Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"The effects of pharmacologic estradiol on anxiety-related behavior in adolescent and adult female mice","authors":"Kalynn M. Schulz ,&nbsp;Marcia C. Chavez ,&nbsp;Zoey Forrester-Fronstin","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early pubertal onset during adolescence is consistently linked with increased risk of anxiety and depression in girls. Although estradiol tends to have anxiolytic effects on behavior in adulthood, whether estradiol's anxiolytic actions change pre- to post-adolescent development is not clear. Using a rodent model, the current study tested whether anxiety-like responses to estradiol differ before and after adolescence in female mice. Prepubertal and adult C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized, implanted with vehicle- or estradiol-filled silastic capsules, and behavioral tested 6 days later in the open field and elevated zero maze. A pharmacologic dose of estradiol was administered in silastic capsules (0.72 μg/0.02 mL) to maximize behavioral responses at both ages. In the open field, estradiol implants decreased anxiety-like behavior in adolescent females (relative to vehicle) and had negligible effects on anxiety-related behavior in adult females. These data suggest that adolescence is associated with changes in behavioral responsiveness to estradiol. In the elevated zero maze, adolescent females displayed higher levels of anxiety-like behavior than adults, irrespective of estradiol treatment. These findings demonstrate that substantial changes in anxiety-related behavior occur during adolescence, including an assay-dependent shift in behavioral responsiveness to estradiol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 114862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the Impact of 28-Week Multicomponent and Strength Exercises on Brain Health, Salivary Stress, and Mental Well-Being in Frail Older Women: A Controlled Trial analysis.","authors":"Guilherme Eustáquio Furtado, Marcelo Paes de Barros, Rafael N Rodrigues, André Luís Lacerda Bachi, Matheus Uba Chupel, Saulo Vasconcelos Rocha, Rodolfo R Vieira, Eef Hogervorst, Ana Maria Teixeira, José Pedro Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In recent years, the efficacy of various physical exercise programs in enhancing functional fitness among frail older adults has gained recognition. However, limited research has concurrently explored the long-term effects of exercise on brain health, stress biomarkers, and mental well-being. This study aimed to investigate the impact of two distinct chair-based exercise programs on salivary stress hormones and psychological well-being in frail older women over a 28-week period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 140 individuals participated in the enrollment phase, with 84 eligible participants randomly assigned to three groups. Following the intervention, data from 60 participants were analyzed across the multicomponent exercise (MCE, n = 23), elastic band muscle-strength exercise (ESE, n=19), and non-exercise control (CG n=18) groups. Salivary biomarkers of alpha-amylase (α-AMY) Cortisol (COR), alpha-amylase/cortisol ratio, psychological indicators and physical frailty (PF) and functional fitness were assessed pre- and post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Salivary COR levels exhibited a significant time × group interaction, with a moderate increase in MCE, a small decrease in ESE, and a substantial increase in CGne. Salivary α-AMY levels varied significantly over time and by group, with a small decrease in both exercise groups and a moderate increase in CGne. The α-AMY /COR ratio also displayed a significant interaction effect. Additionally, significant improvements were observed in PF compound scores, general self-efficacy, attitudes toward aging, and reductions in perceived stress and depressive symptoms (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Notably, the MCE program demonstrated greater benefits than ESE. The observed associations between changes in α-AMY levels, mental well-being, and functional fitness indicators contribute novel evidence on the psychophysiological adaptations to long-term exercise. Importantly, reductions in PF scores correlated with improvements in self-efficacy, attitudes toward aging, and handgrip strength, reinforcing the link between functional fitness, stress regulation, and psychological well-being. These findings emphasize the need for tailored exercise interventions to enhance both physiological resilience and mental health in frail older populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"114868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alcohol and cannabis use for pain management: Translational findings of relative risks, benefits, and interactions","authors":"Sumin Lee,&nbsp;Scott Edwards","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic pain affects over 20% of the global population and contributes to the vast burden of psychiatric illness. While effective treatments for chronic pain remain limited, both alcohol and cannabis have been used for centuries to manage pain and closely associated negative affective symptoms. However, persistent misuse of alcohol and/or cannabis in such a negative reinforcement fashion is hypothesized to increase the risk of severity of substance use disorders (SUDs). The current review describes neurobiological evidence for the analgesic efficacy of alcohol and primary cannabis constituents and how use or co-use of these substances may influence SUD risk.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 114867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of amisulpride in male schizophrenics: Role of short-chain fatty acids and gene expression changes.","authors":"Saizheng Weng, Jinchi Zheng, Yichuan Lin, Hongqiao Fang, Chih-Yuan Ko","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex disorder characterized by acute symptom exacerbations. Amisulpride, an antipsychotic, has shown effects beyond its primary neurochemical actions, suggesting an influence on the gut microbiome, cytokine modulation, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism. This study aims to investigate these broader effects by examining changes in serum SCFA levels and gene expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following amisulpride treatment. Patients with SCZ undergoing a four-week amisulpride regimen were enrolled. Serum SCFA levels were quantified by gas chromatography, and gene expression profiling was performed in PBMCs using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to assess treatment-associated changes. Results revealed that treatment with amisulpride resulted in a significant increase in serum acetate levels. Gene expression analysis revealed upregulation of G-protein coupled receptor 109a (GPR109a), histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), G-protein coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), soluble CD14 (sCD14), and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), while Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and pregnane X receptor (PXR) were downregulated. These findings suggest that amisulpride may modulate acetate metabolism and immune signaling pathways in SCZ, potentially contributing to anti-inflammatory effects and neuroimmune regulation. The observed increase in acetate, a key microbial metabolite, and the altered expression of immune-related genes suggest a possible link between metabolic shifts and immunomodulatory responses in SCZ pathophysiology. However, direct evidence linking these changes to gut-brain axis mechanisms remains insufficient. Further research is needed to elucidate the therapeutic implications of these metabolic and immunological alterations and their potential role in symptom modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"114864"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The psychology of thermoregulation: A coordinating mechanisms approach","authors":"Elias C. Acevedo ,&nbsp;Kaitlyn P. White ,&nbsp;Laith Al-Shawaf","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature is more than just the background setting of daily life—it shapes what we think, feel, and do. Drawing from the theory of emotions as coordinating mechanisms, we propose that thermal affect influences key psychological systems such as attention, memory, perception, and motivation in service of solving critical thermal challenges. Through an evolutionary task analysis, we generate a variety of testable predictions regarding the interplay of temperature, human cognition, and behavior. We hope that this manuscript contributes to the psychology of thermoregulation, a notably understudied area of research despite its importance to both basic and applied science.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 114865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143531841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discriminative properties of rewarding electrical brain stimulation","authors":"Benita Lizeth Pacheco-Gomez ,&nbsp;Wendy Andrea Zepeda-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Daniel Velazquez-Lopez ,&nbsp;Peter Shizgal ,&nbsp;David N. Velazquez-Martinez","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rewarding electrical brain stimulation (EBS) can serve as a discriminative stimulus. It has long been suspected that this discriminative property reflects the subjective intensity of the rewarding effect. In turn, the counter model of spatiotemporal integration attributes the subjective reward intensity produced by a stimulation train of fixed duration to the number of firings triggered in the directly activated neural substrate. If the discriminative property of rewarding EBS depends on subjective reward intensity, it should also obey the counter model. To determine whether this is so, we used rewarding EBS of the medial forebrain bundle in rats as a discriminative stimulus to guide responding for a sucrose reward, and we varied the amplitude and frequency of the pulses constituting the stimulation train. High- or low-EBS trains, signaled which of two levers would deliver the sucrose reward. On generalization trials, the train serving as the discriminative stimulus was intermediate in strength to the high- and low-EBS trains. Responding on the two levers varied systematically as a function of stimulation strength. The order (ascending, descending or random) in which the strength of the discriminative stimulus varied was without discernible effect. In most rats, similar curves relate discriminative performance to stimulation strength regardless of whether pulse amplitude or pulse frequency was varied. Thus, the counter model was largely successful in accounting for the effect of varying stimulation strength on discrimination performance. This result is consistent with the hypothesis that the subjective intensity of the rewarding effect is the basis for the discrimination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 114863"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Heart Rate Variability Reactivity and Prospective Memory in a Sample of Coronary Artery Disease and Healthy Controls.","authors":"Yen-Hsuan Hsu, Ding-Yu Jiang, Hsin-Chin Chen, Bo-Cheng Hsu, Li-Ren Hsieh, Hsin-Lei Yao, Yung-Ching Chang, Chia-Ying Weng, Cho-I Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Prospective memory (PM), the ability of remembering and executing intended actions, is essential to goal-directed behavior. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is associated with cognitive deficits, including impairments in executive function and memory; however, its specific impact on PM remains underexplored. Emerging evidence suggests that PM may covary with autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, which is often impaired in patients with CAD. Therefore, we aimed to explore whether cardiac vagal control, both at rest and during cognitive challenge, influences PM performance in the context of CAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 56 patients with CAD and 38 healthy controls completed a computerized PM test and underwent heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Resting cardiac vagal control was measured by root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio. Percentage change in these HRV variables from rest to PM task represented vagal reactivity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that worse PM performance was predicted by CAD diagnosis after controlling for age and education, and adding RMSSD reactivity and LH/HF ratio reactivity during the PM task significantly improved the explanatory power beyond CAD diagnosis. A parallel mediation model confirmed that HRV reactivity mediated the relationship between CAD and PM performance.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings highlight that cardiac vagal reactivity plays a significant role in PM performance and may act as an underlying mechanism of CAD-related cognitive deficits. This underscores the importance of ANS function in regulating cognitive processes, and further supports the brain-heart connection framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"114861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Sprague Dawley with Long Evans rats on a battery of widely used neurobehavioral tests.","authors":"Kimaya R Raje, Michael T Williams, Charles V Vorhees","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genetic knockout (KO) models are valuable tools for understanding biological functions and disease mechanisms. KO models in rats have fallen behind those in mice which limits advances in areas where rats have advantages because they can perform more complex cognitive tasks. Two widely used rat strains are Sprague Dawley (SD) and Long Evans (LE). Creating conditional KO models requires crossing Floxed and Cre lines with the constructs of interest but if they are on different genetic backgrounds, offspring will differ not only on the targeted gene but on genes of the differing background strains. We evaluated strain differences in SD and LE rats for behaviors that included: open-field locomotor activity in familiar and novel contexts, acoustic and tactile startle, egocentric and allocentric learning and memory, conditioned freezing, and working memory. Strain differences were found on open-field activity, startle prepulse inhibition, swimming, Cincinnati water maze (CWM), conditioned freezing, and 72 h home-cage activity. However, in the Morris water maze (MWM), performance was comparable between strains during acquisition and reversal, with LE rats slightly better in a third, shift phase with the platform in a third location. These data provide information on similarities and differences between SD and LE rats that may be useful to know when these strains are used to create conditional KO models or in regulatory safety studies. .</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"114860"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social housing conditions, hierarchical status and testing order affect behavioral test outcomes of male C57BL6/J mice","authors":"Lidewij Schipper ,&nbsp;Steffen van Heijningen ,&nbsp;Giorgio Karapetsas ,&nbsp;Jocelien D.A. Olivier ,&nbsp;Gertjan van Dijk","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Male mice are frequently used for behavioral neuroscience research, but outcomes of behavioral tests are often variable across studies, contributing to poor reproducibility. Social housing conditions, social hierarchical status and within-cage order of testing are factors that likely influence behavioral outcomes, but it is unknown to what extent and if these factors interact. For this purpose, behavior of socially and individually housed male C57BL6/J mice was studied upon subjection to the open field test, the elevated plus-maze test and the three-chamber social test. In socially housed animals, effects of social hierarchical status and within-cage testing order were evaluated. We show that the differences in behavior outcomes between individually and socially housed mice depend on the social hierarchical status and the test order of the socially housed mice. Careful consideration of these factors in the design, analysis and interpretation of behavioral experiments with socially housed mice can lead to more precise results and more reliable research outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 114859"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143503622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial adiposity is associated with body composition changes in response to diet-induced weight loss in normal-weight healthy individuals: The first results of the NUTRILEX study","authors":"Léna Pélissier ,&nbsp;Inès Ramos ,&nbsp;Bruno Pereira ,&nbsp;Yves Boirie ,&nbsp;Martine Duclos ,&nbsp;David Thivel ,&nbsp;Laurie Isacco","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114854","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While a significant number of normal-weight individuals are engaged in dieting practices, there is a need to better characterize the composition of weight change during and after weight loss (WL) intervention in this population. The study aimed to examine body composition in response to diet-induced WL and 4-month follow-up in normal-weight adults. Thirty-five participants (23 ± 4 y, 24 females) joined the laboratory to measure body weight (BW) and body composition using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry on 5 occasions: baseline (T0), 3 % WL (T1, <em>n</em> = 32), 6 % WL (T2, <em>n</em> = 18), 1-month follow-up (T3, <em>n</em> = 18), 4-month follow-up (T4, <em>n</em> = 16). BW, fat mass ([FM], kg and %), and lean body mass (LBM) decreased at T1 and T2 compared to T0 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). While the participants with lower initial adiposity lost a lower proportion of FM at T1 and T2 (rho &lt; -0.45, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), the rate of WL and WL duration were not associated with changes in body composition. Participants declaring to stop the diet after the intervention significantly regained more BW and LBM, but not FM, from the end of the intervention to T3 (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and T4 (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.01) compared to those who wanted to continue. To conclude, while both FM and LBM tissues were reduced in response to a diet-induced WL, only a major LBM regain was observed after 4 months of follow-up in participants who declared to not continue the diet at the end of the intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"293 ","pages":"Article 114854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}