Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Multivariate analysis unveils antioxidant-nutrient trade-offs in Maize Hybrids: A hierarchical framework for acid soil tolerance evaluation","authors":"Xinghua Chen, Yuxin Xia, Liuqing Chen, Xiaoqi Yin, Suren Deng, Venuste Munyaneza, Lei Shi, Fangsen Xu, Qiang Zhu, Guangda Ding, Chuang Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07525-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07525-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Acid soils, characterized by nutrient deficiencies and metal ion toxicity, severely limit maize yields. Cultivating acid soil tolerant maize represents a promising strategy to address these edaphic constraints.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Through controlled pot experiments, 50 maize hybrids were subjected to acidic soil stress (AS) and optimal soil conditions (CK), evaluating 15 morpho-physiological traits at the V5 stage. Multivariate statistical approaches were employed to identify critical tolerance indicators, with subsequent field validation conducted on four selected genotypes.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Acidic soil stress induced significant alterations across all measured parameters compared to control conditions and revealed substantial genotypic variation in stress responses. Cluster analysis classified the 50 hybrids into five distinct tolerance categories, with two predominant adaptation strategies. Antioxidant-dependent resistance characterized by elevated peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) activities. This strategy prioritized oxidative defense at the expense of biomass production (acid-sensitive varieties). Nutrient optimization strategy demonstrated by superior nitrogen and phosphorus acquisition efficiencies, enabling sustained growth under stress conditions (acid-tolerant varieties). Stepwise regression identified six critical evaluation parameters: plant height, fresh weight, stem diameter, leaf area, total nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation, complemented by antioxidant enzyme profiles and reactive oxygen species levels.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study establishes a comprehensive evaluation framework incorporating 11 validated indicators for screening adaptive maize varieties in acid soil conditions. Field validation confirmed the accuracy of multivariate analysis in selecting acid soil tolerant varieties.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercropping promotes maize growth by enhancing accumulation of specific metabolites in the rhizosphere and synergistic interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus","authors":"Yifan Zhou, Yuanyuan Li, Luyi Pan, Hans Lambers, Xiurong Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07530-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07530-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Both arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and <i>Bacillus</i> can be crucial for enhancing crop yield. However, their contribution to intercropping advantage remains unclear, and the underlying mechanisms require further investigation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We evaluated the effects of inoculation with AM fungi and/or <i>Bacillus</i> on maize and soybean growth in intercropping systems under combined nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stress conditions. Through integrated rhizosheath metabolomics and root transcriptomics analyses, we explored the underlying mechanisms by which root exudates contribute to the formation of intercropping advantage.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Co-inoculation with AM fungi and <i>Bacillus</i> significantly increased plant dry weight and N and P contents of intercropped maize, but had less effects on intercropped soybean. Under co-inoculation, intercropping significantly increased not only plant growth and nutrient acquisition of maize, but also AM colonization and the abundance of <i>Bacillus</i> in the rhizosheath. Integrated root transcriptome and rhizosphere metabolome analyses revealed that intercropped maize accumulated more tryptophol and naringenin chalcone in the rhizosheath, and exhibited up-regulated expression of the genes involved in naringenin synthesis. Additionally, intercropped maize showed a greater accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in the rhizosheath and up-regulated expression of the genes involved in tryptophan metabolism and the IAA-signal-transduction pathway.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Both intercropping and co-inoculation contributed to growth promotion of intercropped maize. The specific metabolites likely promoted AM colonization and <i>Bacillus</i> growth, and impacted plant IAA levels, thereby enhancing growth of intercropped maize.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of soil oxygen distribution: plant species-specific dynamics and optimal levels for plant growth","authors":"Weiwei Zhang, Jianshuang Gao, Azhar Sohail Shahzad, Shunyao Zhuang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07526-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07526-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Soil oxygen contributes to the root growth of plants, yet its correlation to the rhizosphere nutrient cycling and plant growth, as well as the optimal ranges remains poorly defined across diverse plant species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a meta-analysis with nine plant species (including bamboo, tomato, wheat, barley, jojoba, maize, peach, reed, and rice) from six countries to elucidate the relationships between soil oxygen levels and the growth of plant species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results revealed a gradient of soil oxygen availability, with bamboo exhibiting the highest levels (16%–22%) and tomato and wheat frequently falling below 10%. Aeration significantly increased soil oxygen by 13.50% (8.29%–18.71%), while mulched provided a significant reduction, and their combined application yielded a 9.32% improvement relative to mulched alone. Soil oxygen decreased with depth, reaching a minimum at 31–40 cm. Notably, increased soil oxygen availability was strongly correlated with improved biomass and root activity in bamboo and rice, and enhanced soil organic matter and temperature in bamboo and tomato, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Localized regression analyses identified species-specific optimal soil oxygen ranges—for instance, 19.4%–21.6% for bamboo biomass, 12%–13% for jojoba biomass, and 8.4%–9.4% for rice root activity—underscoring the potential benefits of targeted oxygen enrichment in the 10–30 cm soil zone. These findings offer a scientific basis for optimizing soil oxygen management to enhance crop productivity under variable agronomic conditions.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus additions on soil particulate organic carbon through altering microbial decomposition in two tropical montane rainforests","authors":"Kai Dong, Zixin Chen, Suhui Ma, Xuemei Yang, Wenao Wu, Danhua Zhang, Chen Yang, Fan Fan, Jiangling Zhu, Chengjun Ji, Jingyun Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07538-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07538-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Nutrient availability affects soil microbial activity, thereby regulating soil carbon (C) formation, turnover and storage. Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs are altering soil nutrients, but their consequences for soil organic carbon (SOC) and its components in P-limited tropical forests are poorly understood.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted a 13-year-long nutrient addition experiment in two tropical montane forests to investigate the effects of N and P additions on soil particulate organic carbon (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Long-term high-N addition increased soil POC concentration and its contribution to SOC through altering edaphic conditions (i.e., soil acidification and nutrient imbalance) and suppressing microbial biomass C together with activity of lignin-modifying enzymes. However, P addition had minor effects on POC pool, which was mainly attributed to alleviate P limitation and stimulate microbial decomposition. In addition, N and P additions did not significantly change soil MAOC in both forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our results indicated that soil microorganisms play key roles in regulating soil C cycling through extracellular enzymes under N and P additions, suggesting a necessity of incorporating it into the prediction of ecosystem C dynamics under global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143946288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a simplified method for efficient assessment of tree uprooting resistance from large-deformation numerical parametric analyses on root system architecture","authors":"Qi Huang, Yu Wang, Anthony Kwan Leung, Kostas Senetakis","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07513-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07513-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Uprooting resistance of a tree is closely related to its root system architecture (RSA), which is rather complex, diverse, and invisible from the ground surface. Conducting tree stability assessment by numerically modeling every underground RSA of millions of urban trees is prohibitive in terms of time and resources. This study aims to reveal the general root anchorage mechanism of various types of RSAs and propose a simplified method for an efficient assessment of tree uprooting resistance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A validated truss-embedded material point model (MPM) is adopted to simulate the large-deformation uprooting process of different RSAs (i.e., tap-, plate-, heart- and sinker-shaped RSAs) and investigate their root anchorage mechanisms. A comprehensive parametric study involving 90 RSAs is performed to explore statistical correlations between RSA envelopes and uprooting resistance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The failure modes of different RSAs demonstrate a similar “cage effect” (i.e., a root-soil composite is uprooted from the ground). The uprooting resistance of trees generally contains two parts, i.e., the soil strength mobilized at the envelope of the uprooted root system and the soil weight captured by the “root cage”. The cage effect is more pronounced with an increasing root length density.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The proposed simplified method offers a novel way for an efficient assessment of tree uprooting resistance without a need of performing computationally-demanding MPM simulations. When root properties, soil properties, and dimensions of an RSA envelope are known, the tree uprooting resistance can be estimated.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural changes and Cd immobilization mechanism of Solanum nigrum pectin in root and leaf cell walls under Cd stress","authors":"Yue Teng, Huibo Sun, Yi Xiao, Jiawei Hu, Rui Xu, Longteng Zhi, Hongyan Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07539-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07539-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Pectin plays an important role in cell wall cadmium (Cd) immobilization. The molecular structure of pectin exerts a pronounced influence on its immobilization ability. This study investigates the structural modifications of pectin in root and leaf cell walls of hyperaccumulators under Cd stress and explores the mechanisms underlying Cd immobilization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Two kinds of Cd concentrations (50 and 100 μM) were set up in this experiment to study the physiological reactions of pectin and the structural changes of pectin polysaccharides in the root and leaf cell walls of <i>Solanum nigrum L</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>According to the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Cd stress can induce numerous free hydroxyl and carboxyl groups in pectin. These hydroxyl and carboxyl groups may be derived from the modifications of Pectinase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME), and may be the main sites for the immobilization of Cd in pectin. Moreover, the structure of pectin was characterized. With the increase of Cd stress, both the proportion of homogalacturonan (HG) and the linearity of pectin increased. Increased HG could enhance the immobilization of Cd through structures such as \"egg-box\", indicating that structural changes also play an important role in the immobilization of Cd by pectin.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In the range of 0–100 μM Cd, pectin in leaves tended to immobilize Cd by increasing the proportion of HG components and the linearity of pectin. In roots, variations in PME enzyme activity and HG components also affect the immobilization of Cd by pectin.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spartina alterniflora invasion enhances sediment nitrification processes in coastal wetland","authors":"Xianbiao Lin, Dongyao Sun, Zihao Wang, Dengzhou Gao, Weifang Hu, Wei Du","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07522-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07522-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p><i>Spartina alterniflora</i> (<i>S. alterniflora</i>) invasion notably impacts sediment nitrogen (N) biogeochemical processes in coastal wetlands. However, its effects on different nitrification processes and their mechanisms in both surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–20 cm) sediments remain unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Potential nitrification rates mediated by ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), bacteria (AOB), and comammox <i>Nitrospira</i> (PAR_AOA, PAR_AOB, and comammox rates), their relative contributions, functional genes (AOA, AOB<i>,</i> and Ntsp-<i>aomA</i>), and controlling factors were investigated in both surface and subsurface sediments of native <i>Cyperus malacensis</i> and adjacent <i>S. alterniflora</i>-invaded habitats with varying years (6, 10, and 14 years) in the Minjiang River Estuary, China.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>These three nitrification rates varied both spatially and seasonally. Summer nitrification rates (5.57 ± 2.28 μg N g^–1 d^–1) in both surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–20 cm) sediments of these ecosystems were substantially higher than winter levels (3.78 ± 1.76 μg N g^–1 d^–1). <i>S. alterniflora</i> invasion increased nitrification rates (39.54–68.13%) and associated functional gene abundances (28.08–52.92%) in both seasons, with surface sediments (118.40–153.85%) markedly showing higher values than subsurface layers (32.80–73.17%). Additionally, the relative contribution of PAR_AOA in nitrification exhibited a marked enhancement with the <i>S. alterniflora</i> invasion. PLS-PM results further indicated that the spatiotemporal fluctuations in sediment nitrification rates were predominantly driven by organic matter accumulation and ambient temperature.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>These findings highlight the substantial influence of <i>S. alterniflora</i> invasion on sediment nitrification dynamics, providing fundamental data for estimating N budgets and turnover in the estuarine wetlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"229 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KH2PO4 and salicylic acid synergistically promote the germination of rapeseed, Brassica napus, under aluminum stress","authors":"Hongsong Shi, Chenyang Li, Qingyuan Zhou, Jiana Li, Cui Cui","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07449-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07449-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soil has become one of the main stress factors affecting seed germination of crops like rapeseed. Therefore, chemical intervention to alleviate Al stress during rapeseed germination could have a positive effect improving seed germination and promoting strong seedling growth.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, seeds of the rapeseed cultivar, Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11) were treated with various concentrations of KH₂PO₄ and salicylic acid (SA) during germination, and a quadratic saturation D-optimal regression design was used to derive the optimal concentration for alleviating Al stress (672 <i>μM</i> and 87.5 <i>μM</i> respectively). KH₂PO₄ (KP), SA, and the combination (KP + SA) were applied during rapeseed germination, followed by phenotypic assessment, measurement of physiological indices, and transcriptome sequencing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results showed that KP, SA and KP + SA treatments significantly increased the seed vigor and radicle length and reduced the concentration of reactive oxygen species and proline under Al stress. Treatment with KP + SA was significantly more effective than either KP or SA alone. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified six differentially expressed genes in the KP + SA treatment group, which could enhance the antioxidant response and Al³⁺ transport in rapeseed radicles through glutathione metabolism, ABC transporters, and other pathways to alleviate Al stress.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The results of this study demonstrate that the synergistic effect of KH₂PO₄ and SA can significantly improve the growth and adaptability of rapeseed seeds in acidic soils, which holds significant importance for agricultural production and soil management.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topography mediates contrasting patterns of glomalin-related soil protein and its contribution to soil organic carbon in a tropical montane rainforest","authors":"Zhangqi Ding, Yanpeng Li, Jieyang Liu, Zhijian Mou, Jun Wang, Donghai Wu, Dafeng Hui, Jordi Sardans, Josep Peñuelas, Daniel F. Petticord, Han Xu, Zhanfeng Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07515-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07515-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Glomalin-related soil protein (GRSP), is a metabolite exuded by the extraradical hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which enhances soil structure and consequently is often associated with improved fertility in forest soils. This study investigates how topography and local environmental conditions influence GRSP and its ratio with soil organic carbon (GRSP/SOC) to support forest management and carbon stock conservation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In a 60-ha Jianfengling tropical montane rainforest plot, we investigated the spatial patterns of GRSP and GRSP/SOC across ridges, slopes, and valleys. Using a Random Forest model that accounted for spatial autocorrelation, we assessed how GRSP and GRSP/SOC varied with respect to topography, plant diversity, and soil physicochemistry.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>GRSP and GRSP/SOC exhibited strong spatial autocorrelation, with contrasting topographic trends: GRSP peaked in ridges but was lowest in valleys, whereas GRSP/SOC was highest in valleys. Soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and pH were key predictors of GRSP in ridges, while pH was the critical predictor of GRSP/SOC in valleys. Notably, total tree diversity—but not AMF-associated tree abundance or biomass— was significantly correlated with the relative contribution of easily extractable GRSP to SOC.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Topography strongly influences the spatial distribution of GRSP and GRSP/SOC in tropical montane rainforests, with divergent patterns between these metrics. Total tree diversity, rather than AMF tree diversity, better predicts GRSP/SOC variations, evidence of important feedbacks between plant communities and the potential to sequester carbon in soil. These findings highlight the need to integrate landscape heterogeneity and biodiversity into forest carbon management strategies.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing soil labile organic matter through oilseed rape-rice rotation and straw returning in paddy-upland systems","authors":"Shuntao Zhang, Tao Ren, Yating Fang, Jian Zhao, Jun Zhu, Wen-feng Cong, Hans Lambers, Jianwei Lu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-025-07517-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-025-07517-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil labile organic matter (LOM) plays a vital role in enhancing soil productivity and fertility. However, the annual variability of LOM content and structure under diverse crop rotation and fertilization practices remains insufficiently investigated.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This 5-year field study investigates the impact of different fertilization treatments—no fertilization (CK), conventional fertilization (CF), recommended fertilization (RF), and recommended fertilization with straw returning (RF + S)—on the content and structure of LOM under oilseed rape-rice (OR) and wheat-rice (WR) cropping systems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results showed that the effect of rotation type on soil LOM was most pronounced during the upland season, while fertilization effects were significant across the entire annual paddy-upland rotation system. During the upland season, the OR rotation, excluding the CF treatment, resulted in significantly higher increases in soil easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate nitrogen (PN) compared to the WR rotation with same fertilization treatments. The RF and RF + S treatments significantly enhanced soil LOM contents in both rotations. Excitation Emission Matrix (EEM) and UV–Visible absorption analyses indicated that the OR rotation had a higher degree of humification, a more aromatic structure, and greater levels of colored dissolved organic matter (DOM) than the WR rotation.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In summary, the OR rotation, especially with straw returning, is an effective strategy for enhancing both the content and structural stability of LOM. This approach promotes improved soil quality and offers a sustainable solution for long-term fertility management in paddy-upland rotations.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Highlights</h3><ul>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Rotation and fertilization practices jointly affect soil LOM content and structure.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>Oilseed rape in paddy-upland rotation improves LOM content and composition.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000<li>\u0000<p>The LOM difference between OR and WR rotations mainly appears in the upland season.</p>\u0000</li>\u0000</ul>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143926425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}