Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Comparative analysis of recurrence rates: Day-light versus red-light photodynamic therapy in the treatment of actinic keratosis during a five-year follow-up","authors":"Peiru Wang,&nbsp;Yutong Yang,&nbsp;Yan Zhao,&nbsp;Yajin Cao,&nbsp;Zhongxia Zhou,&nbsp;Guolong Zhang,&nbsp;Linglin Zhang,&nbsp;Xiuli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Significance</h3><div>Day-light photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) was proved to be effective, better tolerated and nearly painless compared with red-light photodynamic therapy (RL-PDT) in actinic keratosis (AK) patients in China. But no study has compared the recurrence rates of these two methods.</div></div><div><h3>Approach</h3><div>A prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the recurrence rate of DL-PDT and RL-PDT during a five-year follow-up.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 55 patients were finally included, with 24 patients in the DL-PDT group and 31 patients in the RL-PDT group. The overall recurrence rate in the DL-PDT group was significantly higher than that in the RL-PDT group (62.50 % vs. 9.68 %, P&lt;0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The recurrence rate of DL-PDT was significantly higher than that of RL-PDT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104562"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ALA-PDT for a male deep urethral condyloma acuminatum","authors":"Rongjie Zuo ,&nbsp;Yimin He ,&nbsp;Huan Liu,&nbsp;Fang Wu,&nbsp;Xiuling Li,&nbsp;Hui Wan,&nbsp;Ying Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Condyloma acuminata (CA) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based photodynamic therapy has shown good efficacy in the treatment of HPV-related diseases . In recent years, the incidence of male urethral condyloma acuminata (MUCA) has been gradually increasing. However, due to its hidden and special anatomical structure, diagnosis and treatment pose a major challenge in clinical practice. In this report, photodynamic therapy combined with thulium laser achieved a sufficient effect on MUCA. We made an injector modifying a ureteral catheter to make the 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) gel reach the treatment depth in the urethra. And there was no recurrence during the 2-year follow-up period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104557"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of low-level laser therapy on temporomandibular disorders. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials","authors":"Leonardo Díaz ,&nbsp;Lukas Restelli ,&nbsp;Emilia Valencia ,&nbsp;Damla Ilhan Atalay ,&nbsp;José Manuel Abarca ,&nbsp;Alain Chalple Gil ,&nbsp;Eduardo Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of LLLT in the management of TMD, focusing on its impact on pain reduction and functional improvement. Additionally, this review sought to identify the most effective laser parameters (wavelength, energy density, and duration of therapy) and compare LLLT outcomes with conventional treatment modalities.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases until December 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated LLLT's effects on pain (via Visual Analog Scale) and vertical aperture (VA) were included. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane's RoB 2 tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This systematic review analyzed 44 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) with 1,816 participants, confirming that low-level laser therapy (LLLT) significantly reduces pain intensity (60–70 % decrease on the Visual Analog Scale) and improves mandibular function (10–20 % increase in maximum mouth opening). The most effective laser wavelengths ranged from 810 to 940 nm, with energy densities of 3–12 J/cm². Longer treatment durations (&gt;4 weeks) provided more sustained benefits. Compared to occlusal splints, NSAIDs, and TENS, LLLT showed superior or comparable pain relief with fewer side effects. However, variability in laser parameters and protocols remains a limitation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>LLLT is a safe and effective non-invasive treatment for TMD, offering substantial benefits in pain management and functional recovery. Standardized protocols based on optimized dosimetry are needed to enhance clinical outcomes further.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on \"Basal Cell Carcinoma Arising Within Nevus Sebaceous on the Right Scalp in a 55-Year-Old Male: A case report and review of literature\"","authors":"Yanliang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104560"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for Olsen Grade 3 actinic keratosis: A prospective cohort study","authors":"Qinyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Jing Luan ,&nbsp;Ying Tang ,&nbsp;Wenjuan Ma ,&nbsp;Wenyu Wu ,&nbsp;Shujun Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Actinic keratosis (AK) is a common cutaneous keratinocyte dysplasia categorized by the Olsen Grade (OG) 1–3. OG 3 AK, which has a higher risk of progressing to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), presents treatment challenges. While 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is effective for non-hyperkeratotic AK (OG 1–2), its efficacy for OG 3 AK remains debated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ALA-PDT for the treatment of OG 3 AK, this single-center prospective cohort study included 127 patients with histopathologically confirmed AK, grouped by the Olsen grading (OG 3, <em>n</em> = 33; OG 1 or 2, <em>n</em> = 94). All patients received four sessions of ALA-PDT and were followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome was initial complete clearance (CC) at 3 months, while sustained CC at 12 months was the secondary outcome. Safety was assessed throughout the study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The initial CC rates were 87.88 % (29/33) for the OG 3 group and 92.55 % (87/94) for the OG 1/2 group. The sustained CC rates at 12 months were 89.66 % (26/29) and 86.21 % (75/87) for the OG 3 and OG 1/2 groups, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the two groups for either initial CC or sustained CC rates (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05). Adverse events were mostly mild and transient, though long-lasting erythema at 12 months was more common in the OG 3 group compared with the OG 1/2 group (23.08 % vs. 5.33 %, <em>p</em> = 0.01).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ALA-PDT demonstrates favorable efficacy and safety profile for OG 3 AK, supporting ALA-PDT as a valuable non-invasive treatment option for OG 3 AK.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of Raman Spectroscopy in biopsy tissue for rapid diagnosis of Tracheobronchial Tuberculosis: A prospective study","authors":"Qin Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingming Deng ,&nbsp;Qian Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhou ,&nbsp;Yu Guo ,&nbsp;Yuexiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yinghui Fu ,&nbsp;Jasmine Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuo Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB) is a specific form of pulmonary tuberculosis characterized by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> involvement in the tracheobronchial tree. Rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for TBTB are crucial. Raman spectroscopy (RS) is a noninvasive tool that accesses molecular vibrations and sample characteristics, enabling the creation of a molecular fingerprint of biological samples, which has enormous potential on clinical diagnosis for TBTB. This study aimed to develop and validate a diagnostic model based on RS in bronchial biopsies for identifying TBTB. The training set included patients with TBTB (<em>n</em> = 18), airway malignant diseases (<em>n</em> = 20), and normal mucosal tissue biopsies as the healthy controls (<em>n</em> = 20). The spectral analysis results indicated that differential changes in tissue biomolecules, particularly certain amino acids, among the three groups. K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA), principal component analysis-support vector machine (PCA-SVM) and decision tree methods were implemented to classify this same spectral data set. The PCA-SVM method exhibited highest classification accuracy, with a sensitivity of 88.89 % and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.919. Subsequently, an independent validation set comprising 121 patients with suspected TBTB was enrolled to evaluate the performance of RS model using the PCA-SVM method. The sensitivity of RS model was 87.69 % (57/65) for diagnosing TBTB, higher than that of sputum smear, bronchial brush smear, the Bactec MGIT 960 Culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and comparable to GeneXpert sensitivity. In conclusion, the RS model using bronchial tissue provides a rapid and accurate method of identifying TBTB, showing potential as a powerful noninvasive tool for TBTB diagnosis under bronchoscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104556"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodynamic therapy combined with curettage for actinic keratosis on the face and scalp: An efficient treatment for field cancerization of the skin","authors":"Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Tian Wang ,&nbsp;Wenna Lu ,&nbsp;Ruixue Chang ,&nbsp;Yuanjing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Actinic keratosis (AK) frequently manifests as multiple regional lesions on the exposed areas of the face and scalp. The simultaneous treatment of extensive lesions with varying degrees poses a significant challenge.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the efficacy and patient satisfaction of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) photodynamic therapy (PDT) combined with curettage in managing extensive AK on the face and scalp.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with AK on the face and scalp treated at the dermatology department of a large hospital in a central Chinese city from 2020 to 2024. Each patient was histopathologically confirmed, exhibited a large lesion area exceeding 10 cm², and demonstrated evident field cancerization. All patients underwent curettage followed by 5-ALA PDT. During a 6-month follow-up, patient self-assessment and physician evaluations were conducted to systematically assess the treatment's efficacy, satisfaction, and adverse reactions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty-six patients (38 females, 18 males) with a mean age of 76.26±9.16 years were included. Significant improvement in skin was observed, with the lesion count decreasing from 12.33±9.09 pretreatment to 1.98±1.50 post-treatment. Pain scores (VAS) decreased from 2.89±2.20 to 0.75±1.03, pruritus scores (NAS) from 2.46±0.95 to 0.51±0.73, and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) scores from 9.12±4.46 to 2.59±2.17. The primary adverse effect was pain during PDT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Curettage combined with 5-ALA PDT is an efficacious, safe, and efficient treatment for field cancerization of extensive AK on the face and scalp, warranting its promotion in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: Exploratory subject-based analysis in a prospective, single-arm, multicenter phase III trial","authors":"Rikiya Taoka ,&nbsp;Hideo Fukuhara ,&nbsp;Makito Miyake ,&nbsp;Keita Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Atsushi Ikeda ,&nbsp;Kent Kanao ,&nbsp;Yoshinobu Komai ,&nbsp;Ryo Fujiwara ,&nbsp;Yusuke Sato ,&nbsp;Mikio Sugimoto ,&nbsp;Toyonori Tsuzuki ,&nbsp;Kiyohide Fujimoto ,&nbsp;Keiji Inoue ,&nbsp;Mototsugu Oya","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This analysis utilized a subject-based analysis of data from the prospective single-arm phase III trial (jRCT2061210055) to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) when 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) was administered 4–8 h before transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study evaluated 144 patients suspected of having non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), including 127 with NMIBC (38 patients had normal-to-flat-appearing cancer) and 17 without cancer. The diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility of blue light (BL) during TURBT were assessed for each patient and compared with those of white light (WL).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Subject-based analysis revealed that WL alone missed tumor lesions in 33.1 % of patients, whereas BL alone missed 3.1 % in a biopsy-based analysis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). WL alone failed to diagnose NMIBC in 4.7 % of patients, while BL missed 1.6 %. Adding BL to WL led to an upgrade of NMIBC risk classification in 12 of 127 patients (9.4 %), including 5 upgraded to high-risk and 4 to highest-risk categories.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study is the first to demonstrate that PDD's efficacy is maintained up to 8 h after oral 5-ALA administration and indicates that PDD improves the detection rate of bladder cancer, potentially optimizing risk stratification and offering optimal additional treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photodiagnosis with deep learning: A GAN and autoencoder-based approach for diabetic retinopathy detection","authors":"Kerem GENCER ,&nbsp;Gülcan GENCER ,&nbsp;Tuğçe Horozoğlu CERAN ,&nbsp;Aynur ER BİLİR ,&nbsp;Mustafa DOĞAN","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness worldwide, necessitating early detection and accurate diagnosis. This study proposes a novel framework integrating Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) for data augmentation, denoising autoencoders for noise reduction, and transfer learning with EfficientNetB0 to enhance the performance of DR classification models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>GANs were employed to generate high-quality synthetic retinal images, effectively addressing class imbalance and enriching the training dataset. Denoising autoencoders further improved image quality by reducing noise and eliminating common artifacts such as speckle noise, motion blur, and illumination inconsistencies, providing clean and consistent inputs for the classification model. EfficientNetB0 was fine-tuned on the augmented and denoised dataset.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The framework achieved exceptional classification metrics, including 99.00 % accuracy, recall, and specificity, surpassing state-of-the-art methods. The study employed a custom-curated OCT dataset featuring high-resolution and clinically relevant images, addressing challenges such as limited annotated data and noisy inputs.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Unlike existing studies, our work uniquely integrates GANs, autoencoders, and EfficientNetB0, demonstrating the robustness, scalability, and clinical potential of the proposed framework. Future directions include integrating interpretability tools to enhance clinical adoption and exploring additional imaging modalities to further improve generalizability. This study highlights the transformative potential of deep learning in addressing critical challenges in diabetic retinopathy diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly malignant tumor cells accumulate less PpIX and enhanced cell dormancy increases PpIX accumulation","authors":"Saki Kasai ,&nbsp;Anantya Pustimbara ,&nbsp;Ganesan Daneshwaran ,&nbsp;Kiwamu Takahashi ,&nbsp;Motowo Nakajima ,&nbsp;Hideo Fukuhara ,&nbsp;Shinkuro Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Keiji Inoue ,&nbsp;Shun-ichiro Ogura","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2025.104551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic diagnosis (ALA-PDD) is a method for real-time diagnosis of cancer areas based on the specific accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in tumor cells following ALA administration and subsequent detection using fluorescence. However, its effectiveness is limited due to false negatives caused by tumor cells accumulating low amounts of PpIX after ALA administration. In order to increase the detection sensitivity of ALA-PDD, it is important to understand the characteristics of cells with low or high PpIX accumulation. This research sought to determine the factors affecting ALA-induced PpIX accumulation in tumor cells</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Tumor cells were separated into two groups according to PpIX accumulation levels using FACS and the cellular characteristics were compared.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The data of expression of RANKL, a tumor malignancy marker, showed that tumor cells with low PpIX accumulation are more malignant. Results also showed marked differences in PpIX efflux transporter activity and the extent to which iron atoms are being inserted into the porphyrin ring, resulting in loss of fluorescence. Interestingly, it was found tumor cells with high PpIX accumulation are in dormant state as indicated by low proliferation and suppression of glucose metabolism.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Tumor cells with low PpIX accumulation are characterized as high tumor grade and low cell dormancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":"53 ","pages":"Article 104551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}