PharmaNutrition最新文献

{"title":"A specific combination of nutraceutical Ingredients exerts cytoprotective effects in human cholinergic neurons","authors":"Elisa Zappelli ,&nbsp;Simona Daniele ,&nbsp;Matteo Vergassola ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Ceccarelli ,&nbsp;Elisa Chelucci ,&nbsp;Giorgina Mangano ,&nbsp;Lucia Durando ,&nbsp;Lorella Ragni ,&nbsp;Claudia Martini","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span><span><span>Brain aging is associated with an excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation that causes cell injury through proteins oxidation and DNA damage. These changes have been identified as contributing factors in age-related memory decline. In this sense, </span>treatments able to protect </span>central nervous system (CNS) from </span>oxidative stress<span> and to sustain membrane plasticity, may represent new candidates to counter the development of aging effects. Several studies have indicated vitamin E<span>, folic acid, magnesium and omega-3 as </span></span></span>nutraceuticals protecting CNS from oxidative stress.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>A specific association of these active nutrients was tested in human cholinergic neurons, chosen as a </span>cellular model<span> related to learning and memory processes. Cortisol was used as an oxidative stress insult to explore the beneficial properties of the nutraceuticals.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In summary, the specific ratio of active ingredients in the above selected food<span> supplement prevented the decrease in ATP content and in cell viability exerted by cortisol. At the same time, it prevented ROS formation, DNA damage, autophagy processes and decrease in the expression of cellular well-being genes induced by cell treatment with cortisol. The effects on ATP content, ROS formation and cellular viability were evidenced when the nutraceutical mix when administered following cortisol treatment, too. Notably, these peculiar evidences were significantly higher with respect to those elicited by the single components of the food supplement.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Overall, these results confirm the beneficial effects of the simultaneous administration of vitamin E, folic acid, magnesium and omega-3.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47177736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of curcumin on endothelial function in humans and their proposed physiological mechanism: Insights in formulating curcumin products supplementation","authors":"Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Thiago Silveira Alvares","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Curcumin, a polyphenolic </span>curcuminoid from </span>Curcuma longa<span> L. root and rhizome<span><span>, presents a positive effect on cardiovascular disease. Since endothelial dysfunction precedes cardiovascular disease, many studies have suggested curcumin supplementation to improve </span>endothelial function<span>. However, the mechanisms by which curcumin can enhance endothelial function are poorly explored. Furthermore, formulated curcumin products have been utilized to improve curcumin bioavailability, which can have an additional impact on human health. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the current evidence showing the effect of curcumin on endothelial function in humans, exploring the mechanisms by which curcumin can improve endothelial function. In addition, we discuss whether formulated curcumin products could generate a more robust impact on endothelial function than non-formulated curcumin.</span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Research articles were retrieved based on a search of the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar using the following keywords and synonyms combined: (“curcumin” or “turmeric” or “curcuma” or “<em>Curcuma longa</em>” or “<span><em>curcuma</em><em> domestica</em></span>”) AND (“endothelial function” or “vascular function” or “nitric oxide”).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Curcumin supplementation seems to improve endothelial function in humans. Such effects can be attributed to curcumin's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and the regulation of adhesion molecule levels, all of which can increase NO bioavailability.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Curcumin supplementation has been demonstrated to improve endothelial function, but the current data is insufficient to determine whether the delivery methods enhance such effects. Therefore, future studies investigating the impact of curcumin formulations on endothelial function are warranted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45478827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of intestinal immune cell responses by eubiotic or dysbiotic microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases","authors":"Federica Facciotti","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span><span>Alterations of the gut microbiota<span> have been linked to aberrant mucosal immune responses, leading to different intestinal and extraintestinal disorders, including </span></span>inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in genetically susceptible hosts. Thus, restoration of immune </span>homeostasis<span> through the manipulation of the gut microbiota is now considered a possible therapeutic approach to treat IBD patients. Management of IBD patients is currently including the customization of microbe-targeted therapies, such as antibiotics, </span></span>prebiotics<span>, live biotherapeutics and faecal microbiota transplantation. In this narrative review, we will discuss recent advancements in the understanding of host-microbes interactions in IBD and the basis to promote homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We interrogated with no limit of publication time, the PubMed and Scopus databases using the following keywords: microbiota, inflammatory bowel diseases, IBD, immune system, microbe-targeted therapies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Therapeutic restoration of homeostatic immune function in IBD patients currently include the manipulation of the gut microbiota through antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, and faecal microbiota transplantation. Nonetheless, differences in efficacy has been reported according to existing microbe-targeted therapies, opening the venue for the search of novel approaches such as </span>phage therapies and combinatorial therapies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota have been implicated in a wide variety of pathologies, including IBD. Microbiome-modulating therapies have proven promising treatments<span> targeting inflammation by modulating the microbiota to correct patients’ dysbiosis, normalize immune system responses and repair epithelial barrier deficiencies.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43298411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"10-Hydroxy-2-decenoic acid-derived aldehydes attenuate anaphylactic hypothermia in vivo","authors":"Akira Sato ,&nbsp;Takahiro Fukase ,&nbsp;Keiichi Ebina","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A royal jelly-derived unique fatty acid, 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid (10-HDA), attenuates anaphylactic hypothermia by inhibiting the bioactivities of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and histamine, which are known mediators of anaphylaxis in vivo. Here, we investigated the effects of 10-HDA and its two metabolites, 2-decenedioic acid (2-DA) and 3-hydroxysebacic acid (3-HSA), on anaphylactic hypothermia targeting PAF and histamine in vivo.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The effects of 10-HDA and its metabolites on the bioactivities of PAF and histamine, and anaphylactic hypothermia were evaluated in a rat hind paw edema model and an anaphylactic mouse model.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>The metabolites, 2-DA and 3-HSA, barely inhibited histamine- and PAF-induced paw edema in rats. Oral ingestion<span> of 10-HDA (0.002 % and 0.02 %) with food<span> attenuated anaphylactic hypothermia in a dose-dependent manner, whereas intraperitoneal injection<span> of 2-DA or 3-HSA did not inhibit hypothermia. 4-Methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, which converts 10-HDA to its aldehydes, 10-oxo-decenoic acid (10-ODA) and 10-oxo-3-hydroxysebacic acid (10-OHSA), inhibited 10-HDA-induced attenuation of anaphylactic hypothermia. In contrast, </span></span></span></span>cyanamide, an inhibitor of </span>aldehyde dehydrogenase, which converts 10-ODA and 10-OHSA to 2-DA and 3-HSA enhanced the attenuation effect of 10-HDA.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results suggest that 10-HDA-derived aldehydes, 10-ODA and 10-OHSA, may play a key role in the attenuation of anaphylactic hypothermia in vivo.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45678003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral administration of lithium chloride ameliorate spinal cord injury-induced hyperalgesia in male rats","authors":"Golnoosh Rahimi ,&nbsp;Sara Mirsadeghi ,&nbsp;Saeid Rahmani ,&nbsp;Amin Izadi ,&nbsp;Zahra Ghodsi ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi ,&nbsp;Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar ,&nbsp;Sahar Kiani","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Numerous studies have described the neuroprotective<span> effect of lithium in spinal cord injury in addition to its ameliorative impact on </span></span>pain sensation<span>. In the present study, we aim to examine the efficacy of 85 mg/kg as well as 50 mg/kg dosage of the lithium chloride (LiCl) through oral consumption in spinal cord injured rats and their effect on gene expression of three candidate genes, corresponding to the hyper-sensitization.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span><span>Adult Wistar (male) rats were divided into four experimental groups: control; oral administration of LiCl with 85 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg dosage; and 10 % </span>sucrose<span> receiver as the vehicle. BBB and heat plantar tests were performed weekly throughout four weeks to evaluate motor improvement and neuropathic pain amelioration, i.e., the alleviation in </span></span>hyperalgesia. Then, the expression pattern of </span><em>Kcnd2</em>, <em>ERK</em> and <em>Gria2</em> genes were assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The BBB results demonstrated that LiCl with both dosages does not allow remarkable improvement in motor function during four weeks of treatment. The heat plantar tests show substantial recovery in LiCl treated groups versus vehicle and control after four weeks of evaluation. According to Real-time PCR</span><em>, Kcnd2</em> and <em>Gria2</em> were up-regulated in the presence of lithium in a dose-dependent manner while <em>ERK</em> expression was not differed remarkably.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span>Our results suggested that LiCl allows hyperalgesia palliation<span>, however, did not reinforce persistent motor improvement. Also, oral lithium consumption with 50 mg/kg concentration, entails considerable restoration in gene expression level of </span></span><em>Kcnd2</em> and <em>Gria2</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45987780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine intake increases countermovement jump performance in well-trained high jumpers","authors":"Ana C. Santos-Mariano ,&nbsp;Gislaine Cristina-Souza ,&nbsp;Pâmela Souza Santos ,&nbsp;Pablo Ramon Domingos ,&nbsp;Pedro De-Oliveira ,&nbsp;Romulo Bertuzzi ,&nbsp;Cintia Rodacki ,&nbsp;Adriano E. Lima-Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Caffeine (CAF) has been shown to be an efficient ergogenic in improving the performance of countermovement jump tests (CMJ). However, it has not been evaluated whether this improvement reproduces itself in well-trained high jumpers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>To determine the effect of caffeine ingestion<span> on CMJ performance, eight (5 men and 3 women) well-trained high-jumpers performed three CMJ one hour after the ingestion of cellulose (PLA) or CAF (5 mg.kg</span></span>⁻¹<span> body mass). The kinematic and kinetic parameters obtained during the CMJ were recorded using a force platform.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Compared with the PLA, CAF increased CMJ height (+11.74 ± 12.78%, P = 0.040), peak power (+8.75 ± 7.74%, P = 0.012), peak velocity (+5.55 ± 6.11%, P = 0.038), and velocity at peak power (+5.92 ± 6.91%, P = 0.051). CAF intake had no influence on contact time (P = 0.751), peak force (P = 0.920), rate of force development (P = 0.546), and GRF at peak power (P = 0.155). The percentage gain in jump height with CAF ingestion was significantly correlated with the percentage gain in peak power (P = 0.006) and velocity at peak power (P = 0.001), but not with the percentage gain in GRF at peak power (P = 0.835).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CAF ingestion improves jumping performance during a CMJ in well-trained high jumpers, probably due to gains in jump velocity. Considering the difficulties of improving performance in well-trained athletes, our findings suggest that CAF is a powerful ergogenic supplement for this population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46997683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antidiabetogenic mechanisms of probiotic action in food matrices: A review","authors":"Vanessa Moraes Ramalho Castro,&nbsp;Rosa Helena Luchese","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Disturbances in the gut microbiome<span><span> can lead to increased intestinal permeability and immune response, and consequently to the onset of diabetes. </span>Fermented foods<span> contain lactic acid bacteria and bioactive metabolites, the postbiotics, such as </span></span></span>exopolysaccharides<span> and peptides, that have the potential to exert a wide range of metabolic functions and influencing gene expression related to glucose and insulin metabolism. This review discusses the potential therapeutic effects of probiotics in diabetes, in addition to a balanced diet with a focus on dairy.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Articles were found by using a combination of keyword searches in the Scopus and Science Direct databases. Were selected preferably the articles from the last seven years and 16 of them have been compiled to allow for further discussion about the mechanisms of antidiabetogenic activity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>The main findings from the administration of probiotics in the treatment of diabetes were: decreased insulin resistance, decreased </span>plasma glucose<span><span>, reduced intestinal permeability, decreased absorption of LPS, increased GLP-1 production, and decreased </span>inflammatory cytokines. The antidiabetogenic probiotic activity may be due to the i) bioactives formed as a result of fermentation, the postbiotics; ii) bioactives present in food matrices with antidiabetogenic action and to the iii) biactives naturally present in matrices with </span></span>prebiotic action. However, the knowledge about postbiotics formed by probiotic bacteria in different food matrices is still incipient.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p><span>The modulation of the gut microbiota through the use of probiotics associated with healthy eating habits can help regulate </span>lipid metabolism<span><span>, improving insulin sensitivity and </span>glycemic control.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137073324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digested protein from chia seed (Salvia hispanica L) prevents obesity and associated inflammation of adipose tissue in mice fed a high-fat diet","authors":"Mariana Grancieri ,&nbsp;Thaisa Agrizzi Verediano ,&nbsp;Cintia Tomaz Sant'Ana ,&nbsp;Andressa de Assis ,&nbsp;Renata Lopes Toledo ,&nbsp;Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia ,&nbsp;Hercia Stampini Duarte Martino","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p><span>Overweight and obesity are associated with the development of several health complications, such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Chia seed is a rich source of </span>proteins and peptides<span><span> with potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of digested proteins (DP) from chia seed to prevent adipogenesis and </span>adipose tissue inflammation in mice fed a high-fat diet.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><p><span>C57Bl/6 black mice were fed a high-fat diet plus DP (400 mg/kg of body/day) for 9 weeks. DP from chia seed reduced levels of plasma total cholesterol<span><span> (−17.5%), LDL (−42.8%), triacylglycerides (−12.3%), % body fat (−26.98%), and waist circumference (−5.5%) in </span>obese mice (</span></span><em>p</em><span> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, treatment with DP reduced (</span><em>p</em><span><span> &lt; 0.05) adipocytes area, foci of inflammation, levels of p-NF-κB p65, PPARγ, mRNA </span>SREBP1<span><span><span> (sterol regulatory element-binding transcription), and TNF-α. DP also increased mRNA adiponectin on adipose tissue in animals DP-treated, compared with no-DP-treated animals. However, mRNA </span>LPL and </span>HDL levels were not changed (p &gt; 0.05). The peptides from DP had </span></span><span><em>in silico</em></span> high interaction with metalloproteinase-2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>When using this experimental model, DP from chia seed had an anti-inflammatory and anti-adipogenic effect. These results suggest the effectiveness of digested proteins from chia seed against central obesity and its associated inflammation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43553688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A healthier daily diet is associated with greater immune fitness","authors":"Evi C. van Oostrom ,&nbsp;Kiki EW Mulder ,&nbsp;Marjolijn CE Verheul ,&nbsp;Pauline A. Hendriksen ,&nbsp;Suzan Thijssen ,&nbsp;Aletta D. Kraneveld ,&nbsp;Berber Vlieg-Boerstra ,&nbsp;Johan Garssen ,&nbsp;Joris C. Verster","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the association between a healthier diet, perceived immune fitness, and biomarkers of the immune system.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>N = 108 participants (31 men and 77 women), 18–30 years old, completed a questionnaire, comprising the Healthy Diet Scale (HDS) and a 1-item scale assessing perceived immune fitness. In addition, saliva samples were collected and C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokine concentrations of interleukin (IL)− 1β and IL-8 were determined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, a significant correlation was found between the HDS score and perceived immune fitness (r = 0.221, p = 0.021), suggesting that a healthier diet was associated with a better immune fitness. The HSD score correlated significantly and negatively with saliva CRP concentrations (r = −0.240, p = 0.013). No significant correlations were found with other biomarkers. In women, the HDS correlated significantly with perceived immune fitness (r = 0.247, p = 0.030) and CRP levels ( r = −0.281, p = 0.014). In men, correlations with perceived immune fitness ( r = −0.219, p = 0.237) and the biomarkers were not significant.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Significant associations between attaining a healthy diet, perceived immune fitness and CRP were found. More research is needed to investigate the observed sex differences and underlying mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434422000196/pdfft?md5=85fcc8f362c0afe58ab9cec27e5f0755&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434422000196-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42943640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crocin suppresses inflammation-induced apoptosis in rmTBI mouse model via modulation of Nrf2 transcriptional activity","authors":"Marwa Salem,&nbsp;Mariam Shaheen,&nbsp;Jamilah Borjac","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) has been considered a serious health issue. </span>Crocin<span>, a bioactive carotenoid in </span></span><span><em>Crocus sativus</em></span><span> (saffron) is well known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective role of crocin in a repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) mouse model and thus fits the pharmacological scope of </span><em>pharmanutrition.</em></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Balb c mice were divided into four groups, sham, crocin sham, TBI and crocin TBI. Injured groups received seven multiple closed brain injuries. Treated groups were injected with crocin (30 mg/kg) 30 min before each hit. Brain cortices<span> were extracted 24 h post the last injury for molecular analysis. Brain cytokine levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were measured using ELISA. Also, using RT-PCR, the expression levels of the following genes, Bcl-2, caspase3, Bax, P53, NF-κB, Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 were assessed.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span><span>There was a significant increase in the level of the inflammatory cytokine Il-6. Crocin administration induced a decrease in IL-6 accompanied with elevation in the anti-apoptotic cytokine IL-10. Crocin induced a decrease in the gene expression of the apoptotic factors caspase3, Bax and P53 in injured mice and enhanced the mRNA levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. Also, crocin enhanced the </span>gene expression levels of </span>transcription factor Nrf2<span> and the antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and NQO-1 whereas reduced the expression of NF-κB.</span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Crocin exerted its neuroprotective effect following rmTBI. Crocin proves to play a prospect role in conferring protection against concussions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42269910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}