Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Combinatory effect of ALA-PDT and itraconazole in the treatment of cutaneous protothecosis","authors":"Wenying Cai ,&nbsp;Junhao Huang ,&nbsp;Qianling Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiahao Li ,&nbsp;Li Lin ,&nbsp;Junmin Zhang ,&nbsp;Liyan Xi ,&nbsp;Sha Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As a rare subcutaneous infection, protothecosis is easily misdiagnosed. Similar to other subcutaneous infection, there is no unified standard for treatment, for cases not suitable for surgery, clinicians often use antifungal drugs based on their experience, and the course of treatment varies from several months to several years. Based on the fact that there are few relevant materials and researches on photodynamic therapy (PDT), we conducted a study based on a clinical case that used oral itraconazole combined with 5-aminolevylinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) to treat a patient with cutaneous protothecosis caused by <em>Prototheca wicherhamii.</em></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Different concentrations of ALA and different light doses were used to investigate the effects of ALA-PDT on the growth inhibition of <em>P. wickerhamii in vitro</em> with Colony-counting Methods. And we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize the structural changes and the effects of ALA-PDT treating on cellular structures of the <em>P. wickerhamii</em>. Futher, we performed the susceptibility test of <em>P. wickerhamii</em> to itraconazole before and after ALA-PDT <em>in vitro</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We have successfully treated a patient with cutaneous protothecosis caused by <em>P. wickerhamii</em> by using combination therapy in a total of 9-week course of treatment. <em>In vitro</em>, ALA-PDT can inhibit the growth of <em>P. wickerhamii</em> when the ALA concentration was 5 mg/mL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and this effect became stronger as the concentration of ALA or light dose is increased. Using TEM, we confirmed that ALA-PDT can disrupt the cell wall structure and partition structure of <em>P. wickerhamii</em>, which may contribute to its inhibitory effect. Further studies showed that the MIC of itraconazole for <em>P. wickerhamii</em> was decreased after ALA-PDT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ALA-PDT combined with oral itraconazole can be used to treat cutaneous protothecosis. Accordingly, ALA-PDT can destroy the cell wall and partition structure of <em>P. wickerhamii</em> leading to an inhibitory effect on it <em>in vitro</em>, and the effect is enhanced with the increase of ALA concentration and light dose. Also, the sensitivity of <em>P. wickerhamii</em> to itraconazole is observed increased after ALA-PDT. So our study provides a theoretical basis for the promising treatment against cutaneus protothecosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003697/pdfft?md5=95838246e1a3447fc54e73c8bd0d015f&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003697-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the efficacy and safety of auricular keloids excision followed by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy","authors":"Ziyue Lu ,&nbsp;Ding Zhu ,&nbsp;Yunchuan Yang ,&nbsp;Huiling Kou ,&nbsp;Xinying Li ,&nbsp;Junbo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Auricular keloids are a significant clinical challenge, which adversely affect the life of the patient at the level of aesthetic and psychological well-being. Despite various treatment modalities, a universally effective therapy has yet to be established. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers a promising approach by inhibiting the abnormal proliferation of fibroblasts while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy cells and tissues. This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of auricular keloid patients treated with excision followed by 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study included 8 patients diagnosed with auricular keloids based on pathological examination and clinical presentation. Following surgical excision of the auricular keloids, topical 5-ALA solution was applied for 4 h. Then each lesion was irradiated with 120 J/cm² using a red LED (635-nm laser) for 20 min. Patients received 3–5 courses of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) during and after the surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Among the 8 patients treated, auricular keloids were completely controlled with the combination therapy. During a follow-up period of 2.7 years (range: 1.8–4.1 years), all patients exhibited excellent outcomes with no recurrence of keloids.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The combination of surgical excision and 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is an effective and safe treatment for auricular keloids. This combined approach shows promise as an alternative clinical treatment for managing auricular keloids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"50 ","pages":"Article 104335"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of AI-enhanced non-mydriatic fundus photography for diabetic retinopathy screening","authors":"Chen-Liang Hu ,&nbsp;Yu-Chan Wang ,&nbsp;Wen-Fang Wu ,&nbsp;Yu Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the feasibility of using non-mydriatic fundus photography in conjunction with an artificial intelligence (AI) reading platform for large-scale screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we selected 120 patients with diabetes hospitalized in our institution from December 2019 to April 2021. Retinal imaging of 240 eyes was obtained using non-mydriatic fundus photography. The fundus images of these patients were divided into two groups based on different interpretation methods. In Experiment Group 1, the images were analyzed and graded for DR diagnosis using an AI reading platform. In Experiment Group 2, the images were analyzed and graded for DR diagnosis by an associate chief physician in ophthalmology, specializing in fundus diseases. Concurrently, all patients underwent the gold standard for DR diagnosis and grading—fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA)—with the outcomes serving as the Control Group. The diagnostic value of the two methods was assessed by comparing the results of Experiment Groups 1 and 2 with those of the Control Group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Keeping the control group (FFA results) as the gold standard, no significant differences were observed between the two experimental groups regarding diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false negative rate, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden's index, Kappa value, and diagnostic accuracy (X² = 0.371, <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with the manual reading group, the AI reading group revealed no significant differences across all diagnostic indicators, exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity, as well as a relatively high positive predictive value. Additionally, it demonstrated a high level of diagnostic consistency with the gold standard. This technology holds potential for suitability in large-scale screening of DR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104331"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003685/pdfft?md5=c42f9624f76d9fea4abb28f781b329be&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003685-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy is a safe and effective treatment for female patients with intractable vulvar lichen sclerosus","authors":"Xiangrong Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Liu ,&nbsp;Junhua Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongli Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Xu ,&nbsp;Lihua Meng ,&nbsp;Youzhong Zhang ,&nbsp;Lili Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Female vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the vulva and its etiology is unknown. The main clinical symptoms are itching, burning and dyspareunia, and there is a lack of effective treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Clinical and follow-up data of women with VLS who underwent 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) from January 2023 to December 2023 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 patients with VLS who received ineffective conventional treatment (intractable VLS) were enrolled. Objective signs and subjective symptoms of vulvar lesions were recorded before treatment and 6 months after the end of treatment according to corresponding scoring criteria. Quality of life was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All patients received six sessions of ALA-PDT treatment and follow-up visits. After ALA-PDT treatment, 24 of 36 (66.67 %) patients' itching symptoms completely disappeared, 10 of 36 (27.78 %) patients' itching symptoms were relieved from severe to mild, and only 2 of 36 (5.56 %) patients' symptoms were not significantly relieved. 16 of 36 (44.4 %) patients' itching symptoms completely disappeared, 9 of 36 (25 %) patients' itching symptoms were relieved from severe to mild, and only 2 of 36 (5.56 %) patients still had severe pain. Compared to 22 patients with dyspareunia before treatment, only 9 patients still had dyspareunia with varying degrees of dyspareunia relief after treatment. Clinical signs improved significantly in the patients after ALA-PDT treatment. The total scores of clinical signs were (5.31 ± 1.67 vs 3.67 ± 1.71) before and after treatment. All patients showed improvement in DLQI after treatment. The main side effects of ALA-PDT were pain, erythema and swelling which were transient and tolerable. All patients were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the results of the treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ALA-PDT is a safe and effective treatment for women with intractable vulva lichen sclerosus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104330"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003673/pdfft?md5=1a88474c938a36c151fce7096d4d5faf&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003673-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of blue laser and red light-emitting diode-mediated aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy for moderate and severe acne vulgaris: A prospective, split-face, nonrandomized controlled study","authors":"Hengtong Fan ,&nbsp;Huihui Tuo ,&nbsp;Yuhan Xie ,&nbsp;Manyu Ju ,&nbsp;Yan Sun ,&nbsp;Yajie Yang ,&nbsp;Xinnan Han ,&nbsp;Zejun Ren ,&nbsp;Yan Zheng ,&nbsp;Dalin He","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly effective and safe drug-device combination treatment, typically using red and blue light. However, direct comparisons of aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based PDT using these two light sources are lacking. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and adverse effects of ALA-based 450 nm blue laser-mediated PDT (BL-PDT) and 630 ± 10 nm red light-emitting diode-mediated PDT (RL-PDT) in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris, including analyses of different lesion types.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixteen patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris were recruited. All patients underwent BL-PDT on the left side of the face and RL-PDT on the right side. Treatments were administered thrice at 2-week intervals, and follow-up continued for 2 weeks after the final treatment. The average rates of improvement in inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions, IGA (Investigator's Global Assessment) scales, and IGA success rates were calculated. In addition, adverse effects during and after each treatment were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the 2-week follow-up after the final treatment, the average rates of improvement in total acne, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory lesions were 48.0 %, 63.0 %, and 30.0 % in the BL-PDT group and 42.2 %, 58.1 %, and 27.5 % in the RL-PDT group, respectively. The IGA scores for the two groups decreased by 1.8 and 1.7 points, respectively, and the IGA success rate was 53.3 % in both groups. There were no significant differences between the BL-PDT and RL-PDT groups in any measure of effectiveness. However, the BL-PDT group exhibited more severe adverse effects, especially pain and hyperpigmentation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BL-PDT and RL-PDT have similar efficacies in moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris and are particularly effective for inflammatory acne lesions. RL-PDT benefits from milder adverse effects than those of BL-PDT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003624/pdfft?md5=369c4e243a442815e44d148be5c89b32&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003624-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancies in choroidal thickness and brolucizumab intravitreal injection: Cause or effect of intraocular inflammation?","authors":"Sunny, Chi Lik Au","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157210002400365X/pdfft?md5=d630cabcf7d4ffa1c4e92822ac635d88&pid=1-s2.0-S157210002400365X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor re Open Access","authors":"Keyvan Moghissi","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003636/pdfft?md5=63f9c4c093d8a04b94a0367ea22a9ca5&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003636-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple PDT sessions with chlorin-e6 and LL-37 loaded-nanoemulsion provide limited benefits to periodontitis in rats","authors":"Gabriel Garcia de Carvalho ,&nbsp;Basílio Rodrigues Vieira ,&nbsp;Jhonatan de Souza Carvalho ,&nbsp;Frederico Barbosa de Sousa ,&nbsp;Paulo Sergio Cerri ,&nbsp;Kleber Thiago de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Marlus Chorilli ,&nbsp;Daniela Leal Zandim-Barcelos ,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Spolidorio ,&nbsp;Denise Madalena Palomari Spolidorio","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and LL-37 has never been tested in an animal study and our research team background suggests this strategy might be a promising alternative to intensify periodontitis resolution. This study aimed to assess the effects of multiple sessions of PDT with chlorin-e6 conjugated to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 loaded nanoemulsion, as adjunctive therapy in experimental periodontitis in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental periodontitis was induced in 81 rats. After disease establishment, animals were assigned to three groups: SRP (scaling and root planning); SRP + 1PDT, SRP followed by a single PDT session; SRP + 4PDT (<em>n</em> = 27), SRP followed by four PDT sessions at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after SRP. Animals were subjected to euthanasia at 7, 14 and 28 days, and samples were submitted to osteoclast quantification, immunological and microtomography analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All treatments resulted in significant periodontal improvements and there was no significant difference between the groups in both local inflammatory response and healing process. Minimal adjunctive effects could be found for the combined therapy in terms of cytokine levels (IL-1β and IL-10), with no statistical significance. However, the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts per mm of alveolar bone linear surface for the group treated with PDT sessions was significantly lower than those treated with SRP only.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple PDT sessions with chlorin-e6 and LL-37 nanoemulsion as an adjunct to scaling and root planning reduced the presence of osteoclast in the local site but did not contribute towards bone regeneration and IL-1β and IL-10 levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003661/pdfft?md5=ce113053b350739c6fedb8f6826958d2&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003661-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of blue and violet led and infrared laser on the temperature of bleaching protocols in different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide [Letter]","authors":"Imam Sarwo Edi ,&nbsp;Sari Luthfiyah ,&nbsp;Triwiyanto ,&nbsp;Bedjo Utomo ,&nbsp;Ani Intiati","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104310","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003478/pdfft?md5=60044db81bed1e2352ed807490d819e3&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003478-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical aPDT's effect on Candida albicans: Antifungal susceptibility, virulence gene expression, and correlation with leukocyte and neutrophil counts","authors":"Meixia Du ,&nbsp;Weijun Xuan ,&nbsp;Michael R Hamblin ,&nbsp;Liyi Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Our previous clinical trial demonstrated that antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with methylene blue (MB) and potassium iodide (KI) effectively killed <em>Candida albicans</em> (<em>C. albicans</em>) in adult AIDS patients with oral candidiasis, regardless of biofilm formation or 25S rDNA genotype. This study evaluated changes in antifungal susceptibility and virulence gene expression in <em>C. albicans</em> before and after aPDT, and explored factors related to clinical aPDT efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty-one adult AIDS patients with <em>C. albicans</em> oral candidiasis were divided into Group a (400 μM MB, <em>N</em> = 11) and Group b (600 μM MB, <em>N</em> = 10). Both groups received two aPDT treatments, where MB was applied for 5 min, followed by 300 mM KI, and illuminated for 30 min (37.29 J/cm²). <em>C. albicans</em> isolates were collected before and after treatment to assess antifungal susceptibility (fluconazole, itraconazole, flucytosine, amphotericin B) and gene expression (<em>CAT1, HWP1</em>). Peripheral blood tests were analyzed for correlations with aPDT efficacy.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>aPDT reduced minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for amphotericin B, fluconazole, and flucytosine, with significant reductions primarily after the first treatment. MIC reductions differed between groups, with Group a showing greater decreases in flucytosine and fluconazole MICs, and Group b in amphotericin B MICs. No significant changes in <em>CAT1</em> or <em>HWP1</em> expression were observed. Clinical efficacy of aPDT negatively correlated with leukocyte and neutrophil levels.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>aPDT effectively reduces MICs of antifungal drugs against <em>C. albicans</em> isolated from treated patients, particularly after the first treatment. The concentration of MB required to reduce MICs varies among different antifungal drugs. aPDT does not alter <em>CAT1</em> or <em>HWP1</em> expression, and its clinical efficacy in eradicating <em>C. albicans</em> is negatively associated with leukocyte and neutrophil levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"49 ","pages":"Article 104327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003648/pdfft?md5=b6c50f63b0cb37dde8c7bbfec1202bc2&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003648-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}