Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Deep-targeted photodynamic therapy: A patented drug delivery system for total urethral condylomata acuminata","authors":"Junpeng Li ,&nbsp;Jing Shen ,&nbsp;Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Shujiao Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Peng ,&nbsp;Yang Yang ,&nbsp;Meinian Xu ,&nbsp;Kang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Treating total urethral condyloma acuminata (CA) remains challenging. Although 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (5-ALA-PDT) is a recommended first-line treatment for mucosal CA, conventional drug delivery fails to cover deep urethral lesions, often leading to recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate a novel self-developed drug delivery system designed to improve deep drug administration for 5-ALA-PDT in total urethral CA, aiming to enhance efficacy and reduce recurrence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The system utilizes a specialized design to deliver 5-ALA to deep urethral areas. A representative case involved a patient with recurrent urethral CA (12 cm from meatus) after multiple laser and traditional PDT treatments. He received eight 5-ALA-PDT sessions with the new system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The system effectively delivered 5-ALA to deep lesions. The patient achieved virological clearance (undetectable HPV DNA) at 6 months, sustained through 8-month follow-up, with significant symptom improvement.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This novel delivery system enables precise 5-ALA administration to deep urethral lesions and latent HPV zones, improving treatment completeness and clinical outcomes for total urethral CA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105306"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of low-level LED red-light therapy on axial elongation in hyperopic children: A bidirectional cohort study","authors":"Ya Li,&nbsp;Chuyu Zhou,&nbsp;Qingyun Ji,&nbsp;Gang Ding,&nbsp;Xiaoli Qi,&nbsp;Xue Li,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Xuehan Qian","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate whether low-level LED red-light therapy promotes axial elongation in hyperopic children.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This bidirectional cohort study included 201 hyperopic children aged 4 -13 years. Participants were divided into two groups: the LED group (n = 51), who received low-level LED red-light therapy, and the spectacle-only comparison group (n = 150). Axial length (AL) was measured at baseline and each follow-up. Longitudinal changes in AL were analyzed using a linear mixed-effects model (LMM). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed as a sensitivity analysis to minimize potential confounding. In a subgroup of 40 anisometropic children who received unilateral LED treatment, interocular comparisons between treated and fellow eyes were conducted using paired <em>t</em>-tests, and within-subject LMM analyses to assess eye-specific treatment effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The LED group showed a significantly faster rate of axial elongation than the comparison group (interaction β=+0.082 mm/year, 95% CI: 0.042 to 0.122; p &lt; 0.001). In the anisometropic subgroup, treated eyes elongated significantly faster than fellow eyes (mean difference = +0.167 mm/year, 95% CI: 0.109–0.226; p &lt; 0.001), leading to a reduction in interocular axial length disparity. LMM confirmed a greater time-dependent increase in treated eyes (β = +0.151 mm/year, 95% CI: 0.102–0.199; p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Low-level LED red-light therapy significantly accelerates axial elongation in hyperopic children and reduces interocular differences in anisometropic cases, suggesting that it may promote more balanced binocular refractive development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105341"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined fluorescein sodium and intraoperative ultrasound enhance resection and functional outcomes in high-grade glioma surgery","authors":"Xin Tian ,&nbsp;Boyu Sun ,&nbsp;Hongbo Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Hao ,&nbsp;Guozhu Sun ,&nbsp;Jinmin Hao ,&nbsp;Ling Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of combining fluorescein sodium with intraoperative ultrasound (ioUS) for microsurgical resection of high-grade gliomas (HGGs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 228 patients with HGG were grouped based on the surgical approach: 122 underwent fluorescein sodium + ioUS-guided resection, whereas single-centre 106 received conventional microsurgery (control). Outcomes included gross total resection (GTR) rates, tumour recurrence at 3–6 months, postoperative Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores, intraoperative haemorrhage value and operation time, length of hospital stay and complications.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The fluorescein sodium + ioUS group achieved significantly higher GTR rates (91.0 %¦vs 74.5 %; P &lt; 0.001) and lower recurrence rates at both 3 months (4.1 %¦vs 12.3 %; P = 0.027) and 6 months (9.0 %¦vs 23.6 %; P = 0.002) than the control group. Functional recovery (the KPS) improved more substantially in the fluorescein sodium + ioUS group at 1 month (85.9 vs 77.6; P &lt; 0.001) and 6 months (90.9 vs 82.5; P &lt; 0.001) postoperatively. Intraoperative haemorrhage (255.9 vs 338.5 mL), operation time (2.6 vs 3.4 h) and hospital stay (14.8 vs 20.4 days) were significantly reduced (P &lt; 0.001 for all) in the fluorescein sodium + ioUS group compared with the control group. Complication rates did not differ significantly between the groups (P = 0.104).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This retrospective study suggests that the combination of fluorescein sodium and ioUS may improve GTR, reduce early recurrence, enhance functional recovery and optimise surgical efficiency in HGG resection. Prospective studies are warranted to confirm these results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photoactivated quercetin as an inhibitor of Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factor Kgp and biofilms: Validation through in vitro assays, molecular docking, and ADMET profiling","authors":"Maryam Pourhajibagher ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Moeininejad ,&nbsp;Bahman Rahimi Esboei ,&nbsp;Ehsan Kazemi Moghaddam ,&nbsp;Abbas Bahador","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> is a key pathogen in periodontitis, significantly contributing to biofilm formation and immune system evasion through virulence factors such as lysine-specific gingipain (Kgp). Kgp, a protease produced by <em>P. gingivalis</em>, plays a critical role in bacterial pathogenicity by facilitating biofilm development, evading host defenses, and acquiring nutrients through cleavage of host proteins at lysine residues. Traditional treatments, such as mechanical debridement (scaling and root planing), systemic or local antibiotics, and antiseptic mouthwashes, often fail to eliminate pathogens in deep periodontal pockets and may cause antimicrobial resistance and disruption of the microbiota. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using natural photosensitizers like quercetin is emerging as a promising alternative by targeting the virulence factor Kgp to combat <em>P. gingivalis</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>An integrated <em>in silico</em> and <em>in vitro</em> methodology was utilized. The <em>in silico</em> analysis included retrieval, modeling, and validation of the Kgp protein structure (PDB ID: 4RBM), followed by molecular docking with quercetin to evaluate its binding affinity. The ADMET properties of quercetin were assessed to determine its drug-likeness and safety profile. <em>In vitro</em> experiments involved determining the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) of quercetin, the minimum biofilm inhibitory dose (MBID) of diode laser, and the combined efficacy of PDT. Lastly, gene expression of <em>kgp</em> was measured after treatment using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>In silico</em> docking revealed a strong binding affinity between quercetin and Kgp (-7.5 kcal/mol). Quercetin exhibited drug-like characteristics and favorable pharmacokinetic properties. <em>In vitro</em>, quercetin inhibited <em>P. gingivalis</em> biofilms in a dose-dependent manner, with a MBIC of 1000 µg/mL. The diode laser alone significantly reduced biofilms after 8 min of exposure (206.4 J/cm²). PDT using sub-MBIC concentrations of quercetin (as low as 125 µg/mL) combined with sub-MBID light exposure (2 min, 51.6 J/cm²) markedly decreased <em>kgp</em> gene expression by 4.5-fold (P&lt;0.05) without impacting biofilm biomass.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Quercetin-based PDT effectively inhibits <em>P. gingivalis</em> biofilms and downregulates a key virulence gene. Due to its natural origin, safety, and effectiveness, it holds promise as a targeted and biocompatible treatment option for managing periodontal disease. Further <em>in vivo</em> investigations are needed to confirm these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105272"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145476813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic therapy used as an adjunct to endodontic retreatment","authors":"Mariana Souza d'Afonseca ,&nbsp;Carlos Wesley Lopes Brasil da Silva ,&nbsp;Ana Luiza Gonzaga Zonca ,&nbsp;Henrico Badaoui Strazzi-Sahyon ,&nbsp;Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra ,&nbsp;Gustavo Sivieri-Araújo","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105333","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105333","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145835937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoporfin photodynamic therapy affects secretion, uptake, and function of human umbilical vein endothelial cell-derived exosomes via apoptosis and autophagy","authors":"Jingwen Xue ,&nbsp;Huimin Yuan ,&nbsp;Yi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hemoporfin photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) is a safe and effective treatment for port-wine stains (PWS). Exosomes play a crucial role in intercellular communication. However, the involvement of exosomes in the anti-vascular effects of HMME-PDT remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of HMME-PDT on the secretion, uptake, and function of exosomes derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) via apoptosis and autophagy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we identified exosomes by using electron microscopy and western blotting. Subsequently, we evaluated the secretion and uptake of HUVEC-derived exosomes after HMME-PDT using the BCA assay, acetylcholine esterase assay, and exosome uptake assay. Exosomes derived from various HUVEC groups were incubated with the HUVECs. Cell proliferation was measured using the CCK8 assay, and cell apoptosis was determined using the TUNEL assay and western blot analysis. Confocal fluorescence microscopy monitoring of RFP-GFP-LC3 transfected HUVECs and western blot analysis were used to evaluate autophagy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HMME-PDT significantly enhanced both exosome secretion and uptake by HUVECs. We discovered that exosomes isolated from HUVECs after HMME-PDT could transport the photosensitizer, HMME. Moreover, exosomes from HMME-PDT-treated HUVECs significantly inhibited HUVEC proliferation and enhanced both apoptosis and autophagy compared to exosomes from untreated HUVECs. The secretion, uptake, and function of HUVEC-derived exosomes following HMME-PDT were influenced by both apoptosis and autophagy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our study demonstrated that HMME-PDT significantly affects the secretion, uptake, and function of HUVEC-derived exosomes through apoptosis and autophagy. Exosomes derived from HUVECs have been implicated in the interaction network between autophagy and apoptosis following HMME-PDT. These findings suggest a promising strategy for engineering exosomes as photosensitizer delivery platforms to enhance the clinical efficacy of HMME-PDT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105353"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis successfully treated with photodynamic therapy: a case series","authors":"Federica Li Pomi ,&nbsp;Valeria Papaianni ,&nbsp;Marta Vitale ,&nbsp;Fabrizia Cutuli ,&nbsp;Benedetto Randazzo ,&nbsp;Mario Vaccaro ,&nbsp;Francesco Borgia","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a parasitic skin disease caused by Leishmania spp., transmitted through infected sandflies. It manifests with lesions ranging from self-healing papules to chronic ulcerative plaques, depending on the parasite species and host immunity. Current treatments, including systemic antimonials, amphotericin B, miltefosine, and intralesional injections, are limited by systemic toxicity, invasiveness, and prolonged regimens, with additional challenges in children due to pain and poor compliance.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using either conventional (C-PDT) or daylight (DL-PDT) protocols in adult and pediatric patients with CL.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective single-center study was conducted at the Dermatology Unit, University of Messina, Italy (January 2021–January 2025). Nine polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed CL patients (four pediatric, five adult) received three monthly sessions of either C-PDT or DL-PDT with 10% 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS), and local or systemic adverse events were recorded. Clinical and dermoscopic outcomes were evaluated one year after the final session.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Complete lesion clearance was observed in all patients in this cohort, with good cosmetic results and no recurrences. Median VAS scores were 6 for C-PDT and 1 for DL-PDT. Only mild transient erythema occurred, and no systemic adverse events were observed.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Both C-PDT and DL-PDT may represent safe, effective, and well-tolerated alternatives for CL. Their non-invasive nature, minimal discomfort, and good cosmetic outcomes make PDT a potential therapeutic option for pediatric and pain-sensitive patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105346"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in epiretinal macrophage-like cells and associated retinochoroidal changes between multifocal choroiditis and punctate inner choroidopathy observed using widefield optical coherence tomography angiography","authors":"Ruijun Yang,&nbsp;Xiongze Zhang,&nbsp;Miaoling Li,&nbsp;Feng Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the features of epiretinal macrophage-like cells (eMLC) and retinochoroidal parameters in multifocal choroiditis (MFC) and punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) by using widefield optical coherence tomography angiography (WF-OCTA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 16 eyes from 11 patients with MFC, 16 eyes from 13 patients with PIC, and 16 eyes from 16 matched healthy controls. The eMLC was semi-automatically segmented and quantified on en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images, derived from a 3-μm slab on the inner limiting membrane. From the corresponding 24 × 20 mm retina scan area, retinochoroidal parameters were measured using WF-OCTA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eyes with MFC exhibited a significantly greater number and density of eMLC compared with both eyes with PIC and healthy control eyes (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, compared to the PIC eyes, the MFC eyes demonstrated significantly greater thickness of the inner retinal layer, outer retinal layer, total retina, and choroid (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Choroidal structural analysis revealed that both choroidal capillary density (CCD) and choroidal vessel volume (CVV) were also significantly higher in MFC eyes than in PIC and control eyes (all <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in any of the measured retinochoroidal parameters between the PIC and control eyes. While there was no significant difference in retinal thickness of typical lesion between the MFC and PIC groups, the choroidal thickness of typical lesion was markedly greater in patients with MFC (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was identified between eMLC density and RT within the MFC group. A subgroup analysis focusing on disease activity demonstrated that MFC eyes with active leakage on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) had significantly higher eMLC density, inner retinal thickness, total retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and CVV than eyes without FFA leakage (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for all).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The MFC group demonstrated a significantly greater eMLC density, increased retinochoroidal thickness, and higher density of the choroidal vasculature compared to both the PIC and control groups, between which there were no significant differences. These findings indicate that MFC represents a diffuse, full-thickness retinochoroidal inflammatory process, in contrast to the more localized inflammation characteristic of PIC. Besides, the eMLC may serve as a non-invasive indicator for assessing the severity of fluorescein leakage and retinal inflammation in MFC, offering an objective tool for longitudinal monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145812363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compensatory efficacy and bilateral symmetry of ocular residual astigmatism in myopic astigmatism adults","authors":"Weixin Huang ,&nbsp;Mengxia Yuan ,&nbsp;Youming Zhou ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Dongling Gu ,&nbsp;Jinyu Li ,&nbsp;Ruifeng Ji ,&nbsp;Vishal Jhanji ,&nbsp;Riping Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the characteristics of distribution patterns, compensatory efficacy, and bilateral symmetry of ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) across varying degrees of myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study evaluated 2390 eyes of 1195 participants with myopic astigmatism before refractive surgery. Preoperative exams measured total astigmatism (TA) and anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) using cycloplegic refraction and corneal topography. ORA was computed using Alpins Statistical System for Ophthalmic Refractive Surgery Techniques (ASSORT) ORA calculator.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the study population, the incidence rate of ORA was 99.9 %, with ATR astigmatism representing the predominant manifestation (89.4 %). Stratification by myopia severity revealed significantly higher TA and ACA in high myopia versus moderate/low groups (<em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.001</em>), but lower ORA (high: 0.59 ± 0.31 D; moderate: 0.65 ± 0.32 D; low: 0.68 ± 0.31 D; <em>P</em> <em>=</em> <em>0.002</em> high vs. others). Compensatory effects (ORA offsetting ACA) predominated across all groups (82.3–87.8 %, <em>P</em> <em>=</em> <em>0.169</em>), though efficacy decreased with myopia severity (compensation factor: high 0.43 ± 0.25 vs. low 0.60 ± 0.30, <em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.001</em>). Mirror symmetry was superior to direct symmetry for all astigmatic components (<em>P</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.001</em>), with ORA exhibiting the poorest mirror symmetry (16.84± 16.53°), worsening in high myopia (18.65± 16.90°, <em>P</em> <em>=</em> <em>0.006</em>).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study established a hierarchical relationship between ORA and myopia severity. ORA's compensatory effect on ACA attenuated significantly with higher myopia. High myopia patients exhibited lower ORA magnitude and reduced interocular ORA symmetry compared to lower myopia groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145491342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Long-term observation of the quick contrast sensitivity and its influencing factors after SMILE","authors":"Weijung Ten ,&nbsp;Yangyi Huang ,&nbsp;Yiyong Xian ,&nbsp;Yuhao Ye ,&nbsp;Xingtao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study investigates the long-term impact of Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) on quantitative contrast sensitivity (qCSF) and its determinants.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>The research involved 80 eyes (mean spherical equivalent -6.10±1.95 D), including 40 highly myopic eyes. Seven years post-surgery, assessments included manifest refraction, axial length, corneal topography, and qCSF. Tangential curvature difference maps measured decentration and effective optical zone (EOZ). Statistical analysis explored correlations between qCSF metrics and ocular parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>SMILE surgeries were uncomplicated. Safety and efficacy indices were 0.89±0.21 and 1.11±0.11, respectively. Significant correlations existed between cylindrical refraction (CR), residual CR, and qCSF [CR: AULCSF (r=0.061, p=0.010), CSF acuity (r=1.717, p=0.010); residual CR: AULCSF (r=-0.174, p=0.004), CSF acuity (r=-6.271, p&lt;0.001)]. Subgroup analysis showed enhanced contrast sensitivity with lower ablation. Higher initial CR and lower residual CR correlated with superior qCSF. Long-term decentration negatively impacted qCSF in high myopia. EOZ in low-middle myopia differed significantly in qCSF metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SMILE demonstrated excellent 7-year outcomes. In the low-to-moderate myopia group, all eyes (100 %) achieved UDVA of 20/25 or better, and postoperative astigmatism was within ±0.50 D. In the high myopia group, 72.5 % achieved UDVA ≥20/25. Greater preservation of corneal thickness was associated with better postoperative contrast sensitivity and visual quality, whereas residual astigmatism and minor decentration were linked to slightly reduced long-term outcomes</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145703589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}