Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and safety evaluation of pulsed laser-activated injectable hydrogel for combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy in hypertrophic scar treatment","authors":"Xinling Zhang , Xuejie Gao , Yaqi Wei , Yi Zhang , Kun Zhang , Hongtao Chen , Lu Han , Mengxin Mu , Chendong Ji , Hongyi Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To explore the efficacy and safety of pulsed laser-activated injectable hydrogel for combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy of hypertrophic scars.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this prospective study, indocyanine green (ICG) was used as a photosensitizer combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) to prepare ICG-HA hydrogel, and its photodynamic and photothermal properties were evaluated. The ex vivo photothermal experiments were conducted to assess the thermal effects on tissue integrity as a preliminary evaluation of safety. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as the experimental cell model to evaluate the in vitro effects of ICG-HA hydrogel under different therapies. A rabbit ear scar model (<em>n</em> = 36) was established and randomly divided into 6 groups: ICG-HA hydrogels + single-pulse irradiation, single-pulse irradiation, ICG-HA hydrogels + continuous-pulse irradiation, continuous-pulse irradiation, ICG-HA hydrogels and control (<em>n</em> = 6/group). Scar characteristics were monitored at 0, 1, 3, and 5 weeks using Ultrasound Doppler, colorimetry, VSS, and SEI assessments. At 1 and 5 weeks after ICG-HA hydrogels injection, histopathological analyses (hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Masson's trichrome staining (MASSON) and CD31 immunohistochemical staining) were performed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The ICG-HA hydrogel exhibited favorable photodynamic and photothermal properties while maintaining structural integrity during laser therapy. In vitro cell experiments, using CCK-8 for metabolic activity and live/dead staining for membrane integrity, demonstrated that the combined PDT and PTT treatment significantly reduced cell metabolic activity and induced cell death compared to either PDT or PTT alone (<em>P</em> < 0.001). In the rabbit ear scar model, the VSS results showed that at 3 and 5 weeks post-treatment, both the ICG-HA hydrogels + single-pulse irradiation group and the ICG-HA hydrogels + continuous-pulse irradiation group had significantly lower VSS scores compared to the control group (<em>P</em> < 0.05), with the ICG-HA hydrogels + single-pulse irradiation group showing a more pronounced reduction (<em>P</em> < 0.01 at 3 weeks and <em>P</em> < 0.001 at 5 weeks). The similar trends were observed in the SEI scores. Colorimeter analysis revealed that, compared with the control group and the single-pulse irradiation group, the ICG-HA hydrogels + single-pulse irradiation group exhibited significantly lower color difference scores at 1, 3, and 5 weeks post-treatment (<em>P</em> < 0.001, <em>P</em> < 0.01 and <em>P</em> < 0.001, respectively). HE staining results showed that, at 1 and 5 weeks post-treatment, the ICG-HA hydrogels + single-pulse irradiation group had the most significant reduction in scar thickness compared with all other groups (<em>P</em> < 0.001). MASSON results indicated that, at 1 week post-treatment, the ICG-HA hydro","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 104647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for the treatment of basal and squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review","authors":"Nathalie C. Zeitouni ,&nbsp;Todd Schlesinger ,&nbsp;Meenal Kheterpal ,&nbsp;Puneet S. Jolly ,&nbsp;Jared Jagdeo","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is used off-label in the US to treat basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and Bowen disease (BD). We performed a systematic review to assess the efficacy and safety of published ALA-PDT protocols for these conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A PubMed search was conducted through August 8, 2024, to identify studies evaluating 10 % or 20 % ALA-PDT in BCC, SCC, and BD. Randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and case series with &gt;5 patients were included. Quality assessment was performed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-eight studies were included in the analysis (BCC, <em>n</em> = 40; SCC; <em>n</em> = 9, BD, <em>n</em> = 27). Considerable heterogeneity was observed in ALA concentration, light sources, incubation times, and pretreatment strategies, precluding a standardized synthesis of outcomes. ALA-PDT achieved high clearance rates for superficial BCC and BD, with superior cosmetic outcomes compared to surgery or cryosurgery. Studies of ALA-PDT for SCC were limited with short follow-up times. Nodular BCC and SCC lesions demonstrated lower response rates, particularly with ALA-PDT monotherapy. Recurrence rates varied widely and were highest in patients with SCC. The most frequent adverse events were erythema, pain, and scaling.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This review provides a comprehensive summary of evidence-based ALA-PDT protocols for BCC, BD, and SCC, but published protocols are heterogeneous without a clear consensus. While ALA-PDT is effective, safe, and cosmetically favorable for less invasive tumors, protocol variability underscores the need for further randomized controlled trials to determine optimal treatment parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 104649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activated melanocytes and senescent collagen fibers predict laser-treated melasma outcomes: An optical biopsy–based prospective cohort study","authors":"Yen-Jen Wang ,&nbsp;Chang-Cheng Chang ,&nbsp;Yu-Hung Wu ,&nbsp;Ling Huang ,&nbsp;I-Ling Chen ,&nbsp;Yu-Chang Shih ,&nbsp;Hsing Cheng ,&nbsp;Jia-Wei Shen ,&nbsp;Meng-En Lu ,&nbsp;Hsiu-Mei Chiang ,&nbsp;Bor-Shyh Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104648","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104648","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score only assesses the pigmentation rather than photoaging. Picosecond alexandrite laser (PAL) with diffractive lens array (DLA) can improve photoaging and has been approved for melasma treatment. Prediction for post-laser outcome is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To in vivo compare the photoaging milieu altered by a PAL with DLA in melasma lesions and adjacent perilesions, and to delineate the predictive factors for outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>An optical biopsy with cellular resolution full-field optical coherence tomography (CRFF-OCT) was set up to evaluate the dynamic changes. Quantification was performed with the computer-aided detection (CADe) system.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean MASI score decreased significantly (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) in 12 of 15 patients but increased in the other three. An optical biopsy of 74,340 images showed the numbers of activated melanocytes and melanophages were significantly reduced post laser, and the basement membrane (BM) was repaired in melasma lesions, while basal lightening was noted in perilesions. The pre-treatment presence of activated melanocytes was associated with a high regional MASI score (<em>p</em> = 0.013), while the senescent collagen fibers and activated melanocyte patterns were associated with less MASI score improvement (<em>p</em> = 0.005). Senescent collagen fibers (<em>p</em> = 0.002) and baseline BM damage(<em>p</em> = 0.001) were strongly correlated to post-treatment melanophages. The baseline MASI score was not associated with activated melanocyte status or treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Optical biopsy using CRFF-OCT revealed that patterns of activated melanocytes and senescent collagen fibers can serve as predictive markers for post-laser treatment outcomes. The photoaging characteristics of melasma were improved through the reduction of activated melanocytes and the repair of the BM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 104648"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toric intraocular lens for cataracts with asymmetric corneal astigmatism: a literature review","authors":"Yuen Tsing Adeline Ho ,&nbsp;Sunny Chi Lik Au","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 104643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal analysis for OCT-A images of central serous chorioretinopathy","authors":"Arturo Carta ,&nbsp;Angelique Donnio ,&nbsp;Stefano Dore ,&nbsp;Maurizio Fossarello ,&nbsp;Roberta Farci","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>to analyze OCT-A choriocapillary layer (CCL) images of patients affected by central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) by means of fractal analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>a case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>17 eyes of 16 patients affected by CSC were analyzed with OCT-A, and, successively, compared to 14 eyes of 8 healthy patients.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>OCT-A images were opened in Image J software (<span><span>https://imagej.nih.gov/NIH</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, Bethesda, MD, USA). Skeletonization process was applied, and subsequently, a fractal analysis was performed. Thereafter, fractal analysis by means of FracLac plugin was also realized: multifractal tool was applied. Data were then imported into Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis. An independent t-Test between cases and controls was performed. A Mann-Whitney test between cases and controls, and between fractal values and sex of the participants was also applied; Spearman test was realized between fractal variables and the age and the visual acuity, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>mean fractal dimension (FD) of cases was 1,96±0,010; mean FD of controls was 1,86±0,02. Student t-test showed a significant difference between cases and controls (p=0,052). A statistically significant (p&lt;0.05) correlation between visual acuity and mean FD (rho=0.519, p=0,033) was found. No significant correlation between age and the mean FD was found (p&gt;0.519). No significant difference between males and females was found (p=0,245).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>fractal analysis is a new, alternative method to evaluate retinal imaging in CSC, which can make a new assessment of this retinal disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 104642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cimetidine (H2 histamine antagonist), Fexofenadine (H1 histamine antagonist), and Zinc sulphate in the treatment of erythropoietic protoporphyria","authors":"Hans Christian Wulf ,&nbsp;Peter A. Philipsen ,&nbsp;Catharina M. Lerche","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) patients are deficient in the ferrochelatase enzyme which converts protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) into heme, causing PpIX to accumulate in mature erythrocytes and skin. When skin is exposed to visible light, a phototoxic reaction occurs with clinical symptoms of erythema, pain, and edema. Cimetidine (H₂ histamine antagonist) may inhibit the δ-aminolevulinic acid synthase, reducing the build-up of PpIX. Fexofenadine (H₁ histamine antagonist) may reduce histamine release and associated phototoxicity symptoms. Zinc sulphate, by inhibiting the formation of reactive oxygen species, may lessen exposure-related pain.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Thirty-two EPP patients were treated for 68 summer seasons with Cimetidine, Fexofenadine, or Zinc sulphate. Primary outcome was the effect on PpIX levels. Treatment effects were registered in a quality-of-life questionnaire, including hours spent outdoors, time to sun induced skin pain, and maximal seasonal pain compared to a control year without treatment. Sun protection habits were also investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our EPP patients had significant clinical improvement on Cimetidine or Zinc sulphate monotherapy. Fexofenadine had no significant effect. Combining Cimetidine with Zinc sulphate lowered PpIX levels by 5.7 %, and 94 % of patients taking Cimetidine and Zinc sulphate reported an 80 % increase in time spent outdoors. Time to symptom onset was prolonged by 92 %, maximal pain intensity was reduced by 29 %, and quality of life improved by 36 %.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Combination therapy with Cimetidine and Zinc sulphate is a safe, well tolerated, effective, low-cost treatment for EPP patients. Quality of life is improved, time to sun induced symptoms is prolonged, and pain is reduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral imaging combined with residual-attention-net for spectral-spatial feature fusion in liver disease diagnosis","authors":"Yunze Li ,&nbsp;Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Miaoqing Zhao ,&nbsp;Jinlin Deng ,&nbsp;Chongxuan Tian ,&nbsp;Qize Lv ,&nbsp;Yifei Liu ,&nbsp;Kun Ru ,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Distinguishing well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from cirrhosis is critical for effective treatment. However, while pathological morphology remains the gold standard, it has limitations in differentiating these two conditions. This study aims to propose a novel hyperspectral image (400–1000 nm) processing method based on 3D-Residual-attention networks (3D Ra-Net) to improve the accuracy of differentiation between the two.The study employs a 3D Ra-Net model that integrates spectral features with spatial information to enhance classification accuracy. We incorporated band selection techniques, including the Norris derivative and the Successive Projections Algorithm (SPA), and optimized the data processing workflow. Experimental performance was evaluated using cross-validation, with the primary metrics of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for statistical analysis. The experimental results demonstrate that the 3D Ra-Net model achieved a classification accuracy of 92.11 % in distinguishing well-differentiated HCC from cirrhosis. Additionally, the model achieved an accuracy of 84.67 % in distinguishing well-differentiated HCC, poorly differentiated HCC, cirrhosis, and normal liver tissue. Sensitivity and specificity values also indicated strong diagnostic performance. The key innovation of this study lies in the development of the 3D Ra-Net model and the efficient extraction of joint spatial-spectral features. This method provides a novel, effective approach for the accurate diagnosis of HCC, offering reliable potential for clinical application in liver disease diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ketorolac tromethamine on pain management in patients with condyloma acuminata treated with 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy","authors":"Xiaomeng Chen,&nbsp;Chang Liu,&nbsp;Shuanglin Cao,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104646","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Photodynamic therapy is widely used to treat condyloma acuminatum, which has the advantages of proven efficacy, low recurrence rates, and local minimally or non-invasive. However, patients often experience significant pain during the treatment. How to alleviate the pain experienced by patients during photodynamic therapy has become a key focus of current discussions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;To investigate the pain control and its safety and feasibility of ketorolac tromethamine combined with two-step irradiation in 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for the treatment of condyloma acuminatum (CA).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;A total of 92 patients were randomly assigned into the following three groups in this study. The first group, the combination group, received ketorolac tromethamine combined with the two-step irradiation (irradiation at 65 mW/cm² for 5 min, followed by 80 mW/cm² for 16 min; total energy: 96 J/cm²). The second group, the ketorolac group, received ketorolac tromethamine with irradiation at 80 mW/cm² for 20 min (96 J/cm²). The third group, the control group, used cold air analgesia with irradiation at 80 mW/cm² for 20 min (96 J/cm²). Pain scores during irradiation were recorded for all patients, using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Additionally, a questionnaire was taken to assess treatment satisfaction, pain improvement within 24 h, and any adverse reactions after therapy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;During ALA-PDT, the median pain scores at 1 min and 5 min in the combination group were lower than those in the ketorolac group and the control group (median pain scores at 1 min: 2.0, 4.0, and 4.5, respectively; at 5 min: 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0, respectively). At 10 min and at the end of the treatment, the median pain scores in the combination group and the ketorolac group were lower than those in the control group (median pain scores at 10 min: 6.0, 6.0, and 7.0, respectively; at the end of treatment: 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0, respectively). All three groups reached peak pain levels between 5 and 10 min. After irradiation, the majority of patients in the combination group and the ketorolac group experienced mild pain (VAS scores of 1–3), with most reporting pain relief within 24 h. In contrast, the majority of patients in the control group experienced significant pain (VAS scores of 4–7), with pain lasting &gt;24 h in most cases, showing a statistically significant difference (χ&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 70.925, &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.001). In terms of adverse reactions, all three groups experienced pain, with some patients also exhibiting redness and swelling, erosion, itching, scabbing, and other symptoms. And there were no statistically significant differences in adverse reactions among the three groups (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;&gt;0.05). Regarding treatment satisfaction, the vast majority of patients in the combination group reported being very satisfied (87.1 %), with no patients expressing ","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 104646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of laser therapy for infantile hemangiomas: A systematic review of clinical outcomes and treatment considerations","authors":"Alain Chaple Gil ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Caviedes ,&nbsp;Leonardo Díaz ,&nbsp;Alfredo Von Marttens ,&nbsp;Claudio Sotomayor ,&nbsp;Javier Basualdo ,&nbsp;Víctor Beltrán ,&nbsp;Gilbert Jorquera ,&nbsp;Cristian Bersezio ,&nbsp;Pablo Angel ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Cabello Ibacache ,&nbsp;Eduardo Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign vascular tumors in infancy. While many resolve spontaneously, treatment is often required due to ulceration, functional impairment, or aesthetic concerns. Laser therapy, either alone or in combination with beta-blockers, has become a central therapeutic option. However, optimal laser parameters, efficacy for different IH types, and safety remain under investigation. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness and safety of various laser treatments for IHs, focusing on lesion regression, treatment protocols, recurrence, and adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Study design/materials and methods</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Studies published up to January 2025 were included. This review included 20 studies comprising a total of 2856 patients. Included clinical studies evaluated laser therapy—alone or combined with pharmacological agents—and reported outcomes such as lesion regression, treatment duration, recurrence, and adverse effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 595-nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) was the most studied and showed high efficacy for superficial IHs, with improvement rates up to 85 %. The 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser was more effective for deeper lesions, achieving up to 87.57 % regression. Combination therapies (e.g., PDL with propranolol or timolol) yielded better outcomes than monotherapy, with higher regression and lower recurrence. Dual-wavelength approaches also showed promise. Adverse effects were generally mild and infrequent.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Laser therapy is effective and well-tolerated for IHs. PDL is preferred for superficial lesions and Nd:YAG for deeper or mixed types. Standardized protocols are needed, and further research should refine therapeutic parameters and clinical guidelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144129835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric and visual analysis of retinal fibrosis research from 1993 to 2023","authors":"Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiting Qian ,&nbsp;Yanyu Shangguan ,&nbsp;Yu Gong ,&nbsp;Yiyang Shu ,&nbsp;Yimin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Retinal fibrosis, a common pathological feature of various retinal diseases, significantly impairs vision. The mechanisms of retinal fibrosis are complex, with cytokine involvement playing a pivotal role. This article aims to elucidate the current research trends and key areas of focus in the study of retinal fibrosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Publications from “Web of Science core collection”, “PubMed” and “Scopus” were analyzed using R Studio (“Bibliometrix” and “ggplot2” packages) for publication counts, geographic distribution, and collaborations, while “CiteSpace” and “VOSviewer” visualized institutional partnerships and keyword co-occurrence. The methodology follows the PRISMA 2020 guidelines strictly.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this analysis, a total of 1985 studies were analyzed. Key topics included “vitrectomy”, “epiretinal membrane”, “optical coherence tomography (OCT)”, “macular membrane”, and “macular hole”. Keyword co-occurrence analysis emphased macular disease, fibrosis diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and prognosis across various groups with cytokines as prominent research topics. Additionally, the findings suggested future research would focus on elucidating fibrosis mechanisms, advancing diagnostic techniques, and identifying potential drug targets. The journal “<em>Retina</em>” had the highest citation count for retinal fibrosis. The United States showed the greatest collaboration in retinal fibrosis research, particularly with China.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Current retinal fibrosis research focused on OCT diagnostics, cytokine mechanisms, and associated diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and macular degeneration. Future research will explore the integration of artificial intelligence in treatment strategies and the mechanisms underlying post-anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection fibrosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"54 ","pages":"Article 104636"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}