Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Taste and oral somatosensation: Role of PTC bitter sensitivity, gender, and age","authors":"Mariano Mastinu,&nbsp;Andreas Püschner,&nbsp;Saskia Gerlach,&nbsp;Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensitivity to the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is considered to be linked to general taste perception, which is higher in women, and exhibits a slight decrease with age. Additionally, PTC sensitivity may contribute to somatosensory perception of spiciness and astringency. However, controversial data have been reported. This study investigates the relation between PTC perception, age, and gender on taste and somatosensory sensitivity using the Seven-iTT. A total of 200 healthy participants were classified based on their PTC perception, and subjects underwent an extended version of Seven-iTT to identify and rate the intensity of twelve stimuli. Results indicated that individuals classified as Tasters (T) exhibited higher taste scores compared to Non-Tasters (NT) for PTC, with age serving as a significant factor (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.009). Women outperformed men only among NT (<em>p</em> = 0.019). Older T demonstrated higher taste sensitivity than NT, suggesting that PTC status might act as a protective factor of gustatory function in aging. While PTC taster status significantly affected the intensity of sweet, salty, and bitter sensations (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.032), it had minimal impact on the intensity of somatosensory sensations (capsaicin and tannins). The combined use of Seven-iTT and the investigation of PTC status show promise for applications in research and clinical practice, offering a comprehensive approach to understanding taste perception and its implications for diet, nutrition, and aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 114727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stair climbing interventions reduce postprandial hyperglycemia but not cognitive functions: findings of a randomized cross-over trial.","authors":"Eswaran Tpm Thirunavukarasu, Manaswi Reddy, Baskaran Chandrasekaran, Arun G Maiya, Chythra R Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged sitting can negatively impact postprandial glucose levels and cognitive functions. Stair climbing interventions have potential to mitigate these risks however remains unexplored. The present study aimed to explore the effects of stair climbing bouts on postprandial glucose and cognitive functions during prolonged sitting. Twenty-eight sedentary young adults (aged 20 - 30 years) underwent two intervention visits after standardized lunch for two hours: (1) STAIR: the participants climbed two flight of stairs for two minutes every 30 minutes; (2) SIT: the participants continued to sit. Blood glucose was measured using capillary finger prick method while attention function was measured using computer-based cognitive tests at baseline, end of 1st hour and 2nd hour. Significant interaction (F_{2, 54} = 15.96, p <0.001) was observed for conditions and time. During STAIR visit, significant changes in postprandial glucose at 1^st hour (β = - 2.6 mmol/dl, p <0.001) and 2^nd hour (β = 3.0 mmol/dl, p <0.001). No significant difference in the attention functions with time and conditions was observed. Stair climbing interruptions may be a promising solution to prevent high glycemic excursion occurring during prolonged sitting following postprandial sessions. However, the clinical benefits of stair climbing on attention functions remain unconvinced.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"114726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SENP3 knockdown improves motor and cognitive impairments in the intranasal MPTP rodent model of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Ericks S. Soares ,&nbsp;Leticia Y. Queiroz ,&nbsp;Jaquelini B. Canever ,&nbsp;Gustavo Griebner ,&nbsp;Carolina U. Stahler ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Mansur ,&nbsp;Rui Daniel S. Prediger ,&nbsp;Helena I. Cimarosti","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear, and effective treatments are still lacking. The conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), known as SUMOylation, to key proteins in PD has shown potential beneficial effects. Considering that this process is reversed by SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs), this study addressed the effects of increased SUMO-2/3 conjugation, mediated by SENP3 knockdown, in the intranasal 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) rodent model of PD. Two weeks after infusion of the shRNA-containing lentiviral vector into the dorsolateral striatum and one week following intranasal MPTP administration, male Wistar rats were evaluated using cognitive and motor behavioural tests. Infection efficiency was confirmed by detecting GFP expression in the dorsolateral striatum. SENP3 knockdown, verified by Western blotting, resulted in increased SUMO-2/3 conjugation. MPTP-administered rats displayed impairments in both recognition and spatial memories, while SENP3 knockdown prevented these deficits. Rats exposed to MPTP also exhibited motor dysfunction, which was ameliorated by SENP3 knockdown. These findings underscore the involvement of SUMO-2/3 conjugation in PD and its potential as a novel therapeutic target to counteract cognitive and motor impairments induced by neurodegeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 114725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported and physiological stress indicators and the moderating role of the Dark Tetrad in violent and non-violent gaming","authors":"Gary L. Wagener,&nbsp;André Melzer","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Playing non-violent video games has been shown to reduce perceived levels of stress (Pallavicini et al., 2021). Does this effect also apply to violent game content? As findings suggest a particular preference for such games among people with certain personality traits, such as the Dark Tetrad (i.e., Machiavellianism, everyday sadism, subclinical psychopathy, and narcissism; e.g., Bonfá-Araujo et al., 2022; Greitemeyer, 2015; Greitemeyer &amp; Sagioglou, 2017) do these traits influence the stress they feel? In the present lab experiment, potential stress-reducing effects of violent and non-violent video games were compared to a control condition (solving a jigsaw puzzle). Cortisol levels, heart rate variability (HRV), and self-reported stress levels were assessed before, during, and after gameplay. Irrespective of game condition, playing video game passages decreased cortisol levels, a typical indicator of stress. In addition, playing violent games led to a significant decrease in certain HRV indicators (i.e., ratio of low frequency power to high-frequency power), thus providing additional support for stress relief. In contrast, trying to solve a jigsaw puzzle did not result in stress reduction. Most results involving the Dark Tetrad traits showed null findings. However, participants with greater Dark Tetrad expressions experienced more relaxation after violent gameplay while showing greater stress reaction after trying to solve a jigsaw puzzle. The present results indicate that playing violent or non-violent video games can lead to physiological relaxation—an important finding for future research on the potential of video games for stress relief interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 114724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of maternal preconception high-fat diet on the fertility of dams and on the somatic parameters and reflex ontogeny of their male offspring","authors":"Maria Letícia da Veiga Dutra ,&nbsp;Danielle Melo de Souza ,&nbsp;Harley Mateus Coutinho Correia Santos ,&nbsp;José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto ,&nbsp;Naís Lira Soares ,&nbsp;Anne Caroline Alves Vieira ,&nbsp;Isabelle Karoline Carvalho Costa ,&nbsp;Thaís Bayma Barbosa Rolim ,&nbsp;Ângela Maria Tribuzy de Magalhães Cordeiro ,&nbsp;Diogo Antônio Alves de Vasconcelos ,&nbsp;Eduardo Carvalho Lira ,&nbsp;Adriano Francisco Alves ,&nbsp;Jailane de Souza Aquino","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Female consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) may cause fertility issues and affects offspring development.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Evaluate the acute maternal preconception intake of a HFD on the fertility and reproduction parameters of breeding females; and on the somatic parameters and reflex ontogeny of male offspring.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-four rats were randomized into control (PC; n=12) and high-fat diet group (PHF; n=12) that consumed their respective diets during the 23-day preconception period. After that, 6 rats per group underwent oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests and were euthanized. The remaining rats were mated, during gestation and lactation, both groups ate a control diet. After birth, the male offspring's somatic parameters and reflexes were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The preconception diet caused dyslipidemia in the PHF. The PHF uterus exhibited a higher SFA (50.74 ± 0.32 %), a lower PUFA concentration (35.59 ± 0.33 %), and an increase in arachidonic acid (2.48 ± 0.03 %). PHF rats had hypertrophy in the endometrium, and ovaries with a higher quantity of corpora albicans and immature primordial follicles. The offspring of PHF rats had greater weight (6.70 ± 0.82 g), nasal-anal length (4.93± 0.27 cm), and tail length (1.74 ± 0.12 cm) on the first day of life, and had improved righting reflex, but delayed negative geotaxis reflex.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>An acute maternal preconception HFD induced a pro-inflammatory fatty acid profile and changed structure in uterus, altered ovarian follicle profile. Also, potential interference in the size of the pups at birth and in brain development of male offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 114723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated balance exercise promotes cholinergic neuroprotection of the pedunculopontine nucleus in a progressive model of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Thassya F.O. dos Santos ,&nbsp;João E.C. Melo ,&nbsp;Heitor F. Santos ,&nbsp;José L.S. Souza ,&nbsp;Edson de R. Santos ,&nbsp;Maria C.S. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;José M.M. Bispo ,&nbsp;Katty A.A.L. Medeiros ,&nbsp;Lívia C.R.F. Lins ,&nbsp;Edenia C. Menezes ,&nbsp;Auderlan M. de Gois ,&nbsp;Regina H. Silva ,&nbsp;Alessandra M. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;José R. dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is a therapeutic approach that minimizes the impacts of balance alterations by enhancing the central vestibular compensation mechanism. The present study investigates the effect of repeated balance exercises on the central vestibular compensation mechanism in a reserpine-induced progressive model of parkinsonism in aged rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to three cohort experiments: Exp 1: repeated balance exercises (narrow beam test) – performed every 48 h during 20 days; Exp 2: balance exercises performed on the 0^th and 8^th days; Exp 3: balance exercises performed only on the 0^th and 20^th days. For each experiment, the animals were divided into two groups (n = 7 per group): CTL (vehicle) and RES (reserpine 0.1 mg/kg). The animals received 4 (exp. 2) or 10 (exp 1 and 3) s.c. injections (0.1 mg/kg), one every 48 h. The cohorts were evaluated using catalepsy and open field tests (0^th, 8^th and 20^th days). After completion of behavioral tests, the brains were analyzed for immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The RES group presented motor deficits in the catalepsy and open field tests on day 20, but not on day 8. There was no decrease in the number of TH neurons and terminals in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal striatum (DS) for animals from Exp. 2. However, a decrease was observed in the SNpc, VTA and striatum of animals from Exp 1 and Exp 3. In the balance beam test, the animals in the RES group showed a longer crossing time from day 8 to day 14 (Exp 1), on the 8^th day (Exp 2) and on the 20^th day (Exp. 3). This finding was correlated with a decrease in the number of ChAT immunoreactive cells in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) for the animals that performed the dynamic balance test only once (Exp. 2 and 3), but no reduction was observed in the animals that performed the test repeatedly (Epx. 1). Thus, it was possible to verify that repeated exposure of the animals to balance assessment tasks potentiated the performance of the central vestibular compensation mechanism in the animal model of parkinsonism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 114722"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between autonomic nervous function and brain functions such as memory and attention","authors":"Sakura Tatsumi ,&nbsp;Daisuke Kuratsune ,&nbsp;Hirohiko Kuratsune","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between autonomic nervous function (ANF) and cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention, using the Kana pick-out test (KPT). The participants were 11 female college students aged 21 years old. Each participant completed the KPT ten times, during which their ANF was assessed via heart rate variability analysis. During the KPT, participants circled Japanese vowels in a 400-character story written in hiragana. We measured attention using the KPT score and assessed memory using a memory score based on ten descriptive questions about the story. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between higher KPT and memory scores, indicating a link between memory and attention. The parasympathetic sinus modulation marker, high-frequency component power (HF), decreased during the kana-picking task (Interval B) and recovered during the subsequent content verification task (Interval C). In Interval A (before the kana-picking task), the HF showed a positive correlation with both the KPT and memory scores. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between HF and memory scores during interval B. Other autonomic nervous indices, including low-frequency component power (LF), total power (TP), and LF/HF ratio, also showed significant correlations with KPT and memory scores. Our findings strongly suggest that ANF is intricately connected to cognitive functions, such as memory and attention. This indicates that monitoring ANF could provide a novel methodology for assessing learning and occupational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 114721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of music mood and binaural beats on academic advertising","authors":"Fatih Baha Omeroglu,&nbsp;Yueqing Li,&nbsp;Victor Zaloom,&nbsp;James Curry,&nbsp;Alberto Marquez","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How music affects our mood, cognition, and feelings has been studied extensively. Since the effect of music on mood and cognition has been demonstrated many times, it has found significant applications, particularly in advertising. In recent years, the use of music in advertising has grown significantly, with 86 % of advertisements now incorporating some form of musical stimuli. Our study specifically analyzed the effect of music mood in advertising while introducing the new concept of binaural beats. Conducted in a lab setting, the study incorporated biometric measures such as electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking to enhance the research. The results revealed that calming music combined with binaural beats led to the highest levels of information retention and engagement, as indicated by increased left frontal beta power, relative theta power, and area of interest (AOI) dwell time percentages. Left frontal beta power is associated with increased attention and cognitive engagement, while relative theta power is linked to enhanced memory encoding and relaxation. The area of interest (AOI) dwell time percentages reflects the time participants focused on key areas of the advertisement, indicating higher attention levels. Although the study found unique connections between music mood and binaural beats, calming music with binaural beats produced the most favorable conditions for attention and memory retention. These findings provide valuable guidelines for future marketing strategies, particularly in academic advertising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 114720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise intensity of virtual reality exergaming modulates the responses to executive function and affective response in sedentary young adults: A randomized, controlled crossover feasibility study","authors":"Qian Gu ,&nbsp;Jie Mao ,&nbsp;Jinhai Sun ,&nbsp;Wei-Peng Teo","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual reality (VR) exergaming is a novel strategy to encourage physical activity and boost emotional well-being. However, its effects on executive function (EF) are not fully understood. This study assessed the immediate and retention effects of immersive VR exergaming, at varying exercise intensities, on EF and affect among sedentary college students. Thirty participants (mean age = 22.2 ± 2.5 years; 18 females) underwent 15-minute sessions of moderate-intensity (MI), high-intensity (HI), and active-control intensity (AC) VR exergaming in a counterbalanced order. EF was evaluated using the Flanker, Task-switching, and N-back tasks before, immediately after, and 30 min post-intervention. Emotional valence and arousal were measured by the Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale, respectively. The inverse efficiency score (IES) results indicated that inhibitory control was higher following both MI and HI exergaming compared to AC (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with improvements sustained for 30 minutes HI VR exergaming showed the greatest improvement (<em>p</em> = 0.048). Both HI and MI also exhibited higher working memory capacity than AC (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with HI performing better (<em>p</em> = 0.039). No significant differences in task-switching performance were observed among the groups (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Emotional valence and arousal were significantly elevated immediately after and sustained for 30 minutes following MI and HI exergaming (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). This study demonstrates the cognitive and affective benefits of MI and HI VR exergaming in young adults, with HI VR exergaming showing longer-lasting improvements. These findings suggest that immersive VR exergaming can enhance both physical and cognitive health, potentially improving academic performance and daily functionality in collegiate populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 114719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into individual differences in response to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats with respect to hippocampal BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels","authors":"Nastaran Talaee ,&nbsp;Mehrnaz Azad Yekta ,&nbsp;Salar Vaseghi","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preclinical and clinical studies have shown a wide-range of individual differences in response to stressors or novel environments which can affect the susceptibility to develop abnormal behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders. Both vulnerability and resiliency have been observed in animals and humans experiencing stressful events. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a rodent depression model consisting of various stressors. This protocol leads to depressive- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodents. The present study aimed to evaluate potential individual differences in response to CUMS in rats, with respect to the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glycogen synthase kinases 3-beta (GSK3-β) (proteins involved in the modulation of mood, neuroplasticity, and cognition) in the hippocampus. CUMS was performed for four consecutive weeks. Depressive-like behavior, locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and pain threshold were also evaluated using forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), and the hot plate (HP), respectively. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels. The results showed that CUMS rats can be classified as two clusters: affected and non-affected (depressed and non-depressed). Affected rats showed depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, decreased locomotor activity, and increased pain threshold. However, non-affected rats were similar to controls. In addition, there was a downregulation of BDNF and upregulation of GSK3-β in affected rats. Spearman correlation analysis also showed a relationship between BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels with individual differences. In conclusion, the present study showed that BDNF and GSK3-β may be involved in individual differences in CUMS rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"287 ","pages":"Article 114718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}