Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Science losing its way: examples from the realm of microbial N2-fixation in cereals and other non-legumes","authors":"Ken E. Giller, Euan K. James, Julie Ardley, Murray J. Unkovich","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07001-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07001-1","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Despite more than 50 years of research, no robust evidence suggests that inoculation of cereals and other non-legumes with free-living and/or endophytic bacteria leads to fixation of agronomically significant quantities of dinitrogen gas (N₂) from the atmosphere. A plethora of new products claims to increase the growth and yields of major cereals and other crops through stimulating N₂-fixation by inoculating with bacteria.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Scope</h3><p>We review the literature on N₂-fixation by bacteria in the rhizosphere and as endophytes in non-legume plants. We find no unequivocal evidence that these bacteria fix agriculturally significant amounts of N₂ from the atmosphere in non-legumes. Research since the 1930s has followed repeated, overlapping cycles that have concluded that plant-growth-promoting hormones were the primary reason for crop response to microbial inoculants.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>We contend that regulations are required to prevent the sale of inoculant products with unsubstantiated and spurious claims. Such regulations should require that unequivocal evidence is provided and independently verified, that: (i) the inoculant bacterium can fix N₂ from the atmosphere (i.e. that it possesses all the genes required to make nitrogenase), (ii) it has a clear mechanism to protect nitrogenase from poisoning by free oxygen, (iii) the bacterium is present in sufficient numbers throughout the growth cycle of the plant, (iv) that enhanced respiration can be detected from the putative N₂-fixing tissues, (v) that inoculation of the non-legume growing in an N-free medium leads to prolific growth and accumulation of nitrogen, and (vi) more than one method is used to confirm quantitatively significant inputs from N₂-fixation in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of coupled wetland soil–plant ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus under different disturbance intensities","authors":"Yuhan Zou, Xiying Tang, Lijuan Cui, Huazhe Li, Yinru Lei, Xinsheng Zhao, Xiajie Zhai, Jing Li, Jinzhi Wang, Rumiao Wang, Wei Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07031-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07031-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Wetlands play an important role in biogeochemical cycle processes and are pivotal in sustaining ecosystem functions and mitigating climate change. This study investigated the intertwined ecological stoichiometry of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) within the soil–plant system of the Hanzhong Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi, under varying levels of ecological disturbance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted field investigations and nutrient analyses of both plants and soil during the peak growing season in July and August 2022.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Comprehensive statistical analysis was performed to evaluate variations in soil and plant stoichiometric traits across different disturbance levels within the study area. One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed significant differences in soil and plant stoichiometric traits under varying disturbance intensities (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Regression analysis demonstrated that disturbance intensity is a significant predictor of nutrient variability, particularly affecting soil N and P content. Effect sizes indicated that disturbance has a considerable impact on plant P levels, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) highlighted distinct clustering of sites based on nutrient stoichiometric ratios, explaining 68% of the variance. The findings underscore the critical role of disturbance intensity in shaping the ecological stoichiometry of wetland ecosystems.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The findings of this study indicate the significant impacts of disturbance intensity on the stoichiometric traits of soil and plants, particularly highlighted by the elevated C and N levels in PJW under high disturbance conditions. These variations suggest that disturbance regimes could play a critical role in shaping ecological stoichiometry, although further experimental studies are required to delineate the causative mechanisms behind these patterns.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The native Indian mimosoid tree Prosopis cineraria shares diverse root nodulating rhizobia symbionts with exotic species of Neltuma (ex-Prosopis)","authors":"Garima Bissa, Nisha Tak, Bhawana Chouhan, Euan K. James, Hukam S. Gehlot","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07011-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07011-z","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Root nodule microsymbionts of native <i>Prosopis cineraria</i> and three exotic species of <i>Neltuma</i> (formerly <i>Prosopis</i>), <i>N</i>. <i>juliflora</i>, <i>N</i>. <i>alba</i> and <i>N</i>. <i>pallida</i>, were trapped from soils of different agro-climatic regions of India to analyze preferences of host plants towards their microsymbionts.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Ability of <i>Prosopis</i>/<i>Neltuma</i> species to nodulate in alkaline to acidic soils was determined through trap experiments. Nodule anatomy was examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. Symbionts were genetically characterized using multi locus gene sequence-based phylogenies of core and symbiotic genes. Host range was confirmed through cross-inoculation experiments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Nodules of <i>Prosopis</i> and <i>Neltuma</i> species are of the mimosoid type with genetically diverse strains of <i>Ensifer/Sinorhizobium</i>, <i>Mesorhizobium</i>, <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> and <i>Rhizobium</i> as their microsymbionts. Only <i>P</i>. <i>cineraria</i> nodulated in acidic soils of Meghalaya wherein it adopted <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> as symbionts. In addition to large variability based on core genes, substantial diversity was observed in the <i>nodA</i> genes harbored by <i>Sinorhizobium</i> with clear incidences of horizontal gene transfer; several <i>Sinorhizobium</i> strains harbored dominant and typical “Indian mimosoid clade” <i>nodA</i> genes. <i>Sinorhizobium</i> is the dominant symbiont of <i>Prosopis</i>/<i>Neltuma</i> species and cross nodulates related Indian native mimosoids such as <i>Mimosa himalayana</i> and species of <i>Vachellia</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Overlaps were seen in symbionts isolated from the native and exotic species suggesting that these hosts are open and inclusive towards a wide range of symbionts irrespective of their origin. Most tree rhizobia were incompatible with herbaceous papilionoid legumes. Invasive mesquites are assisted in their invasiveness by their ability to nodulate with native rhizobia.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil pH and drought affect nutrient resorption of Leymus chinensis in the Inner Mongolian grasslands along a 1200-km transect","authors":"Senmao Zhang, Qiang Deng, Robert L. Kallenbach, Zhiyou Yuan","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07035-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07035-5","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Plants retain and reabsorb nutrients as a resource conservation strategy. However, studies demonstrating the patterns of nutrient resorption for a single species across a broad spatial scale in grassland ecosystems are still scarce, and our understanding of how environmental changes modify these patterns remains limited.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We established a 1200-km transect in Inner Mongolia, China, and selected the local dominant species of <i>Leymus chinensis</i> to explore the spatial patterns and predictors of nutrient resorption.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Nitrogen (NRE) and phosphorus resorption efficiency (PRE) decreased with increasing latitude, while they increased with elevation across our transect. The average values of NRE and PRE were 63.7% and 70.2%, respectively. The NRE of <i>L. chinensis</i> was lower than its PRE, suggesting that the <i>L. chinensis</i> in Inner Mongolian generally suffers from P deficiency. Soil pH and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index of current growing season (SPEIgs) emerged as the primary predictors influencing spatial variations in nutrient resorption. NRE and PRE increased with soil pH and decreased with SPEIgs, emphasizing that nutrient resorption is particularly sensitive to changes in nutrient and water availability. Moreover, soil contributed significantly more than climatic factors in driving large-scale changes in nutrient resorption.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Soil pH and SPEIgs co-regulated the spatial patterns of nutrient resorption. <i>L. chinensis</i> was at phosphorus limitation in the study area. Soil characteristics can better explain the variation of nutrient resorption than climate factors, highlighting that the soil is a critical aspect when predicting the relative vulnerability of natural communities to environmental changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment of environmental effect and economic benefit for apple orchard under different stand ages in the Loess Plateau, China","authors":"Man Zhang, Lu Cai, Cui Li, Qiong Zhang, Weixin Wang, Kaixuan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06999-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06999-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods and aims</h3><p>This study continuously monitored the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from different stand ages apple orchards, estimated the carbon footprint (CF) based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, and evaluated the net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB) and net ecosystem economic benefit (NEEB).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The CO₂ emissions from soil respiration increased with the stand ages. The N₂O emission in 15-year fertilized orchard (N15) was higher than that in 5-year fertilized orchard (N5) and 25-year fertilized orchard (N25) by 119.5% and 53.7%, respectively. Compared to non-fertilized plots, fertilization significantly increased the soil CO₂ emissions, N₂O emissions, soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC) contents and soil organic carbon sequestration rate (SOCSR). Meanwhile, SOC, MBC, SOCSR increased with the stand ages. The total CF in different stand ages apple orchards ranged from –786.8 to 8768.1 kg CO₂-eq ha^–1yr^–1, and the CF was positively correlated with fertilizer application rates and N₂O emissions. For the fertilized plots, fertilizer (38.6%-49.1%) and N₂O emissions (12.0%-14.9%) were the top two contributors to total CF. N₂O emissions and pesticides were essential contributors to total CF for the non-fertilized plots. The NECB was negatively correlated with yield and CO₂ emissions, and the NEEB was positively correlated with yield, excessive fertilizer input decreased the NEEB.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>The optimizing fertilizer management and increasing apple yield should be the efficiency strategies employed to increase economic benefit and decrease environmental effects, which would be beneficial to the sustainable development of apple orchards in Loess Plateau, China.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influences of mangrove grown on sedimentary nitrate reduction activities are more pronounced in sandy coasts compared to muddy coasts","authors":"Dongfan Tian, Xianbiao Lin, Pengfei Zheng, Guoling Zhang, Jing Li, Mingrui Wang, Kangwei Liu, Tiantian Kong, Shiyuan Fan, Peng Guo, Sumei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07016-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07016-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Mangrove forests have the potential to colonize and grow in both muddy and sandy coastal areas, but the effects of mangrove presence or absence on nitrate (NO_x⁻) reduction processes in these two types of coastal sediments have not been well studied.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Method</h3><p>The dynamics of NO_x⁻ reduction processes were studied in surface sediments (0–5 cm) of mangrove and the adjacent bare flat in muddy and sandy coasts of China using stable isotope (¹⁵N) pairing and quantitative PCR.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Result</h3><p>Sediment NO_x⁻ reduction rates (denitrification, anammox and DNRA) and their relative contributions (DEN%, ANA% and DNRA%) exhibited significant spatial and temporal variations, while the function-related genes (<i>nirS</i>, ANA 16S rRNA and <i>nrfA</i>) only exhibited significant differences in space. Sediment grain size, organic matter, nutrients, Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺, sulfide and temperature were critical factors controlling spatial and temporal variability in NO_x⁻ reduction rates. Mangrove grown in muddy coasts only had a significant impact on DNRA rates (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), while the impact on denitrification and anammox rates were both not significant (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). The N retention index (NIRI) variation indicated that the presence of mangrove had a more significant positive role of N retention in sandy coasts than in muddy coasts.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Mangrove grown in sandy coast is more effective at promoting both sediment N-loss and N retention activities compared to those in muddy coast. And our results highlight the impact of mangroves on NO_x⁻ reduction processes in muddy and sandy sediments, which is crucial for effective management and conservation efforts in nearshore ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indirect effects of soil warming on litter decomposition via changes in litter quality of dominant tree species in three cool-temperate forests","authors":"Miki U. Ueda, Masahiro Nakamura, Tatsuro Nakaji, Kobayashi Makoto, Tsutom Hiura","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07023-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07023-9","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Soil warming influences decomposition not only through direct changes in the soil environment, but also by modifying litter quality. We tested the indirect effects by examining whether warming-induced changes in soil nitrogen (N) mineralization rates affect litter quality and decomposition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Soil warming experiments were conducted in three forests characterized by differing snow depths. Soil N dynamics and leaf litter quality were measured after 5–8 years of warming. Following this warming treatment, a 2-year litter-bag experiment was performed.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Soil warming affected soil N dynamics and the litter carbon-to-nitrogen (C: N) ratio, with varying effects across forests. The parameters of N dynamics during the growing season correlated with the C: N ratio of litter across the three forests; in the shallow snow forest, winter N dynamics were also related. Unlike the other two forests where the snowpack prevents soil freezing, freezing occurs in the shallow snow forest. When warming prevents freezing, ammonia production is suppressed in winer, associated with a higher C: N ratio in the litter. Additionally, in our study, soil warming decreased phenol concentrations in the shallow snow forest. Multiple regression analysis indicated that phenol concentration and C: N ratio in the litter were critical to decomposition, particularly during the early phase. Among litter traits, phenol concentration emerged as the strongest predictor of decomposition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Soil warming changes litter quality, linked to changes in soil N dynamics, potentially affecting decomposition rates. This reveals indirect effects of soil warming and underscore the impacts on ecosystem processes through plant-soil interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative associations between aboveground and belowground biodiversity were primarily driven by specific microbial groups mediated by abiotic factors","authors":"Xian Wu, Jiarong Yang, Junfang Chen, Xiaolin Liu, Shu Dong, Yu Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07024-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07024-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Despite increasing evidence of strong relationships between plants and soil microbial communities, most studies on this topic have been controlled experimental studies at small spatial and temporal scales.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, we examined the relationships between tree communities and soil microbial communities by examining 1,287 soil samples collected from a 20-ha subtropical forest plot using high-throughput sequencing.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>We found a negative association between above- and belowground biodiversity, primarily driven by the interactions between tree communities and six specific soil microbial genera (<i>Bryobacter</i>, <i>ADurb.Bin063-1</i>, <i>Russula</i>, <i>Archaeorhizomyces</i>, <i>Tolypocladium</i>, and <i>Trichoderma</i>). These interactions were mediated by abiotic factors, particularly metal elements, which were positively correlated with the relative abundance of these specific microbial groups but negatively correlated with tree richness. Random forest analysis revealed that <i>Archaeorhizomyces</i> was most strongly correlated to the total basal area of evergreen and deciduous trees. Additionally, structural equation modeling indicated that the indirect impact of abiotic factors on <i>Archaeorhizomyces</i> was mediated by the total basal area of trees.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Overall, our results provide robust observational evidence for the intricate relationship between tree diversity and soil microbial communities at a large scale, revealing that specific microbial genera and abiotic factors, particularly metal elements, play crucial roles in regulating this relationship. Effective management of these interactions is essential for maintaining ecosystem function and resilience in subtropical forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142449598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of simulated Martian regolith on Arabidopsis growth, circadian rhythms and rhizosphere microbiota","authors":"Yuanyuan Zhao, Rujia Luo, Haoran Zhang, Li Yuan, Xiaoting Fang, Xinjie Tong, Yongyu Qian, Zengxuan Zhou, Yilin Yang, Xiaojia Zeng, Jian-Feng Li, Xiaodong Xu, Qiguang Xie, Ben-Qiang Gong, Jinhu Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-06970-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06970-7","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>The environment on Mars dramatically differs from that on the Earth, including light, radiation, magnetic field and regolith, however, the effects of Martian regolith on plant growth, environmental fitness, circadian rhythm, and rhizosphere microbiota remains unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We grew <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> in simulated Martian regolith (SMR) and the changes in plant growth and development were observed. The changes in circadian rhythms of <i>CCA1:LUC</i> activity were monitored and transcriptomic expression was assessed by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). 16S rRNA sequencing was carried out to analyze the rhizosphere microbiota.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>Arabidopsis</i> grown in SMR displayed significantly repressed growth and rosette leaf development, and the seedlings died after 50 days with only one pair of euphylla. The plants grown in SMR showed an overall dramatically disrupted circadian rhythm. Growth in SMR led to changes in the rhythmicity of a subset of genes that regulate multiple pathways, including the circadian rhythm, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. Furthermore, we identified genes associated with the circadian clock and metal metabolism. SMR contains lower absorbable contents of some basic elements, and supplementation with iron (Fe) partially restored the disturbed circadian phenotypes. Moreover, among the rhizosphere microbiota in SMR, the decreased abundance of Actinobacteria were observed, which may be associated with Fe metabolism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>SMR may have deleterious effects on plant growth, uptake and metabolism of elements, and circadian clock. The low absorbable level of Fe in SMR may be one of the factors causing disruption of the plant’s circadian clock and the altered abundance of microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen addition enhances stable soil carbon accumulation during ectomycorrhizal hyphae decomposition","authors":"Wentong Gao, Qitong Wang, Na Li, Ruihong Wang, Xinjun Zhang, Huajun Yin","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07004-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07004-y","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Ectomycorrhizal fungi are pivotal drivers in storing carbon (C) in soil. Yet, whether and how ectomycorrhizal hyphae turnover controls soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation under nitrogen (N) deposition remains unknown.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We quantified the responses of SOC and its physical fractions (particulate organic carbon, POC and mineral-associated organic carbon, MAOC) regulated by ectomycorrhizal hyphae decomposition to chronic N addition (25 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, 50 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). We also explored the microbial necromass C (i.e. amino sugar) contributions SOC accumulation mediated by ectomycorrhizal hyphae decomposition under N addition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Our results showed that the ectomycorrhizal hyphae decomposition promoted the SOC sequestration dominated by MAOC accrual, and this positive effect was enhanced under N addition. Furthermore, the effects of N addition on stable SOC fraction accumulation during ectomycorrhizal hyphae decomposition was mainly attributed to the increase of microbial necromass C and the enhancement of mineral protection for SOC.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>Our results highlight the importance of ectomycorrhizal hyphae decomposition in regulating stable SOC accumulation under N deposition. Collectively, our findings provide direct evidence for the significant role of ectomycorrhizal hyphae turnover on soil C dynamics, and contribute valuable insights into ectomycorrhizal hyphae turnover and associated soil C feedback under atmospheric N deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}