Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"To investigate the impact of different post-space disinfectants Nd: YAP laser, Radachlorin, and calcium oxide nanoparticles on smear layer removal efficacy and bond durability of PEEK posts to canal dentin","authors":"Saad Alresayes","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><div>Effect of post-space disinfectants Nd: YAP laser, Radachlorin® photosensitizer, and calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) on the smear layer (SL) removal efficacy and push out bond strength (PBS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) post to root dentin.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>Forty-four human premolars possessing a single root having a complete apex were acquired and endodontically treated. Gates glidden drills were used to prepare the post space. The teeth were then randomly allocated into 4 groups according to the disinfectant used (<em>n</em> = 11) Group 1: 2.5 % NaOCl+17 % EDTA, Group 2: Nd: YAP laser+17 % EDTA, Group 3: Radachlorin+17 % EDTA and Group 4: CaONPs+17 % EDTA. A single sample from each respective group was carefully sectioned and observed under SEM magnification for SL removal(<em>n</em> = 1). PEEK post was cemented using resin cement followed by artificial aging (<em>n</em> = 10). PBS testing was conducted using a universal testing machine and failure mode was analyzed under a stereomicroscope. A one-way analysis of variance, accompanied by post hoc analysis was applied for statistical assessment of data <em>(p</em> <em>&lt;</em> <em>0.05)</em></div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The specimens from Group 1 (2.5 % NaOCl+EDTA) (1.65±0.02) showed the highest efficacy in eliminating SL from the canal as well as the highest PBS. Conversely, Group 3 (Radachlorin₊EDTA) samples revealed the least efficacy in the removal of SL and bond integrity of PEEK post.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sodium hypochlorite followed by ethylenediamine-tetra acetic acid displayed better performance than all the other tested groups in SL removal and bond integrity outcomes when PEEK post was bonded to the canal dentin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 104610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143995770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and refractive outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy in hyperopia and hyperopic-astigmatism: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Samira Hassanzadeh ,&nbsp;Firouzeh Fereydouni ,&nbsp;Elham Bakhtiari","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Purpose: To evaluate the Visual and Refractive outcomes of Photorefractive Keratectomy(PRK) in Patients with Hyperopia and Hyperopic-astigmatism</div><div>Methods: This meta-analysis followed the PRISMA statement. Literature search of databases including PubMed, web of science, Scopus, Medline, Cochrane library and Google-Scholar was done to find relevant published articles about outcomes of PRK surgery for hyperopic and compound hyperopic-astigmatism. The search was conducted with no time or language restriction; and was updated until 31th December 2023. Open Meta Analyst software was used for data analysis. The combined effect of continuous data was presented by mean difference and 95 % confidence interval (CI).</div><div>Results: A total of 750 eyes from 481 patients (49.5 % female and 50.5 % male) were analyzed. The postoperative improvement in UCVA(uncorrected visual acuity), SE(spherical equivalent) and cylindrical power in these samples were statistically significant(<em>P</em> = 0.001). The overall incidence of corneal haze was 32.5 %(95 % CI:[26.5 %, 38.4 %]).</div><div>Conclusions: The Visual and Refractive outcomes of PRK in Patients with Hyperopia and Hyperopic-astigmatism are satisfactory, but its 32.5 % haze incidence is significantly higher than in myopic PRK and Trans-PRK(trans-epithelial PRK), raising safety concerns. Further research is needed to reduce haze and enhance outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on \"use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to predict the bacilloscopic index in the saliva of leprosy patients\"","authors":"Ali Beheshti Namdar ,&nbsp;Masoud Keikha","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104609","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The response of the retinal vessels to the vitamin D supplementation treatment running title: The retinal vessels and vitamin D supplementation treatment","authors":"Sinem Karabulut ,&nbsp;Tugba Dübektaş Canbek ,&nbsp;Müjdat Karabulut ,&nbsp;Okan Akmaz ,&nbsp;Aylin Karalezli","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>We planned to prospectively investigate the response of retinal microvasculature to vitamin D supplementation treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was designed as a prospective, longitudinal study. We enrolled healthy adults with vitamin D deficiency. Baseline optical coherence tomography angiography parameters compared after vitamin D supplementation treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In the treated group, the mean whole, parafoveal, and perifoveal vessel density in deep capillary plexus were significantly reduced compared to the baseline (<em>p</em> = 0.019, <em>p</em> = 0.023, <em>p</em> = 0.012, respectively). Additionally, the final whole, parafoveal, and perifoveal vessel density in deep capillary plexus were inversely related to the vitamin D changes (Spearman's rho:-0.516, <em>p</em> = 0.024; Spearman's rho:-0.524, <em>p</em> = 0.019; Spearman's rho:-0.569, <em>p</em> = 0.012, respectively). Vascular parameters did not change in the untreated group compared to the baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Although the effects of some confounding factors, such as exposure time to sunlight and dietary vitamin D intake in the study, were not yet known, vitamin D supplementation therapy appeared to affect retinal microvasculature. Optic coherence tomography angiography might indicate noninvasively the effectiveness or sufficiency of vitamin D treatment at the microvascular level, although the observed changes in the retinal vessels are as yet not fully understood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating photodynamic therapy protocols for high-grade cervical neoplasia: A comparative study","authors":"Cynthia Aparecida de Castro ,&nbsp;Carolina Fernanda da Silva ,&nbsp;Flávia Langellotti Silva ,&nbsp;Laura de Oliveira Marchetti ,&nbsp;Welington Lombardi ,&nbsp;Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato ,&nbsp;e Natalia Mayumi Inada","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cervical cancer has the infection by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) as one of the main conditions for its development. Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive treatment that combines the interaction between oxygen, light, and a photosensitizing molecule, resulting in cellular damage. HPV - infected cells because they are metabolically more active, can be better affected by this technique, promoting an alternative topic treatment for Cervical Intraepithelial Lesions (CIN). The present prospective and randomized study compared three PDT protocols applied to 31 patients with high-grade CIN and infected by HPV. Protocols used LEDs with a wavelength of 630 nm and a fluence of 150 J/cm² as a light source, with different number of sessions and intervals between the three groups. There was no statistical difference between the protocols, however, we noticed a clinical difference that indicates a better response to PDT in the treatment with two PDT sessions, and an interval of 21 days between sessions. In this protocol, after 120 days of therapy, 50 % of patients had a regression in the lesion, presenting cytology compatible with CIN I or chronic cervicitis and after 6 months there was an 80 % cure rate. Furthermore, 50 % of patients who, before treatment, were carriers of high-risk HPV had a complete viral load clearance. Therefore, we conclude that a greater number of sessions, as well as a longer interval between the treatments day, is an efficient method to enhance the results of PDT, allowing more time for regeneration and viral clearance of the cervical tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy in inducing cell death in multidrug-resistant Trichophyton mentagrophytes: An in vivo and in vitro study","authors":"Jinke Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanrui Chen ,&nbsp;Sisi Wang ,&nbsp;Yiyang Weng ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Liu ,&nbsp;Dongmei Li ,&nbsp;Dongmei Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Majocchi’s Granuloma (MG) is manifested as the deep-seated, persistent suppurative granulomatous perifollicular inflammation. Traditional treatment for MG typically involves a combination of systemic oral antifungal drugs and topical medications; however, this approach often results in a low cure rate, high recurrence rate, and significant adverse effects. In contrast, 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT), which has emerged as a novel strategy for treating fungal infections, is being increasingly utilized in the management of infectious granulomas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A patient with refractory MG caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (<em>T. mentagrophytes</em>) received three cycles of ALA-PDT. Additionally, a drug-resistant strain of <em>T. mentagrophytes</em> isolated from the patient's lesions was subjected to <em>in vitro</em> testing and evaluated in a guinea pig model to elucidate the mechanisms by which ALA-PDT exerts its inhibitory effects on the strain and other clinical and standard strains of <em>T. mentagrophytes</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After three courses of ALA-PDT, the lesions were successfully eliminated. Both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> experiments demonstrated that ALA-PDT significantly inhibited the growth of <em>T. mentagrophytes</em>. We further demonstrated that ALA or ALA-PDT treatment could enhance the sensitivity of <em>T. mentagrophytes</em> to subsequent traditional antifungal agent. When <em>T. mentagrophytes</em> was treated with ALA or ALA-PDT<em>,</em> the structural integrity of the fungal cells was directly disrupted. This disruption led to several observable effects: the integrity of the cell wall was compromised, pores rupture in the cell membrane, and swelling occurred in both the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings suggest that ALA-PDT disrupts the cell membrane, cell wall and internal cellular structure of <em>T. mentagrophytes</em> through increasing the release of Reactive Oxygen Species <strong>(</strong>ROS), thereby facilitating the elimination of the fungus. This research highlights the therapeutic potential of ALA-PDT as an innovative strategy for managing fungal infections, particularly those resistant to conventional treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104599"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of vascular tortuosity in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome using optical coherence tomography angiography","authors":"Luca Lucchino ,&nbsp;Marta Armentano ,&nbsp;Giacomo Visioli ,&nbsp;Alessandro Beccia ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Maria Albanese ,&nbsp;Fabiana Mallone ,&nbsp;Carolina Putotto ,&nbsp;Federica Pulvirenti ,&nbsp;Magda Gharbiya ,&nbsp;Alessandro Lambiase ,&nbsp;Marco Marenco","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To quantify retinal vascular tortuosity and assess microvascular alterations in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This observational cross-sectional study analyzed 108 eyes from 27 patients with 22q11.2DS and 27 age- and sex-matched controls. OCTA parameters included vascular density in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses (SCP, DCP), radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC), and foveal avascular zone (FAZ). A skeletonized vascular model was generated from 6 mm × 6 mm OCTA images of the superficial plexus after Otsu binarization using Fiji (ImageJ). The vascular tortuosity index (VTI) was computed as the ratio of total vessel length to Euclidean distance via the AnalyzeSkeleton function. A generalized estimating equation (GEE) model accounted for intra-eye correlation, and a probit regression model identified OCTA predictors of 22q11.2DS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>OCTA revealed significantly lower vascular density in both SCP and DCP in 22q11.2DS patients. DCP density was reduced across all regions, including whole-image (p &lt; 0.001), superior (p &lt; 0.001), inferior (p &lt; 0.001), and foveal regions (p = 0.020). No significant differences were found in FAZ area or RPC density. VTI was significantly higher in 22q11.2DS (p = 0.001). Probit regression identified DCP whole-image density (p = 0.009) and VTI (p = 0.028) as predictors of 22q11.2DS, with a pseudo-R² of 0.23.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>VTI was identified as a predictor of 22q11.2DS, providing an objective measure of retinal vascular tortuosity. OCTA revealed previously unrecognized microvascular alterations, supporting its use as a non-invasive tool for vascular assessment in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory photodynamic activity of tetraphenyl-substituted porphyrin in J774.2 macrophage cells","authors":"Harika Topal Önal","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porphyrin derivatives have been explored as potential agents for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory photodynamic activity of a symmetrical tetraphenyl-substituted porphyrin derivative in mammalian macrophage cells. In this study, the previously synthesized compound 5,10,15,20- tetra(4‑tert‑butylphenyl)porphyrin (POR) was evaluated. To investigate the potential effects of POR on the immune response, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) levels were measured in cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cytokine analyses were performed under conditions where the compound was applied in the dark and under 5 and 10 min light exposure. The data show that the porphyrin derivative exhibits a significant anti-inflammatory photodynamic effect in vitro when applied at subtoxic concentrations. No cytotoxicity was observed at all applied doses, both in the presence and absence of light. This is consistent with previous literature findings demonstrating the non-cytotoxic nature of porphyrin derivatives. While high-concentration POR applications create a strong anti-inflammatory response in dark conditions, a significant decrease in TNF-α and IL-6 release was recorded with light application. Furthermore, the observed effects were dose-dependent, highlighting the critical importance of optimizing the dose for potential therapeutic uses. The results indicate that the studied porphyrin derivative has photodynamic anti-inflammatory properties and suggest that this compound can be evaluated as a candidate therapeutic agent in the management of diseases where suppression of the immune response is targeted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104597"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal vascular density in different refractive errors assessed by optical coherence tomography angiography","authors":"Hemn Baghban Jaldian ,&nbsp;Zhale Rajavi ,&nbsp;Parva Pourbagherkhah ,&nbsp;Hossein Mohammad-Rabei ,&nbsp;Mohammadmehdi Hatami ,&nbsp;Mohammad Farjami ,&nbsp;Hamideh Sabbaghi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To compare retinal vascular density (VD) in individuals with different refractive errors using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) and evaluate the correlation between VD and ocular biometric parameters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 56 participants with moderate myopia and hyperopia, along with 33 controls with lower levels of refractive errors. The mean age of participants was 28.95 ± 6.92 years for the case group and 31.18 ± 6.81 years for the controls. Among the participants, 51.7 % were female. All subjects underwent OCTA imaging using the RTVue XR Avanti system to measure VD in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses. The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area was also assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Myopic eyes exhibited a significantly higher deep capillary plexus (DCP) foveal VD compared to hyperopic eyes (<em>P</em> = 0.031). In hyperopic eyes, there was a significant positive correlation between anterior chamber depth (ACD) and superficial capillary plexus (SCP) VD (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), while in myopic eyes, age was negatively correlated with SCP foveal VD (<em>P</em> = 0.009). Additionally, the FAZ area showed a negative correlation with ACD in both hyperopic and control eyes (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Myopic eyes demonstrated higher DCP foveal VD compared to hyperopic eyes, suggesting distinct vascular characteristics among different refractive errors. OCTA provides valuable insights into microvasculature changes in eyes with refractive errors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal imaging biomarkers of subretinal hyperreflective material accumulation in central serous chorioretinopathy","authors":"Jiaxin Pu ,&nbsp;Guiqin He ,&nbsp;Xiongze Zhang ,&nbsp;Miaoling Li ,&nbsp;Xinlei Hao ,&nbsp;Xuenan Zhuang ,&nbsp;Yongyue Su ,&nbsp;Feng Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To identify multimodal imaging (MMI) biomarkers associated with subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective study enrolled eyes with primary and recurrent CSC with symptoms lasting less than 3 months. Eyes were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of SHRM, with SHRM-positive eyes further subdivided into three grades. A comprehensive analysis was performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>259 eyes from 231 patients (216 males) were included. Eyes with SHRM showed higher choroidal vessel index (CVI) at the leakage site compared to those without, with <em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 when leakage was located in the foveal, parafoveal, perifoveal, and peripapillary regions. Differences were also discovered in serous retinal detachment (SRD) dimensions, presence of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) defects in OCT, gravitational tracks and hyperautofluorescence contours in FAF, leakage patterns and dye pooling area in FFA, and focal choroidal vascular hyperpermeability (CVH) area in ICGA (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05 for all). Furthermore, CVI at the leakage site, RPE defects presence and dye pooling area were identified as independent factors associated with SHRM presence, with odds ratios (OR) of 1.539 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), 2.766 (<em>P</em> = 0.023), and 1.062 (<em>P</em> = 0.006), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The presence of SHRM was associated with choroidal and RPE alterations, suggesting that changes in hydrostatic pressure and RPE function might be involved in SHRM formation in CSC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143887418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}