Physiology & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"The neurological effects of acute physical exhaustion on inhibitory function","authors":"Shanguang Zhao ,&nbsp;Khaoula Ait-Belaid ,&nbsp;Yanqing Shen ,&nbsp;Ke Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We aimed to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the inhibitory function performance of maritime Search and Rescue (SAR) personnel in states of physical exhaustion.</p></div><div><h3>Background</h3><p>SAR missions pose serious challenges to the cognitive function of SAR personnel, especially in extreme environments and physical exhaustion. It is important to understand SAR personnel's cognitive performance and neural activity under exhaustion to improve the efficiency of task execution and ensure work safety.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Twenty-six maritime SAR personnel were recruited to simulate boat operations until they reached a self-imposed state of exhaustion. The exhaustion state was monitored by maximum heart rate and subjective fatigue scale. Two event-related potentials, N200 and P300, were measured during a Go-Nogo task before and after a session of acute exhaustive tasks.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After exhaustion, a marked reduction in accuracy, a notable increase in N200 amplitude, and a substantial decline in P300 amplitude under the Nogo condition were observed compared to the baseline phase. Pre- and post-exhaustion comparisons using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography revealed reduced activations in the right middle temporal gyrus's N200 component after exhaustion in SAR personnel during the Nogo condition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggest that acute physical exhaustion significantly impacts the inhibition ability of SAR personnel, prolonging the conflict monitoring phase and weakening the response inhibition phase. These findings provide valuable insights into how physical exhaustion affects cognitive functions critical to the safety and effectiveness of SAR operations, and can inform strategies to improve training and equipment to enhance performance under extreme conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938424001860/pdfft?md5=52350a335a3962ed9ff46dc4da943bec&pid=1-s2.0-S0031938424001860-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141634299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The distribution of neurotransmitters in the brain circuitry: Mesolimbic pathway and addiction","authors":"Mohammad Navid Ebrahimi ,&nbsp;Mohammad Banazadeh ,&nbsp;Zahra Alitaneh ,&nbsp;Ali Jaafari Suha ,&nbsp;Ali Esmaeili ,&nbsp;Behnam Hasannejad-Asl ,&nbsp;Ali Siahposht-Khachaki ,&nbsp;Amin Hassanshahi ,&nbsp;Saeid Bagheri-Mohammadi","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the central nervous system (CNS) circuitry and its different neurotransmitters that underlie reward is essential to improve treatment for many common health issues, such as addiction. Here, we concentrate on understanding how the mesolimbic circuitry and neurotransmitters are organized and function, and how drug exposure affects synaptic and structural changes in this circuitry. While the role of some reward circuits, like the cerebral dopamine (DA)/glutamate (Glu)/gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic pathways, in drug reward, is well known, new research using molecular-based methods has shown functional alterations throughout the reward circuitry that contribute to various aspects of addiction, including craving and relapse. A new understanding of the fundamental connections between brain regions as well as the molecular alterations within these particular microcircuits, such as neurotrophic factor and molecular signaling or distinct receptor function, that underlie synaptic and structural plasticity evoked by drugs of abuse has been made possible by the ability to observe and manipulate neuronal activity within specific cell types and circuits. It is exciting that these discoveries from preclinical animal research are now being applied in the clinic, where therapies for human drug dependence, such as deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation, are being tested. Therefore, this chapter seeks to summarize the current understanding of the important brain regions (especially, mesolimbic circuitry) and neurotransmitters implicated in drug-related behaviors and the molecular mechanisms that contribute to altered connectivity between these areas, with the postulation that increased knowledge of the plasticity within the drug reward circuit will lead to new and improved treatments for addiction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141616988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent treadmill exercise enhances hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and improves cognition in autism-modeled rats","authors":"Cole King ,&nbsp;Liza G. Rogers ,&nbsp;Jeremy Jansen ,&nbsp;Bhavana Sivayokan ,&nbsp;Jenna Neyhard ,&nbsp;Ellie Warnes ,&nbsp;Stephanie E. Hall ,&nbsp;Bethany Plakke","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive behaviors and altered communication abilities. Exercise is a low-cost intervention that could improve cognitive function and improve brain plasticity mechanisms. Here, the valproic acid (VPA) model was utilized to induce ASD-like phenotypes in rodents. Animals were exercised on a treadmill and performance was evaluated on a cognitive flexibility task. Biomarkers related to exercise and plasticity regulation were quantified from the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and skeletal muscle. Exercised VPA animals had higher levels of hippocampal BDNF compared to sedentary VPA animals and upregulated antioxidant enzyme expression in skeletal muscle. Cognitive improvements were demonstrated in both sexes, but in different domains of cognitive flexibility. This research demonstrates the benefits of exercise and provides evidence that molecular responses to exercise occur in both the central nervous system and in the periphery. These results suggest that improving regulation of BDNF via exercise, even at low intensity, could provide better synaptic regulation and cognitive benefits for individuals with ASD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141617036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPA activity mediates the link between trait impulsivity and boredom","authors":"James M. Clay ,&nbsp;Juan I. Badariotti ,&nbsp;Nikita Kozhushko ,&nbsp;Matthew O. Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Boredom, a complex emotional state with implications for mental health and well-being, has garnered attention across disciplines, yet remains relatively understudied in psychiatric research. Here, we explored the intricate relationship between trait-impulsivity, stress, and boredom across two studies. Participants completed self-report measures of trait-impulsivity and boredom and boredom-inducing tasks. Study 1, involving 80 participants (42 women and 38 men, aged 20–63), replicates previous findings, by demonstrating that impulsive individuals report greater boredom following a boring task. Study 2 then extends this, using 20 participants (9 women and 12 men, aged 18–24), to show that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity, specifically heightened salivary cortisol responses, mediate the link between impulsivity and boredom following a boring task. Collectively, these results demonstrate that HPA axis activity may underline the relationship between trait-impulsivity and boredom by extending previous work and offering a novel insight into potential mechanisms. These findings offer promise for personalised interventions, designed for high impulsivity individuals, to alleviate the negative impacts of boredom and potentially break the identified feedback loop.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938424001823/pdfft?md5=a2272992207df05de34388b6a8eb3751&pid=1-s2.0-S0031938424001823-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141601353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High plasticity of temperament as a marker of flexible autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in urgent adaptive response to cold in young people","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The properties of temperament are due to differences in the excitability of brain systems that integrate the behavior of an individual, his emotions and autonomic functions and play an important role in the adaptation of the body to the environment. The mechanisms of the relationship between individual characteristics of temperament properties and regulation of the cardiovascular system have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study to assess the relationship between expression of temperament traits and the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in the baseline condition and in response to exposure to cold. The study involved 25 healthy male volunteers aged between 18 and 21 years. Temperament traits were measured using the Structure of Temperament Questionnaire. During the study, heart rate variability (HRV) parameters (5 min), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were recorded at room temperature. In the period from 5 to 10 min of exposure in an UShZ-25 N cold chamber (–20 °C), HRV were assessed. Immediately after the subjects came out from the cold chamber, blood pressure was measured. Then, 5 min after they left the cold chamber, SBP, DBP, HRV were recorded. The results showed that in young people with different expressions of temperamental properties, no differences were found in the regulation of heart rhythm by the autonomic nervous system in the baseline condition. The high object-related plasticity, i.e. the ease of switching from one type of activity to another, linked with autonomic flexibility and blood pressure control, which restrains a significant increase in blood pressure when exposed to short-term cold, and contributes to the preservation of health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141564137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of multiple cognitive workload levels of an exergame on dorsal attention network connectivity at the source level","authors":"Usman Ghani ,&nbsp;Imran Niazi ,&nbsp;Nada Signal ,&nbsp;Nitika Kumari ,&nbsp;Imran Amjad ,&nbsp;Heidi Haavik ,&nbsp;Denise Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates how adding a cognitive task on a balance board (exergame) affects connectivity in the dorsal attention network (DAN) during an exergame task. Healthy young adults performed a soccer ball-moving task by tilting a balance board with their feet while their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography (EEG). In this exergame, the speed of obstacles in front of the goal manipulated the cognitive workload. Higher speed means a higher cognitive workload. The study found significant changes in functional connectivity within DAN regions, specifically in the alpha band. During the shift from easy to medium cognitive task, we observed a significant increase in connectivity (<em>p</em>= 0.0436) between the right inferior temporal (ITG R) and the Left middle temporal (MTG L). During the transition from easy to hard cognitive tasks, strengthened interactions (<em>p</em>= 0.0324) between inferior temporal (ITG) and parsopercularis (pOPPER) were found. This suggests that the proposed balanceboard-based exergame enhances the functionality of specific brain regions, such as ITG and MTG regions, and improves connectivity in the frontal cortex. We also found a correlation between brain activity and performance data, highlighting that increased cognitive workload resulted in decreased performance and heightened frontal alpha activity. These findings align with research suggesting that adding cognitive games to physical activity-based tasks in rehabilitation programs can boost brain activity, resulting in improved decision-making and visual processing skills. This information can help clinicians tailor rehabilitation methods that target specific brain regions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of behavioral performance by alpha-band phase synchronization in working memory","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Working memory (WM) is a cognitive system with limited capacity that can temporarily store and process information. The purpose of this study was to investigate functional connectivity based on phase synchronization during WM and its relationship with the behavioral response. In this regard, we recorded EEG/Eye tracking data of seventeen healthy subjects while performing a memory-guided saccade (MGS) task with two different positions (near eccentricity and far eccentricity). We computed saccade error as memory performance and measured functional connectivity using Phase Locking Value (PLV) in the alpha frequency band (8–12 Hz). The results showed that PLV is negatively correlated with saccade error. Our finding indicated that during the maintenance period, PLV between the frontal and visual area in trials with low saccade error increased significantly compared to trials with high saccade error. Furthermore, we observed a significant difference between PLV for near and far conditions in the delay period. The results suggest that PLV in memory maintenance, in addition to predicting saccade error as behavioral performance, can be related to the coding of spatial information in WM.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141545165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanilla odor promotes oral feeding in premature infants-A randomized controlled trial: Correspondence","authors":"Rajendra Prasad Anne ,&nbsp;Krishanu Sabyasachi Mukhopadhyay","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114625","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141538486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of virtual reality motion sickness based on EEG using asymmetry of entropy and cross-frequency coupling","authors":"Chengcheng Hua ,&nbsp;Lining Chai ,&nbsp;Zhanfeng Zhou ,&nbsp;Jianlong Tao ,&nbsp;Ying Yan ,&nbsp;Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Jia Liu ,&nbsp;Rongrong Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The existence of Virtual Reality Motion Sickness (VRMS) is a key factor restricting the further development of the VR industry, and the premise to solve this problem is to be able to accurately and effectively detect its occurrence. In view of the current lack of high-accuracy and effective detection methods, this paper proposes a VRMS detection method based on entropy asymmetry and cross-frequency coupling value asymmetry of EEG. First of all, the EEG of the four selected pairs of electrodes on the bilateral brain are subjected to Multivariate Variational Mode Decomposition (MVMD) respectively, and three types of entropy values on the low-frequency and high-frequency components are calculated, namely approximate entropy, fuzzy entropy and permutation entropy, as well as three types of phase-amplitude coupling features between the low-frequency and high-frequency components, namely the mean value, standard deviation and correlation coefficient; Secondly, the difference of the entropies and the cross-frequency coupling features between the left electrodes and the right electrodes are calculated; Finally, the final feature set are selected via <em>t</em>-test and fed into the SVM for classification, thus realizing the automatic detection of VRMS. The results show that the three classification indexes under this method, i.e., accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, reach 99.5 %, 99.3 % and 99.7 %, respectively, and the value of the area under the ROC curve reached 1, which proves that this method can be an effective indicator for detecting the occurrence of VRMS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical perturbation of Agtr1a-containing neurons and afferents within the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract modulates sodium intake","authors":"Caitlin Baumer-Harrison ,&nbsp;Sagar Patel ,&nbsp;Karen A. Scott ,&nbsp;Eric G. Krause ,&nbsp;Annette D. de Kloet","doi":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Angiotensin-II (Ang-II) production is driven by deviations in blood volume and osmolality, and serves the role of regulating blood pressure and fluid intake to maintain cardiovascular and hydromineral homeostasis. These actions are mediated by Ang-II acting on its type 1a receptor (AT1aR) within the central nervous system and periphery. Of relevance, AT1aR are expressed on sensory afferents responsible for conveying cardiovascular information to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). We have previously determined that optical excitation of neurons and vagal afferents within the NTS that express AT1aR (referred to as NTS^AT1aR) mimics the perception of increased vascular stretch and induces compensatory responses to restore blood pressure. Here, we test whether NTS^AT1aR are also involved in the modulation of water and sodium intake. We directed the light-sensitive excitatory channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) or inhibitory halorhodopsin (Halo) to <em>Agtr1a</em>-containing neurons and measured water and sodium chloride (NaCl) intake in the presence and absence of optical stimulation within the NTS during various challenges to fluid homeostasis. Optical perturbation of NTS^AT1aR modulates NaCl intake, such that excitation attenuates, whereas inhibition increases intake. This effect is only observed in the water-deprived condition, suggesting that NTS^AT1aR are involved in the regulation of sodium intake during an imbalance in both the intracellular and extracellular fluid compartments. Furthermore, optical excitation of NTS^AT1aR increases c-Fos expression within oxytocinergic neurons of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), indicating that the regulation of sodium intake by NTS^AT1aR may be mediated by oxytocin. Collectively, these results reveal that NTS^AT1aR are sufficient and necessary to modulate sodium intake relative to perceived changes in vascular stretch.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20201,"journal":{"name":"Physiology & Behavior","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031938424001690/pdfft?md5=a9f374f32a9b97f9c43d10a7c401ca5c&pid=1-s2.0-S0031938424001690-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}