Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Voluntary food restriction does not affect circulating corticosterone in obesity-prone or -resistant male and female rats.","authors":"Julie E Finnell, Carrie R Ferrario","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food restriction in rodents can increase circulating corticosterone, which reflects activation of physiological stress responses. These responses affect a myriad of behaviors and physiological processes and can increase the risk of obesity. Most of these studies have used experimenter-imposed restriction. However, rats will voluntarily restrict their food intake if they are returned to chow after a period of access to sugary, fatty \"junk food\" (JF) diet. Here we examine the effects of voluntary food restriction in obesity-prone and -resistant rats on circulating corticosterone concentrations and determine whether corticosterone release in response to acute stress differs in groups with a history of JF consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is androstadienone a human male pheromone? More research is needed.","authors":"Junyi Gan, Yin Wu, Xue Lei, Chengyang Han","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Androsta-4,16‑dien-3-one (androstadienone, AND), a steroid predominantly found in male secretions, has been associated with a variety of sex-specific effects on emotion, physiological states, cognition, and neural activity. An expanding body of literature has explored the influence of AND on human behavior and perception, leading to its frequent description as a \"putative human sex pheromone.\" This article reviews the existing research on the physiological, cognitive, and neuroimaging effects of AND, critically assessing the evidence regarding its classification as a human sex pheromone. Additionally, it underscores the need for methodological standardization and rigor in future studies to establish clearer conclusions. Based on current evidence, the categorization of AND as a \"human sex pheromone\" remains inconclusive, highlighting the necessity for continued investigation. Future research directions are suggested to further elucidate AND's potential effects and applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cafeteria diet and caloric restriction affect metabolic but not behavioral characteristics in male Wistar rats.","authors":"Christakis Kagios, Susanne Hetty, Alfhild Grönbladh, Maria J Pereira, Jan W Eriksson, Erika Roman","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cafeteria diet and caloric restriction on behavioral and metabolic profiles of adult male Wistar rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12/group) and from 10 weeks of age fed either ad libitum standard rat chow (control group), ad libitum cafeteria diet in addition to standard chow (diet-induced obesity (DIO) group) or kept on caloric restriction (at 85% weight of controls; restricted group) for a period of 12 weeks. Body weight was assessed twice per week and glucose levels were measured at three times during the 12-week period. At week 11 the animals were behaviorally profiled using the multivariate concentric square field™ (MCSF) test. After 12 weeks of diet the animals were euthanized, blood collected, relative organ weights were assessed and plasma or serum levels of insulin, glucose, and lipid profile were measured. The DIO group gained 23% more weight than the control group (p < 0.001) and increased adipose tissue weight in comparison to the control (p < 0.001) and restricted (p < 0.001) groups. Glucose was significantly increased (p < 0.001) only during the second measurement at week 7 and insulin levels were elevated in the DIO group compared to controls and restricted groups (p < 0.01; p < 0.001, respectively). Plasma cholesterol levels were reduced for both DIO (p < 0.01) and restricted (p < 0.001) groups relative to controls. Adiponectin and leptin levels were higher for the DIO group in comparison to both the control (p < 0.001; p < 0.05) and restricted (p < 0.001; p < 0.001) groups. Thus, the two diets led to significant changes in body weight gain, adiposity, and metabolism. However, they did not alter the behavioral profiles in the MCSF test, suggesting that activity, exploration, risk assessment, risk taking or shelter seeking remained unaffected by the dietary interventions. The current findings suggest that an increase or reduction in energy intake resulted in no behavioral effects, despite the accompanying glycemic alterations potentially related to diabetes development.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal bisphenol A exposure has an age- and dose-dependent association with thyroid allostasis adaptive response, as well as anxiogenic-depressive-like and asocial behaviors in juvenile and adult male rats.","authors":"Heba-Tallah Abd Elrahim Abd Elkader, Ahmed S Al-Shami, Hanaa Said Darwish","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thyroid hormones are essential for brain development, and a shortage throughout the fetal and postnatal periods can result in mood disorders. Perinatal exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) affects thyroid activity and dependent processes indirectly during pregnancy or early postnatal life. This is particularly important because it may cause changes in tissue ontogeny, increasing the risk of developing disorders later in life. The study aimed to investigate the consequences of thyroid hormone deficiency on anxiety, social, and depressive behaviors, as well as disruption in thyroid peroxidase (TPO) gene expression, which influences the NF-κB/Nrf-2/HO-1/iNOS signaling pathway, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA fragmentation in perinatal BPA exposure (PND18), and whether these effects can be observed in juvenile (PND60) and adult (PND95) male offspring rats. BPA increased anxiety-like behavior while decreasing sucrose preference and sociability on a choice task between novel conspecific male rats and enhanced immobility on the forced swim test. Perinatal exposure to BPA causes thyroid insult by overproducing ROS, increasing iNOS, and NF-κB levels-these effects, in turn, down-regulate Nrf-2/HO-1 signaling, resulting in DNA fragmentation within thyroid tissues. Furthermore, perinatal BPA exposure for 60 and 95 days resulted in a significant fold decrease in TPO mRNA levels in the thyroid tissues, with an insignificant fold rise in TPO expression levels in BPA 50-60. In conclusion, the present study found that perinatal BPA exposure induced thyroid allostasis-adaptive response by inhibiting the NF-κB/Nrf-2/HO-1/iNOS signaling pathway and altering the transcriptional expression of TPO, where TSH reinforced a possible association with TPO activity, disrupting thyroid hormone synthesis in juvenile rats and gradual deterioration reaching the adult stage.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142605980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Walking economy and exercise efficiency in successful weight loss maintainers.","authors":"Seth A Creasy, Rebecca C Rosenberg, Danielle M Ostendorf, Ray Browning, Edward L Melanson, Zhaoxing Pan, Victoria A Catenacci","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Following short-term weight loss, the energetic cost of transport decreases and exercise efficiency increases. Whether changes persist during long-term weight maintenance is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared walking economy and exercise efficiency in weight loss maintainers (WLM, maintaining ≥13.6 kg weight loss for ≥1 year), controls without obesity (NC, BMI similar to current BMI of WLM), and controls with overweight/obesity (OC, BMI similar to pre-weight loss BMI of WLM). Energy expenditure (EE) and respiratory quotient were measured using indirect calorimetry at rest, while standing, and during treadmill walking. Gross and net energetic cost of transport (J/kg/m) was measured during level treadmill walking at 0.75, 1.12, and 1.52 m/s. Gross, net, and delta efficiency (%) were measured during inclined treadmill walking (2 %, 4 %, and 6 % grade) and a constant speed (1.12 m/s).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WLM (n = 32, BMI: 23.8 ± 2.3 kg/m²) and NC (n = 28, BMI: 22.7 ± 1.6 kg/m²) had significantly lower EE (kJ/min) compared to OC (n = 26, BMI: 33.0 ± 4.5 kg/m²) during rest, standing, and walking (p < 0.01). Net energetic cost of transport was significantly lower in WLM compared to OC at 1.12 and 1.52 m/s (p < 0.05). Net efficiency was significantly greater in WLM compared to OC while walking (p ≤ 0.05). There were no significant differences between WLM and NC for any measures of economy or efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>WLM had lower walking economy and greater walking efficiency compared to OC, but there were no differences between WLM and NC. Thus, individuals maintaining significant weight loss may be successful with long-term weight loss, in part, due to resistance against adaptive reductions in walking energetics.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taste and oral somatosensation: Role of PTC bitter sensitivity, gender, and age","authors":"Mariano Mastinu,&nbsp;Andreas Püschner,&nbsp;Saskia Gerlach,&nbsp;Thomas Hummel","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sensitivity to the bitterness of phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) is considered to be linked to general taste perception, which is higher in women, and exhibits a slight decrease with age. Additionally, PTC sensitivity may contribute to somatosensory perception of spiciness and astringency. However, controversial data have been reported. This study investigates the relation between PTC perception, age, and gender on taste and somatosensory sensitivity using the Seven-iTT. A total of 200 healthy participants were classified based on their PTC perception, and subjects underwent an extended version of Seven-iTT to identify and rate the intensity of twelve stimuli. Results indicated that individuals classified as Tasters (T) exhibited higher taste scores compared to Non-Tasters (NT) for PTC, with age serving as a significant factor (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.009). Women outperformed men only among NT (<em>p</em> = 0.019). Older T demonstrated higher taste sensitivity than NT, suggesting that PTC status might act as a protective factor of gustatory function in aging. While PTC taster status significantly affected the intensity of sweet, salty, and bitter sensations (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.032), it had minimal impact on the intensity of somatosensory sensations (capsaicin and tannins). The combined use of Seven-iTT and the investigation of PTC status show promise for applications in research and clinical practice, offering a comprehensive approach to understanding taste perception and its implications for diet, nutrition, and aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stair climbing interventions reduce postprandial hyperglycemia but not cognitive functions: findings of a randomized cross-over trial.","authors":"Eswaran Tpm Thirunavukarasu, Manaswi Reddy, Baskaran Chandrasekaran, Arun G Maiya, Chythra R Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prolonged sitting can negatively impact postprandial glucose levels and cognitive functions. Stair climbing interventions have potential to mitigate these risks however remains unexplored. The present study aimed to explore the effects of stair climbing bouts on postprandial glucose and cognitive functions during prolonged sitting. Twenty-eight sedentary young adults (aged 20 - 30 years) underwent two intervention visits after standardized lunch for two hours: (1) STAIR: the participants climbed two flight of stairs for two minutes every 30 minutes; (2) SIT: the participants continued to sit. Blood glucose was measured using capillary finger prick method while attention function was measured using computer-based cognitive tests at baseline, end of 1st hour and 2nd hour. Significant interaction (F_{2, 54} = 15.96, p <0.001) was observed for conditions and time. During STAIR visit, significant changes in postprandial glucose at 1^st hour (β = - 2.6 mmol/dl, p <0.001) and 2^nd hour (β = 3.0 mmol/dl, p <0.001). No significant difference in the attention functions with time and conditions was observed. Stair climbing interruptions may be a promising solution to prevent high glycemic excursion occurring during prolonged sitting following postprandial sessions. However, the clinical benefits of stair climbing on attention functions remain unconvinced.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SENP3 knockdown improves motor and cognitive impairments in the intranasal MPTP rodent model of Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Ericks S Soares, Leticia Y Queiroz, Jaquelini B Canever, Gustavo Griebner, Carolina U Stahler, Daniel S Mansur, Rui Daniel S Prediger, Helena I Cimarosti","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear, and effective treatments are still lacking. The conjugation of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), known as SUMOylation, to key proteins in PD has shown potential beneficial effects. Considering that this process is reversed by SUMO-specific proteases (SENPs), this study addressed the effects of increased SUMO-2/3 conjugation, mediated by SENP3 knockdown, in the intranasal 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) rodent model of PD. Two weeks after infusion of the shRNA-containing lentiviral vector into the dorsolateral striatum and one week following intranasal MPTP administration, male Wistar rats were evaluated using cognitive and motor behavioural tests. Infection efficiency was confirmed by detecting GFP expression in the dorsolateral striatum. SENP3 knockdown, verified by Western blotting, resulted in increased SUMO-2/3 conjugation. MPTP-administered rats displayed impairments in both recognition and spatial memories, while SENP3 knockdown prevented these deficits. Rats exposed to MPTP also exhibited motor dysfunction, which was ameliorated by SENP3 knockdown. These findings underscore the involvement of SUMO-2/3 conjugation in PD and its potential as a novel therapeutic target to counteract cognitive and motor impairments induced by neurodegeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-reported and physiological stress indicators and the moderating role of the Dark Tetrad in violent and non-violent gaming","authors":"Gary L. Wagener,&nbsp;André Melzer","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Playing non-violent video games has been shown to reduce perceived levels of stress (Pallavicini et al., 2021). Does this effect also apply to violent game content? As findings suggest a particular preference for such games among people with certain personality traits, such as the Dark Tetrad (i.e., Machiavellianism, everyday sadism, subclinical psychopathy, and narcissism; e.g., Bonfá-Araujo et al., 2022; Greitemeyer, 2015; Greitemeyer &amp; Sagioglou, 2017) do these traits influence the stress they feel? In the present lab experiment, potential stress-reducing effects of violent and non-violent video games were compared to a control condition (solving a jigsaw puzzle). Cortisol levels, heart rate variability (HRV), and self-reported stress levels were assessed before, during, and after gameplay. Irrespective of game condition, playing video game passages decreased cortisol levels, a typical indicator of stress. In addition, playing violent games led to a significant decrease in certain HRV indicators (i.e., ratio of low frequency power to high-frequency power), thus providing additional support for stress relief. In contrast, trying to solve a jigsaw puzzle did not result in stress reduction. Most results involving the Dark Tetrad traits showed null findings. However, participants with greater Dark Tetrad expressions experienced more relaxation after violent gameplay while showing greater stress reaction after trying to solve a jigsaw puzzle. The present results indicate that playing violent or non-violent video games can lead to physiological relaxation—an important finding for future research on the potential of video games for stress relief interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of maternal preconception high-fat diet on the fertility of dams and on the somatic parameters and reflex ontogeny of their male offspring.","authors":"Maria Letícia da Veiga Dutra, Danielle Melo de Souza, Harley Mateus Coutinho Correia Santos, José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto, Naís Lira Soares, Anne Caroline Alves Vieira, Isabelle Karoline Carvalho Costa, Thaís Bayma Barbosa Rolim, Ângela Maria Tribuzy de Magalhães Cordeiro, Diogo Antônio Alves de Vasconcelos, Eduardo Carvalho Lira, Adriano Francisco Alves, Jailane de Souza Aquino","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Female consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) may cause fertility issues and affects offspring development.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the acute maternal preconception intake of a HFD on the fertility and reproduction parameters of breeding females; and on the somatic parameters and reflex ontogeny of male offspring.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-four rats were randomized into control (PC; n=12) and high-fat diet group (PHF; n=12) that consumed their respective diets during the 23-day preconception period. After that, 6 rats per group underwent oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests and were euthanized. The remaining rats were mated, during gestation and lactation, both groups ate a control diet. After birth, the male offspring's somatic parameters and reflexes were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preconception diet caused dyslipidemia in the PHF. The PHF uterus exhibited a higher SFA (50.74 ± 0.32 %), a lower PUFA concentration (35.59 ± 0.33 %), and an increase in arachidonic acid (2.48 ± 0.03 %). PHF rats had hypertrophy in the endometrium, and ovaries with a higher quantity of corpora albicans and immature primordial follicles. The offspring of PHF rats had greater weight (6.70 ± 0.82 g), nasal-anal length (4.93± 0.27 cm), and tail length (1.74 ± 0.12 cm) on the first day of life, and had improved righting reflex, but delayed negative geotaxis reflex.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An acute maternal preconception HFD induced a pro-inflammatory fatty acid profile and changed structure in uterus, altered ovarian follicle profile. Also, potential interference in the size of the pups at birth and in brain development of male offspring.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142558524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}