Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the therapeutic effects of photodynamic therapy in vulvar lichen sclerosus and impact on patient quality of life and sexual funtion","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104226","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104226","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is often associated with irritable symptoms of itching, burning pain and can lead to scarring, architectural changes and sexual dysfunction as well as a decline in quality of life. The etiology of the disease is unknown. This study sought to assess the therapeutic effects of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) in VLS, and improvment of patient quality of life and sexual funtion.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>From January 2022 to April 2023, a total of 65 patients with vulvar sclerosus (VLS) were treated with PDT in our hospital. All 65 patients were divided into two groups: early-stage group and late-stage group. The Cattaneo scoring method, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores were used to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the treatment on patients’ symptoms and clincal signs, quality of life as well as sexual function before and at 6-month after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The total effective rate of early-stage patients was significantly greater than that of late-stage patients at 6-month after PDT treatment (90.91 % [40/44] vs 76.19 % [16/21], <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). At 6-month follow-up, the symptoms and clinical signs of patients in early-stage group were significantly improved compared with baseline, the average scores of itching, skin elasticity, whitening and lesion range were significantly lower than the scores before treatment (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In late-stage group, The decrease in scores of itching, whitening and lesion range at the 6-months follow-up is significant(<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), but skin elasticity (<em>p</em> = 0.0625). On post-treatment follow-up examination, FSFI score was seen to have significantly improved in early-stage patients(from a median score of 17.45 to 21.1, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05); DLQI also significantly improved after treatment (from a median score of 7 to 4, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In late stage patients, The DLQI score improved significantly after treatment (from a median score of 18 to 15, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). However, the improvement in sexual function is not statistically significant (pre-treatment: median=10.55, post-treatment: median=10, <em>p</em> = 0.1865).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Photodynamic therapy can effectively improve most symptoms and clinical signs, as well as quality of life of patients with VLS, especially for earlly stage patients. Moreover, improvement in sexual function is observed in early stage patients after PDT treatment. This study suggests that early and timely PDT treatment are recommended to achieve better results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical trial of two-step photodynamic therapy for reduced pain in the treatment of precancerous squamous lesions (Actinic keratoses)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pain associated with aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) for the treatment of facial dermatoses results in low patient compliance. Two-step photodynamic therapy (two-step PDT) may improve comfort by optimizing light amplitude and exposure time.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the efficacy of two-step PDT in reducing the pain generated during the treatment of facial skin disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-six patients with AK were randomly divided into two groups; the experimental group was treated with two-step photodynamic therapy and the control group was treated with conventional photodynamic therapy. The pain intensity of the patients at different times was assessed using the pain numerical rating scale (NRS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 26 patients completed three ALA-PDT treatments, 13 and 13 patients in each group, respectively. The mean NRS scores of patients in the experimental group (3.28±1.41, 3.33±1.43, 3.42±1.78) were lower than those of the control group (5.00±1.94, 5.09±1.86, 4.86±1.64) on each occasion. The incidence of certain adverse reactions was lower in the experimental group than in the control group. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of clinical outcome, recurrence rate and patient satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Two-step photodynamic therapy can reduce pain and the incidence of some adverse reactions, but does not affect clinical efficacy, recurrence rate and patient satisfaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141790715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lack of causal link between myopia and intraocular pressure: Insights from cross-sectional analysis and Mendelian randomization study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104334","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to explore the potential causal relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and myopia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study included 3,459 patients who underwent corneal refractive surgery at our institution between 2021 and 2023. Preoperative data on IOP, spherical equivalent (SE), axial length (AL), and corneal thickness (CCT) were collected. The association between IOP and myopia was investigated through rank correlation analysis, and causal inference was examined using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods, including MR-Egger, weighted median, mode-based estimation, simple mode, and inverse variance weighted (IVW) approaches. Utilizing summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), IOP was considered as the exposure, with myopia as the outcome variable. IVW method was employed for the primary analysis, supplemented by sensitivity analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cross-sectional analysis revealed a non-significant association between corrected IOP (cIOP) and myopia (r = -0.019, <em>P</em> = 0.12). MR analysis indicated a non-significant genetic causal relationship between cIOP and myopia under the IVW method (OR = 1.001; 95 % CI [0.999–1.003], <em>P</em> = 0.22), a finding corroborated in replication samples (OR = 0.98; 95 % CI [0.96–1.00], <em>P</em> = 0.099).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study did not find a direct causal link between IOP and the development of myopia. These findings challenge the traditional role attributed to IOP in the progression of myopia and highlight the complex, multifactorial process of myopia development. This provides a new perspective on understanding the intricate mechanisms behind myopia progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003715/pdfft?md5=021283b59a1dd607f1709ceaf355619e&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003715-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinatory effect of ALA-PDT and itraconazole in the treatment of cutaneous protothecosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>As a rare subcutaneous infection, protothecosis is easily misdiagnosed. Similar to other subcutaneous infection, there is no unified standard for treatment, for cases not suitable for surgery, clinicians often use antifungal drugs based on their experience, and the course of treatment varies from several months to several years. Based on the fact that there are few relevant materials and researches on photodynamic therapy (PDT), we conducted a study based on a clinical case that used oral itraconazole combined with 5-aminolevylinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) to treat a patient with cutaneous protothecosis caused by <em>Prototheca wicherhamii.</em></div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Different concentrations of ALA and different light doses were used to investigate the effects of ALA-PDT on the growth inhibition of <em>P. wickerhamii in vitro</em> with Colony-counting Methods. And we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to visualize the structural changes and the effects of ALA-PDT treating on cellular structures of the <em>P. wickerhamii</em>. Futher, we performed the susceptibility test of <em>P. wickerhamii</em> to itraconazole before and after ALA-PDT <em>in vitro</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We have successfully treated a patient with cutaneous protothecosis caused by <em>P. wickerhamii</em> by using combination therapy in a total of 9-week course of treatment. <em>In vitro</em>, ALA-PDT can inhibit the growth of <em>P. wickerhamii</em> when the ALA concentration was 5 mg/mL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.01), and this effect became stronger as the concentration of ALA or light dose is increased. Using TEM, we confirmed that ALA-PDT can disrupt the cell wall structure and partition structure of <em>P. wickerhamii</em>, which may contribute to its inhibitory effect. Further studies showed that the MIC of itraconazole for <em>P. wickerhamii</em> was decreased after ALA-PDT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>ALA-PDT combined with oral itraconazole can be used to treat cutaneous protothecosis. Accordingly, ALA-PDT can destroy the cell wall and partition structure of <em>P. wickerhamii</em> leading to an inhibitory effect on it <em>in vitro</em>, and the effect is enhanced with the increase of ALA concentration and light dose. Also, the sensitivity of <em>P. wickerhamii</em> to itraconazole is observed increased after ALA-PDT. So our study provides a theoretical basis for the promising treatment against cutaneus protothecosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003697/pdfft?md5=95838246e1a3447fc54e73c8bd0d015f&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003697-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142305120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of AI-enhanced non-mydriatic fundus photography for diabetic retinopathy screening","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104331","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104331","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the feasibility of using non-mydriatic fundus photography in conjunction with an artificial intelligence (AI) reading platform for large-scale screening of diabetic retinopathy (DR).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we selected 120 patients with diabetes hospitalized in our institution from December 2019 to April 2021. Retinal imaging of 240 eyes was obtained using non-mydriatic fundus photography. The fundus images of these patients were divided into two groups based on different interpretation methods. In Experiment Group 1, the images were analyzed and graded for DR diagnosis using an AI reading platform. In Experiment Group 2, the images were analyzed and graded for DR diagnosis by an associate chief physician in ophthalmology, specializing in fundus diseases. Concurrently, all patients underwent the gold standard for DR diagnosis and grading—fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA)—with the outcomes serving as the Control Group. The diagnostic value of the two methods was assessed by comparing the results of Experiment Groups 1 and 2 with those of the Control Group.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Keeping the control group (FFA results) as the gold standard, no significant differences were observed between the two experimental groups regarding diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, false positive rate, false negative rate, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, Youden's index, Kappa value, and diagnostic accuracy (X² = 0.371, <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Compared with the manual reading group, the AI reading group revealed no significant differences across all diagnostic indicators, exhibiting high sensitivity and specificity, as well as a relatively high positive predictive value. Additionally, it demonstrated a high level of diagnostic consistency with the gold standard. This technology holds potential for suitability in large-scale screening of DR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003685/pdfft?md5=c42f9624f76d9fea4abb28f781b329be&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003685-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy is a safe and effective treatment for female patients with intractable vulvar lichen sclerosus","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Female vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the vulva and its etiology is unknown. The main clinical symptoms are itching, burning and dyspareunia, and there is a lack of effective treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Clinical and follow-up data of women with VLS who underwent 5-Aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) from January 2023 to December 2023 in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 patients with VLS who received ineffective conventional treatment (intractable VLS) were enrolled. Objective signs and subjective symptoms of vulvar lesions were recorded before treatment and 6 months after the end of treatment according to corresponding scoring criteria. Quality of life was evaluated using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All patients received six sessions of ALA-PDT treatment and follow-up visits. After ALA-PDT treatment, 24 of 36 (66.67 %) patients' itching symptoms completely disappeared, 10 of 36 (27.78 %) patients' itching symptoms were relieved from severe to mild, and only 2 of 36 (5.56 %) patients' symptoms were not significantly relieved. 16 of 36 (44.4 %) patients' itching symptoms completely disappeared, 9 of 36 (25 %) patients' itching symptoms were relieved from severe to mild, and only 2 of 36 (5.56 %) patients still had severe pain. Compared to 22 patients with dyspareunia before treatment, only 9 patients still had dyspareunia with varying degrees of dyspareunia relief after treatment. Clinical signs improved significantly in the patients after ALA-PDT treatment. The total scores of clinical signs were (5.31 ± 1.67 vs 3.67 ± 1.71) before and after treatment. All patients showed improvement in DLQI after treatment. The main side effects of ALA-PDT were pain, erythema and swelling which were transient and tolerable. All patients were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the results of the treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ALA-PDT is a safe and effective treatment for women with intractable vulva lichen sclerosus.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003673/pdfft?md5=1a88474c938a36c151fce7096d4d5faf&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003673-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of blue laser and red light-emitting diode-mediated aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy for moderate and severe acne vulgaris: A prospective, split-face, nonrandomized controlled study","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a highly effective and safe drug-device combination treatment, typically using red and blue light. However, direct comparisons of aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-based PDT using these two light sources are lacking. Therefore, we compared the efficacy and adverse effects of ALA-based 450 nm blue laser-mediated PDT (BL-PDT) and 630 ± 10 nm red light-emitting diode-mediated PDT (RL-PDT) in the treatment of moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris, including analyses of different lesion types.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Sixteen patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris were recruited. All patients underwent BL-PDT on the left side of the face and RL-PDT on the right side. Treatments were administered thrice at 2-week intervals, and follow-up continued for 2 weeks after the final treatment. The average rates of improvement in inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions, IGA (Investigator's Global Assessment) scales, and IGA success rates were calculated. In addition, adverse effects during and after each treatment were recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At the 2-week follow-up after the final treatment, the average rates of improvement in total acne, inflammatory, and non-inflammatory lesions were 48.0 %, 63.0 %, and 30.0 % in the BL-PDT group and 42.2 %, 58.1 %, and 27.5 % in the RL-PDT group, respectively. The IGA scores for the two groups decreased by 1.8 and 1.7 points, respectively, and the IGA success rate was 53.3 % in both groups. There were no significant differences between the BL-PDT and RL-PDT groups in any measure of effectiveness. However, the BL-PDT group exhibited more severe adverse effects, especially pain and hyperpigmentation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>BL-PDT and RL-PDT have similar efficacies in moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris and are particularly effective for inflammatory acne lesions. RL-PDT benefits from milder adverse effects than those of BL-PDT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003624/pdfft?md5=369c4e243a442815e44d148be5c89b32&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003624-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancies in choroidal thickness and brolucizumab intravitreal injection: Cause or effect of intraocular inflammation?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104328","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S157210002400365X/pdfft?md5=d630cabcf7d4ffa1c4e92822ac635d88&pid=1-s2.0-S157210002400365X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142157076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor re Open Access","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003636/pdfft?md5=63f9c4c093d8a04b94a0367ea22a9ca5&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003636-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple PDT sessions with chlorin-e6 and LL-37 loaded-nanoemulsion provide limited benefits to periodontitis in rats","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pdpdt.2024.104329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The combination of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and LL-37 has never been tested in an animal study and our research team background suggests this strategy might be a promising alternative to intensify periodontitis resolution. This study aimed to assess the effects of multiple sessions of PDT with chlorin-e6 conjugated to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 loaded nanoemulsion, as adjunctive therapy in experimental periodontitis in rats.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Experimental periodontitis was induced in 81 rats. After disease establishment, animals were assigned to three groups: SRP (scaling and root planning); SRP + 1PDT, SRP followed by a single PDT session; SRP + 4PDT (<em>n</em> = 27), SRP followed by four PDT sessions at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h after SRP. Animals were subjected to euthanasia at 7, 14 and 28 days, and samples were submitted to osteoclast quantification, immunological and microtomography analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>All treatments resulted in significant periodontal improvements and there was no significant difference between the groups in both local inflammatory response and healing process. Minimal adjunctive effects could be found for the combined therapy in terms of cytokine levels (IL-1β and IL-10), with no statistical significance. However, the number of TRAP-positive osteoclasts per mm of alveolar bone linear surface for the group treated with PDT sessions was significantly lower than those treated with SRP only.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Multiple PDT sessions with chlorin-e6 and LL-37 nanoemulsion as an adjunct to scaling and root planning reduced the presence of osteoclast in the local site but did not contribute towards bone regeneration and IL-1β and IL-10 levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20141,"journal":{"name":"Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1572100024003661/pdfft?md5=ce113053b350739c6fedb8f6826958d2&pid=1-s2.0-S1572100024003661-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142147244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}