Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Effects of psilocybin on body weight, body composition, and metabolites in male and female mice","authors":"Jasmine Shakir ,&nbsp;Megan Pedicini ,&nbsp;Brianna C. Bullock ,&nbsp;Penn W. Hoen ,&nbsp;Lindsey K. Macias ,&nbsp;Jackson Freiman ,&nbsp;Mikhail V. Pletnikov ,&nbsp;Kellie L.K. Tamashiro ,&nbsp;Zachary A. Cordner","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is growing interest in the therapeutic potential of psilocybin for the treatment of a wide variety of medical problems, and even for the promotion of wellbeing among healthy individuals. Interestingly, among the many proposed indications, both obesity and anorexia nervosa (AN) have been discussed. However, the effect of psilocybin on appetitive behavior and metabolism is not well known. Here, we report the effects of psilocybin on body weight, intake and output, body composition, and metabolic function among lean male and female wild-type mice. In the days immediately following treatment, both male and female mice receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of psilocybin were consistently heavier than saline controls, with no effect of psilocybin on intake or output. Co-administration of the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist ketanserin had no effect on this outcome. Body composition analysis revealed that psilocybin significantly increased lean and water mass among males, with a similar trend among females. A metabolic panel revealed increased creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and chloride among male and female psilocybin treated mice. Together, these findings begin to investigate the potential mechanisms of psilocybin's effects on body weight and metabolic measures. Such understanding will be critical for the safe, efficacious, and well-informed use of psilocybin in clinical and non-clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Augmented-reality-based multi-person exercise has more beneficial effects on mood state and oxytocin secretion than standard solitary exercise","authors":"Takeru Shima ,&nbsp;Junpei Iijima ,&nbsp;Hirotaka Sutoh ,&nbsp;Chiho Terashima ,&nbsp;Yuki Matsuura","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Exercise has positive effects on psychological well-being, with team sports often associated with superior mental health compared to individual sports. Augmented reality (AR) technology has the potential to convert solitary exercise into multi-person exercise. Given the role of oxytocin in mediating the psychological benefits of exercise and sports, this study aimed to investigate the impact of AR-based multi-person exercise on mood and salivary oxytocin levels.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Fourteen participants underwent three distinct regimens: non-exercise (Rest), standard solitary cycling exercise (Ex), and AR-based multi-person cycling exercise (Ex+AR). In both Ex and Ex+AR conditions, participants engaged in cycling at a self-regulated pace to maintain a Rating of Perceived Exertion of 10. In the Ex+AR condition, participants' avatars were projected onto a tablet screen, allowing them to cycle alongside ten other virtual avatars in an AR environment. Mood states and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after each 10-minute regimen. Subsequently, salivary oxytocin levels were measured.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Notably, only the Ex+AR condition significantly improved mood states associated with depression-dejection and exhibited a non-significant trend toward suppressing anger-hostility in participants. Moreover, the Ex+AR condition led to a significant elevation in salivary oxytocin levels, while the Ex condition showed a non-significant trend toward an increase. However, changes in salivary oxytocin did not show a significant correlation with changes in mood states.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings suggest that Ex+AR enhances mood states and promotes oxytocin release. AR-based multi-person exercise may offer greater psychological benefits compared to standard solitary exercise, although the relationship between oxytocin and mood changes remains inconclusive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist and effects on reward behaviour: A systematic review","authors":"Sebastian Badulescu ,&nbsp;Aniqa Tabassum ,&nbsp;Gia Han Le ,&nbsp;Sabrina Wong ,&nbsp;Lee Phan ,&nbsp;Hartej Gill ,&nbsp;Cristian-Daniel Llach ,&nbsp;Roger S. McIntyre ,&nbsp;Joshua Rosenblat ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Mansur","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The roles of metabolic signals, including Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), have been implicated in multiple domains outside metabolic regulation. There is a growing interest in repurposing Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) as therapeutics for motivation and reward-related behavioural disturbances. Herein, we aim to systematically review the extant evidence on the potential effects of GLP-1RAs on the reward system.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study followed PRISMA guidelines using databases such as OVID, PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search focused on \"Reward Behavior\" and \"Glucagon Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists\" and was restricted to human studies. Quality assessment achieved by the NIH's Quality Assessment of Controlled Intervention Studies</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>GLP-1RAs consistently reduced energy intake and influenced reward-related behaviour. These agents have been associated with decreased neurocortical activation in response to higher rewards and food cues, particularly high-calorie foods, and lowered caloric intake and hunger levels.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>GLP-1RAs show promise in addressing reward dysfunction linked to food stimuli, obesity, and T2DM. They normalize insulin resistance, and might also modulate dopaminergic signalling and reduce anhedonia. Their effects on glycemic variability and cravings suggest potential applications in addiction disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938424001677/pdfft?md5=5cce083ddffe7bfff21c09841d1e1629&pid=1-s2.0-S0031938424001677-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic-induced gut microbe dysbiosis alters neurobehavior in mice through modulation of BDNF and gut integrity","authors":"Eman Thabet ,&nbsp;Abeer E. Dief ,&nbsp;Shams A-F Arafa ,&nbsp;Dalia Yakout ,&nbsp;Mennatallah A. Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Gut microbiota is essential for intestinal integrity and brain functions. Herein we aimed to investigate the effects of alteration of gut microbiome using broad-spectrum antibiotics on CD 1 male mice (germ-modified group (GM). Moreover, we co-administrated probiotics with or without antibiotics for four weeks and evaluated if probiotics could reverse these behavioral and intestinal effects. GM, co-administered antibiotics and probiotics, and probiotics-only groups were compared to control mice of the same sex, age, and weight that did not receive either drug (<em>n</em>=12 in all groups). Cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was evaluated by fecal culture of all groups. We tested exploratory behavior, anxiety, memory, depression-like behavior, and hippocampal and frontal lobe BDNF protein level alterations in response to antibiotics and its downstream effect on the PI3K/Akt1/Bcl2 pathway. Intestinal integrity was evaluated using gene expression analysis of ZO-1, claudin, and occludin genes. Additionally, the inflammatory TLR4 and p-p38 MAPK pathways in the intestines were investigated. Twice-daily administration of oral antibiotics for four weeks significantly reduced total bacterial count and upregulated TLR4 and p-p38.GM mice showed a significant reduction in BDNF(<em>P =</em>0.04), impaired spatial memory, and long-term memory as evidenced by decreased T maze correct alternation trails and shortened retention time in the passive avoidance test in GM(<em>P =</em>0.01). Passive avoidance showed significantly increased latency after probiotics intake. Depressive-like behavior was more pronounced in GM mice as assessed by the tail suspension test (<em>P =</em>0.01). GM showed significant upregulation(<em>p</em>&lt;0.001) of the TLR4 and p-p38 MAPK pathway. Co-administration of probiotics with antibiotics showed an increase in BDNF levels, and upregulation of the cell survival PI3K/Akt1/Bcl2 pathway, significantly higher relative abundance in the firmucutes members, a significant decrease in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and downregulation of TLR4 and p-p38 MAPK. The tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin and occludin were downregulated by antibiotic administration for four weeks and restored by probiotics. Collectively, the data suggest that long-term use of antibiotics appears to disrupt the intestinal epithelial barrier and alter neurobehavioral qualities specifically, long-term memory and exploratory drive, possibly through the reduction of BDNF, and probiotics partially reverse these effects.</p><p>Our study emphasizes the effect of prolonged intake of antibiotics on production of dysbiosis as well as the impact of the antibiotic induced intestinal inflammation on neurobehavioral aspects in mice as the memory and anxiety-like behavior. We also reveal that co-administration of probiotics can reverse these changes</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart rate variability modulates memory function in a virtual task","authors":"Joaquín Castillo-Escamilla ,&nbsp;Irene Ruffo ,&nbsp;María Carrasco-Poyatos ,&nbsp;Antonio Granero-Gallegos ,&nbsp;José Manuel Cimadevilla","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heart rate variability (HRV) is considered one of the most relevant indicators of physical well-being and relevant biomarker for preventing cardiovascular risks. More recently, a growing amount of research has tracked an association between HRV and cognitive functions (i.e., attention). Research is still scarce on spatial orientation, a basic capability in our daily lives. It is also an important indicator of memory performance, and its malfunctioning working as an early sign of dementia. In this study, a total of 43 female students (M Age = 18.76; SD = 2.02) were measured in their lnRMSSD using the photoplethysmography technique with the Welltory smartphone app. They were also tested in their spatial memory with The Boxes Room, a virtual navigation test. Measures of physical activity were obtained with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Correlation analyses and repeated measures ANOVA were performed, comparing participants with high / low lnRMSSD in their spatial performance. Results showed that, at an equal level of physical activity, participants with a higher lnRMSSD were more effective in the early trials of The Boxes Room, being more precise in estimating the correct position of the stimuli. Moreover, a subsequent simple linear regression showed that a higher lnRMSSD was related to a smaller number of errors at the beginning of the spatial task. Overly, these results outline the relationship between HRV and navigation performance in early stages of processing, where the environment is still unknown and the situation is more demanding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141458892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driver drowsiness is associated with altered facial thermal patterns: Machine learning insights from a thermal imaging approach","authors":"Alireza Aghamalizadeh ,&nbsp;Adel Mazloumi ,&nbsp;Ahmad Nikabadi ,&nbsp;Ali Nahvi ,&nbsp;Farin Khanehshenas ,&nbsp;Serajeddin Ebrahimian","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Driver drowsiness is a significant factor in road accidents. Thermal imaging has emerged as an effective tool for detecting drowsiness by enabling the analysis of facial thermal patterns. However, it is not clear which facial areas are most affected and correlate most strongly with drowsiness. This study examines the variations and importance of various facial areas and proposes an approach for detecting driver drowsiness. Twenty participants underwent tests in a driving simulator, and temperature changes in various facial regions were measured. The random forest method was employed to evaluate the importance of each facial region. The results revealed that temperature changes in the nasal area exhibited the highest value, while the eyes had the most correlated changes with drowsiness. Furthermore, drowsiness was classified with an accuracy of 88 % utilizing thermal variations in the facial region identified as the most important regions by the random forest feature importance model. These findings provide a comprehensive overview of facial thermal imaging for detecting driver drowsiness and introduce eye temperature as a novel and effective measure for investigating cognitive activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141451321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidepressant-like effects of Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. via modulation of monoamine regulatory pathways","authors":"Zhixuan Mao ,&nbsp;Chongning Lv ,&nbsp;Rulan Qin ,&nbsp;Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wang ,&nbsp;Jincai Lu ,&nbsp;Yudan Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sheng-ma is recorded in the Compendium of Materia Medica and mainly originates from the rhizomes of <em>Cimicifuga dahurica</em> (Turcz.) Maxim. (CD), <em>Cimicifuga heracleifolia</em> Kom. and <em>Cimicifuga foetida</em> L. The alcoholic extract of <em>Cimicifuga foetida</em> L. (Brand name: Ximingting®) has been approved for the treatment of perimenopausal symptoms accompanying hot flash, depression and anxiety in China. However, there's no further study about the antidepressant-like effects of <em>C. dahurica</em> (CD). The aim of this study is to investigate the antidepressant-like effect of CD extracted by 75% ethanol and its possible mechanisms.The neuro-protective effects of CD on injured PC12 cells induced by corticosterone was measured firstly. Then, forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), reserpine-induced hypothermia, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) induced head twitch response in mice and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on sucrose preference tests were executed. Moreover, the potential mechanisms were explored by measuring levels of monoamine neurotransmitter in mice frontal cortex and hippocampus, testing monoamine oxidase enzyme A (MAO-A) activities in the brains of CUMS-exposed mice. Results showed that CD (60, 120 mg/kg) can significantly decreased the immobility period in FST and TST in mice without affecting locomotor activity. CD (30 mg/kg, 60 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg) could significantly counteracted reserpine-induced hypothermia and increased the number of head-twitches in 5-HTP induced head twitch response. It was also found that the monoamine neurotransmitter levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex were significantly increased in 60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg CD treated mice. In addition, CD (60 and 120 mg/kg) significantly inhibited MAO-A after 6-week CUMS exposure. CD can effectively produce an antidepressant-like effect, which involved with modulation of monoamine regulatory pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring lower limb muscle activity and performance variations during instrumented Sit-to-Stand-to-Sit in sedentary individuals: Influence of limb dominance and testing modalities","authors":"Maximiliano Torres-Banduc ,&nbsp;Daniel Jerez-Mayorga ,&nbsp;Luis Chirosa-Ríos ,&nbsp;Ignacio Chirosa-Ríos","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>to explore lower limb muscle activity concerning limb dominance, as well as variations in force and power during the standing up and sitting down phases of the instrumented sit-to-stand-to-sit test in sedentary individuals, across isokinetic and isotonic modalities.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>33 sedentary individuals underwent testing using a functional electromechanical dynamometer in both isokinetic and isotonic modes, accompanied by surface electromyography.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the isokinetic mode, the non-dominant gastrocnemius medialis and vastus medialis exhibited significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) higher muscle activity values during the standing up and sitting down phase compared to dominant counterparts. In the isotonic mode standing up phase, significant differences in muscle activity were noted for non-dominant gastrocnemius medialis, vastus medialis, and biceps femoris compared to their dominant counterparts. The sitting down phase in isotonic mode showed higher muscle activity for non-dominant vastus medialis compared to dominant vastus medialis. Regard to performance outcomes, significantly lower (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001) values were observed for standing up (12.7 ± 5.1 N/kg) compared to sitting down (15.9 ± 6.1 N/kg) peak force, as well as for standing up (18.7 ± 7.8 W/kg) compared to sitting down (25.9 ± 9.7 W/kg) peak power in isokinetic mode. In isotonic mode, lower values were found for sitting down (6.5 (6.3–7.1) N/kg) compared to standing up (7.8 (7.3–8.9) N/kg) peak force and for sitting down (18.5 (13.2–21.7) W/kg) compared to standing up (33.7 (22.8–41.6) W/kg) peak power.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Limb dominance influences lower-limb muscle activity during the instrumented sit-to-stand-to-sit test, and the choice of testing mode (isokinetic or isotonic) affects muscle engagement and performance outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003193842400163X/pdfft?md5=32c9314c4881a3a03438e4ebc6163f9e&pid=1-s2.0-S003193842400163X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived stress and associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and interstitial glucose in healthy adolescents","authors":"Kelsey L. McAlister ,&nbsp;Jennifer Zink ,&nbsp;Jimi Huh ,&nbsp;Chih-Hsiang Yang ,&nbsp;Genevieve F. Dunton ,&nbsp;Christina M. Dieli-Conwright ,&nbsp;Kathleen A. Page ,&nbsp;Britni R. Belcher","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Less moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), more sedentary time (ST), and higher perceived stress are related to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) occurrence, but observational evidence addressing the interaction of these factors is lacking in youth. This pilot study investigated momentary stress as a moderator in the acute associations of MVPA and ST with subsequent glucose in healthy adolescents.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants (N=15, <em>M</em>age=13.1±1.0 years, 10 girls, 5 with overweight/obesity) simultaneously wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), thigh-mounted accelerometer, and reported momentary stress via random ecological momentary assessments (EMA; Time T) for 7–14 days. MVPA and ST (min) were calculated for 60- and 120-minute time windows before each EMA prompt (Time T-1). Mean CGM-measured interstitial glucose (mg/dL) was calculated after each prompt (<em>M</em>min=120.0±25.4; Time T+1). Multilevel models assessed whether within-subject MVPA and ST (Time T-1) predicted mean glucose (Time T+1), with momentary stress as a moderator (Time T).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 513 time-matched EMA reports of stress, accelerometer, and CGM data. Momentary stress moderated the effects of MVPA 60 (β=-0.22, p=.001) and 120 min (β=-0.08, p=.02) before the prompt on subsequent glucose levels. When youth spent more time in MVPA than their average and when momentary stress was higher than their average, subsequent glucose was lower. Stress did not moderate associations of ST with glucose (p&gt;.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Higher momentary stress may interact with higher MVPA to lower subsequent glucose in youth. Accelerometers, EMA, and CGMs can be integrated in future studies to further understand these associations in free-living environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141412549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of testosterone on speech production and perception: Linking hormone levels in males to vocal cues and female voice attractiveness ratings","authors":"Melanie Weirich ,&nbsp;Adrian P. Simpson ,&nbsp;Nadine Knutti","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study sets out to investigate the potential effect of males’ testosterone level on speech production and speech perception. Regarding speech production, we investigate intra- and inter-individual variation in mean fundamental frequency (f_o) and formant frequencies and highlight the potential interacting effect of another hormone, i.e. cortisol. In addition, we investigate the influence of different speech materials on the relationship between testosterone and speech production. Regarding speech perception, we investigate the potential effect of individual differences in males’ testosterone level on ratings of attractiveness of female voices.</p><p>In the production study, data is gathered from 30 healthy adult males ranging from 19 to 27 years (mean age: 22.4, SD: 2.2) who recorded their voices and provided saliva samples at 9 am, 12 noon and 3 pm on a single day. Speech material consists of sustained vowels, counting, read speech and a free description of pictures. Biological measures comprise speakers’ height, grip strength, and hormone levels (testosterone and cortisol). In the perception study, participants were asked to rate the attractiveness of female voice stimuli (sentence stimulus, same-speaker pairs) that were manipulated in three steps regarding mean f_o and formant frequencies.</p><p>Regarding speech production, our results show that testosterone affected mean f_o (but not formants) both within and between speakers. This relationship was weakened in speakers with high cortisol levels and depended on the speech material. Regarding speech perception, we found female stimuli with higher mean f_o and formants to be rated as sounding more attractive than stimuli with lower mean f_o and formants. Moreover, listeners with low testosterone showed an increased sensitivity to vocal cues of female attractiveness.</p><p>While our results of the production study support earlier findings of a relationship between testosterone and mean f_o in males (which is mediated by cortisol), they also highlight the relevance of the speech material: The effect of testosterone was strongest in sustained vowels, potentially due to a strengthened effect of hormones on physiologically strongly influenced tasks such as sustained vowels in contrast to more free speech tasks such as a picture description. The perception study is the first to show an effect of males’ testosterone level on female attractiveness ratings using voice stimuli.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938424001604/pdfft?md5=cd1450928bda913646733bee08bfabf1&pid=1-s2.0-S0031938424001604-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}