Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Retinal microvascular alterations in affected and contralateral eyes of individuals with unilateral central retinal artery occlusion","authors":"Jie Gao ,&nbsp;Huiwen Pang ,&nbsp;Weijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Ge ,&nbsp;Maojuan Feng ,&nbsp;Jing Cao ,&nbsp;Tao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate retinal microvascular characteristics in affected and contralateral healthy eyes of patients diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and to determine the presence of subclinical microvascular alterations in the contralateral eye.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>30 patients with unilateral CRAO were enrolled, with affected eyes designated as Group A and contralateral healthy eyes as Group B. An age-matched control group of 30 healthy individuals was included as Group C. All participants underwent assessment of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure measurement, optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and neck ultrasonography. Retinal microvascular parameters, including central retinal thickness (CRT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and vascular density (VD), were measured and statistically analyzed to identify subclinical alterations in contralateral eyes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Central retinal thickness (CRT) was higher in Group A (327.77±35.85 μm) than in Group C (251.17±7.02 μm, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) and lower in Group B (240.30±5.19 μm) than in Group C (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area differed significantly across all groups (A: 0.40±0.017 mm², B: 0.34±0.014 mm², C: 0.31±0.005 mm², <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Superficial capillary plexus vascular density (SCP-VD) was reduced in Group A (40.21 %±2.97 %) compared with Group B (45.78 %±3.16 %) and Group C (46.97 %±2.60 %, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), with no significant difference between Groups B and C. Deep Capillary Plexus (DCP-VD) and Radial Peripapillary Capillary (RPC-VD) densities differed significantly among all groups (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). CRT in Group B demonstrated a correlation with SCP-VD (<em>p</em> = 0.016).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Subclinical microvascular alterations may be present in the contralateral healthy eyes of patients with CRAO, indicating a potential association between CRAO and systemic vascular changes. These findings underscore the importance of early evaluation of both eyes. OCTA serves as a valuable tool for visualizing retinal vascular structures, and supports early detection and management of retinal vascular abnormalities associated with CRAO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145795830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser ablation combined with photodynamic therapy for complex vaginal HSIL after repeat cervical conizations: a case report","authors":"Ziqi Zhang,&nbsp;Dongli Kong,&nbsp;Yi Ding,&nbsp;Min Lu,&nbsp;Chun Gao,&nbsp;Ruqi Chen,&nbsp;Nan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical and vaginal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) are typically managed by excision or ablation. However, surgical excision is restricted in young women. In this case report, complex vaginal HSIL was diagnosed in a 38-year-old woman who previously received two conization treatments of cervical HSIL. The patient underwent two courses of CO₂ laser ablation for cervical and vaginal lesions, followed by two courses of PDT to residual lesions in the vaginal vault. Six months' follow-up revealed pathological cure and HPV clearance. Laser ablation combined with PDT is an effective treatment for patients with concomitant cervical and vaginal HSILs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145440342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of BMI on myopia incidence in Chinese children","authors":"Xueyang Yan ,&nbsp;Liuliu Shi ,&nbsp;Guiwen Si ,&nbsp;Anran Gu ,&nbsp;Yali Fan ,&nbsp;Min Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This research explored the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and myopia in China.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Retrospective cohort study.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study included 9054 participants from Bengbu, China, from the years 2022 to 2024. The data included age, gender, spherical equivalent (SE), weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and the changes in these parameters measured between 2022 and 2024. Regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships between weight, height, BMI, and SE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings showed that the incidence of moderate and high myopia rises with age. Specifically, the measured prevalence rates across different years were: moderate myopia - 10.1% (2022), 10.7% (2023), 20.6% (2024); high myopia - 2.3% (2022), 2.4% (2023), 4.1% (2024). As height, weight, and BMI increase, the ratio of moderate and high myopia rises in 2022 to 2024 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Participants with a height greater than 150 cm, a weight greater than 60 kg, and a BMI greater than 25.0 experienced a 12%, 32%, and 13% increased risk of myopia, respectively (OR 1.12; <em>p</em> = 0.013, OR 1.32; <em>p</em> = 0.028, OR 1.13; <em>p</em> = 0.021). The most significant factors negatively associated with SE were age (<em>B</em> = -0.303 in 2022, -0.312 in 2023, -0.321 in 2024, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and BMI (<em>B</em> = -0.204 in 2022, -0.194 in 2023, -0.291 in 2024, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The change in SE is associated with changes in height and BMI, but not with change in weight (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The incidence of myopia and the severity of the condition in this group of Chinese children did increase annually between 2022 and 2024. Weight, height, and BMI are associated with the occurrence of myopia. Changes in height and BMI correlate with alterations in SE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145946676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of photodynamic therapy versus conventional therapies for actinic keratosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"ALA'A Suwait Deeb AL Suwait ,&nbsp;Rongyi Chen ,&nbsp;Ziad Fayez Mohammad Alkouz ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Lai ,&nbsp;Kaixin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Liang ,&nbsp;Siqi Li ,&nbsp;Rehab Alhejairi ,&nbsp;Ashraf Suwait Deeb AL Suwait ,&nbsp;Yongfeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is widely used for actinic keratosis (AK), but its comparative effectiveness versus conventional therapies remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To systematically evaluate PDT efficacy compared with cryotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and imiquimod for AK treatment through meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases through June 2025 for randomized controlled trials comparing PDT with active treatments. Primary outcome was complete clearance rate. Risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using random-effects models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirteen studies (<em>n</em> = 1841) were included. 5-Fluorouracil demonstrated superior efficacy versus PDT at 12 months (74.7 % vs 37.7 %; RR 0.50, 95 % CI 0.40–0.64, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). PDT showed comparable efficacy to cryotherapy overall (63.5 % vs 52.4 %, <em>P =</em> 0.154) but was superior for Grade III lesions (56.9 % vs 13.4 %, <em>P</em> = 0.021). Against imiquimod, results varied by population: imiquimod was more effective in immunocompetent patients (53.9 % vs 37.7 %, <em>P =</em> 0.006), while PDT was superior in organ transplant recipients (78 % vs 61 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Combination 5-FU pretreatment enhanced PDT efficacy (87 % vs 74 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001). PDT achieved better cosmetic outcomes than cryotherapy (hypopigmentation: 0–3 % vs 31 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and higher patient satisfaction than imiquimod (90 % vs 61 %, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.003).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While 5-fluorouracil monotherapy shows superior efficacy, PDT offers advantages for specific populations and Grade III lesions. Combination approaches optimize outcomes while maintaining PDT’s favorable cosmetic and tolerability profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105308"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145710565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeated visual perceptual micro-training enhances neural microplasticity in children with ametropic amblyopia: A clinical observation","authors":"Fang-Fang Lan,&nbsp;Wu-Xiao Zhao,&nbsp;Lu Gan,&nbsp;Yan Luo,&nbsp;Zhi-Chao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of repeated visual-perceptual micro training on neural microplasticity in children diagnosed with ametropic amblyopia, with a focus on changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), binocular visual function, and suppression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 35 children with ametropic amblyopia (mean age: 6.80 years) underwent intervention using a binocular visual perceptual neural plasticity training system. The training protocol consisted of 20 sessions, administered five times per week, each lasting 40 min. BCVA, suppression status, and stereopsis were assessed at baseline (T0), after five sessions (T1), after ten sessions (T2), and 4 weeks post-intervention (T3).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following ten training sessions, the mean BCVA improved from 0.72 to 0.88 in the right eye and from 0.70 to 0.90 in the left eye (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of foveal suppression decreased from 51.43 % to 14.29 %, while the proportion of participants without suppression increased from 34.29 % to 57.14 % (<em>p</em> = 0.025). Significant improvements in fine stereopsis were observed at both 0.8 m and 1.5 m distances, with the proportion of individuals reaching grade 3–4 increasing to 82.86 % and 71.43 %, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). The observed therapeutic effects remained stable throughout the follow-up period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Repeated visual perceptual micro-training demonstrated significant improvements in BCVA, binocular visual function, and suppression in children with ametropic amblyopia. These effects followed a cumulative enhancement pattern and remained stable during the 4-week post-training follow-up period, suggesting potential clinical applicability in amblyopia rehabilitation while highlighting the need for longer-term evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105311"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observation of choroidal blood flow parameters in patients with diabetic retinopathy based on ultra-widefield SS-OCTA","authors":"Zhiyu Gao,&nbsp;Fan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Use ultra-wide-field swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (UWF-SS-OCTA) to observe choroidal blood flow parameters in diabetic patients to aid clinical monitoring of diabetic retinopathy (DR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this retrospective cross-sectional study, 203 participants (243 eyes) with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls were recruited. Diabetic patients were graded according to their severity: diabetes but without diabetic retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Utilizing UWF-SS-OCTA examination, comprehensive data collection of choroidal capillary blood flow density (VD-CC), choroidal medium-and large-vessel blood flow density (VD-LMVC), and choroidal vascular index (CVI) was conducted, encompassing both overall and 3 × 3 zoning analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) declined with increasing DR severity, significantly so in PDR (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Diabetic patients showed lower VD-LMVC and CVI than healthy controls (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05), while VD-CC showed no significant difference. VD-LMVC and CVI decreased with DR progression and were negatively correlated with DM duration, BCVA, HbA1c, and DR grade, particularly in the temporal region (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). CVI correlated linearly with age, DR severity, VD-LMVC, and VD-CC, with DR grade being the strongest predictor (β'=-0.523, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). CVI (AUC=93.2 %) demonstrated superior diagnostic value for DR compared to VD-LMVC (AUC=89.2 %) and VD-CC (AUC=88.7 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Choroidal hypoperfusion is a characteristic of DR. Choroidal blood flow density in patients with DR predominantly affects the medium- and large- vessel layers. The CVI shows a progressive decline as DR advances, with perfusion loss possibly initiating in the temporal subregions. Among the evaluated parameters, CVI demonstrates superior diagnostic utility over VD-CC and VD-LMVC for supporting DR diagnosis. However, all three parameters exhibit limited sensitivity in staging disease severity. CVI holds promise as a potential biomarker for monitoring DR progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105285"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional retinal curvature remodeling and choroidal changes following posterior scleral reinforcement in high myopia: A quantitative multimodal imaging study","authors":"Xiaoxiao Wu ,&nbsp;Xiyue Tan ,&nbsp;Yingying Nie ,&nbsp;Yining Zeng ,&nbsp;Youruo Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingxue Gao ,&nbsp;Qiulin Mi ,&nbsp;Xue Zhou ,&nbsp;Junguo Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To quantitatively assess retinal curvature and microvascular changes following posterior scleral reinforcement (PSR) using the BM-400 K SS-OCTA system.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This pilot study enrolled 21 highly myopic eyes undergoing PSR. Baseline and postoperative (1/3/6 months) assessments included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), and axial length (AL). The BM-400 K system measured retinal curvature (RC), choroidal thickness (ChT), superficial/deep capillary plexus density (SCP/DCP), and choroidal vascular index (CVI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant axial shortening occurred, peaking at 3 months (median AL: 27.98 mm vs. baseline 28.61 mm, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.01). Progressive retinal flattening was observed (RC: 0.48 D/mm at 6 months vs. 0.77 D/mm baseline, <em>P</em> = 0.004). Strong correlations emerged between curvature changes (∆RC) and AL reduction (e.g., ∆RC3 vs. ∆AL at 6 months, <em>rₛ</em>=0.861, FDR-adj. <em>P</em> = 0.010). Notably, ∆RC correlated negatively with profound capillary density changes in specific regions (e.g., ∆RC4 vs. ∆DCP4, <em>r</em>ₛ= −0.756, FDR-adj. <em>P</em> = 0.021).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BM-400K-based quantitative RC analysis demonstrates that PSR induces significant retinal flattening, which is linked to axial shortening and microvascular remodeling. This novel optical evaluation provides critical structural and hemodynamic insights for PSR outcome assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105317"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145764789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjunctive laser-based antimicrobial photodynamic therapy using methylene blue for refractory feline sporotrichosis","authors":"Mariana Lucy Mesquita Ramos ,&nbsp;Anna Barreto Fernandes Figueiredo ,&nbsp;Bruna Martins de França ,&nbsp;Sandro Antonio Pereira ,&nbsp;Marcel Guimarães Martins ,&nbsp;Isabella Dib Ferreira Gremião","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Feline sporotrichosis, a potentially zoonotic fungal infection caused by <em>Sporothrix</em> spp., represents a therapeutic challenge, especially in refractory cases. This report describes two cases that presented with refractory cutaneous lesions to conventional systemic treatment. Both cats were initially treated with a combination of itraconazole and potassium iodide for a prolonged period, resulting only in partial improvement and persistence of cutaneous lesions. Due to the lack of complete response, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) was introduced as an adjuvant treatment. The protocol involved multiple sessions of aPDT using methylene blue as photosensitizer, while conventional therapy was maintained. The first cat achieved complete clinical cure after 11 sessions and the second after 10 sessions. The successful outcome in these cases demonstrates the potential of aPDT as a promising adjuvant technique in the treatment of refractory feline sporotrichosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease affect the ocular circulation?","authors":"Nihat Aydın ,&nbsp;Mustafa Capraz ,&nbsp;Burcu Akman ,&nbsp;Seyma Nur Altınok ,&nbsp;Melek Tufek ,&nbsp;Caner Kara","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2026.105334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the choroidal thickness (CT), central retinal artery (CRA), ophthalmic artery (OA), internal carotid artery (ICA) and common carotid artery (CCA) hemodynamic parameters and the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective study included 98 MASLD patients and 30 healthy controls. MASLD patients were classified into three stages via liver ultrasonography.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CT was significantly decreased at all measured points in Stage 2 and Stage 3 MASLD patients versus controls and at subfoveal and nasal (500–1000-1500 µm) points in Stage 3 compared to Stage 1(all p &lt; 0.05). A significant relationship was observed between CT and age, MASLD stage, and GGT levels. OA peak sistolik velocity (PSV), ICA PSV, enddiastolic velocity (EDV), and CCA EDV values were significantly lower in Stage 3 compared to the control group and Stage 1 while the ICA PSV and CCA EDV values were significantly lower in Stage 3 compared to Stage 2 (all p &lt; 0.05). The CCA resistive index (RI) and pulsatile index (PI) were significantly higher in Stage 3 than in the control group and Stage 1 as with the CCA PI value in Stage 3 compared to Stage 2 (p = 0.026, p = 0.035, p = 0.011, p = 0.014, p = 0.022, respectively). CIMT was significantly higher in Stage 3 than in controls (p = 0.005).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>MASLD affects ocular vascular structures and may be associated with an increased risk of ocular pathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145949493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced reactive oxygen species generation using photonic platforms containing polyethylene glycol hydrogel doped with a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy","authors":"H. Rahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.105331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents the design and analysis of a symmetric one-dimensional photonic crystal incorporating a polyethylene glycol hydrogel doped with porphyrin derivatives (TBPP, TMPP, TPP, TCPP, and TAPP) for enhancing reactive oxygen species generation in photodynamic therapy. The photonic structure is engineered such that the defect resonance mode overlaps the absorption Q-band of porphyrins. Simulation results show that increasing the intrinsic refractive index of porphyrin systematically red-shifts the resonance wavelength from 715.27 nm (TBPP) to 716.58 nm (TAPP). Among all derivatives, TCPP and TAPP show the best optical metrics such as the quality factor, detection limit, and figure of merit. Also, the electric field distribution analysis reveals intense light localization, up to 150-fold enhancement within the defect region. The supposed biosensor exhibit high quality factors (nearly 4700), narrow linewidths (Δλ_FWHM=0.152 nm), high sensitivity (83–88 nm·RIU⁻¹), low detection limits (1.8×10⁻³ RIU), and large figures of merit (546–580). Our study introduces a photonic platform that acts as an optical booster which concentrates light to enhance the activation efficiency of photosensitizers at the defect site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"57 ","pages":"Article 105331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145844670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}