Plant and Soil最新文献

{"title":"Deep and continuous root development in ameliorated soil improves water and nutrient uptakes and wheat yield in water-limited conditions","authors":"Gaus Azam, Kanch Wickramarachchi, Craig Scanlan, Yinglong Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07153-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07153-0","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Despite the widespread co-occurrence of subsoil acidity and compaction, the interaction between these factors and their combined effects on root system development under water-limited conditions is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate how the removal of soil strength and acidity influenced root development and examine relationships between root system properties and shoot growth under field conditions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>Images of root growth were obtained in situ by using rhizotron facilities to assess the temporal effects of soil improvement through loosening and lime incorporation on wheat root development in the 2018 season. Following this, we examined the relationship between enhanced root systems, water and nutrient uptakes, and overall crop performance.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The results indicated that improved soil conditions significantly enhanced planar root length density (pRLD) through the elongation and proliferation of wheat roots in the subsoil. Regressing tree analysis suggested that subsoil strength had a more dominant influence on pRLD compared to soil pH or aluminium — leading to higher water uptake, wheat head density and yield. In addition to the benefit of loosening, the lime treatment improved soil acidity, promoting continuous root growth with root hairs, allowing plants to access previously unavailable nutrients and improve yield further. This highlights the critical role of managing multiple soil constraints for optimising crop productivity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>In this study, the integration of root images and soil properties data provided a deeper understanding of root-soil interactions which could be useful for developing sustainable soil management practices to optimise crop productivity under challenging conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of straw addition on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) heavy metal absorption and microbial community structure","authors":"Jiuwei Song, Yunxiu Zhao, Yuhan Cai, Boping Tang, Fenghua Ding, Philip C. Brookes, Xingmei Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07156-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07156-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Soil contaminated with heavy metals not only affects human health and safety but also poses a potential threat to the ecological balance of soil microbes. Ryegrass effectively extracts heavy metals from soil. Straw can increase the biomass of ryegrass, but the effects of straw addition on heavy metal absorption and changes in soil microbial community structure remain unclear. Our objective was to determine whether straw addition was beneficial to heavy metal accumulation in ryegrass and how straw addition changed the soil microbial community structure.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In our study, straw was added to soil contaminated with cadmium, copper, and zinc. We planted ryegrass in the greenhouse and measured the heavy metal content in the roots and shoots of ryegrass at 50 days.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Straw addition increased available heavy metal conversion, soil microbial biomass, and ryegrass yield, increasing heavy metal absorption by ryegrass. An opposite trend was observed between the available heavy metals and soil microbial biomass during the ryegrass growth period. The bacterial community structure was primarily affected by the available heavy metal concentrations and the soil physicochemical properties. Bacteria with heavy metal resistance and straw decomposition ability dominated the soil after straw addition.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusions</h3><p>This study showed that straw addition can not only increase the heavy metal absorption of ryegrass but also act as a substrate to change the bacterial community structure. The results of this study provided directions for increasing the ability of plants to extract heavy metals and changing the soil microbial community structure using straw.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and transcriptomic analyses of the newly screened Bacillus sp. LX1 strain provide insights into its tolerance to Cd and enhancement of phytoextraction","authors":"Xiong Li, Na Hu, Yanshuang Li, Ting Yang, Jianchu Xu","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07107-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07107-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background</h3><p>Efficient microbe-assisted phytoremediation is urgently needed for coping with heavy metal-polluted environments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, a new strain of rhizobacteria from Cd-contaminated soil was screened, and its environmental adaptability, physiological characteristics, and effects on Cd phytoextraction were investigated. Furthermore, genomic sequencing and transcriptomic analysis were performed to explore the mechanisms underlying these functional characteristics.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>This strain, which was named <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LX1, was highly adaptable to Cd, pH, and temperature variations and exhibited typical plant growth-promoting characteristics. Inoculation with <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LX1 in rhizosphere improved Cd accumulation in mustard roots and shoots by 54.1% and 43.7%, respectively. These results can be attributed to increased plant growth, activated rhizospheric Cd bioavailability, and induced Cd transporter-encoding genes (e.g., <i>HMA1</i>, <i>ZIP2</i>, <i>ZIP3</i>, <i>NRAMP3</i>, and <i>CAX2</i>) in mustard roots. Integrated genomic and transcriptomic analyses provided molecular insights into its tolerance to Cd and enhancement of phytoextraction. The <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LX1 genome consists of a chromosome and a plasmid carrying a total of 5,934 genes with multiple functions. Under Cd (5 and 25 mg L⁻¹) stress, <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LX1 activated several important KEGG pathways, including quorum sensing, nucleotide excision repair, sulphur metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism, to resist Cd. Moreover, Cd regulated the synthesis of IAA, organic acids, siderophores, phosphatases, and extracellular polysaccharides, providing the material basis for <i>Bacillus</i> sp. LX1 to promote plant growth and increase soil Cd bioavailability.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study greatly improves our understanding of the interactions among plants, rhizobacteria, and Cd.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142849147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking root xylem anatomy to tensile strength: insights from four broadleaved tree species in the Hyrcanian forests","authors":"Reza Oladi, Reyhaneh Aliverdikhani, Ehsan Abdi","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07148-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07148-x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>High root tensile strength (RTS) is crucial for tree stability, windthrow resistance, soil reinforcement, and erosion control. However, RTS varies across species, and the underlying causes remain poorly understood. RTS is directly linked to anatomical structure and fiber morphology, which influence its resistance to stress. This study explores the relationship between xylem anatomy and RTS in four broadleaved species—<i>Acer velutinum</i>, <i>Fagus orientalis</i>, <i>Quercus castaneifolia</i>, and <i>Carpinus betulus</i>—from the Hyrcanian forests of Iran.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>RTS was measured, and fiber biometry, including fiber length, width, lumen width, and wall thickness, was quantified on macerated fibers. Vessel lumen fraction was also assessed through microscopic examination of root cross-sections.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p><i>A. velutinum</i> (Persian maple) exhibited the highest RTS, while <i>F. orientalis</i> displayed the lowest. A negative power relationship was observed between root diameter and RTS. Among fiber traits, fiber length and width had the strongest positive influence on RTS. Persian maple, as the species with strongest root, possessed the longest and widest fibers. Conversely, <i>F. orientalis</i>, the weakest one, displayed the shortest and thinnest fibers with the most robust cell walls. The relationship between quantitative vascular features of xylem and RTS was inconclusive, across species.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>This study revealed the complex interplay between xylem anatomical traits and RTS. Fiber characteristics, particularly a dense network of long, wide, and more flexible fibers, were found to strengthen root. Further research should explore the interplay of multiple anatomical features to provide a comprehensive understanding of RTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The control effect of endophytic fungus Fusarium equiseti FUS-8 on cotton Verticillium wilt and its effects on soil microbial communities","authors":"Yun Zhang, Chao Xue, Xin Wang, Jianhua Zhang, Aiyu Wang, Yuanxue Yang, Xi Jia, Wenjuan Zhang, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07141-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07141-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>Cotton Verticillium wilt is a very serious soil-borne disease caused mainly by <i>Verticillium dahliae</i>, which severely affects the yield and quality of cotton. There has been an increasing amount of research on the biocontrol of plant disease; however, there is still a lack of effective biocontrol strains.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>In this study, antagonistic endophytic fungi were screened to inhibit <i>V. dahliae</i>, and soil microbiome technologies were used to characterize the biocontrol mechanism.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The strain FUS-8 was isolated from cotton stems; the strain significantly inhibited the growth of <i>V. dahliae</i> and was identified as <i>Fusarium equiseti</i>. FUS-8 had a small amount of cellulase activity, and its fermentation broth significantly inhibited the sporulation and colony formation of <i>V. dahliae</i>. After inoculation with FUS-8 in the greenhouse and field, the disease index significantly decreased. Preinoculation with FUS-8 inhibited the expression of <i>pod</i>. FUS-8 colonized the roots, hypocotyls, and stems of cotton. After preinoculation with FUS-8 in the greenhouse, the Shannon and Sobs indices of fungi and bacteria significantly decreased. The abundance of <i>Bacillus</i> genus in the treatment group was significantly greater than that in the control group 4 days after preinoculation with FUS-8 and 14 days after inoculation with V991. The LDA value of <i>Bacillus</i> in the treatment group was the highest at the genus level after inoculation with FUS-8 only; after reinoculation with V991, <i>Pseudoxanthomonas</i> had the highest LDA value in the treatment group.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>FUS-8 altered soil microbial communities, enriched beneficial bacteria, and reduced the incidence of cotton Verticillium wilt.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different biocontrol bacteria treatments on the plant quality and rhizosphere soil microorganisms of Verticillium wilt-infested alfalfa plants","authors":"Li-Li Zhang, Yan-Zhong Li","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07119-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07119-2","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa</i> L.) Verticillium wilt is a class A quarantined disease in China. In September 2022, symptoms of this disease were observed in five-year-old alfalfa plants in a biocontrol field. This study aimed to assess the effects of the Verticillium wilt pathogen on alfalfa rhizosphere soil and plants under different biocontrol bacteria treatments using <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> LYZ0069 and <i>Streptomyces kanamyceticus</i> LYZ0133.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The pathogen responsible for Verticillium wilt in alfalfa was identified through molecular biology techniques and morphological examination. High-throughput sequencing was used to profile the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil of infected and healthy alfalfa plants under different biocontrol treatments. Culturable bacteria were isolated and evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the pathogen. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of rhizosphere soil and the nutrient content of plants were measured.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>The pathogen was identified as <i>Verticillium alfalfae.</i> In total, 28 bacterial species and 11 fungal species were isolated from the rhizosphere soil. <i>Pseudomonas</i> species exhibited significantly higher isolation and inhibitory rates compared to other bacterial strains. Infection by <i>V. alfalfae</i> significantly affected the Pieloue evenness index of bacteria and the ammonium nitrogen content in the rhizosphere soil. The interactions between biocontrol bacteria and <i>V. alfalfae</i> significantly impacted alfalfa plant quality.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Alfalfa Verticillium wilt was detected in central of Gansu Province, significantly influencing plant nutrient content and relative abundance of <i>Pseudomonas</i> in alfalfa rhizosphere soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drying–rewetting cycles determine maize growth by shifting microbial community assembly and coexistence patterns","authors":"Ling Ma, Guixiang Zhou, Lin Chen, Zhongjun Jia, Hongtao Zou, Congzhi Zhang, Donghao Ma, Changdong Han, Jiabao Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07134-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07134-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Given increasing climate variability, understanding how rhizosphere microbial communities respond to drying–rewetting cycles and how these cycles impact crop growth under different tillage practices is crucial for improving crop resilience and productivity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We conducted an experiment with 16 pots at the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, using soils from Lishu, China that had undergone long-term (15-year) traditional (CK) and conservation (CT) tillage practices. We investigated the effects of drying–rewetting cycles on the assembly, diversity, and network of rhizosphere soil microbial communities and their relationships with plant growth.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared with consistently moist (W) conditions, the plant growth index (PGI, a comprehensive measure of plant health and growth) under drying–rewetting (D) conditions decreased significantly by 74.7–74.9%. Moreover, the PGI under CT was 46.6–48% greater than that under CK. The D conditions significantly increased the stochasticity of the protistan community assembly. Both D and CT conditions are conducive to the formation of complex associations in multitrophic networks. Soil moisture indirectly impacts potential cross-trophic associations and, ultimately, the PGI by influencing protistan community stochasticity and the β-diversity of bacterial communities.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>The results highlight the crucial roles of soil microbial community assembly and coexistence patterns in plant growth during drying–rewetting cycles. Such novel insights provide a basis for developing tillage strategies to increase crop resilience under moisture fluctuations. These findings are crucial for future research on synergistic drought resistance in rhizosphere soil micro-food webs and plants under global change.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting effects of crop straw and green manure amendments on soil gross N transformations in a soil-maize system: a short-term 15N incubation case study","authors":"Xingling Wang, Minghua Zhou, Bo Zhu, Jinbo Zhang, Christoph Müller, Ralf Kiese, Klaus Butterbach-Bahl","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07149-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07149-w","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Organic amendments directly affect soil N transformations, while the direction and magnitude of these effects remain uncertain. Most previous studies through laboratory incubation experiments without plants likely neglected the feedback interactions of plant, thereby limiting the applicability in field conditions. This study aims to explore the effects of organic amendments on soil gross N transformations with consideration of plant feedback.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>The ¹⁵N tracing pot experiments were performed using a soil-maize system with two types of organic amendments—crop straw (wheat straw, CS) and green manure (Chinese milk vetch, GM) to determine soil gross N transformation processes and rates by using the <i>Ntrace</i>_<i>plant</i> model.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Green manure amendments significantly increased soil gross N mineralization and nitrification rates compared to crop straw treatment and the control. In contrast, crop straw incorporation did not enhance gross N mineralization rates and even significantly decreased soil gross nitrification rates relative to the control. Both green manure and crop straw amendments significantly increased soil microbial ammonium (NH₄⁺) immobilization rates compared to the control. However, green manure amendments significantly enhanced soil microbial nitrate (NO₃⁻) immobilization rates only in the presence of maize, with no significant effect observed in the absence of maize. Meanwhile, crop straw incorporation significantly decreased soil microbial NO₃⁻ immobilization rates.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Our findings indicate that green manure and crop straw amendments have contrasting effects on soil gross N transformations, with green manure demonstrating a more pronounced positive impacts, particularly in the presence of plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi affect root morphology locally but not systemically through altering nutrient- and phytohormone-related gene expressions at low soil P level","authors":"Yong Du, Haishui Yang, Jianjun Tang, Liangliang Hu, Xin Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07150-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07150-3","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background and aims</h3><p>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can affect plant root morphology. However, whether the impact is localized or systemic is still unclear.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>A root-splitting microcosm experiment was conducted to examine AMF effects on the root morphology of their host plants at two soil phosphorus (P) levels (5.7 and 25 mg kg⁻¹). The main treatment (MT) had one root chamber with AMF inoculation and the other without, while the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AC) or non-inoculation control (NC) included the active or sterilized fungal inoculum in both root chambers, respectively.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>In the MT, root length and surface area were larger in the AMF infected than non-infected chambers, particularly for the secondary lateral root development. Notably, mycorrhizal promotion was stronger at low than high P level. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that AMF infection upregulated gene expressions particularly in pathways related to starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, terpenoid biosynthesis, fatty acid synthesis, and hormone metabolism and transport. Moreover, the number of upregulated genes was higher at low than high P level. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the key differential genes were related to nutrients, phytohormones and root morphological traits.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>These findings suggest that AMF can induce a localized effect on root morphology, potentially through the upregulation of nutrient- and hormone-related gene expressions, but the magnitude depends on soil P levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142832235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promotion of maize straw degradation rate by altering microbial community structure through the addition of soybean straw","authors":"Xiaodan Liu, Hongrui Huo, Yuhang Zhang, Huawei Yang, Shumin Li, Lingbo Meng","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07123-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-07123-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Aims</h3><p>The carbon–nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) of straw significantly influences its mineralization and nutrient release when returned to the soil. However, little is known about the effects of different mixtures of different types of straw on straw mineralization, dynamic changes of soil properties, soil microbial communities and the growth of later maize.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>This study was conducted through incubation and pot experiments, with 12 g/kg straw. Design of treatments included: (1) maize straw return (M), (2) soybean straw return (S), (3) 1:1 ratio of maize straw and soybean straw return (MS), (4) 2:1 ratio of maize straw to soybean straw return (2MS), (5) maize straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer (MF) and (6) no straw return (NS).</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Compared with M treatment, MS and MF treatment enhanced the straw mineralization rate and nutrient release, thus increasing the biomass of succeeding maize. The MS treatment increased the relative abundance of Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, and Proteobacteria by 15.54%, 5.36%, and 14.29%, respectively, compared to the M treatment. Straw return treatments significantly decreased the prevalence of the pathogenic fungus <i>Fusarium</i> compared to the NS approach. Correlation analyses indicated a positive association between soil chemical properties and the presence of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bdellovibrionota, and Nitrospirota. Conversely, these factors showed a negative correlation with Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota, <i>Funneliformis</i>, <i>Trichoderma</i>, and <i>Fusarium</i>.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>In summary, the combined addition of soybean straw and maize straw in a 1:1 ratio optimizes the microbial community, enhances soil nutrient cycling, improves soil fertility, and positively affects maize biomass and nutrient uptake.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}