Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Understanding local thermal comfort and physiological responses in older people under uniform thermal environments","authors":"Yin Tang ,&nbsp;Hang Yu ,&nbsp;Xianzhun Zhong ,&nbsp;Kege Zhang ,&nbsp;Huice Mao ,&nbsp;Jing Geng ,&nbsp;Meng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ageing population has increased the attention on care services for older people, particularly concerning their health and thermal comfort. However, most existing studies focus on the overall thermal comfort of older people, with insufficient research into their local thermal needs for different body parts, impeding precise thermal adjustments and optimal thermal satisfaction. This study investigated the local thermal comfort and skin temperature of older people under various environmental conditions. The results reveal significant variations in local thermal perceptions across body parts in older people under non-neutral thermal conditions. When wearing standard clothing (long-sleeved shirt and trousers) in cool environments, the back was the coldest part, followed by the lower body. In warm environments, the back, head, and chest exhibited higher thermal sensations. Weighting factors quantifying the influence of local thermal sensations on overall thermal sensation were calculated, identifying the head and back as key regions in warm conditions, and the back, arms, and legs in cool conditions. Local skin temperature also varied significantly across the body, with the head and trunk exhibiting higher temperatures and showing less fluctuation in response to environmental changes compared to the limbs. Furthermore, regression models between local thermal sensation and skin temperature were developed. Compared to the results from young people, older subjects showed significantly smaller variations in local thermal sensations across the body, along with significantly differences in local skin temperatures. These findings highlight the importance of considering the local thermal needs and preferences in older people when designing age-friendly indoor thermal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114832"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neonatal co-administration of the phytoestrogens genistein and daidzein disrupts sexual behavior and fertility","authors":"Marissa Guillén-Castrillo ,&nbsp;Reyna Fierro ,&nbsp;Pablo Damián-Matsumura ,&nbsp;Saúl Gaona-Domínguez ,&nbsp;Rosario Tarragó-Castellanos","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytoestrogens are non-steroidal compounds that, can act as agonists and/or antagonists by binding to estrogen receptors; consequently they can modify estrogen-dependent processes of neonatal sexual differentiation. Results of the analysis of the sexual behavior of experimental rats that received 6.8 mg of isoflavones/kg/day, showed significantly more mating activity, but fewer ejaculations (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), and a lower copulatory efficiency than the control group. Aggressive behavior was prominent in the phytoestrogen-treated males (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but defensive behavior was infrequent. Phytoestrogens may interfere with the development of male and female traits by competing with estradiol in contexts of sexual behavior. Compared to the control group, the phytoestrogen-treated males exhibited delayed olfactory perception and uncertain preference. The ventrolateral area of the medial hypothalamus is influenced by neonatal neuro estrogens that can produce changes in differentiation, such as the aggressiveness manifested by the males. A probable explanation is that this is due to the inhibition of aromatase by isoflavones. Regarding fertility, the females impregnated by the control males had more offspring (12.2 ± 2.10), than those of the experimental males (4.02 ± 1.13, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Spermatozoa analysis showed a low concentration (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) due to isoflavone treatment, with increased immaturity (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and more dead spermatozoa (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). We conclude that neonatal administration of genistein and daidzein alters olfactory functions, aggressiveness, sexual behaviors, and fertility through changes in spermatozoa quality. The most notable effect was the decreased of fertility in experimental male demonstrated by the lower number of pregnant females and smaller litters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 114812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining cognitive decline related to hypertension: The role of heart rate variability in the stairway to cognitive impairment","authors":"Giuseppe Forte,&nbsp;Maria Casagrande","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Until now, it has been challenging to examine what are the causes of the cognitive decline associated with hypertension and to understand the predictive variables that indicate the development of cognitive impairment in people with hypertension. This work is aimed to understand the interplay between heart rate variability and blood pressure and whether their combination can predict cognitive performance. This cross-sectional observational study involved patients with fifty-two adults with essential hypertension and a control group of 41 healthy adults without hypertension. Except for the diagnosis of hypertension the same inclusion criteria were adopted to balance the groups. The overall sample was divided based on HRV metrics. A complete neuropsychological battery was administered and resting heart rate variability in individuals with and without hypertension was measured. Hypertensive patients with altered HRV had worse cognitive performance, particularly in the executive domain. Low HRV and hypertension have interdependent and combined association with cognitive impairment. Our results indicate that the association between hypertension and cognitive performance is affected by HRV. For neuroscientists, it's time to look beyond the brain. And clinicians who treat the body can't assume that the brain is above involvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114825"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissociation of circadian rhythms in adolescent rats affects object recognition and spatial recognition memories","authors":"Karen Cristina Pugliane ,&nbsp;Rochele Castelo-Branco ,&nbsp;Kathlyn Kamoly Barbosa Cavalcanti Araújo ,&nbsp;Jeane Constantino Pereira ,&nbsp;Júlio César de Oliveira Leal ,&nbsp;Bruna Del Vechio Koike ,&nbsp;John Fontenele-Araujo ,&nbsp;Crhistiane Andressa da Silva ,&nbsp;Flavio Freitas Barbosa","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The T22 protocol is an animal model of forced internal desynchronization, in which rats are exposed to an 11:11 light-dark (LD) cycle. This non-invasive protocol induces the dissociation of circadian rhythms in adult rats, making it possible to study the effects of circadian disruption on physiological and behavioral processes such as learning, memory, and emotional responses. However, the effects of circadian dissociation during other developmental stages, such as adolescence, remain unexplored. Adolescence is a period marked by significant changes in sleep patterns and increased exposure to bright light at night, making it essential to investigate how circadian dissociation may affect this phase of development. This study aimed to evaluate the circadian rhythmicity, cognitive performance and anxiety-like behavior in adolescent Wistar rats under the alignment (aligned T22 group) or misalignment (misaligned T22 group) phases of the T22 cycle. A third group of adolescent rats was maintained in a normal 12:12 LD cycle during the experiment and was used as control group (T24 group). Compared to the control group, adolescent rats under both phases of the T22 cycle exhibited a dissociated circadian rhythm of the locomotor activity and deficits in object recognition memory tasks, without impairments in tasks related to emotional responses. These findings indicate that forced desynchronization impairs recognition memory in adolescent rats, suggesting potential cognitive consequences of internal desynchronization during this critical developmental phase, with relevant implications for public health discussions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of electroacupuncture per-conditioning at Huantiao on motor function recovery in acute cerebral ischemia mice","authors":"Jia-le Fu ,&nbsp;Jing-Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Nian-hong Wang ,&nbsp;Qi Qi ,&nbsp;Guo-hui Yang ,&nbsp;Na Ren ,&nbsp;Dan Huang ,&nbsp;Yun Li ,&nbsp;Li-juan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiao Cui ,&nbsp;Xiao Xiao ,&nbsp;Hong-yu Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Continuous electroacupuncture pre-conditioning (EPRC) and post-conditioning (EPOC) effectively improve motor dysfunction after acute cerebral ischemia, but they require multiple treatments. Recently, electroacupuncture per-conditioning (EPEC) has demonstrated neuroprotective effects, indicating that this single-session intervention has short-term efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effect of EPEC at Huantiao (GB30) on motor recovery in acute cerebral ischemia mice.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-eight male C57 BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: Sham(<em>n</em> = <em>12</em>), Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Reperfusion, MCAO/R (<em>n</em> = <em>18</em>), and Electroacupuncture, EA (<em>n</em> = <em>18</em>). The EA group received 60 minutes of electroacupuncture during the ischemic phase. Cerebral blood flow was measured with a laser system, and neurological assessments, brain infarct volume, and neuronal damage were made at 24-, 48-, and 72-hours post-surgery. Motor recovery was tested on day 6, and inflammatory cytokines were measured on day 7.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EPEC at Huantiao (GB30) significantly improves motor function recovery in acute cerebral ischemia mice(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), Significantly reducing cerebral infarct volume(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and mitigating neuronal damage and apoptosis(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). It also promotes the restoration of cerebral blood flow during ischemia and regulates gradual restoration of cerebral blood flow in early reperfusion(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), potentially reducing reperfusion injury. Additionally, it decreases pro-inflammatory factors such as IL-2, IL-8, and IFN-γ(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>EPEC at Huantiao (GB30) significantly improves motor recovery in acute cerebral ischemia mice by reducing infarct size, lessening neuronal damage and apoptosis, increasing cerebral blood flow during ischemia, regulating gradual restoration of cerebral blood flow in early reperfusion, decreasing pro-inflammatory factors, and alleviating reperfusion injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute effect of aerobic exercise on inhibitory control and task-related heart rate variability in preadolescent children","authors":"Melanie Berger,&nbsp;Fabienne Bruggisser,&nbsp;Anja Schwarz,&nbsp;Rahel Leuenberger,&nbsp;Manuel Hanke,&nbsp;Markus Gerber,&nbsp;Sebastian Ludyga","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To investigate whether a single session of aerobic exercise improves inhibitory control in preadolescent children and whether this effect is mediated by changes in parasympathetic activity.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>In this experimental study, an intervention and control group were pair-matched by age, sex and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>114 participants either completed a 20 min moderately-intense exercise bout on a cycling ergometer or watched a 20 min video. Prior to and after these conditions, a computer-based Stroop task was administered. During the cognitive task, heart rate variability (HRV) was measured using electrocardiography.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Path-analyses did not support an association between group and posttest accuracy on the Stroop task, while controlling for pretest scores. However, the intervention group had lower time-domain based HRV at posttest. The examination of mediation models revealed a moderation by sex, as the relation of lower time-domain based HRV with higher accuracy on both congruent and incongruent trials of the Stroop task was observed in girls only.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A single aerobic exercise session does not necessarily improve inhibitory control in preadolescent children. However, the manipulation of the autonomic state towards a parasympathetic withdrawal has the potential to alter inhibitory control in girls in particular.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143060348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of monosodium glutamate-induced obesity on learning, memory, and DNA damage: Sex-based comparative study in rats","authors":"Fatih Altintas ,&nbsp;Hasan Akca ,&nbsp;Tunahan Anber ,&nbsp;Dilek Sayin ,&nbsp;Melek Tunc-Ata ,&nbsp;Vural Kucukatay ,&nbsp;Ismail Hakki Akbudak","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity is a global health crisis linked to numerous adverse outcomes including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and cognitive decline. This study investigated the sex-specific effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity on learning, memory, anxiety-like behavior, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in rats. In 32 neonatal Wistar albino rats, subcutaneous MSG injections were administered to induce obesity. Both male and female obese rats displayed significant abdominal fat accumulation, with a more pronounced increase in females. Cognitive assessments using the Morris water maze test revealed substantial impairments in learning and memory in both sexes, although no significant sex-related differences were observed. Anxiety-like behavior remained unaffected by obesity in both sexes, as indicated by behavioral tests. Oxidative stress in the hippocampus, measured by total oxidant and antioxidant levels, did not show significant alterations. However, the study found genotoxic effects in female obese rats, indicated by DNA damage, whereas male rats did not exhibit such effects. The results suggest that MSG-induced obesity negatively impacts cognitive function and causes genotoxicity, particularly in females, highlighting the potential sex-specific vulnerabilities in obesity-related pathologies. This research provides valuable insights into the cognitive and genetic consequences of obesity, with implications for understanding complex biological mechanisms across sexes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of high-fat diet on nicotine vapor self-administration, neuronal excitability, and leptin levels in adult mice","authors":"Samuel Tetteh-Quarshie,&nbsp;Karli M. Morrison,&nbsp;Nathan A. Olszewski,&nbsp;Lauren E. Young,&nbsp;Esther N. Mensah,&nbsp;Mason K. Sword,&nbsp;Brandon J. Henderson","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rise in fast-food culture and the continued high numbers of tobacco-related deaths, there has been a great deal of interest in understanding the relationship between high-fat diet (HFD) and nicotine use behaviors. Using adult mice and a patch-clamp electrophysiology assay, we investigated the influence of HFD on the excitability of ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons and pyramidal neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) given their role in modulating the reinforcing effects of nicotine and natural rewards. We then examined whether HFD-induced changes in peripheral markers were associated with nicotine use behaviors. Here, mice were assigned standard diet (SD) or HFD for 6 weeks and then trained to self-administer nicotine using an e-vape® self-administration (EVSA) assay. After the last session, changes in glucose, insulin, and leptin were assessed with ELISA. HFD-assigned mice displayed a decrease in intrinsic excitability of VTA dopamine neurons; but an increase in intrinsic excitability of layer VI prelimbic mPFC neurons. SD-assigned female mice demonstrated enhanced nicotine EVSA during fixed-ratio 3 relative to SD males. HFD-assigned male and female mice displayed increased nicotine EVSA during FR1. However, only HFD-assigned male mice exhibited enhanced nicotine EVSA during FR3. Finally, HFD-assigned male and female mice displayed increased leptin levels. However, we only observed a direct correlation between leptin levels and EVSA responding during FR1 in HFD-fed male mice. These results suggest that high-fat diet alter nicotine intake in a sex-specific manner, and this may be due to diet-induced changes in neuronal excitability and circulating leptin levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Saturated and poly-unsaturated fat-rich dietary supplements during adolescence restore risky decision-making behaviour in rats pre-exposed to early-life stress","authors":"Abanti Chowdhury,&nbsp;B.S.Shankaranarayana Rao,&nbsp;T.R. Laxmi","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies suggest that early-life stress (ELS) induced by early maternal separation and isolation (MS) stress during the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP) leads to increased curiosity-like and increased risky decision-making behaviour in adolescence. Evidence suggests that dietary interventions early in adolescence could play an important role in mitigating the detrimental effects of MS stress on risky decision-making behaviour. Hence, the present study hypothesized that nutritional supplements such as saturated fat (SFA) and/or polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) would be beneficial in ameliorating the impact of MS stress on risky decision-making behaviour when incorporated into the diet during early adolescence. NC and MS rats were subjected to the Risky Decision-Taking Task (RDTT) to assess the rats’ ability to make decisions under risky conditions. The results showed that MS rats took less time to cross the risky zone to collect a large reward. However, when an SFA-rich and PUFA-rich diet was provided, the latency of the MS rats increased. Similarly, MS stress-induced reduction in risk assessment was restored to normal with the SFA and PUFA-rich diet. Risk-index (RI) values also showed a similar trend with reduced RI values in MS, but nutritional supplementation increased the RI values making it comparable to that NC. Correlation analysis has further revealed a direct correlation between the anxiety-like behaviour and the risk-taking tendency in MS rats and not in the NC group. SFA-rich diet led to a positive correlation between anxiety-like and risk-taking behaviour. These findings thus support the hypothesis that PUFA- and SFA-rich diet may be introduced at adolescence to mitigate MS-stress induced increased risky decision-making behaviour due to a deficit in risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114821"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of the basolateral amygdala to prelimbic cortex pathway enhances risk-taking during risky decision-making shock task in rats","authors":"Ni Liu ,&nbsp;Yu-fei Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-tong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yong-hui Li ,&nbsp;Rui-si Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many animal studies have explored decision-making under risk and punishment, particularly regarding potential rewards, but less focus has been placed on contexts involving net losses. Understanding decision-making under net loss conditions can shed light on the neural mechanisms involved. The basolateral amygdala to prelimbic cortex (BLA→PL) pathway is crucial for risky decision-making. In this study, we investigated how rats make decisions under no-reward but shock conditions, specifically examining the role of the BLA→PL pathway. In the risky decision-making shock task (RDST), rats chose between a “small/certain” lever, which consistently delivered one pellet, and a “large/risky” lever, offering variable rewards with a 50 % probability of reward and a 50 % probability of 1-s foot-shock. The results showed that the shock condition decreased the preference for the large/risky lever, despite increasing rewards. Importantly, inhibiting the BLA→PL pathway significantly increased the selection of the “large/risky” lever compared to the control. Although rats in the clozapine N-oxide (CNO) group did not exhibit significant differences in response latency between levers, they exhibited heightened sensitivity to rewards and losses, suggesting that the BLA→PL pathway affects the encoding of the relationship between aversive stimuli and reward-seeking. Overall, these results provide valuable insights into the neural mechanisms of risk-taking, particularly regarding how inhibition in the BLA→PL pathway can influence reward processing and decision-making under no-reward but shock conditions, with implications for understanding risk-related psychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 114819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143041145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}