used to determine Cu(II) species in the soil.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The amelioration of soil acidity with Ca(OH)₂ and PB increased soil pH, promoted Chinese cabbage growth, and decreased Cu(II) uptake by plant shoots/roots. There were highly significant positive linear correlations between C_DGT-Cu, C_CaCl2-Cu and Cu(II) uptake by plant shoots. C_DGT-Cu showed a better predictive effect for Cu(II) uptake by plant roots with a greater correlation coefficient (R² = 0.9756). Thus, the DGT method was more effective in predicting Cu(II) uptake by plants. With increasing soil pH, Cu-HOAc and Cu-Reducible were converted to Cu-Residual, resulting in a decrease in soil Cu(II) bioavailability. The results of Structural Equation Modeling analyses showed that Al uptake by Chinese cabbage had a promoting effect on Cu(II) uptake by the plant, mainly through affecting plant growth indirectly. Soil exchangeable Al inhibited root growth (root length, root dry weight), reduced root resistance of Chinese cabbage and indirectly increased Cu(II) uptake.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Reducing Al toxicity decreased root damage and Cu(II) uptake by plant, improving the edible quality of Chinese cabbage. When remediating acidic Cu-contaminated soils, more attentions should be payed to mitigating and regulating Al toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen addition enhances soil aggregate stability by increasing the contents of microbial gluing agents in a subalpine forest","authors":"Zhenqing Gao, Ruiying Chang, Asianya Nzube, Noman Ahmad, Yuanrui Peng, Jing Zhang, Zhanfeng Liu, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07172-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07172-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil aggregate stability is profoundly influenced by elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, although the mechanisms remain elusive. Here we evaluate the role of microbial-derived soil organic carbon (SOC) of different origins in mediating soil aggregate stability under N addition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted an N addition experiment with three-level (0, 8, and 40 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) in a subalpine forest to study the alteration of soil aggregate stability using mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) as proxies. SOC content of aggregates, glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) and amino sugars were measured to indicate SOC associated with aggregates, derived from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal hyphae and microbial necromass, respectively. The relative importance of these factors in regulating aggregate stability were explored using multivariate analysis.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Nitrogen addition tended to enhance the stability of soil aggregates. In the top 5 cm soil, the N addition level of 40 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) increased MWD and GMD by 99% and 43%, respectively. Contents of aggregate-associated SOC, microbial necromass, and easily extractable GRSP also increased under N addition and positively correlated with the aggregate stability. Both the aggregate-associated SOC and the easily extractable GRSP (E-GRSP) exerted a direct impact on the stability of soil aggregates. Amino sugars, along with E-GRSP, indirectly influenced soil aggregate stability via their effects on aggregate-associated SOC.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Nitrogen addition improves soil aggregate stability by increasing the contents of soil microbial gluing agents. Compared to microbial necromass, fungal hyphae tend to play a more significant role in regulating soil aggregate stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Straw mulch and orchard grass mediate soil microbial nutrient acquisition and microbial community composition in Ziziphus Jujuba orchard","authors":"Peng Kang, Yaqing Pan, Jinpeng Hu, Xuan Qu, Qiubo Ji, Chanyu Zhuang, Yufeng Ren, Jun Zhou, Tianjun Wei","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07144-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07144-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The utilization of straw mulch and orchard grass in <i>Ziziphus Jujuba</i> orchards significantly influenced soil resource effectiveness, altering soil microbial metabolic limitations and enhancing nutrient accumulation. However, the response of soil microbial community composition to soil nutrient stoichiometry imbalance in <i>Z. jujuba</i> ‘Lingwuchangzao’ orchards is not clear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study investigated stoichiometric characteristics of soil nutrient resources, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities. Meanwhile, it was combined with soil microbial community diversity and composition under different management practices in <i>Z. jujuba</i> orchards in the arid zone of northern China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Straw mulch and orchard grass management reduced C:N imbalance, decreased nitrogen limitation and nitrogen use efficiency, and increased soil carbon limitation. These management practices also increased soil microbial diversity (eg. Shannon and ACE indices), with significant between-group differences by non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis. These differences were more significantly affected by relative carbon and nitrogen limitations. Relative carbon and nitrogen limitations were significantly correlated with Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In addition, straw mulch and orchard grass management increased the connectivity and complexity of the soil bacterial-fungal co-occurrence network. Random forest analysis further indicated the importance of microbial community diversity and dominant phyla to environmental change. Partial least squares path modeling revealed that changes in soil stoichiometric imbalance had direct or indirect effects on microbial ecoenzymatic stoichiometry, metabolic limitation, nutrient utilization efficiency, and community composition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The interrelationships between soil nutrient stoichiometric imbalances and microbial communities under straw mulch and orchard grass management in <i>Z. jujuba</i> orchard can improve soil ecological management practices in arid regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen enhances diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi while phosphorus drives community composition in maize rhizosphere after 19 years of fertilisation","authors":"Braian Gaset, Gerardo Rubio, Manuel Ferrari, Pablo Cavigliasso, Veronica Nishinakamasu, Andrea Fabiana Puebla, Valeria Faggioli","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07186-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07186-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilisers are widely used in agro-ecosystems but can endanger the diversity of beneficial soil-borne biota. This study aimed to determine the impact of long-term N and P fertilisation on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), a group of symbiotic soil fungi, by distinguishing between the effects of individual and combined nutrient applications.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We examined the impacts of long-term (i.e. 19 years) N and P fertilisation at two developmental crop stages: V6 (six fully expanded leaves) and R1 (initiation of flowering, after N addition). We measured mycorrhizal colonisation to test the plant-AMF relationship and used Illumina MiSeq sequencing of 18S rRNA gene from rhizospheric soil to evaluate AMF diversity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>N and P fertilisation resulted primarily in additive effects rather than interactive effects. N fertilisation greatly increased alpha diversity (e.g. + 38% Chao2 at R1 sampling time) and changed AMF community composition (presence-absence data at R1). P fertilisation reduced mycorrhizal colonisation (~—8% at V6,—21% at R1), changed community composition (relative abundance data at V6 and R1) and negatively affected the abundance and richness of the predominant family <i>Glomeraceae.</i></p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Long-term additions of N and P change AMF communities in distinct ways. While N mainly contributes to increases in alpha diversity, P influences the assembly of AMF by altering the dominance of major taxa within the community. Future studies are needed to disentangle the implications of these changes for crop yields and nutrient use efficiency to ensure the sustainability of agro-ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on the application of straw, biochar, dimethylpyrazole phosphate, and polyaspartic acid on nitrogen cycle, soil properties, and yield of potted rice","authors":"Lexin Jia, Tai Liu, Yanxue Chen, Hongbin Liu, Chengyuan Wu, Hongyuan Wang, Ziyi Wang, Chaodan Niu, Jinhui Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07160-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07160-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Straw, biochar, dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), and polyaspartic acid (PASP) are promising materials to improve soil productivity and alleviate agricultural pollution. However, the comparison of these four materials in rice cultivation, in terms of fertilizer use efficiency and crop yield enhancement, remains limited. A pot experiment was therefore conducted to elucidate the comparative impacts of these materials on gaseous nitrogen loss, rice growth, nutrient uptake, soil properties, and soil nitrifying bacteria during different growth stages with the aim of identifying the optimal material facilitating rice production.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Six treatments were designed as follows: no nitrogen fertilizer (PK), conventional fertilization (NPK), partial substitution of nitrogen in NPK with straw (NPKS), partial substitution of nitrogen in NPK with biochar (NPKC), NPK plus DMPP application (NPKD), and NPK plus PASP application (NPKP).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>For the whole growth period, the inhibition of NH₃ volatilization only occurred in NPKP (17.22%) in comparison with NPK, while DMPP and PASP effectively reduced N₂O emissions by 40.54% and 25.29%, respectively. Moreover, all materials contributed to nitrogen fixation in soil while significantly decreasing the population of AOB bacteria, with PASP and straw demonstrating a significant inhibitory effect on AOA bacteria. Furthermore, straw was more favorable to nutrient uptake and utilization by rice, inducing additional accumulation of nitrogen (71.96%), phosphorus (21.03%), and potassium (14.97%). Lastly, straw, DMPP, and PASP increased the rice yield (&gt; 6%), whereas the impact of biochar was less pronounced.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>When considering factors such as environment, soil properties and crop yield, the application of biodegradable PASP demonstrates comprehensive advantages in rice cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"406 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shift of the ecosystem nitrogen cycle from open to closed within a century along a glacial retreat chronosequence at Mount Gongga, southwest China","authors":"Nuria Basdediós, Samuel Hardegger, Adrien Mestrot, Jipeng Wang, Jun Zhou, Haijian Bing, Yanhong Wu, Wolfgang Wilcke","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07128-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07128-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>To improve our understanding of N cycle development during primary succession after glacial retreat, we (i) assessed the role of biological N₂ fixation, (ii) determined gross ammonification rates to identify the onset of mineralization, (iii) quantified the retention of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ and ¹⁵NO₃⁻ in various ecosystem compartments to evaluate the accumulation of deposited N and (iv) followed the ¹⁵NH₄⁺ label into the soil NO₃⁻ pool to explore the development of nitrification along the subtropical alpine Hailuogou glacial retreat chronosequence, SW China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We measured N stocks and δ¹⁵N values in the dominant tree species, organic layer and 0–10 cm of the mineral soil and quantified N turnover rates and accumulation via ¹⁵N tracer experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>N accumulated in the ecosystem at a fast mean rate of 4.5 ± 1.0 g m⁻² yr⁻¹ favored by an initially near-neutral soil pH value. The δ¹⁵N values of the vegetation started near 0‰ and decreased to a range of -2.7 to -4.4‰ in 127 years. Gross ammonification rates were initially low but increased with ecosystem age from 0.025 to 50.6 mg kg⁻¹ d⁻¹ N, matching those of mature (sub)tropical forests. The maximum accumulation of deposited N shifted from the bryophyte via the shrub layer to the soil organic layer. The ¹⁵NH₄⁺ label hardly appeared in the NO₃⁻ pool reflecting little nitrification.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Strong initial biological N₂ fixation and retention of deposited N was succeeded by a tight N cycling between soil and vegetation at the older sites within approximately 120 yr.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The yield and phosphorus content of maize intercropped with faba bean are enhanced by belowground interspecies interactions at low phosphorus input and by aboveground interactions at high phosphorus input","authors":"Yi Zhang, Wenhao Zhu, Lanyan Luo, Hans Lambers, Chaochun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07168-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07168-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Many studies used physical barriers to separate the roots of different species to dissect the contributions of above- and below-ground interspecies interactions to yield and phosphorus (P) uptake. However, the extent to which the presence of barriers itself alters these contributions remains unknown.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The field study, conducted in 2010 and 2011, used root barriers in both sole cropped and intercropped maize at two P levels. We examined the contributions of interspecies interactions to yield, biomass and P content in all treatments. The field experiment followed a split plot design with two P levels (P0: 0 kg ha⁻¹, and P35: 35 kg P ha⁻¹), three cropping systems (sole maize, sole faba bean and maize/faba bean intercropping), and two types of root separation (solid barrier -SB- and no barrier -NB-).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The presence of a solid barrier negatively impacted the yield of sole maize, reducing it by 26% in 2010 and by 56% in 2011 compared with conditions without a barrier, indicating that the barrier itself adversely affected the growth of sole maize. Notwithstanding the barrier's influence, the belowground interspecies interactions were the primary contributors to the increased grain yield and P content observed in maize/faba bean intercropping under the P0 treatment. In contrast, aboveground interactions were more significant in enhancing the performance of the intercropping system at the P35 treatment.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Phosphorus fertilization diminished the effects of belowground interspecies interactions while amplifying the impact of aboveground interspecies interaction on the advantages of intercropping, regarding grain yield and P uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142939927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}