Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Long-term outcome of photodynamic therapy with hexyl aminolevulinate, 5-aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion and methyl aminolevulinate for low-risk Basal Cell Carcinomas","authors":"M. Salmivuori ,&nbsp;M. Grönroos ,&nbsp;T. Tani ,&nbsp;J. Räsänen ,&nbsp;E. Snellman ,&nbsp;N. Neittaanmäki","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Non-surgical treatments are cost-effective options for low-risk basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) i.e. superficial or small nodular BCCs located outside the high-risk locations. Hexyl aminolevulinate (HAL) and 5-aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion (BF-200 ALA) with enhanced penetration depth enables the use of lower concentrations compared to methylaminolevulinate (MAL) in photodynamic therapy (PDT). We have previously reported comparable short-term efficacies for MAL 16 %, BF-200 ALA 7.8 % and HAL 2 % in PDT of low-risk BCC, and here we report the long-term results.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>The goal of this trial was to compare long-term outcomes of HAL and BF-200 ALA, compared to MAL in PDT of low-risk BCCs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ninety-eight histologically verified low-risk BCCs on the trunk or extremities were included and randomized into three arms to receive PDT in two sessions with MAL, BF-200 ALA or HAL. A blinded dermatologist assessed the response, cosmetic outcome, and obtained biopsies for histological verification at three months, one year and five years. Histologically verified non-responsive lesions were excised. Patients’ satisfaction with the treatment was also queried.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>According to intention-to-treat (ITT) analyses, the cumulative response rate at one year was 90.6 % for MAL, 81.3 % for BF-200 ALA, and 75.8 % for HAL, and correspondingly at five years 71.9 %, 54.6 % and 60.6 %. There were no statistically significant differences between interventions and comparator. The overall cumulative response rate for PDT was 82.5 % at one year and 62.2 % at five, and 48.6 % of the treatment failures were recorded at five years. The recurrent lesions were excised as second line treatment. No aggressive subtypes were reported, with only superficial or nodular growth in the final histopathological report. There were no significant differences in cosmetic outcome or patient satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This trial shows that HAL has potential for dermatological PDT. However, the long-term efficacy of PDT in the treatment of low-risk BCCs remains rather low.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104432"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of combined methylene blue photodynamic therapy and doxorubicin treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line: In vitro study on apoptosis","authors":"Shayan Momeni Goujani (Dentist) ,&nbsp;Maryam Koopaie ,&nbsp;Fateme Hamta Safarian (Dentist) ,&nbsp;Neda Hakimiha ,&nbsp;Shima Younespour","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common malignancy of the head and neck region. Combination therapy potentially enhances the effectiveness beyond that of each treatment alone. This study aimed to assess whether photodynamic therapy (PDT), using methylene blue as a photosensitizer in conjunction with doxorubicin, produces synergistic effects on the apoptosis of the oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell line.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The human oral epidermal carcinoma cell line (KB cell line, NCBI Code: C152) was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium. Following at least 24 hours of incubation, the OSCC cells were distributed into six groups, with groups 1–3 and 5 performed in the dark to prevent any light interference. 1: control group; 2: treated with 3.2 μg/mL methylene blue; 3: exposed to various concentrations of doxorubicin; 4: PDT group (methylene blue + 660 nm light); 5: treated with both doxorubicin and methylene blue; and finally, 6: treated with PDT (methylene blue + 660 nm light) in conjunction with doxorubicin. Flow cytometry methods were used to assess apoptosis. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare quantitative variables between groups, and Tukey's test was applied for pairwise group comparisons.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Flow cytometry analysis revealed that the highest level of cellular apoptosis occurred in the group treated with PDT in conjunction with doxorubicin.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PDT using the photosensitizer methylene blue, in combination with doxorubicin, can serve as an effective agent for inducing apoptosis in OSCC cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposal and operational evaluation of a device for external and internal photodynamic therapy treatments","authors":"Enrique Navarrete de Gálvez ,&nbsp;Pablo Fonda Pascual ,&nbsp;José Aguilera Arjona ,&nbsp;José Ramón de Andrés Díaz ,&nbsp;María Navarrete de Gálvez ,&nbsp;Shiran Perera Mohamed ,&nbsp;María Victoria de Gálvez Aranda","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) light sources must match their emission spectrum with the absorption spectrum of the photosensitizer, provide precise treatment definition, deliver adequate irradiance, avoid thermal damage, and minimize treatment duration. Additionally, they should be adaptable to different photosensitizers, easy to manipulate, and cost-effective.</div><div>Current LED sources are difficult to customize, rigid, and primarily designed for broad-area treatments. For localized treatments, laser technology is commonly employed.</div><div>We propose a customizable and programmable LED-based device that not only meets these specifications but also addresses the limitations of current LED sources for localized treatments. It allows for the connection of a fiber optic terminal for internal treatments and can be fitted with light-diffusing devices capable of treating lesions externally or penetrating them internally. This device is an enhanced version of a previously developed source that has demonstrated efficacy in several pilot studies of photodynamic therapy.</div><div>The proposed equipment shows significant potential for both medical and research applications, enabling the configuration of emission spectra on demand and the establishment of tailored treatment protocols based on the type of lesion being treated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104440"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of local minocycline hydrochloride delivery and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as adjuncts to mechanical debridement for the treatment of peri‑implant mucositis: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Abdulrahman M. AlMubarak","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim was to compare the efficacy of local minocycline hydrochloride delivery (LMHD) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as adjuncts to mechanical debridement (MD) for the treatment of peri‑implant mucositis (PM).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Patients with PM were included. The following information was retrieved from patients’ digital dental records: (a) age, (b) gender, (c) duration of implants in function, (d) number of implants, (e) depth of implant placement, and (f) mode of prosthesis retention. Information related to daily toothbrushing and flossing of interproximal spaces and the most recent visit to an oral healthcare provider was also recorded. Participants were randomly divided into three groups as follows: (a) MD + LMHD; (b) MD + aPDT, and (c) MD alone. Peri-implant modified plaque index (mPI), modified gingival index (mGI) and probing depth (PD) were measured at baseline and at 45 days follow-up. Peri-implant crestal bone levels were measured at baseline. Group comparisons were done using One-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni <em>post-hoc</em> adjustment tests. The correlation between peri‑implant clinical parameters and age, gender, and duration of implants in function was assessed using linear regression analysis. Level of significance was set at <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Twenty-two and 22 patients underwent MD with adjunct LMDH and aPDT, respectively. Twenty-two participants underwent MD alone. There was no difference in the mean ages of all individuals. At baseline, there was no difference in mPI, mGI and PD in all groups. At follow-up, mPI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), mGI (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) and PD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) were higher among patients who underwent MD alone than individuals who received LMHD or aPDT as adjuncts to MD. There was no difference in mPI, mGI, and PD among individuals who underwent LMHD and aPDT as adjuvants to MD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>In the short term, MD with adjunct LMHD or aPDT is effective for managing PM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ALA-PDT on the murine footpad model of Fonsecaea monophora infection and its related mechanisms in vivo","authors":"Xuelin Wu ,&nbsp;Wenyi Chen ,&nbsp;Muhammad Danish Yaqoob ,&nbsp;Kangxing Liu ,&nbsp;Yanqing Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Lu ,&nbsp;Yongxuan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>:</em> 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) has received growing attention for treating chromoblastomycosis (CBM) and has shown efficacy in a handful of clinical case reports. However, there is insufficient information regarding the effects of ALA-PDT on <em>Fonsecaea monophora</em> in mouse infection model and the related mechanisms. This study investigated these issues <em>in vivo</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div><em>:</em> A <em>F. monophora</em> infection mouse model inoculated in footpads was used. Changes in the footpad volume, tissue fungal burden, and histopathological characteristics were investigated to determine the efficacy of ALA-PDT. Scavenger receptor MARCO (Macrophage receptor with collagenous structure) was further evaluated at the gene and protein levels. Serum cytokines TNF-α, GM-CSF, IL-4, and IL-10 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to indicate changes in the immune microenvironment after PDT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>:</em> ALA-PDT reduced infected footpad volume, fungal burden, and pathological inflammatory infiltration <em>in vivo</em>. It also increased the expression of <em>Marco</em> in the murine infection model. Furthermore, PDT upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 while downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and GM-CSF in mouse serum.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div><em>:</em> ALA-PDT demonstrated fungicidal effects in a mouse footpad infection model with <em>F. monophora</em> and attenuated the inflammatory reactions. It may also assist against the intracellular fungi by the host through macrophage receptor MARCO and regulation of the immune microenvironment. This study provides scientific evidence for the protocol selection of ALA-PDT as a promising adjunctive modality for treating chromoblastomycosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"51 ","pages":"Article 104452"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142879433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy sequential dose-reduction concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced obstructive esophageal carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis","authors":"Ming Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhenhua Sun ,&nbsp;Gang Qiu ,&nbsp;Hualin Wei ,&nbsp;Baoshuan Fang ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Juan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104509","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104509","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dysphagia is a major symptom in esophageal carcinoma (EC) patients. photodynamic therapy (PDT) was approved for palliative treatment of patients with obstructive EC. Although it can remove the obstruction quickly, PDT may be difficult to achieve eradication alone. Thus, we aimed to assess whether photodynamic therapy sequential Dose-Reduction concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) can be an effective and safe approach for locally advanced obstructive EC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 121 patients with locally advanced obstructive EC who treated with radical CCRT (conventional treatment) and PDT sequential dose-reduction CCRT (combined treatment). A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to balance potential bias. The improvement of dysphagia and overall survival (OS) was analyzed as the primary endpoint. Progression-free survival (PFS), local control, nutritional improvement and toxicities were analyzed as secondary endpoints.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After PSM, 15 pairs of patients were selected for final analysis. Although the data failed to identify discrepancy in the remission rate of dysphagia between the two groups (73.3 % VS 93.3 %, <em>P</em> = 0.33), the degree of dysphagia relief deviated significantly (2.13 ± 0.52 VS 2.47 ± 0.52, <em>P</em> = 0.005). The onset of dysphagia remission was earlier in the combined treatment group than in the conventional treatment group (17.29 ± 9.29 days VS 33.73 ± 6.77 days, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The median OS of conventional treatment group and combined treatment group were 21.10 months (95 %CI 10.24∼31.96) and 36.67 months (95 %CI 21.54∼51.80), respectively (<em>P</em> = 0.048). The median PFS were 14.30 months (95 %CI 7.79∼20.81) and 31.23 months (95 %CI 13.68∼47.78), respectively (<em>P</em> = 0.039). The rates of 1-year, 2-year and 3-year OS of conventional treatment and combined treatment group were 60 %, 33.3 %, 20 % and 86.7 %, 66.7 %, 41.5 %, respectively. The rates of 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year PFS of the two groups were 53.3 %, 26.7 %, 13.3 % and 73.3 %, 53.3 %, 38.1 %, respectively. The improvement of nutritional status in combined treatment group was better than that in conventional treatment group. The grade 3 toxicity rate was 46.7 %, and no grade 4 or more toxicity was observed in all patients. The addition of PDT did not increase the risk of toxic reactions compared with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Photodynamic therapy sequential dose-reduction concurrent chemoradiotherapy can rapidly relieve dysphagia symptoms in patients with locally advanced obstructive EC. Compared with radical CCRT, it does not increase the incidence of treatment-related adverse reactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 104509"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic therapy combined with palliative resection and secondary healing for periocular basal cell carcinoma with inadequate surgical margins","authors":"Xiaoqing Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianhang Li ,&nbsp;Yahui Feng ,&nbsp;Li Ma ,&nbsp;Dongmei Li ,&nbsp;Yeqiang Song ,&nbsp;Dongmei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Periocular basal cell carcinoma (pBCC) is the most common malignancy in the periocular region, characterized by local aggressiveness, high incidence, and significant recurrence rates. While surgery is the primary treatment option, achieving complete lesion removal can be challenging due to the sensitive anatomy of this area and associated cosmetic considerations. Recent advancements in photodynamic therapy (PDT) have demonstrated promising efficacy and cosmetic outcomes for superficial BCC, offering alternatives to traditional treatments. However, PDT's effectiveness is often limited by the penetration depth of photosensitizers, particularly for deep tumors. To address these challenges, we developed a regimen that combines palliative surgery with immediate PDT for pBCC cases with inadequate or positive surgical margins. This integrated approach aims to overcome the penetration limitations of PDT while enhancing tumor clearance and preserving cosmetic outcomes. We report on three cases where all patients achieved complete clinical remission, with satisfactory cosmetic results and no recurrence observed during follow-up periods ranging from 12 to 23 months. Our findings suggest that palliative surgical resection, in conjunction with PDT, represents an effective treatment strategy for pBCC. This approach is particularly valuable when standard surgical margins cannot be achieved, especially considering the importance of cosmetic healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 104500"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of the macular and optic nerve head microvasculature in amblyopic and non-amblyopic patients with constant exotropia in comparison to healthy controls","authors":"Vahideh Manouchehri ,&nbsp;Amir Eftekhari Milani ,&nbsp;Raheleh Chegini ,&nbsp;Amin Arasteh","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the retinal microvascular changes in strabismic amblyopia and compare them to the strabismic cases without amblyopia and controls.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Cross-sectional study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Three groups of patients, including 25 amblyopic cases with exotropia (XT), 25 constant XT cases without amblyopia, and 25 healthy subjects as controls, are included in the study. Both eyes of the included participants are evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>All the patients underwent a thorough ophthalmic examination, BCVA assessment, and macular and optic nerve head OCTA with the AngioVue™ Imaging System.</div></div><div><h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3><div>The vascular density (VD) of various layers (Deep and superficial capillary plexus (DCP and SCP) in different regions of the macula, optic nerve head, and FAZ area were evaluated as the target variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>42 females and 33 males with a mean age of 32.2 (95%CI:29.8-34.6) entered our study. The median exotropia in both groups was 35 PD. The parafoveal DCP VD was significantly lower in both eyes of amblyopic cases than in controls (53.56 and 52.31 vs. 56.13%, p:0.021, &lt;0.001). The parafoveal SCP VD was only lower in the dominant eye of the amblyopic cases than in the controls (50.53 vs. 53.54%, p:0.002). The foveal and peripapillary VD showed no significant difference between the groups. The FAZ area was significantly larger in amblyopic eyes than the fellow eyes (0.250 vs. 0.194 mm², p:0.025) and correlated with worse BCVA (Correlation Coefficient: 0.358, p: 0.011).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The amblyopia could be accompanied by a lower parafoveal DCP VD and a larger FAZ area in strabismic amblyopia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 104506"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis: A potential point-of-care approach for chronic kidney disease screening","authors":"Kamonchanok Tangwanichgapong ,&nbsp;Poramaporn Klanrit ,&nbsp;Patutong Chatchawal ,&nbsp;Molin Wongwattanakul ,&nbsp;Cholatip Pongskul ,&nbsp;Rajda Chaichit ,&nbsp;Doosadee Hormdee","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its terminal stage, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), raises the importance of an accurate, early, and point-of-care method to diagnose and monitor patients. Saliva is a potential point-of-care diagnostic biofluid for its simple collection and ability to reflect systemic health status. This study investigated salivary spectral signatures in ESRD patients and their diagnostic potential compared to healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Saliva samples were collected from 24 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis and 24 age/sex-matched healthy controls. The dried saliva samples were analyzed using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in the 4000–400 cm⁻¹ range. Chemometric analyses, including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), were applied to preprocessed spectra to identify discriminatory spectral features and establish classification models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Second derivative spectroscopic analysis of ATR-FTIR spectra revealed distinctive spectral patterns in dried ESRD saliva samples, including characteristic peak shifts observed in both the amide I secondary structures (from 1636 cm^-1 in controls to 1629 cm^-1 in ESRD) and carbohydrate (from 1037 cm^-1 in controls to 1042 cm^-1 in ESRD) regions. PCA demonstrated clear clustering patterns across key biological spectral regions, including the lipid CH stretching region (3000–2800 cm⁻¹), the fingerprint region (1800–900 cm⁻¹), and their combination (3000–2800 cm⁻¹ + 1800–900 cm⁻¹). PLS models based on the fingerprint region achieved optimal diagnostic performance (87.5–100 % accuracy, 75–100 % sensitivity, and 100 % specificity). Biochemical markers associated with ESRD revealed variations in lipids, protein, sugar moieties, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, reflecting the underlying pathological changes in CKD, with the most prominent band at ∼1405 cm^-1.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ATR-FTIR analysis of dried saliva demonstrated potential as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for ESRD. This approach could complement existing diagnostic methods, particularly in resource-limited settings or for frequent monitoring requirements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 104502"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of repeated low-level red-light therapy on axial length, refraction, and macular retinal blood flow density in adolescents with mild to moderate myopia","authors":"Meifeng Ji ,&nbsp;Teer Ba ,&nbsp;Huixia Li ,&nbsp;Dongxue Wang ,&nbsp;Guisen Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In order to evaluate the effectiveness of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy on stabilizing axial elongation and refractive changes in adolescents with mild to moderate myopia. In addition, we also examined whether RLRL therapy affects retinal blood flow density in the macular region, a factor previously unstudied in this context.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Conducted at a single clinical site, this retrospective, single-arm study followed participants over six months, with assessments at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months. The primary outcomes included axial length and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) changes. Secondary assessments included retinal blood flow density (superficial and deep macular layers), white-to-white corneal diameter, central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal curvature, light sensitivity, and peripheral retinal thickness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were 32 enrolled participants (mean age = 11.5 ± 1.72) in the current study. The spherical equivalent (SER) remained relatively stable over the first three months, but it significantly improved at six months, changing from -2.39 ± 2.21 D at baseline to -2.01 ± 2.12 D (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). However, the axial length also showed minimal variation across follow-up visits, indicating stable eye growth with no substantial elongation throughout the study period. Furthermore, RLRL therapy resulted in stable measurements across primary and secondary outcomes (all <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05), with no significant changes over the six months. There were no obvious side effects following the treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low-energy red light therapy shows promise as a non-invasive approach for stabilizing myopia in adolescents, with no observed compromise to retinal blood flow density. Further longitudinal research is needed to validate these findings and support clinical recommendations for myopia management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"52 ","pages":"Article 104499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}