Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"In vitro photodynamic therapy of Candida albicans, the cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, is enhanced by Bacillus and Enterococcus probiotics","authors":"Zeinab Ghanbari,&nbsp;Ali Makhdoumi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Candida albicans</em> is the primary cause of vulvovaginal candidiasis, a worldwide health concern for women. The use of supplemental methods, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and probiotics, was promoted by the ineffectiveness of the existing antifungal drugs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study examines the combined effects of probiotics (<em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> isolated from the fermented pickles) and PDT (using red laser (655 nm, 18 J/cm²) as a light source and methylene blue dye (30 mg/mL) as a photosensitizer) on the <em>in vitro</em> virulence activity of <em>C. albicans</em> including growth, biofilm formation, antifungal resistance, biofilm elimination, and biofilm dispersion.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The probiotic strains demonstrated a higher resistance to PDT compared to the fungal cell. <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> enhanced the antifungal effects of PDT on planktonic <em>Candida</em> cells in both pre-PDT and post-PDT interactions. The inhibition of biofilm formation by PDT was improved upon interaction with <em>Bacillus</em> (70 %) and <em>Enterococcus</em> (58 %). The eradication of <em>Candida</em> biofilm using PDT was increased after a combination with <em>Bacillus</em> (67 %) and <em>Enterococcus</em> (46 %). The nystatin resistance of the fungal biofilm following PDT treatment was decreased from (µg/ml) 25 to 6.25 due to the interaction with both probiotic strains. Fungal cell dispersion from the biofilm after PDT treatment diminished by 18 % and 25 % in the presence of <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> strains. <em>Galleria mellonella</em> mortality was significantly changed following the PDT of the fungi/probiotic-injected larvae.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This synergistic activity suggests the use of probiotics/PDT as a supplemental treatment for vulvovaginal candidiasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104483"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of platelet-rich fibrin and photobiomodulation on bone regeneration in MC3T3-E1 Preosteoblasts","authors":"Ling-Hung Chou ,&nbsp;Tzu-Sen Yang ,&nbsp;Pei-Chun Wong ,&nbsp;Ying-Chun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and Photobiomodulation (PBM) are established methods for promoting bone healing. PRF enhances cell proliferation and migration due to its rich concentration of growth factors, while PBM stimulates tissue repair through mitochondrial activation. Despite their efficacies, no in-depth studies have explored the synergistic effects of combining PRF and PBM.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>PRF was prepared at 50 % and 100 % concentrations, and PBM was applied using an 830 nm near-infrared laser at a dose of 5 J/cm². Cell viability, migration, and calcium deposition were assessed over seven and fourteen days.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The combination of PRF and PBM significantly improved cell viability, migration, and calcium deposition, with the most notable effects observed after seven and fourteen days. However, a slight decrease in calcium deposition was noted in the 100 % PRF combined with the PBM group, suggesting a potential feedback mechanism at higher PRF concentrations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study explores the synergistic effects of PRF and PBM, offering new insights into optimizing bone tissue engineering strategies. The findings highlight the potential of this combined approach in enhancing bone regeneration, although further research is needed to refine the optimal conditions for these therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in refractory genital lichen sclerosus","authors":"Weiwei Shi ,&nbsp;Fang Wang ,&nbsp;Liangliang Chen ,&nbsp;Ruzhi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Genital lichen sclerosus (GLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the genital and anal areas. Treatment of refractory remains a challenge in clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (5-ALA PDT) for refractory GLS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-five patients with histopathologically confirmed GLS (including 32 females and 3 males) were treated with 5-ALA PDT. Lesion pretreatment was performed to enhance photosensitizer penetration, and fluorescence diagnosis was used for precise point-to-point treatment. Efficacy and safety were systematically evaluated by assessing treatment outcomes, symptom improvement, side effects and maintenance of efficacy over a 6-month follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After treatment, most patients experienced significant relief of pruritus, improved skin elasticity and color, and reduced lesion area. After 6 treatment sessions, 11 patients (31.43 %) achieved complete resolution of pruritus, with 3 patients (8.57 %) achieving complete remission after 3 sessions. Cattaneo scores decreased significantly after treatment and during follow-up (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Adverse reactions were mainly mild pain, which could be relieved by ice compression or oral analgesics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>5-ALA PDT shows significant efficacy and good safety for refractory GLS, improving the clinical symptoms and signs of patients, and warrants wider clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming breast cancer cell treatment resistance by optimizing sonodynamic therapy and radiation sensitizers on lncRNA PVT1 and miR-1204 expression","authors":"Ali Neshastehriz ,&nbsp;Zeinab Hormozi-Moghaddam ,&nbsp;Zahra Abedi Kichi ,&nbsp;Seyedeh Mona Taheri ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Amini ,&nbsp;Amir Aghaei","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acoustic cavitation is a foundational mechanism in ultrasound therapy, primarily through inertial cavitation resulting from microbubble collapse. Sonodynamic therapy, with inertial acoustic cavitation threshold and low-dose radiation in the presence of sensitizers, may provide significant effects for cancer treatment, potentially overcoming resistance encountered with single therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MCF7 breast cancer cells were subjected to sonodynamic therapy either alone or combined with ionizing radiation, gold nanoparticles coated with apigenin, and methylene blue. Several parameters were evaluated, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and colonization. Additionally, the investigation included assessing the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) PTV1 with miRNA1204 and related genes using Real-Time PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sonodynamic therapy at a mechanical index of 0.31 as acoustic cavitation threshold increased intracellular ROS. Combining sonodynamic therapy and 2 Gy X-ray radiation with methylene blue and gold nanoparticles coated with apigenin significantly decreased plating efficiency (4.44±1.69), and survival fraction (2.75±1.98) compared with control (Ctrl.) (98.77±4.49) and (97.59± 2.94), respectively. This was associated with a marked increase in ROS with a mean fluorescence intensity of 20,576.2 ± 4.6 (&gt;4.5 times). The combined treatment also increased p53 expression and decreased the expression of PVT1, miR-1204, and related genes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sonodynamic therapy in inertial acoustic cavitation threshold, combined with ionizing radiation in the presence of biocompatible nanoparticles, could enhance the therapeutic effects on the miR-1204, derived from lncRNA PVT1, that functions as an oncogenic microRNA in breast cancer. This approach has the potential to overcome treatment resistance encountered with single therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the benefit of sequential 5-fluorouracil and daylight photodynamic therapy versus daylight photodynamic therapy alone sustained over time? – 12-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Stine Regin Wiegell ,&nbsp;Gabriella Fredman ,&nbsp;Flemming Andersen ,&nbsp;Peter Bjerring ,&nbsp;Uwe Paasch ,&nbsp;Merete Haedersdal","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Since recurrences and new AKs commonly are observed after treatment long-term effects of field-directed therapies for AKs are crucial. Thus, we evaluated the 6- and 12-month efficacy and satisfaction of sequential topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and daylight PDT (dPDT) with dPDT alone.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomized intra-individual study patients with multiple AKs in the face and scalp were treated with 4 % 5-fluorouracil cream twice daily for 7 days on one side of the scalp/face, followed by dPDT on both sides. Lesion clearance rate, lesion recurrence rate and number of new lesions were evaluated at 6- and 12-month after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>58/60 completed 6-month and 55/60 completed 12-month follow-up. Pre-treatment with topical 5-FU improved the long-term efficacy of dPDT, especially for moderately thick AKs, with a lesion clearance of 72 % at 12-month compared to 48 % after dPDT alone (<em>p</em> = 0.017). The recurrence rate at 12-month was 15 % for combination treatment and 20 % for dPDT alone (0.042). Most patients were highly satisfied with both treatments.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Sequential treatment with short-term topical 5-FU followed by dPDT maintained a higher complete lesion clearance than dPDT alone at both 6- and 12-month follow-ups, with fewer new AKs developing after combination therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of anatomical and functional success in canalicular laceration repair using anterior segment optical coherence tomography and dacryoscintigraphy","authors":"Çisil Erkan Pota ,&nbsp;Özge Ekin Geçer Şerifoğlu ,&nbsp;Aslı Çetinkaya Yaprak ,&nbsp;Hatice Deniz İlhan ,&nbsp;Adil Boz","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104443","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104443","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To assess the anatomical and functional outcomes in patients who underwent surgery for canalicular laceration and did not experience significant epiphora, and to compare these outcomes with contralateral uninjured eye.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Dacryoscintigraphy, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT), MUNK scores, and a satisfaction questionnaire were administered to 24 patients who had canalicular laceration repair without significant epiphora and had a minimum of 6 months of follow-up. Tear meniscus height (TMH), depth (TMD), and area (TMA) were measured using anterior segment OCT and compared with the values in the uninjured eye.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Sixteen patients (67 %) had lower, 7 (29 %) had upper canaliculus, and one (4 %) had lacerations in both canaliculi. Five patients (20.83 %) had concomitant orbital fractures, and three patients (12.5 %) underwent additional repair for corneoscleral laceration. Bicanalicular silicone tube intubation was performed in one patient, while Mini-Monoka stent intubation was used for all other patients. The mean follow-up period was 41 ± 22.3 months, and the mean interval between trauma and surgery was 30.2 ± 29 h. The mean duration until tube removal was 3 ± 2.54 months. The MUNK score was 1 in eight patients (33 %) and 0 in sixteen patients (67 %). Canalicular lacerations occurred due to home accidents in 8 patients, work accidents in 4, assaults in 5, and traffic accidents in 7.</div><div>Dacryoscintigraphy showed drainage of tracer into the nasal cavity in dynamic imaging for 12 patients. Five patients had retention in the sac, four had prolonged and reduced drainage, one had reduced drainage, and two showed no drainage in the first and second hour images. In the operated eye, the mean tear meniscus height (TMH) was 279.6 µm, depth (TMD) was 215 µm, and area (TMA) was 28.9 µm². In the healthy eye, the mean TMH was 221.5 µm, TMD was 152.5 µm, and TMA was 15.3 µm². The anterior segment OCT values for the affected eye were statistically significantly higher than those for the healthy eye (<em>p</em> = 0.044 for TMH, <em>p</em> = 0.003 for TMD, <em>p</em> = 0.006 for TMA). TMD and TMA were statistically significantly higher in patients with a MUNK score of 1 (<em>p</em> = 0.019 for TMD, <em>p</em> = 0.05 for TMA). Abnormal dacryoscintigraphy results were more common in patients with globe injuries requiring additional surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although patients did not report epiphora after canalicular laceration repair, our observations indicated potential functional and anatomical differences in dacryoscintigraphy and anterior segment OCT compared to their healthy eyes. We believe that close follow-up is crucial to identify and address any issues that may arise in the future following surgery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104443"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa persister cells and biofilms","authors":"Mona Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Peter Richter ,&nbsp;Philipp Arnold ,&nbsp;Michael Lebert ,&nbsp;Andreas Burkovski","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104456","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104456","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> is a hard-to-treat human pathogen for which new antimicrobial agents are urgently needed. <em>P. aeruginosa</em> is known for forming biofilms, a complex aggregate of bacteria embedded in a self-generated protective matrix that enhance its resistance to antibiotics and the immune system. Within the biofilm, persister cells, sub-populations of slow-growing or growth-arrested cells, are associated with recalcitrance of infections and antibiotic treatment failure. Here, we investigate the influence of the anionic photosensitiser chlorophyllin (CHL)<span><span>¹</span></span> exposed to red light alone and in combination with an activator of the mechanosensitive channels butylparaben (BP) on <em>P. aeruginosa</em> growing cells, persister cells, and biofilms. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the broth microdilution checkerboard method. Serine hydroxamate (SHX) was used for the induction of persister cells. Under illumination, a combination of CHL (250 µg/ml) and BP (97.12 µg/ml) reduced the number of growing cells and persister cells by <span><math><mrow><mn>2.2</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.46</mn></mrow></math></span> log₁₀ and <span><math><mrow><mn>1.7</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.15</mn></mrow></math></span> log₁₀, respectively after 30 min of exposure at 79 J/cm². A higher concentration of BP (194.23 µg/ml) or longer exposure time (60 min at 158 J/cm²) effectively eliminated approximately ≥99.99 % of growing and persister cells. Visual evidence from confocal and TEM images illustrates the influence of CHL and red light, which intensifies when combined with BP. Nevertheless, the addition of BP did not enhance the efficacy of CHL against biofilms; CHL (500 µg/ml) reduced biofilm viability by 2.6 log₁₀ at 791 J/cm². No toxicity has been observed in darkness. This study highlights the potential antimicrobial effect of CHL against <em>P. aeruginosa</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104456"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment of rosacea by trephination combined with photodynamic therapy: A case report","authors":"YunMi Qiu,&nbsp;Ping Yang,&nbsp;Xingyun Zhao,&nbsp;Yingzhi Luo,&nbsp;Liming Wu,&nbsp;Jianbo Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rosacea is a chronic, inflammatory dermatological condition primarily affecting the central face, including the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead [1]. It presents with erythema, phymatous changes, papules, pustules, and telangiectasia. The pathogenesis of rosacea is still unknown. Patients often suffer from multiple symptoms of rosacea, requiring more precise assessments and individualized therapies [2]. 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has shown promise as a safe and effective treatment for rosacea [3], especially in patients with multiple subtypes. We report a successful treatment involving a 46-year-old male patient with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea and phymatous changes using trephination combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT), improving quality of life without recurrence during the 9-month follow-up period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative for the treatment of penile verrucous carcinoma: A case report","authors":"Runqun Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Xiang ,&nbsp;Yanliang Li ,&nbsp;Guozhang Ma ,&nbsp;Junhong Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Verrucous carcinoma, a well-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma with low-grade malignancy, is often associated with localized human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and excessive penile foreskin. We report a 45-year-old male who presented with a verrucous plaque on the glans penis for over four months, along with itching. Examination revealed a verrucous, erosive lesion with a cauliflower-like surface, firm texture, and irregular shape, accompanied by pain, bleeding, and a foul odor. Syphilis and HIV tests were negative, and a biopsy confirmed verrucous carcinoma.The patient underwent initial circumcision at a local hospital, but persistent lesions raised concerns about further surgery impairing sexual function and anatomical integrity. To preserve both anatomical and functional integrity, the patient opted for Hematoporphyrin Derivative-Photodynamic Therapy (HpD-PDT). Post-treatment, the lesions regressed, and after four years of follow-up, there was no scarring or recurrence. The clinical outcome was favorable with complete lesion regression.We propose that PDT is a viable treatment option for penile verrucous carcinoma, offering advantages over traditional methods in terms of function preservation and cosmetic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodiagnosis of diabetic eye disease—The Beichen Eye Study","authors":"Carly Sin Ki Yeung ,&nbsp;Sunny Chi Lik Au","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104451"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}