PharmaNutrition最新文献

{"title":"Oral bioavailability and neuroprotective effect of a novel food-grade formulation of fisetin using fenugreek-galactomannan hydrogel scaffolds","authors":"K. Athira ,&nbsp;S. Syam Das ,&nbsp;Andrew Swick ,&nbsp;I.M. Krishnakumar ,&nbsp;A. Abdul Vahab","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Despite the beneficial pharmacological effects, poor oral bioavailability limits the nutritional efficacy of fisetin<span>, a dietary flavonoid. To this end, herein we report the bioavailability and efficacy of an innovative formulation of fisetin using a fenugreek-galactomannan hydrogel scaffold (FF-20).</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the first phase of the study, female Wistar rats<span> (n = 42) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 21/group) and orally administered with either unformulated (UF) or FF-20 (50 mg/kg b. wt.) and plasma concentration of fisetin was estimated by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. In the second phase, the relative influence of FF-20 on alcohol-induced neurotoxicity was followed on animals (n = 24) randomized into four groups, Group I – vehicle control, Group II – ethanol treated, Group III – ethanol+ UF, and Group IV – ethanol + FF-20 and treated at 50 mg/kg b. wt. per day for 14 days.</span></p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Area under plasma concentration verses time curve showed 9.83-fold enhancement in bioavailability for FF-20, with significantly enhanced pharmacokinetic parameters (*** </span><em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Behavior studies revealed significant improvement in reference memory errors, working memory errors, and anxiety among fisetin-treated animals and the improvement was significant in FF-20, compared to UF (* <em>P</em><span><span><span> &lt; 0.05). Neurotransmitters<span> and gene expressions of NMDAR, MAO A&amp;B, and KLF-11 were altered by alcohol </span></span>treatment; but were restored/improved in FF-20 group. </span>Histopathology<span> of brain tissues also indicated the reversal of alcohol-induced necrosis and tissue damage by FF-20.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>FF-20 enhanced the oral bioavailability and significantly alleviated alcohol-induced neurotoxicity in experimental rats.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44203958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of dietary habits and use of nutritional supplements in COVID-19: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Cagla Ayer ,&nbsp;Adviye Gulcin Sagdicoglu Celep","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Determine nutritional status and use of food supplements during COVID-19.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sample of individuals aged 18–65 participated in study voluntarily. Patients with COVID-19 or individuals with contact were not included. Questionnaire form was prepared based on literature on food supplements and included questions adapted to COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>488 participants completed the study. Participants’ mean age was 26.28 ± 7.64, %82.0 were female, 88.3% were high educated. During COVID-19, 33.6% exercise less than 150 min/day, 55.1% evaluate their eating habits as good/very good, and number of meals did not change compared to before pandemic (41.8%). 34.2% of participants consume 5–7 cups of water daily during pandemic. Consumption of pastry (54.7%) and green leafy vegetables (49.6%) increased. 78.7% of participants did not use any nutritional supplement, and 51.1% stated that they did not need nutritional supplements. Multivitamin and mineral (16.5%), vitamin D (15.3%), and vitamin C (11.4%) are used the most, and 56.7% have been using these products for 1–3 months. Use of nutritional supplements was recommended mostly by doctors (39.4%). 43.1% stated that they used these products to maintain good health, 21.9% because they felt tired, 13.8% because they did not have adequate and balanced nutrition. 51.0% of those using nutritional supplements benefited, 30.8% had no effect.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Participants did not make significant changes in their eating habits compared to before pandemic, the use of nutritional supplements increased to maintain good health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9423873/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10410851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional differences between primary monocyte-derived and THP-1 macrophages and their response to LCPUFAs","authors":"Tamara Hoppenbrouwers ,&nbsp;Shanna Bastiaan-Net ,&nbsp;Johan Garssen ,&nbsp;Nicoletta Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Linette E.M. Willemsen ,&nbsp;Harry J. Wichers","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In immune cell models, macrophages are one of the most frequently used cell types. THP-1 cells are often used as model to study macrophage function, however they may act differently from primary human monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we investigated the intrinsic baseline differences between the human macrophage cell line THP-1 and human primary MDMs. Additionally, we studied the difference in response to treatment with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs): well-described immunomodulators.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Although the amount of cells that phagocytose were similar between the cell types, primary MDMs consumed significantly more <em>E. coli</em> bioparticles compared to THP-1 macrophages. In M1 macrophages, IL-12 secretion was almost fifty times higher by primary MDMs compared to THP-1 macrophages, thereby increasing the IL-12/IL-10 ratio. Despite this, the IL-12 secretion by THP-1 M1 macrophages was higher that the secretion of IL-10, thereby showing that it is still a suitable M1 type. Cytokine profiles differed between primary MDMs and THP-1 M1 and M2 macrophages. In response to LCPUFAs, primary M1 MDMs and THP-1 M1 macrophages were alike. Interestingly, primary M2 MDMs secreted less IL-10 and CCL22 when treated with LCPUFAs, whereas THP-1 M2 macrophages secreted more IL-10 when treated with LCPUFAs and showed no difference in CCL22 secretion.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, in an M1 setting, both THP-1 and primary MDMs are suitable models. However, when interested in M2 models, the model choice highly depends on the research question.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434422000354/pdfft?md5=9de3d43e964a508ac81a595e47db114e&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434422000354-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43376171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D status can affect COVID-19 outcomes also in pediatric population","authors":"Michele Miraglia del Giudice ,&nbsp;Cristiana Indolfi ,&nbsp;Giulio Dinardo ,&nbsp;Fabio Decimo ,&nbsp;Alberto Decimo ,&nbsp;Angela Klain","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>vitamin D influences the immune system and the inflammatory response. It is known that vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of acute respiratory tract infection. In the last two years, many researchers have investigated vitamin D’s role in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 disease.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>the findings obtained from clinical trials and systematic reviews highlight that most patients with COVID-19 have decreased vitamin D levels and low levels of vitamin D increase the risk of severe disease. This evidence seems to be also confirmed in the pediatric population.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>further studies (systematic review and meta-analysis) conducted on children are needed to confirm that vitamin D affects COVID-19 outcomes and to determine the effectiveness of supplementation and the appropriate dose, duration and mode of administration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9562619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10412320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inulin prebiotic dietary supplementation improves metabolic parameters by reducing the Toll-like receptor 4 transmembrane protein gene and interleukin 6 expression in adipose tissue","authors":"Carla Dayana Durães Abreu ,&nbsp;Bruna Viana Caldas ,&nbsp;Guilherme Henrique Mendes Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Charles Martins Aguilar ,&nbsp;Lucyana Conceição Farias ,&nbsp;André Luiz Sena Guimarães ,&nbsp;Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula ,&nbsp;Maria Beatriz Abreu Glória ,&nbsp;Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>Lifestyle modifications have increased the consumption of ultra-processed foods, fat, sugar, and salt worldwide and also decreased dietary fiber due to reduced legume, grain, and vegetable intake. Ultimately, the contemporary food intake profile has increased the incidence of obesity and chronic inflammatory diseases. </span>Probiotic </span>dietary supplementation is a viable health option.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Male Swiss mice<span> were fed with two diets for four weeks: standard and standard + Inulin. The serum biochemistry data, histology, and inflammatory-related genes’ mRNA expression in </span></span>adipose tissue were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>The primary results showed that inulin dietary supplementation decreased the Toll-like receptor 4 transmembrane protein<span> gene (TLR4) expression and interleukin 6 (IL6) in the epididymal adipose tissue, resulting in decreased adipocyte hypertrophy. The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased and TGP enzymes (related to liver injury risk) were decreased also improving </span></span>insulin sensitivity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present study revealed that inulin supplementation could improve the onset of chronic inflammation-related markers in adipose tissue indicating that inulin is a natural anti-inflammatory alternative.</p></div><div><h3>Data Availability Statement</h3><p>The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"55190194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green coffee extract (Coffea canephora) improved the intestinal barrier and slowed colorectal cancer progression and its associated inflammation in rats","authors":"Caroline Woelffel Silva ,&nbsp;Keila Rodrigues Zanardi ,&nbsp;Mariana Grancieri ,&nbsp;Neuza Maria Brunoro Costa ,&nbsp;Leonardo Oliveira Trivillin ,&nbsp;Mirelle Lomar Viana ,&nbsp;Pollyanna Ibrahim Silva ,&nbsp;André Gustavo Vasconcelos Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aim</h3><p><span>Cancer is directly associated with inflammation and oxidative stress<span><span>. Thanks to its antioxidant activity, green coffee may have anticarcinogenic effects. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of an aqueous </span>green coffee extract on local colorectal morphophysiological and systemic inflammatory and oxidative changes in an animal model of </span></span>colorectal cancer (CRC).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span><span>CRC was induced in male Wistar rats for 5 weeks by </span>dimethylhydrazine. After 10 weeks of carcinogenesis, the rats were divided: Healthy Control (HC, without cancer induction and without extract), Colorectal Cancer (CRC, with cancer induction and without extract), Health Green Coffee (HGC, without cancer induction and with extract) and colorectal cancer treatment with Green Coffee (CGC, with cancer induction and with extract) groups. The data were analyzed using the Student’s t-test or </span>ANOVA and the Newman-Keuls </span><em>post-hoc</em> test (p &lt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>Green coffee extract was source of caffeine, chlorogenic acid<span>, and trigonelline that had </span></span><span><em>in silico</em></span><span><span> interaction with NF-κB. This extract contributed to the intestinal barrier integrity by decreasing </span>lactulose<span><span> and mannitol </span>urinary excretion<span>, increasing fecal IgA levels and reducing malignant tumors in the colon and rectum. In addition, it reduced the systemic production of the inflammatory cytokines<span> TNFα and IL-6. However, green coffee extract had no effect on aberrant crypt foci (ACF) or colonic pH and no difference was found in oxidative changes.</span></span></span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Green coffee extract has intestinal benefits, through the action of its bioactive compounds in the microenvironment of the neoplastic lesion, thereby opening research avenues for new studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45070953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anti-proliferative effect of β-carotene against a triple-negative breast cancer cell line is cancer cell-specific and JNK-dependent","authors":"Ana Antunes ,&nbsp;Francisca Carmo ,&nbsp;Sara Pinto ,&nbsp;Nelson Andrade ,&nbsp;Fátima Martel","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer presents an aggressive behavior and a poor response to therapeutic. Cancer progression is associated with reprogramming of metabolic pathways for glutamine, glucose and folic acid.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this study, we characterized the antitumoral effect (effects on cell proliferation, culture growth, viability, migration, oxidative stress levels, cell cycle and apoptosis) of carotenoids on a triple-negative human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231 cell line) and investigated interference with nutrient cellular uptake as a contributing mechanism.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the four tested carotenoids (β-carotene, crocin, fucoxanthin, astaxanthin), β-carotene presented the most interesting antitumoral effect, by reducing cell proliferation, migration, viability and culture growth, inducing apoptosis and by interfering with cell cycle (S phase arrest). β-carotene significantly increased ³H-deoxy-<span>D</span>-glucose uptake but did not affect neither ³H-glutamine nor ³H-folic acid uptake. Also, it did not interfere with oxidative stress levels. The anti-proliferative effect of β-carotene involves the JNK intracellular pathway, and this carotenoid was able to enhance the anti-proliferative effect of doxorubicin. Importantly, β-carotene did not affect cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle and migration rates of MCF-12A cells, a non-tumoral human breast epithelial cell line.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>β-carotene presents potential as co-adjuvant to doxorubicin for triple-negative breast cancer treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434422000330/pdfft?md5=2aa2390a0a83a7657500c8c81b9d8329&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434422000330-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46435480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro effects of vitamins C and E on adipocyte function and redox status in obesity","authors":"Asmahan Imessaoudene ,&nbsp;Amel Z. Merzouk ,&nbsp;Baya Guermouche ,&nbsp;Hafida Merzouk ,&nbsp;Sid Ahmed Merzouk","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>Obesity is associated with a chronic inflammatory state and evident oxidative stress<span>. Antioxidant supplementation may have beneficial effects on adipocyte function and on oxidative stress. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the in vitro effects of </span></span>vitamins C<span><span>, E on redox and metabolic parameters in adipocytes of control and obese </span>Wistar rats.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span>Adipocytes were isolated from abdominal adipose tissue<span> and were cultured in RPMI medium for 24 h, in the presence or the absence of vitamins (C, E at 50 µM). Glucose consumption, lactate and glycerol release, ATP and </span></span>triglyceride contents, redox balance were investigated with biochemical methods.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results showed altered glucose consumption and lactate and glycerol efflux, high triglycerides, low ATP contents (P &lt; 0.01), associated to an intracellular oxidative stress in adipocytes of obese rats. Vitamins C and E restored adipocyte function in obesity. Vitamin E<span><span> increased lipolysis<span> in adipocytes during obesity (P &lt; 0.01). Redox balance was also modulated by antioxidants, including a reduction in intracellular hydroperoxides<span> and carbonyl proteins levels and an increase in catalase and </span></span></span>SOD<span> activities and glutathione contents in adipocytes of obese rats.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Treatments with vitamins had beneficial effects on adipocyte function, and should be considered in therapeutic approaches for normalizing adipose function in obesity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42294935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro-, prebiotics, and other healthful supplements taking the stage in Rome","authors":"Francesco Visioli ,&nbsp;Lucio Capurso","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47240977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced nutraceutical functions of herbal oily extract employing formulation technology: The present and future","authors":"Mizuki Ogino,&nbsp;Kohei Yamada,&nbsp;Hideyuki Sato,&nbsp;Satomi Onoue","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100318","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100318","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In spite of attractive nutraceutical<span> functions, herbal products<span><span> for oral use have many drawbacks, including poor oral-absorption and storage stability, leading to limited usability and efficacy. Considerable attention has been drawn to formulation studies on herbal materials for improvement of </span>biopharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties. The aim of this review is to provide an illustrative overview of industrial and academic formulation researches on herbal materials for overcoming their problems.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The literature search was conducted for recent findings in the development of herbal formulations with enhanced nutraceutical effects.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>A number of formulations have been applied to herbal materials, includes emulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems<span>, liposomes, solid nanostructured particles, solid dispersions, and cyclodextrin-complexation. These formulation strategies can provide improved dissolution properties and </span></span>oral absorption, a wide safety margin, better handling, and/or enhanced storage stability, possibly resulting in higher product values. Whereas nutraceutical properties have a higher priority, the selection of a suitable formulation would also be necessary for each herbal extract, considering manufacturability, safety concerns, and usability. Herbal medicines still include many unknowns for daily use, and evidence on some nutraceutical properties is insufficient; therefore, they should continue to be researched in more detail.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Strategic use of formulation approaches might provide a bright future for self-medication with herbal products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42081225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}