Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Repeated balance exercise promotes cholinergic neuroprotection of the pedunculopontine nucleus in a progressive model of Parkinson's disease","authors":"Thassya F.O. dos Santos ,&nbsp;João E.C. Melo ,&nbsp;Heitor F. Santos ,&nbsp;José L.S. Souza ,&nbsp;Edson de R. Santos ,&nbsp;Maria C.S. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;José M.M. Bispo ,&nbsp;Katty A.A.L. Medeiros ,&nbsp;Lívia C.R.F. Lins ,&nbsp;Edenia C. Menezes ,&nbsp;Auderlan M. de Gois ,&nbsp;Regina H. Silva ,&nbsp;Alessandra M. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;José R. dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vestibular rehabilitation (VR) is a therapeutic approach that minimizes the impacts of balance alterations by enhancing the central vestibular compensation mechanism. The present study investigates the effect of repeated balance exercises on the central vestibular compensation mechanism in a reserpine-induced progressive model of parkinsonism in aged rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to three cohort experiments: Exp 1: repeated balance exercises (narrow beam test) – performed every 48 h during 20 days; Exp 2: balance exercises performed on the 0^th and 8^th days; Exp 3: balance exercises performed only on the 0^th and 20^th days. For each experiment, the animals were divided into two groups (n = 7 per group): CTL (vehicle) and RES (reserpine 0.1 mg/kg). The animals received 4 (exp. 2) or 10 (exp 1 and 3) s.c. injections (0.1 mg/kg), one every 48 h. The cohorts were evaluated using catalepsy and open field tests (0^th, 8^th and 20^th days). After completion of behavioral tests, the brains were analyzed for immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). The RES group presented motor deficits in the catalepsy and open field tests on day 20, but not on day 8. There was no decrease in the number of TH neurons and terminals in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal striatum (DS) for animals from Exp. 2. However, a decrease was observed in the SNpc, VTA and striatum of animals from Exp 1 and Exp 3. In the balance beam test, the animals in the RES group showed a longer crossing time from day 8 to day 14 (Exp 1), on the 8^th day (Exp 2) and on the 20^th day (Exp. 3). This finding was correlated with a decrease in the number of ChAT immunoreactive cells in the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPN) for the animals that performed the dynamic balance test only once (Exp. 2 and 3), but no reduction was observed in the animals that performed the test repeatedly (Epx. 1). Thus, it was possible to verify that repeated exposure of the animals to balance assessment tasks potentiated the performance of the central vestibular compensation mechanism in the animal model of parkinsonism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between autonomic nervous function and brain functions such as memory and attention","authors":"Sakura Tatsumi ,&nbsp;Daisuke Kuratsune ,&nbsp;Hirohiko Kuratsune","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between autonomic nervous function (ANF) and cognitive abilities, such as memory and attention, using the Kana pick-out test (KPT). The participants were 11 female college students aged 21 years old. Each participant completed the KPT ten times, during which their ANF was assessed via heart rate variability analysis. During the KPT, participants circled Japanese vowels in a 400-character story written in hiragana. We measured attention using the KPT score and assessed memory using a memory score based on ten descriptive questions about the story. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between higher KPT and memory scores, indicating a link between memory and attention. The parasympathetic sinus modulation marker, high-frequency component power (HF), decreased during the kana-picking task (Interval B) and recovered during the subsequent content verification task (Interval C). In Interval A (before the kana-picking task), the HF showed a positive correlation with both the KPT and memory scores. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between HF and memory scores during interval B. Other autonomic nervous indices, including low-frequency component power (LF), total power (TP), and LF/HF ratio, also showed significant correlations with KPT and memory scores. Our findings strongly suggest that ANF is intricately connected to cognitive functions, such as memory and attention. This indicates that monitoring ANF could provide a novel methodology for assessing learning and occupational efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of music mood and binaural beats on academic advertising.","authors":"Fatih Baha Omeroglu, Yueqing Li, Victor Zaloom, James Curry, Alberto Marquez","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How music affects our mood, cognition, and feelings has been studied extensively. Since the effect of music on mood and cognition has been demonstrated many times, it has found significant applications, particularly in advertising. In recent years, the use of music in advertising has grown significantly, with 86 % of advertisements now incorporating some form of musical stimuli. Our study specifically analyzed the effect of music mood in advertising while introducing the new concept of binaural beats. Conducted in a lab setting, the study incorporated biometric measures such as electroencephalography (EEG) and eye-tracking to enhance the research. The results revealed that calming music combined with binaural beats led to the highest levels of information retention and engagement, as indicated by increased left frontal beta power, relative theta power, and area of interest (AOI) dwell time percentages. Left frontal beta power is associated with increased attention and cognitive engagement, while relative theta power is linked to enhanced memory encoding and relaxation. The area of interest (AOI) dwell time percentages reflects the time participants focused on key areas of the advertisement, indicating higher attention levels. Although the study found unique connections between music mood and binaural beats, calming music with binaural beats produced the most favorable conditions for attention and memory retention. These findings provide valuable guidelines for future marketing strategies, particularly in academic advertising.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142506399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise intensity of virtual reality exergaming modulates the responses to executive function and affective response in sedentary young adults: A randomized, controlled crossover feasibility study.","authors":"Qian Gu, Jie Mao, Jinhai Sun, Wei-Peng Teo","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual reality (VR) exergaming is a novel strategy to encourage physical activity and boost emotional well-being. However, its effects on executive function (EF) are not fully understood. This study assessed the immediate and retention effects of immersive VR exergaming, at varying exercise intensities, on EF and affect among sedentary college students. Thirty participants (mean age = 22.2±2.5 years; 18 females) underwent 15-minute sessions of moderate-intensity (MI), high-intensity (HI), and active-control intensity (AC) VR exergaming in a counterbalanced order. EF was evaluated using the Flanker, Task-switching, and N-back tasks before, immediately after, and 30 minutes post-intervention. Emotional valence and arousal were measured by the Feeling Scale and Felt Arousal Scale, respectively. Inverse efficiency score (IES) results indicated that inhibitory control was higher following both MI and HI exergaming compared to AC (p < 0.05), with improvements sustained for 30 minutes. HI VR exergaming showed the greatest improvement (p = 0.048). Both HI and MI also exhibited higher working memory capacity than AC (p < 0.05), with HI performing better (p = 0.039). No significant differences in task-switching performance were observed among the groups (p > 0.05). Emotional valence and arousal were significantly elevated immediately after and sustained for 30 minutes following MI and HI exergaming (p < 0.05). This study demonstrates the cognitive and affective benefits of MI and HI VR exergaming in young adults, with HI VR exergaming showing longer-lasting improvements. These findings suggest that immersive VR exergaming can enhance both physical and cognitive health, potentially improving academic performance and daily functionality in collegiate populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into individual differences in response to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) in rats with respect to hippocampal BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels","authors":"Nastaran Talaee ,&nbsp;Mehrnaz Azad Yekta ,&nbsp;Salar Vaseghi","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preclinical and clinical studies have shown a wide-range of individual differences in response to stressors or novel environments which can affect the susceptibility to develop abnormal behaviors and neuropsychiatric disorders. Both vulnerability and resiliency have been observed in animals and humans experiencing stressful events. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) is a rodent depression model consisting of various stressors. This protocol leads to depressive- and anhedonic-like behaviors in rodents. The present study aimed to evaluate potential individual differences in response to CUMS in rats, with respect to the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glycogen synthase kinases 3-beta (GSK3-β) (proteins involved in the modulation of mood, neuroplasticity, and cognition) in the hippocampus. CUMS was performed for four consecutive weeks. Depressive-like behavior, locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and pain threshold were also evaluated using forced swim test (FST), open field test (OFT), and the hot plate (HP), respectively. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels. The results showed that CUMS rats can be classified as two clusters: affected and non-affected (depressed and non-depressed). Affected rats showed depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, decreased locomotor activity, and increased pain threshold. However, non-affected rats were similar to controls. In addition, there was a downregulation of BDNF and upregulation of GSK3-β in affected rats. Spearman correlation analysis also showed a relationship between BDNF and GSK3-β expression levels with individual differences. In conclusion, the present study showed that BDNF and GSK3-β may be involved in individual differences in CUMS rats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of age and proprioceptive illusion susceptibility on gait","authors":"Amy Morris ,&nbsp;Corinne Masegian ,&nbsp;Angela Zhang ,&nbsp;Madelyn Carrillo ,&nbsp;Brian Székely ,&nbsp;Nicholas G. Murray ,&nbsp;Fang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Age-related gait decline has been associated with impaired proprioception, one's internal awareness of spatial location and movement. Although impaired proprioception has further been linked to greater susceptibility to proprioceptive illusions, it is unclear the impact such susceptibility has on gait and its interaction with age. The purpose of this study was to address these uncertainties.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We measured proprioceptive illusions induced by muscle spindle manipulation and gait in young and older adults. We also compared illusory measures with traditionally used joint position matching to examine if illusory susceptibility can reveal proprioceptive impairments.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found no effect of age on proprioceptive illusion susceptibility or joint position matching error. Compared to non-perceivers, illusion perceivers across both age groups showed greater joint matching error, suggesting reduced proprioceptive acuity. Consistent with previous studies, older adults had reduced cadence, gait velocity, and step length compared to young adults in both single- and dual-task walking. Interestingly, illusion perceivers, regardless of age, showed reduced cadence and step width compared to non-perceivers.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our results suggest that gait impairments observed in those who perceive these proprioceptive illusions are age-independent, potentially rooted in deteriorated proprioception.</div></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><div>This is the first study to examine these relations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nedl1 knockout impaired the learning and memory of mice","authors":"Qian Lu ,&nbsp;Meng-Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Shu-Fang Guo ,&nbsp;Ling-Qiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang-Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Ping Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Protein ubiquitination is a common post-translational modification involved in protein degradation and various life processes in cells. NEDL1 is a ubiquitin ligase that is highly expressed primarily in the brain. However, the functions of NEDL1 in social approach/novelty preference, anxiety, learning and memory remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>Nedl1</em> knockout mice (<em>Nedl1^−/−</em>) and wild-type mice (<em>Nedl1^+/+</em>) were tested using three-chamber test, elevated plus maze, and Barnes maze. Then, brain tissue was stained, and blood was collected for metabolic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with <em>Nedl1^+/+</em> mice, <em>Nedl1^−/−</em> mice showed no differences in social approach/novelty preference and anxiety behavior. <em>Nedl1^−/−</em> mice displayed impaired learning and memory. <em>Nedl1</em> knockout did not affect the number of neurons and oligodendrocytes in the hippocampus. Astrocytes proliferated in the hippocampus of <em>Nedl1^−/−</em> mice. The amino acid metabolism of <em>Nedl1^+/+</em>and <em>Nedl1^−/−</em> mice is different, especially the increase in proline and tryptophan.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study showed that <em>Nedl1</em> knockout impaired learning and memory, which may be related to astrocyte proliferation and amino acid metabolism change. <em>Nedl1</em> knockout did not affect social style/novelty preference and anxiety behavior in mice. The preliminary study of NEDL1 in neurobehavioral function could help understand the role of NEDL1 in the nervous system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Running-based food aversion learning in freely-fed and hydrated rats: Daily monitoring of running-induced nausea by measuring kaolin clay ingestion","authors":"Sadahiko Nakajima","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The main objective of this research was to demonstrate food aversion learning in rats with unrestricted access to food and water, using wheel running as the unconditioned stimulus. Experiment 1 showed that the target-running paired training group consumed a statistically smaller amount of the target food (tteok rice cakes) compared to the target/running unpaired control group, but the decrease in consumption over days in the paired group was not fully supported by a statistical test. Experiment 2a improved the methodology by familiarizing rats with tteok before training, which resulted in both a statistically significant group effect and a statistically significant daily decrease in tteok consumption. Experiment 2b demonstrated that tteok aversion could be reacquired after an extinction phase. These experiments indicate that running-based tteok aversion in non-deprived rats is a valid example of Pavlovian conditioning and suggest that wheel running can cause similar effects in unrestricted rats as observed in food- or water-restricted rats. Additionally, daily measurements of kaolin clay ingestion suggested that wheel running induced nausea in the rats of these experiments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does gaming keep subjects awake?: Subjective and objective sleep parameters following gaming in comparison to a passive control","authors":"Kristina Klier ,&nbsp;André Alesi ,&nbsp;Benedict Herhaus ,&nbsp;Marius Keller ,&nbsp;Jochen Hardt ,&nbsp;Klara Brixius ,&nbsp;Ingo Froböse ,&nbsp;Matthias Wagner ,&nbsp;Katja Petrowski","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Gaming is a global phenomenon often associated with impaired health and sleep patterns. Although the research activities are growing, the evidence to date is rare due to the various gaming titles and inconsistent study designs. Thus, this study aimed to examine the impact of excessive gaming in the evening on subjective as well as objective sleep parameters by focusing on specific game titles and assessing several evenings/nights using a mixed-methods approach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 33 experienced young male adults (23.00 ± 3.53 years old, ranked players in League of Legends or Counter-Strike: Global Offensive) took part. The individuals’ sleep parameters were assessed via diary and actigraphy. In randomized order, one week apart and for a duration of 120 min each, two study evenings were spent gaming, while the other two evenings were spent without digital media and gaming, but instead watching a nature documentary.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant difference between the conditions were found (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05) in either the sleep duration nor the sleep quality. Daytime sleepiness was significantly increased after watching the documentary movie, when compared to gaming (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results indicate that, one the one hand, the gaming activity leads to higher arousal and alertness as it requires concentration and dedication. On the other hand, this impact seems only short-term and does not necessarily affect sleep patterns. Future studies are needed to gain deeper insights, especially regarding the long-term health effects of gaming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to 'Deep learning dives: Predicting anxiety in Zebrafish through novel tank assay analysis' Physiology & Behavior (2024), 114696.","authors":"Anagha Muralidharan, Amrutha Swaminathan, Alwin Poulose","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abstract.</p>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142472852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}