Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Aerobic exercise modulates RIPK1-mediated MAP3K5/JNK and NF-κB pathways to suppress microglia activation and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of D-gal-induced accelerated aging mice","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Meng ,&nbsp;Changfa Tang ,&nbsp;Lan Zheng ,&nbsp;Kun Tao ,&nbsp;Wen Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microglia activation-induced neuroinflammation is a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction in the hippocampus during the early stages of neurodegenerative diseases. Exercise is an intrinsic remedy that plays a crucial role in enhancing the survival of neurons and reducing neuroinflammation in the brain. Among these theories, alterations in intracellular signaling pathways associated with neuronal growth and inflammation have been emphasized. Based on these observations and recent evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of exercise on suppressing brain inflammation in the elderly, we examined cellular signaling pathways in the hippocampal formation of D-galactose-induced accelerated aging mice that underwent 8 weeks of treadmill exercise. To accomplish this, we utilized immunohistochemistry and Western blotting to detect the expression of hippocampal proteins, and qPCR to detect the expression of mRNA. We found that aerobic exercise significantly promoted the survival of hippocampal neurons, inhibited microglia activation, and decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and chemokines CXCL-1, CXCR-2 in D-galactose model mice. Furthermore, exercise contributed to decreasing the microglia activation marker Iba1-positive cell count and average optical density and increasing the number of NeuN-immunopositive cells. Exercise also reduced RIPK1 and MAP3K5 expression in the hippocampus. Surprisingly, aerobic exercise significantly decreased the expression ratios of p-p65/p65, p-IκBα/IκBα, and p-JNK/JNK. Therefore, we hypothesized that exercise has an anti-inflammatory effect on the hippocampus of mice in the D-galactose-induced aging model. This effect may be attributed to the ability of aerobic exercise to down-regulate the RIPK1-mediated NF-κB and JNK pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sour, but acceptable: Taste responsiveness to five food-associated acids in zoo-housed white-faced sakis, Pithecia pithecia","authors":"Emma Pulkkinen ,&nbsp;Ida Fischer ,&nbsp;Matthias Laska","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>White-faced sakis (<em>Pithecia pithecia</em>) are commonly considered as frugivores but are unusual among primates as they do not specialize on ripe fruits but rather include a high proportion of unripe fruits into their diet, even during seasons when ripe fruits are available. Using a two-bottle preference test of short duration we therefore assessed whether this dietary specialization affects the taste responsiveness and sour-taste tolerance of four adult white-faced sakis for five food-associated acids. We found taste preference thresholds of the sakis to be 1-10 mM for citric acid, 0.5-20 mM for ascorbic acid, 2-10 mM for malic acid, 0.1-1 mM for tannic acid, and 2-20 mM for acetic acid, respectively. When given the choice between a reference solution of 50 mM sucrose and mixtures containing varying concentrations of sucrose plus citric acid, the sakis displayed a high sour-taste tolerance and required only 100 mM of sucrose (when mixed with 10 mM citric acid) or 200 mM of sucrose (when mixed with 30 or 50 mM citric acid), respectively, to prefer the sweet-sour mixture over the purely sweet 50 mM sucrose reference solution. These results demonstrate that white-faced sakis have a well-developed taste sensitivity for food-associated acids which is not inferior to that of primates specializing on ripe fruits. Compared to other platyrrhine primates, the sakis displayed a markedly higher sour-taste tolerance. These results may therefore reflect an evolutionary adaptation to the dietary specialization of the white-faced sakis to sour-tasting unripe fruits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938424002270/pdfft?md5=57e1265d75821ce7c93f144f5d845fa3&pid=1-s2.0-S0031938424002270-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142047040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of short-time resistance training on appetite and energy intake in young women with and without obesity","authors":"Clara Andressa de Araujo Barros ,&nbsp;Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa ,&nbsp;Thaís Alves de Paiva Ferreira ,&nbsp;Larissa Kelly de Araújo Cardoso ,&nbsp;João Paulo Rodrigues de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Matheus Mesquita Vieira ,&nbsp;Aline Leal de Carvalho Torres ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Matheus da Paz Miranda ,&nbsp;Priscila Almeida Queiroz Rossi ,&nbsp;Fabrício Eduardo Rossi","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114667","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114667","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6-weeks resistance training (RT) on appetite, energy intake and body composition in young women with and without obesity, and to examine the relationship between these variables. Thirty-five young women were divided according to the amount of body fat [with obesity (<em>n</em> = 16) and without obesity (<em>n</em> = 19)]. Appetite was assessed through self-reported hunger, fullness, desire to eat, satiety quotient, food frequency diary and motivations to eat palatable food (power of food scale) in both fasted and fed states (after a standardized breakfast). Energy intake and body composition were evaluated at pre- and post-6 weeks of RT. Results showed that self-reported hunger increased significantly in both fasted and fed states (<em>p</em> = 0.007 and <em>p</em> = 0.029, respectively), while self-reported fullness decreased at the fasted state (<em>p</em> = 0.030) in both groups. There were no significant effects for desire to eat fatty, sweet, savory and salty foods, motivation to eat palatable foods, or for total energy intake. Food frequency analysis indicated a decrease in consumption of soup and past (<em>p</em> = 0.045), vegetables and eggs (<em>p</em> = 0.034), and leafy vegetables (<em>p</em> = 0.022) in both groups. Fat-free mass increased significantly in both groups (<em>p</em> = 0.011 and <em>p</em> = 0.003), while fat mass did not show significant changes. There were no correlations between changes in appetite/energy intake and changes in body composition. In conclusion, following the 6-week RT program, both women with and without obesity exhibited increased self-reported hunger alongside decreased fullness, suggesting an increase in orexigenic drive. However, neither group showed an increase in energy intake and fat mass, while both groups experienced an increase in fat-free mass.</p><p>Registered under Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials n°. RBR-1024f4qs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The putative role of the habenula in animal migration","authors":"Anton J.M. Loonen","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114668","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114668","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>When an addicted animal seeks a specific substance, it is based on the perception of internal and external cues that strongly motivate to pursue the acquisition of that compound. In essence, a similar process acts out when an animal leaves its present area to begin its circannual migration. This review article examines the existence of scientific evidence for possible relatedness of migration and addiction by influencing Dorsal Diencephalic Conduction System (DDCS) including the habenula.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>For this review especially the databases of Pubmed and Embase were frequently and non-systematically searched.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The mechanisms of bird migration have been thoroughly investigated. Especially the mechanism of the circannual biorhythm and its associated endocrine regulation has been well elucidated. A typical behavior called “Zugunruhe” marks the moment of leaving in migratory birds. The role of magnetoreception in navigation has also been clarified in recent years. However, how bird migration is regulated at the neuronal level in the forebrain is not well understood. Among mammals, marine mammals are most similar to birds. They use terrestrial magnetic field when navigating and often bridge long distances between breeding and foraging areas. Population migration is further often seen among the large hoofed mammals in different parts of the world. Importantly, learning processes and social interactions with conspecifics play a major role in these ungulates. Considering the evolutionary development of the forebrain in vertebrates, it can be postulated that the DDCS plays a central role in regulating the readiness and intensity of essential (emotional) behaviors. There is manifold evidence that this DDCS plays an important role in relapse to abuse after prolonged periods of abstinence from addictive behavior. It is also possible that the DDCS plays a role in navigation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The role of the DDCS in the neurobiological regulation of bird migration has hardly been investigated. The involvement of this system in relapse to addiction in mammals might suggest to change this. It is recommended that particularly during “Zugunruhe” the role of neuronal regulation via the DDCS will be further investigated.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938424002166/pdfft?md5=40aea8cba499517acc771838336f7821&pid=1-s2.0-S0031938424002166-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141996276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of real vs simulated high altitude on associative memory for emotional stimuli","authors":"Matteo Gatti ,&nbsp;Giulia Prete ,&nbsp;David Perpetuini ,&nbsp;Danilo Bondi ,&nbsp;Vittore Verratti ,&nbsp;Fulvia Quilici Matteucci ,&nbsp;Carmen Santangelo ,&nbsp;Salvatore Annarumma ,&nbsp;Adolfo Di Crosta ,&nbsp;Rocco Palumbo ,&nbsp;Arcangelo Merla ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Costantino Giaconia ,&nbsp;Luca Tommasi ,&nbsp;Nicola Mammarella","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>This study aimed to investigate the effects of normobaric hypoxia (NH) and hypobaric hypoxia (HH) on associative memory performance for emotionally valenced stimuli.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two experiments were conducted. In Study 1, <em>n</em> = 18 undergraduates performed an associative memory task under three NH conditions (FiO₂= 20.9 %, 15.1 %, 13.6 %) using a tent with a hypoxic generator. In Study 2, <em>n</em> = 20 participants were assessed in a field study at various altitudes on the Himalayan mountains, including the Pyramid Laboratory (5000 m above sea level), using functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and behavioral assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Study 1 revealed no significant differences in recognition accuracy across NH conditions. However, Study 2 showed a complex relationship between altitude and memory for emotionally valenced stimuli. At lower altitudes, participants more accurately recognized emotional stimuli compared to neutral ones, a trend that reversed at higher altitudes. Brain oxygenation varied with altitude, indicating adaptive cognitive processing, as revealed by fNIRS measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These findings suggest that hypoxia affects associative memory and emotional processing in an altitude-dependent manner, highlighting adaptive cognitive mechanisms. Understanding the effects of hypobaric hypoxia on cognition and memory can help develop strategies to mitigate its impact in high-altitude and hypoxic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114663"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141917331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining hierarchical drift-diffusion model and event-related potentials to reveal how do natural sounds nudge green product purchases","authors":"Geying Liang ,&nbsp;Liang Huang ,&nbsp;Yiwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sound is one of the important environmental factors that influence individuals’ decision-making. However, it is still unclear whether and how natural sounds nudge green product purchases. This study proposes an extension of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework, suggesting that natural sounds increase early attentional congruency associated with green products, thereby promoting individuals’ green product purchases. To test our theory, we conducted an experiment employing a hierarchical drift-diffusion model (HDDM) and utilized an event-related potentials (ERP) method. Results showed that natural sounds not only increased the purchase rate for green products but also enhanced drift rate in favor of purchasing green products. Additionally, consumers also exhibited a reduced frontal early P2 wave (150–230 ms) in response to green products under natural sounds, indicating that natural sounds increased the early attentional congruency associated with green products. More importantly, neural correlates of early attentional congruency meditated the nudge effect of natural sounds on purchase rate and drift rate for green products. This study contributes to the neural understanding of how natural sounds influence green product purchases and provides actionable implications for market managers to design the green products sales environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hippocampal damage on pain perception in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid-β and ibotenic acid injection into the hippocampus","authors":"Masayoshi Hayashi ,&nbsp;Chiho Kudo ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Hanamoto ,&nbsp;Hiroharu Maegawa ,&nbsp;Nayuka Usami ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Niwa","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114652","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114652","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) present with a variety of symptoms, including core symptoms as well as behavioral and psychological symptoms. Somatosensory neural systems are generally believed to be relatively unaffected by AD until late in the course of the disease; however, somatosensory perception in patients with AD is not yet well understood. One factor that may complicate the assessment of somatosensory perception in humans centers on individual variations in pathological and psychological backgrounds. It is therefore necessary to evaluate somatosensory perception using animal models with uniform status. In the current study, we focused on the hippocampus, the primary site of AD. We first constructed a rat model of AD model using bilateral hippocampal injections of amyloid-β peptide 1–40 and ibotenic acid; sham rats received saline injections. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate memory impairment, and the formalin test (1 % or 4 % formalin) and upper lip von Frey test were performed to compare pain perception between AD model and sham rats. Finally, histological and immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate tissue damage and neuronal activity, respectively, in the hippocampus. AD model rats showed bilateral hippocampal damage and had memory impairment in the Morris water maze test. Furthermore, AD model rats exhibited significantly less pain-related behavior in phase 2 (the last 50 min of the 60-minute observation) of the 4 % formalin test compared with the sham rats. However, no significant changes were observed in the von Frey test. Immunohistochemical observations of the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis after 4 % formalin injection revealed significantly fewer c-Fos-immunoreactive cells in AD model rats than in sham rats, reflecting reduced neuronal activity. These results indicate that AD model rats with hippocampal damage have reduced responsiveness to persistent inflammatory chemical stimuli to the orofacial region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 114652"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141889915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiology, patterns and behavior","authors":"Maurizio Casarrubea","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article endeavors to provide a useful perspective for Researchers and Authors within the realm of Behavioral Sciences, particularly those engaged in the study of Behavioral Physiology, namely the discipline focusing on the intricate interplay between physiological processes and the related behavioral manifestations. Alongside the prevailing conservatism that has characterized the progression of behavioral sciences in recent decades, it advocates for an additional approach in the study of Behavioral Physiology that revolves around a more inclusive perspective: beyond the analysis of isolated behavioral events as discrete components, akin to scattered pieces of a larger puzzle, emphasis also is placed on elucidating their interconnectedness. It is within these interrelationships that the governing constraints of behavior, whether exhibited by humans or any other species, manifest as a cohesive and functional structure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 114655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of task-irrelevant color perception on flanker task performance: Insights from behavioral and ERP data","authors":"Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Wenwen Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Deng ,&nbsp;Yan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhantao Li ,&nbsp;Junhua Zhong ,&nbsp;Weijie Li ,&nbsp;Bin Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perception of color as a task-relevant stimulus can affect cognition and behavior in the flanker task; however, it remains unclear whether it has the same impact when it is a task-irrelevant stimulus dimension. To this end, we applied four-letter flanker tasks with or without colored (red/blue) to 23 healthy young adults, while recording the event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavioral performance. The flanker task included four kinds of color types: non-color letter (NC), all color letter (AC), flanker color letter (FC), and target color letter (TC), each flanker task included congruent and incongruent conditions. The behavioral data demonstrated the classic conflict effect across all color types of flanker tasks in both reaction times (RTs) and accuracy, the significant interaction and main effect of color type factors were only observed in accuracy. The ERP results showed significant interaction between conflict factor (congruent, incongruent) and color type (NC, AC, FC, and TC), and the color type factor enhanced the fronto-central P2 (180–200 ms), descended the fronto-centro-parietal N2b (260–320 ms), and increased the fronto-central P3b (360–520 ms). The fronto-central P2 and the fronto-central P3b were larger for TC than NC, AC, and FC in the congruent condition, while the fronto-central P3b was smaller for NC than AC, FC, and TC in the incongruent condition. Furthermore, the fronto-centro-parietal N2b was decreased successively in NC, AC, FC, and TC in both congruent and incongruent conditions. Overall, our findings suggested that the task-irrelevant stimuli dimension of color can capture some attentional resources and is affected by the location of color (target/flanker) and the type of task trial (congruent/incongruent) in the flanker task.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"285 ","pages":"Article 114654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact of bubble type on sensory stimulation in drinks","authors":"Ruth Picó Munyoz,&nbsp;Amparo Tárrega,&nbsp;Laura Laguna","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the impact of various types of carbonation on sensory stimulation in the mouth, salivary secretion and the neurotransmitter substance P (SP), as well as body responses such as heart rate (HR) and Galvanic Skin Response (GSR). Three types of carbonation (one made using a soda machine, another carbonated with a gasifier, and the last commercial sparkling water) were used to produce different bubbles resulting in distinct sensory characteristics assessed by a trained panel. The impact of carbonation was measured by recording changes in salivary flow rate, SP levels, salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), HR, and GSR in fifteen healthy participants. The results showed that the bubble type only affected the sensory perception of carbonation. Regardless of bubble type, carbonation increased salivary flow rate and SP values, SigA and HR. These characteristics are being sought to improve treatments for dysphagia or dry mouth. Therefore, these findings highlight the potential therapeutic application of carbonation in these situations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"286 ","pages":"Article 114656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003193842400204X/pdfft?md5=075a96df56107d159ccdbaa547730d2b&pid=1-s2.0-S003193842400204X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}