Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation with and without positive mood induction on worry and transdiagnostic cognitive-emotional processes: A randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Fateme Shahsavari, Farzad Nasiri, Mehdi Zemestani","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigated the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), with and without positive mood induction, on worry and key transdiagnostic cognitive-emotional processes, including attentional bias, working memory, problem solving, and emotion regulation, in individuals with high levels of worry. This single-blind randomized controlled trial included 45 individuals with high levels of worry. After a structured clinical interview, participants were randomly assigned, with gender balancing, to one of three groups: (1) tDCS alone, (2) tDCS combined with positive mood induction, or (3) a sham control group. Outcome measures were administered at three time points (pretest, posttest, and one-month follow-up) and assessed attentional bias (Dot Probe Task), working memory (1-back task), problem solving (Tower of London task), emotion regulation (Gross's Emotion Regulation Questionnaire), and worry severity (Penn State Worry Questionnaire; PSWQ). Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that both active groups (tDCS alone and tDCS + positive mood induction) significantly improved attentional bias, worry, working memory, problem solving, and emotion regulation compared to controls (p < 0.05). The combined intervention produced significantly greater gains than tDCS alone in working memory, problem solving, emotion regulation (p < 0.05), and reductions in attentional bias and worry (p < 0.001). All effects persisted at one-month follow-up (p < 0.05). tDCS reduces worry and attentional bias and enhances cognition and emotion regulation in individuals with high levels of worry. The combined intervention produced larger and more sustained improvements than tDCS alone across the assessed behavioral outcomes. These findings support further investigation of combining tDCS with structured positive mood induction while the mechanisms underlying the additional benefits remain to be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"115461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148702163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal high-fat diet and metformin treatment affect palatable diet preference and central reward system gene expression in rat offspring in a sex-specific manner.","authors":"Shuyuan Hu, Jiaqi Cui, Rui Wang, Jingyue Wang, Haonan Guo, Duowen Zhang, Lizhe Zou, Lin Song, Bo Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maternal metformin (MT) treatment improves the metabolic phenotype of high-fat (HF) diet-exposed offspring, but its effect on offspring's palatable food preference remains unclear. We assessed HF diet and sucrose preferences in adult offspring from Sprague-Dawley rat dams fed a control diet, an HF diet with or without MT treatment. Additionally, we measured the mRNA expression of sweet taste perception-related genes in taste buds and dopamine- and opioid-related genes in the central reward system. In adult males, maternal HF diet increased HF food preference and decreased dopamine-related gene expression in the reward system. Furthermore, maternal MT treatment decreased low-concentration sucrose preference, and reduced opioid-related gene expression in the reward system. Maternal HF diet elevated sweet taste perception-related gene expression in taste buds, while maternal MT treatment reversed these changes. In adult females, neither maternal HF diet nor MT treatment affected HF food preference. However, maternal HF diet decreased low-concentration sucrose preference and reduced the expression of sweet taste perception-related genes, while maternal MT treatment did not reverse it. At weaning, maternal MT treatment generally decreased dopamine- and opioid-related gene expression in the central reward system across both sexes. Notably, this early-life central reward transcriptional suppression persisted into adulthood in males but not in females. Our results indicate that maternal HF diet and MT treatment influence HF diet and low-concentration sucrose preferences in adult offspring in a sex-specific manner, which may be associated with altered gene expression in the central reward system and the peripheral taste perception pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"115540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149228638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Openness to Experience Modulates the Neural Dynamics of Semantic Processing.","authors":"Bing Li, Chih-Mao Huang, Qiduo Lin, Hsu-Wen Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Personality fundamentally shapes language processing, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Openness to Experience (openness), as measured by the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), has been associated with enhanced creativity and engagement with novel semantic information. This study examined how openness modulates neural dynamics of semantic processing using event-related potentials (ERPs) during a semantic category verification task. Participants evaluated category relatedness across four levels of semantic structure, including high typicality (HT), low typicality (LT), related violations (RV), and nonrelated violations (NRV). Neural responses exhibited the expected graded pattern, with N400 amplitudes increasing as semantic relatedness decreased. Critically, higher Openness was associated with greater N400 differentiation between related and nonrelated violations, an effect uniquely predicted by Openness beyond the remaining four personality traits. Follow-up analyses revealed that this differentiation was primarily driven by enhanced N400 responses to nonrelated violations rather than by reduced responses to related violations. This pattern is inconsistent with a simple facilitation account in which higher Openness uniformly eases semantic processing. Instead, it suggests that Openness is associated with heightened sensitivity to semantic mismatch or more sustained semantic evaluation when incoming information is incompatible with an activated context. Behavioral performance was comparable across participants; the observed neural differences were not accompanied by detectable differences in task success. Together, these findings establish that Openness is systematically related to variation in the neural dynamics of semantic processing, while highlighting the need to clarify the underlying cognitive mechanisms and contributions of other individual differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"115537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent Fasting as a Therapeutic Strategy in Alzheimer's Disease: Understanding of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Modulation.","authors":"Dnyaneshwar Shrirame, Amol Tatode, Dhiraj Dabhade, Jayshree Taksande, Brijesh Taksande, Omkar Kakade, Milind Umekar","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, and it causes cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. The pharmacological treatment is of limited effectiveness, therefore the interest in novel approaches such as intermittent fasting (IF). IF, a nutritional regimen of periodic caloric restriction, has shown a potential to modulate neurodegenerative alterations by metabolic and molecular mechanisms. This review presents the implications of IF in the etiopathogenesis of AD, specifically in controlling brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF is a major neurotrophin that plays a key role in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival, and cognition. Evidence indicates that BDNF is drastically decreased in AD, therefore enhancing disease progression. IF enhances BDNF expression via mechanisms such as improved mitochondrial function, increased ketone body production, and reduced systemic inflammation. Preclinical studies indicate that IF not only upregulates BDNF but also alleviates key AD pathologies, including Aβ deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Additionally, clinical data highlight the cognitive benefits of IF and its role in modulating metabolic health, although studies specifically linking IF, BDNF and AD in humans remain limited. This review underscores the need for further research to determine optimal IF protocols and clarify its long-term impact on AD progression. IF's ability to modulate BDNF and other neuroprotective pathways positions it as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for AD management. By bridging metabolic health and neuroprotection, IF offers potential therapeutic synergy for mitigating AD's complex etiopathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"115522"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appetite Responses Over 24-h Before and After 12-Weeks of Resistance Exercise in Older Male Adults: Secondary data analysis of a randomised trial.","authors":"C Griffen, D Renshaw, J Hattersley, M O Weickert, M Duncan, D R Broom","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115512","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite resistance exercise (RE) being a key component of landmark recommendations for weight control, there is still a paucity of data on the effects of RE on appetite. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 12-weeks of RE on appetite.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-three older men (67±4 years; BMI: 25.4±2.4 kg/m²) were included in this secondary pooled data analysis of a 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-arm parallel group trial. In the present analysis, RE (2x/week at 80% 1RM; n=17) and no exercise (NE; continue habitual physical activity; n=16) groups were pooled and compared to one another. Appetite profile was measured over 24 h inside a metabolic chamber at baseline and post 12-weeks using visual analogue scales (VAS). Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated using the trapezoidal method. Significance was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant group-by-time (p≥0.08) or group-by-time-by-time point (p≥0.10) differences occurred between groups for VAS hunger, satiety, fullness, prospective food consumption, or composite appetite score. Similarly, no significant differences were observed for 24-h VAS AUC for hunger (p=0.35), satiety (p=0.58), fullness (p=0.41), prospective food consumption (p=0.21), or composite appetite score (p=0.40).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The present study found no statistical effect on appetite following 12-weeks of RE in older adult males. RE should continue to be undertaken throughout the life course and be included as part of physical activity recommendations for optimal health in old age due to the many physical, mental health and functional benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"115512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149070011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rimonabant reveals reward- and anxiety-related behavioral effects of N-arachidonoyl dopamine (N-ADA) in mice.","authors":"Oliver A Colis-Arenas, Katya Ch Navarro-Montellano, Carlos H López-Lariz, Ricardo Romero-Guevara, Bruno A Marichal Cancino","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endovanilloid N-arachidonoyl dopamine (N-ADA) is a lipid mediator associated with nociception and inflammation, but its effects on reward and anxiety remain unclear. We examined the behavioral impact of subacute N-ADA pre-exposure on conditioned place preference (CPP) and anxiety-like behavior in the circular open-field test (COF), assessed both under basal conditions and after acute CB1 blockade/GPR55 modulation with rimonabant. Male BALB/c mice were pre-exposed for four days to either vehicle (10% ethanol) or N-ADA (0.1 mg/kg). A counterbalanced CPP protocol was then conducted over eight days. Place preference was assessed before and after rimonabant administration (0.1 mg/kg), and anxiety-like behavior was evaluated using the COF following rimonabant. N-ADA exposure alone did not significantly modify place preference compared to baseline (p > 0.05). However, following rimonabant administration, N-ADA-exposed mice displayed a significant increase in preference for the drug-paired compartment (p < 0.05) and increased anxiety-like behavior in the COF (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that prior exposure to N-ADA can influence reward- and anxiety-related behaviors specifically under conditions of CB1 blockade/GPR55 modulation. The results support the modulatory role of N-ADA on reward- and anxiety-related behaviors at the dose tested, indicating an interaction with endocannabinoid signaling (or other rimonabant-sensitive mechanisms).</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"115470"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148721388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-weaning social isolation increases reward-seeking behavior in mice","authors":"Michael Noback,&nbsp;Zehra A. Husaini,&nbsp;Thomas van Kralingen,&nbsp;Anum Afzal,&nbsp;Ye Li,&nbsp;James C. Barrow,&nbsp;Gregory V. Carr","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115437","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social isolation is a growing public health concern. Although isolation at any age is harmful, previous studies have shown that isolation during adolescence, correlating with critical periods of brain development, can impair cognitive function and increase the risk for psychiatric illness later in life. In this study, we utilized a mouse model of social isolation (SI) during adolescence (postnatal day 21-35) and compared performance of isolated and group-housed mice on a touchscreen-based continuous performance test (rCPT) and fixed ratio/progressive ratio (FR/PR) tasks in adulthood. SI improved performance in the rCPT and the improvement in performance was consistent across time bins within the 45-minute testing session. There were no effects of SI on reaction times or reward retrieval latencies. A possible confound for performance in the rCPT would be SI-induced changes in reward-seeking or motivation for the strawberry milk reward. We next compared the SI mice to their group-housed littermate controls on both PR and FR schedules of reinforcement and found that SI mice had higher breakpoints on a PR4 schedule and earned significantly more reinforcers on an FR1 schedule of reinforcement compared to their group-housed littermates, suggesting that high performance in the CPT may be due to increased motivation for food rewards. These data indicate that SI during adolescence has significant effects on reward-seeking behavior in adult mice and may provide a useful behavioral model for studying the link between SI and risk for neuropsychiatric disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"315 ","pages":"Article 115437"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anterior insular cortex neurostimulation concurrently reduces sensory hypersensitivity and affective/emotional disturbances in chronic neuropathic pain.","authors":"Renata Moreira Acunha, Priscila Medeiros, Hélio Rubens Machado, Lourenço Sbragia, Norberto Cysne Coimbra, Sabatino Maione, Renato Leonardo de Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115374","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Chronic neuropathic pain (NP) is frequently accompanied by anxiety- and depression-like behaviors that contribute to functional impairment. The insular cortex plays a central role in pain processing and interoceptive regulation, with the anterior insular cortex (AIC) critically involved in integrating sensory inputs with emotional and behavioral responses. However, whether direct modulation of AIC activity can simultaneously regulate sensory hypersensitivity and pain-related emotional behaviors remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of electrical neurostimulation of the AIC (eAIC) on chronic NP and associated affective disturbances.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve to induce NP or to a Sham procedure. Twenty-one days after surgery, an independent group of animals received a single session of electrical AIC neurostimulation delivered via stereotaxically implanted electrodes using low-frequency deep brain stimulation parameters (20 μA, 100 Hz, 15 s). Mechanical and cold allodynia, as well as anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, were subsequently evaluated using established behavioral paradigms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electrical neurostimulation of the AIC significantly attenuated mechanical and cold allodynia in CCI rats. In parallel, eAIC reduced anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors without altering general locomotor activity. These effects were selectively observed in neuropathic animals and were not detected in Sham-operated controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate that AIC activity regulates both sensory hypersensitivity and pain-related emotional behaviors in chronic NP. By showing concurrent modulation of nociceptive and affective dimensions, this study provides physiological evidence supporting the AIC as a key cortical node linking pain processing to emotional behavior and underscoring its relevance for integrative neuromodulatory strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"115374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147932668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxytocin and direct reciprocity in rats","authors":"Tristan Tanchanco,&nbsp;Ruth I. Wood","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cooperation is an important dimension of social behavior in humans and animals. Reciprocal altruism provides an evolutionary basis for cooperation between unrelated organisms, but the neuroendocrine mechanisms driving these behaviors are not fully understood. The present study tested an operant model of direct reciprocity in male and female rats. Direct reciprocity is a sequential 2 × 2 game where rats alternate as Donor and Recipient to deliver and receive 1 sugar pellet (respectively) in repeated trials. Rats were tested in same-sex pairs, and we determined the effects of oxytocin (OT) and its antagonist (OTR-A) on cooperative responses. There was no baseline sex difference in cooperation (females: 25.2 ± 3.8%; males: 20.7 ± 3.1%), and pretreatment with OT (0.05–2 mg/kg) had no effect on the likelihood of the Donor to respond on behalf of their cagemate Recipient. In a similar manner, there was no difference in cooperation when rats were paired with an unfamiliar partner (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). However, OTR-A had a sex-specific effect to reduce cooperative responses in females (to 11.1 ± 2.2%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), and increase the likelihood of defection after their partner defected (from 80.2 ± 4.1% to 87.8 ± 2.3%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). These findings align with recent studies suggesting that OT enhances reward valuation, and has broad effects on decision-making circuitry in the brain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 115263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146143080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circadian clock genes Per1/Per2 deficiency induces premature age-related motor function decline in mice","authors":"Yimei Fan ,&nbsp;Hui Luo ,&nbsp;Nana Zheng ,&nbsp;Longyan Li ,&nbsp;Jihui Zhang ,&nbsp;Biao Li ,&nbsp;Hongliang Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2026.115245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The circadian clock genes <em>Per1</em> and <em>Per2</em> play a crucial role in regulating circadian rhythms. However, the consequences of their deficiency on motor function and age-related behavioral changes remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the age-dependent effects of <em>Per1/Per2</em> double knockout (DKO) on motor function in mice. Using wheel-running assays under a 12-hour light/12-hour dark cycle, we compared circadian entrainment between 2-month-old and 9-month-old DKO and wild-type (WT) mice. Motor function was assessed via the pole test and rotarod test, while exploratory behavior was evaluated using the open field test. We further analyzed the main and interaction effects of genotype and age on both circadian and motor parameters. Results showed that <em>Per1/Per2</em> DKO markedly disrupted light-entrained behavioral rhythms in both age groups. While DKO mice aged from showing no motor deficits at 2 months to pronounced declines in balance and exploration by 9 months. Interaction analysis revealed a significant main effect of <em>Per1/Per2</em> deficiency on balance and coordination, whereas age alone had no significant effect. Both factors affected exploration, with the genetic effect worsening with age. Notably, severe circadian disruption was present in young mice before motor deficits appeared. In conclusion, <em>Per1/Per2</em> deficiency exacerbates age-related motor decline. Our finding that circadian disruption precedes motor deficits demonstrates that these clock genes are indispensable for preserving motor function and behavioral organization during aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 115245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}