Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Repeatability and reproducibility of anterior segment measurements with a new full-range SS-OCT and comparison with an AS-OCT","authors":"Chak Seng Lei ,&nbsp;Xinyu Jiang ,&nbsp;Xinning Yang ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;Kexin Li ,&nbsp;Rui Ning ,&nbsp;Giacomo Savini ,&nbsp;Domenico Schiano-Lomoriello ,&nbsp;Xingtao Zhou ,&nbsp;Jinhai Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of anterior segment parameters measured by the new YG-100K full-range swept-source optical coherence tomographer (SS-OCT) and compare them with values from the validated CASIA 2 anterior segment optical coherence tomographer (AS-OCT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomized sequence, the first operator conducted three consecutive measurements with both devices, while a second operator independently conducted three consecutive measurements with only the YG-100K. Each device’s built-in software automatically identified the scleral spur and angle recess. Measured parameters included central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), angle-to-angle (ATA) distance, anterior chamber width (ACW), lens vault (LV), crystalline lens rise (CLR), lens thickness (LT), trabecular iris angle (TIA), angle open distance (AOD) and trabecular iris space area (TISA). The within-subject standard deviation (Sw), test-retest (TRT) repeatability, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated. Bland-Altman plots were assessed inter-device agreement.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The YG-100K demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility, evidenced by low Sw, TRT, and CoV values, and ICCs nearing 1.000 (intraobserver ICCs: 0.918−0.998; interobserver ICCs: 0.972−0.998). Comparative analysis revealed good agreement for CCT and ACD. However, ATA and ACW were significantly lower, whereas LT, LV and CLR were slightly higher with YG-100K. Angle measurements between the two devices showed wide 95 % limits of agreement (LoA).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This new full-range SS-OCT exhibited high repeatability and reproducibility for anterior segment measurements, confirming its reliability. However, significant differences and wide 95 % LoAs compared to the CASIA 2 suggested that these devices were not interchangeable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 104763"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined cryotherapy and photodynamic therapy for recurrent generalized giant plantar warts: A case report","authors":"Qinghu Zheng,&nbsp;Jie Yu,&nbsp;Xianpeng Lun,&nbsp;Weiyao Wang,&nbsp;Zhenxiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Plantar warts, caused by human papillomavirus(HPV),often present therapeutic challenges due to high recurrence rates and deep tissue infiltration. Traditional modalities like cryotherapy, CO₂ laser, and surgery show limited efficacy for large or recurrent lesions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the clinical efficacy of cryotherapy combined with photodynamic therapy (PDT) and immunomodulatory agents in treating refractory giant plantar warts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A 25-year-old male with a 3-year history of recurrent, painful giant plantar warts (largest lesion: 3.5×5.5 cm) underwent a multimodal regimen: (1) Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy (3 cycles, 30–40 seconds per cycle); (2) 20 % 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-mediated PDT (635 nm wavelength, 100 J/cm², 20 min irradiation, weekly for 5 sessions); (3) Systemic immunomodulation (thymosin enteric-coated tablets, 20 mg tid; BCG polysaccharide nucleic acid injections, 0.1 mg biweekly) and topical recombinant human interferon alpha-2b gel.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After 5 PDT sessions, complete resolution of warts was observed, with residual surgical scars.Significant improvement occurred after the third session, with near-complete epithelialization by the fifth session. No recurrence from prior treatments was noted during 2-year follow up visit. Pain resolved, and mobility fully recovered.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our case demonstrates that multimodal therapy combining liquid nitrogen cryotherapy with photodynamic therapy (PDT) achieves complete and durable clearance of extensive, hyperkeratotic plantar warts, with no recurrence observed over a two-year follow-up.The combination of cryotherapy, PDT, and immunomodulation demonstrates superior efficacy for recalcitrant giant plantar warts compared to conventional therapies. This approach minimizes recurrence, reduces scarring, and enhances tissue repair, offering a promising first-line strategy for complex cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 104762"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy through the modulation of iron metabolism","authors":"Chenhan Li,&nbsp;Shun-ichiro Ogura","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA–PDT) has emerged as a promising cancer treatment owing to its selectivity and minimal invasiveness. However, certain cancer types exhibit resistance to ALA–PDT, partly due to insufficient protoporphyrin Ⅸ (PpⅨ) accumulation. This study aimed to enhance PpⅨ accumulation by modulating iron metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Two cancer cell lines were used in this study, TMK-1 and MCF-7. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) was knocked down genetically, and the iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) was used to downregulate ferrochelatase (FECH). The cellular levels of PpⅨ, reactive oxygen species, Fe²⁺, and cell viability were determined to evaluate the efficacy of ALA–PDT.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Knocking down DMT1 increased PpⅨ accumulation in TMK-1 cells but did not contribute to it in MCF-7 cells. DFO enhanced PpⅨ accumulation in both cell lines, primarily by removing excess iron ions and inhibiting FECH.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study offers a novel strategy for improving the efficacy of ALA–PDT through the modulation of iron metabolism, achieved by targeting DMT1 and utilizing the iron chelator DFO. Additionally, DFO exhibited a dual mechanism, depending on cellular iron homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 104755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144839545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular microvascular alterations in adults with sickle cell anemia detected by optical coherence tomography angiography","authors":"Çağrı Mutaf ,&nbsp;Leyla Hazar ,&nbsp;Sevgi Polat Bağcıer ,&nbsp;Esra Vural","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To evaluate macular vascular density (VD) and foveal avascular zone (FAZ) alterations in adult patients with sickle cell (SC) anemia without clinical signs of retinopathy using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and to compare these findings with healthy controls.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this cross-sectional, comparative study, 18 right eyes from 18 adult patients with SC anemia and 25 right eyes from age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were analyzed. Those with SC disease were group 1 and healthy controls were group 2. All participants had normal fundus examination findings. OCTA imaging (RTVue-XR Avanti; Optovue Inc.) was used to measure vascular densities in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), as well as FAZ dimensions, using a 3 × 3 mm macular scan. Vascular density measurements were compared across eight macular sectors. Image quality below 8/10 was excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean age of group 1 was 24.73±6.60, group 2 was 23.70±3.19 (<em>p</em> = 0.572). The female/male ratio was 10/8 in group 1 and 12/13 in group 2 (<em>p</em> = 0.500). DCP vascular density was significantly reduced in all sectors in the SC anemia group compared to controls (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). SCP vascular density was significantly lower only in the temporal region (<em>p</em> = 0.015). Superficial FAZ was significantly enlarged in SC anemia patients (0.45 ± 0.09 mm²) compared to controls (0.33 ± 0.07 mm², <em>p</em> = 0.001), while deep FAZ did not show a statistically significant difference (<em>p</em> = 0.145).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Sickle cell anemia is associated with substantial microvascular compromise in the deep retinal capillary plexus, even in the absence of clinical retinopathy. OCTA proves to be a sensitive, non-invasive imaging modality capable of detecting subclinical vascular changes. Early identification of these alterations may aid in the prevention of vision-threatening complications in SC anemia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 104759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 675 nm laser for lip augmentation and perioral rejuvenation treatment","authors":"Paolo Bonan ,&nbsp;Irene Fusco ,&nbsp;Pawel Kubik ,&nbsp;Tiziano Zingoni","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Injectable lip augmentation products are one of the most common treatments in aesthetic medicine. The literature indicates that there are innovative needle-free strategies for lip rejuvenation. Aim: This retrospective study explores the application of a 675 nm-emitting device for improving lip volume and defining lip contour.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 24 patients were treated for lip rejuvenation with the device emitting red light with a wavelength of 675 nm. For each patient, a total of one or two sessions were conducted at intervals of 1 month. At baseline and for the first three months from follow-up, standardized pictures were collected. A 5-point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Mean VAS results confirmed that the treatment was almost painless (mean value 1.25±0.5) for the patients. The GAIS demonstrated moderate to good overall improvement in the clinical results (mean value 2.5 ± 0.6) after the treatment. Specifically, considering different levels of improvement such as lip volume, colour, and texture, the results were 2.25 ± 0.5, 2.5 ± 0.6, and 2.5 ± 0.6, respectively. The upper lip ratio resulted in an augmentation of 118 ± 11 %, while the lower lip ratio results in an augmentation of 109 ± 5 %.</div><div>Clinical measurement revealed that the ratio between the lower and upper lips (b/a) results were 1.45 ±0.31 before, and 1.32 ±0.2 after the treatment, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>675 nm laser in women demonstrated to be a safe, easy, quick and pain-free solution with good results and great patient satisfaction for lip augmentation and perioral rejuvenation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 104760"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autofluorescence as a tool to detect oral lesions from systemic lupus erythematosus: a case report","authors":"Cinzia Casu","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease, causing chronic inflammation in various organs such as in skin, joints, and kidneys. Oral mucosa lesions occur in over 40% of patients, overall oral ulcers and among others, widespread non-specific erythema that can involve up 9%. Sometimes they manifest as a first sign of SLE. Autofluorescence, a non-invasive system based on the physiological presence of endogenous fluorochromes excited using 370-460 nm lights, abundant in neoplastic and pre-neoplastic tissues, has recently proven to be of great help in recognizing alterations of the oral mucosa. This paper describes a case of a 48-year-old female patient, previously diagnosed with SLE, in whom typical oral lesions, misdiagnosed as burning mouth syndrome, were intercepted with the aid of autofluorescence. This paper highlights the possibility of using this non-invasive system for the early interception of inflammatory oral lesions associated with severe systemic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 104758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach in colon cancer treatment: successful conversion of locally advanced colon cancer using endoscopic rendezvous technique combined with multimodal therapy—A case report and literature review","authors":"Weigao Pu ,&nbsp;Bo Xu ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Wang ,&nbsp;Guodong Sun ,&nbsp;Jingyi Jiang ,&nbsp;Jike Hu ,&nbsp;Hao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This case report explores the potential of endoscopic photodynamic therapy (PDT) to downstage locally advanced colon cancer (LACC) and enhance patient quality of life. A young female with obstructive LACC, unresponsive to CapeOX chemotherapy, underwent emergency colostomy followed by dual-route endoscopic PDT. Subsequent neoadjuvant therapy, including TAS-102, targeted agents, and immunotherapy, led to a partial tumor response. This enabled fluorescence-guided radical resection and stoma reversal. The patient achieved favorable postoperative recovery, with symptomatic relief, decreased tumor marker levels, and no evidence of disease (NED). This case demonstrates that endoscopic PDT combined with multimodal systemic therapy can facilitate successful conversion surgery and bowel function restoration in treatment-refractory LACC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 104761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144818938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What is the long-term efficacy and safety of selective laser trabeculoplasty in the management of primary open-angle glaucoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kai-Yang Chen ,&nbsp;Hoi-Chun Chan ,&nbsp;Chi-Ming Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a laser-based intervention used to lower intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). It has been adopted as both a primary and adjunctive therapy, with growing interest in its long-term outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of SLT in adult patients with POAG, with a focus on sustained IOP control, reduction in medication burden, preservation of visual function, and adverse event incidence.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and MOOSE guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251030192). A systematic literature search was performed on June 16, 2025, across PubMed, Embase, Medline, and Scopus, including all records from database inception to the search date. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting SLT outcomes with a minimum follow-up duration of 12 months were included. Primary outcomes included long-term IOP reduction and SLT failure rates. Secondary outcomes included medication use, visual field changes, and adverse events. Study quality was assessed using ROB-2 and Newcastle-Ottawa tools. Data were synthesized using random-effects models, and inter-study heterogeneity was quantified using the I² statistic.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>From 3462 identified records, 60 clinical studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 50 were included in the meta-analysis, representing a pooled sample of 8934 eyes. SLT achieved IOP reduction comparable to topical medications at 6–12 months post-treatment (mean difference: 0.04 mmHg; 95 % CI:0.27 to 0.34). Medication use significantly decreased following SLT (mean reduction:0.87 medications; 95 % CI:1.13 to –0.62). Visual field mean deviation improved by 0.79 dB (95 % CI: 0.76 to 0.82), and SLT was associated with minimal short-term IOP spikes. The health-related quality-of-life scores, as measured by EQ-5D, showed modest but consistent improvements. Risk of bias and publication bias were low in most domains.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>SLT demonstrated sustained long-term efficacy in reducing intraocular pressure and minimizing pharmacological burden in patients with POAG. It maintained visual function over extended follow-up and was associated with a favorable safety profile, including a low incidence of adverse events and IOP spikes. These findings support the use of SLT as an effective and safe long-term management option for POAG and justify its consideration as a first-line or adjunctive therapy in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 104743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in the thickness of various layers of the macular in patients with and without serum vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients without diabetic retinopathy","authors":"Xinyan Ma ,&nbsp;Hui Yang ,&nbsp;Youjin Pan ,&nbsp;Suilian Zheng ,&nbsp;Haihua Zheng ,&nbsp;Zheren Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the impact of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) on retinal and choroidal thickness (CT) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR) using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Fifty-six eyes from 56 DM-NDR patients were included and divided into two groups based on serum 25(OH)D levels: VDD Group (25(OH)<em>D</em> ≤ 20 ng/mL, <em>n</em> = 27) and non-VDD Group (25(OH)<em>D</em> &gt; 20 ng/mL, <em>n</em> = 29). Macular OCT imaging (6 × 6 mm) was performed and divided into the foveal region (0–1 mm), parafoveal region (1–3 mm), and perifoveal region (3–6 mm). The latter two zones were further subdivided into four quadrants: temporal, superior, nasal, and inferior (T, S, N, I). Retinal layer (RL), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer plus inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL), and CT were measured. Serum vitamin D levels were quantified using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant differences in RL and GCL-IPL thicknesses were observed within the foveal region, and in RNFL thickness across all quadrants in the parafoveal region (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). RL thickness showed significant differences in the superior and temporal quadrants (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). GCL-IPL thickness showed significant differences in all quadrants except the inferior quadrant (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>VDD is associated with reduced RL, RNFL and GCL-IPL thicknesses, particularly in the parafoveal region, indicating that these layers may serve as sensitive biomarkers for VDD-induced neurodegeneration in diabetic patients. Vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for the progression of DR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"56 ","pages":"Article 104757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate impact of augmented reality visual training on choroidal thickness and accommodative function: A small sample study","authors":"Guo-rui Hu ,&nbsp;Zhi-xing Xu ,&nbsp;Chang-feng Pan ,&nbsp;Zheng-yang Tao ,&nbsp;Hang Chu ,&nbsp;Zong-yue Lv ,&nbsp;Ze-feng Kang ,&nbsp;Hong-wei Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The immediate effects of augmented reality (AR) visual training on choroidal thickness (ChT) and accommodative facility (AF) remain unclear. The potential of AR technology, when combined with vision function restoration models for myopia prevention and control requires further empirical validation.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The aim of this study is to evaluate the immediate effects of a single AR visual training session, integrated with a vision function restoration model, on ChT and AF. The findings may provide evidence to support the optimization of this interdisciplinary digital therapeutic (DTx) approach and assess its potential in myopia intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty healthy volunteers aged 6 to 13 years participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to an AR group (<em>n</em> = 11) or a blank control group (<em>n</em> = 9). A prospective self-controlled design was employed to assess changes in ChT before and after training using optical coherence tomography angiography. At the same time, AF was measured both before and after the training session. The AR group underwent a single session of visual training, with post-training metrics recorded within five minutes. The blank control group rested for 30 min before remeasuring the same metrics.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following a single AR visual training session, the AR group demonstrated a significant reduction in average ChT within the 0–1 mm zone, from 332.85 ± 79.00 µm to 324.11 ± 73.52 µm (<em>p</em> = 0.007). Additionally, AF significantly increased from 5.05±1.38 cpm to 8.05 ± 1.81 cpm (<em>p</em> = 0.004). A positive correlation was observed between spherical equivalent and the change in ChT within the 0–1 mm zone (<em>r</em> = 0.962, <em>p</em> = 0.009).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A single AR visual training session combined with a vision function restoration model was associated with a short-term decrease in ChT and a significant improvement in AF. These findings indicate that the integration of AR technology with DTx holds potential as a myopia intervention strategy and highlights a novel direction for further optimization of digital therapeutics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"55 ","pages":"Article 104756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}