PharmaNutrition最新文献

{"title":"The application of High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (HR NMR) in metabolomic analyses of meconium and stool in newborns. A preliminary pilot study of MABEL project: Metabolomics approach for the assessment of Baby-Mother Enteric Microbiota Legacy","authors":"Alessia Trimigno ,&nbsp;Beata Łoniewska ,&nbsp;Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka ,&nbsp;Mariusz Kaczmarczyk ,&nbsp;Igor Łoniewski ,&nbsp;Gianfranco Picone","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The microbial population living in our intestines plays a key role in several metabolic, nutritional, physiological, and immunological processes. It is known that infant gut microbiota composition has both horizontal transmission delivery and environmental conditions and a vertical one, from mother to child, related to how the infant is fed (breastfed or infant formula). Detailed information on the composition of meconium and feces from newborns may help predict the most prevalent and hazardous conditions affecting pregnancies, mothers, and babies, including pre-term birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus for example.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This work aims to demonstrate the feasibility of the whole High-Resolution proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H HR NMR) procedure in metabolomic analysis in preterm newborns. Thus, multiple samples of meconium and stool were collected from 3 pairs of premature twins and their metabolite profiles were acquired and exploited by combining the NMR technique with univariate and multivariate analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis showed that an impact on the metabolite profile was visible concerning both the sex of the newborns and the couplet of origin. Most of the variation between twin couplets was seen with butyric acid concentration in meconium/stool samples.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite the low number of samples, the described NMR procedure showed to be a suitable approach to evaluate the similarities of the molecular profiles of different samples, offering a non-invasive and informative approach to understanding the metabolic and nutritional status of preterm infants. Future metabolomic analysis should be supported by microbiome analysis, such multiomic approach will provide more complex view on development of preterm newborns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434424000045/pdfft?md5=2e787a7fd6eb933f3dbf7bbe44089a37&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434424000045-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139540728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on lipid profiles in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis","authors":"Sina Raissi Dehkordi ,&nbsp;Mahsa Malekahmadi ,&nbsp;Mahlagha Nikbaf-Shandiz ,&nbsp;Niloufar Rasaei ,&nbsp;Amir Mehdi Hosseini ,&nbsp;Hossein Bahari ,&nbsp;Samira Rastgoo ,&nbsp;Omid Asbaghi ,&nbsp;Farideh Shiraseb ,&nbsp;Reza Behmadi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span><span>We aimed to conduct this meta-analysis to systematically assess the effects of L-carnitine supplementation on levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), </span>total cholesterol (TC), </span>Apolipoprotein A<span> (Apo A) and Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) in adults.</span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><span><span>A systematic search was done in databases such as PubMed, ISI Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and </span>Scopus to find acceptable articles up to April 2023. </span>Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of L-carnitine on lipid profiles in adults were included considering the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p><span>We included the 60 RCTs (n = 3933) with 64 effect sizes in this study. L-carnitine supplementation had a significant effect on TG (WMD= −10.33 mg/dl, P &lt; 0.001), TC (WMD= −6.91 mg/dl, P = 0.032), LDL-C (WMD= −7.51 mg/dl, P &lt; 0.001), HDL-C (WMD= 1.80 mg/dl, P = 0.007) in intervention, compared to a placebo group, in the pooled analysis. Moreover, we conducted the subgroup analyses that have shown L-carnitine supplementation had a reduction effect on TG in baseline ≥ 150 mg/dl, and in any trial duration (&lt;12 and ≥12 weeks), intervention dose ≥ 2 g/day, in overweight (25–29.9 kg/m</span>²) and obese (&gt;30 kg/m²), in type ² diabetes and other health status. Also, L-carnitine significantly impacted TC in baseline ≥ 200 mg/dl, trial duration ≥ 12 weeks, intervention dose ≥ 2 g/day, obese (&gt;30 kg/m²), and other health statuses.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our results indicate L-carnitine significantly reduces the serum levels of TC, LDL-C, and TG and increases HDL-C, but it had no significant effect on the levels of apolipoproteins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on inflammation status in cancer patients: Updated systematic review and dose- and time-response meta-analysis","authors":"Mehrdad Jamali ,&nbsp;Meysam Zarezadeh ,&nbsp;Parsa Jamilian ,&nbsp;Zohreh Ghoreishi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100372","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Reducing inflammation levels can potentially reduce treatment-induced complications in cancer patients. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the effect of n-3 PUFAs on three main biomarkers of inflammation: tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases to find relevant studies. The difference between the intervention and control arms results was assessed by standardized mean differences (SMD) along with a 95% confidence interval.</p></div><div><h3>Result</h3><p>The study found that the SMD for TNF-α, CRP, and IL-6 was −0.63(95%CI:−0.89,−0.37, P &lt; 0.001), −0.27(95%CI:−0.64,0.10, P = 0.15), −0.59(95%CI:−0.89,−0.29, P &lt; 0.001) respectively, comparing the effects of n-3 PUFAs on study subjects compared to control. Subgroup analyses revealed heterogeneity sources for TNF-α and IL-6 but not for CRP. The study did not detect any indication of publication bias in the cases of TNF-α and CRP but detected it for IL-6.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>N-3 PUFAs caused a significant reduction in levels of TNF-α IL-6 but not CRP in cancer patients. The findings support that n-3 PUFAs could be used as an add-on treatment for cancer patients, possibly because they reduce inflammation and do not have any known side effects in moderate doses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139108718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publication bias and Nutri-Score: A complete literature review of the substantiation of the effectiveness of the front-of-pack logo Nutri-Score","authors":"Stephan Peters ,&nbsp;Hans Verhagen","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100380","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100380","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The front-of-pack label Nutri-Score is currently proposed as the system of choice in seven EU countries. However, there is still much scientific debate about the validation and efficacy of Nutri-Score and there is much discussion about author affiliation and study outcome.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To address these issues, we conducted a complete PubMed search on Nutri-Score which resulted in n = 180 results and selected all papers that address the relevance of the evidence for the validation of Nutri-Score (n = 104).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our main observations are that the large majority of studies that support the Nutri-Score are carried out by the developers of Nutri-Score. In contrast, the majority (61%) of studies that are carried out independently from the developers of Nutri-Score showed unfavourable results. A second observation is that even though the theoretical effect of Nutri-Score is validated on a multi-nutrient algorithm (FSA-NPS), there is no real-life evidence of any beneficial effects of Nutri-Score on this algorithm in a complete supermarket range. In conclusion, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the use of Nutri-Score as an effective public health tool.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Overall, the available evidence is limited and biased, and more research is needed to substantiate or disprove the effectiveness of Nutri-Score.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100380"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434424000069/pdfft?md5=345dff8a58f1d4271392ca50e90247d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434424000069-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139874812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic potential of organosulfur compounds in pulmonary hypertension","authors":"Elaheh Mirhadi ,&nbsp;Maryam Mirhadi ,&nbsp;Prashant Kesharwani ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sulfur-containing compounds derived from natural sources, including marine and terrestrial organisms, have garnered significant attention for their potential therapeutic applications in addressing chronic diseases such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Despite available treatments targeting the endothelin, prostacyclin, and nitric oxide pathways, PAH remains a progressive clinical condition.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The characteristic features of PAH, including increased vascular resistance, right ventricular hypertrophy, and remodeling leading to heart failure, have spurred researchers to explore novel treatment approaches. Certain plant species, particularly those belonging to the allium family, have been found to produce sulfur-containing compounds such as cysteine sulfoxides and glucosinolates with protective properties.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Organosulfur compounds (OSCs) have shown promise in reducing inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, NO, and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In this review, we delve into the therapeutic role of specific sulfur-containing compounds, namely sulforaphane, allicin, and hydrogen sulfide, in the treatment of PAH.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139817896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Nutrient intake and total caloric intake are not entirely proportionate to metabolic disease prevalence","authors":"Cato Wiegers,&nbsp;Olaf F.A. Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Dietary composition has been brought up as one of the main causes of the dramatic rise of metabolic disease over the past years. Intake of specific (macro)nutrients such as fat and sugar have been associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome, as well as a general excessive energy intake. In a previous study, we investigated trends in (macro)nutrient intake and metabolic disease in the United States, but total caloric intake was not addressed.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this follow-up study, data on total caloric intake per capita per day was collected for the United States from 1900 until now. Total caloric intake was also calculated based on previously collected data on nutrient intake per capita per day. Trends were visualized and statistically compared with data previously collected regarding metabolic syndrome, obesity, and diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>It was found that total caloric intake has risen considerably, from approximately 3200 in the year 1900 to nearly 4000 from the year 2000 until now. The caloric intake did not correlate with the trends in metabolic disease prevalence, except for diagnosed (pre)diabetes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>As highlighted in our previous work, there is a discrepancy between nutrient and caloric intake and the steep rise in metabolic disease. This suggests that there are other factors that need to be addressed in future studies, in addition to excess nutrient and energy intake, as suspected causes of the metabolic disease epidemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434423000452/pdfft?md5=0ecc4792ae3eb8dc20dc320537f613e6&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434423000452-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139033934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internet marketing of dietary supplements for improving memory and cognitive abilities","authors":"Jelena Banović Fuentes ,&nbsp;Maja Amidžić ,&nbsp;Jovica Banović ,&nbsp;Ljilja Torović","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of the internet for researching and purchasing dietary supplements (DS) is rapidly increasing, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic influenced people to seek information related to health problems online. However, internet marketing is not subject to strict controls and can potentially mislead consumers.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study assessed information obtained through internet search on websites for online sale of 75 DS intended for cognitive improvement and prevention of cognitive degeneration.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analysis revealed a wide array of active substances (126), most often three or more being present in one DS (61.3%). Data on auxiliary substances were present in 74.3% of DS, with 92.7% of DS specifying usage instructions. However, information on references (10.7%), mechanism of action (50.7%), pharmacological (9.3%) and toxicological (5.3%) effects, as well as presence or absence of allergens (21.3%), were considerably less represented. Warnings were not provided in 41.3% of DS, while 77.3% had some information on potential adverse/side effects. Claims, as the primary drivers of supplement promotion, were present in all assessed DS, but in case of USA products were not always followed by FDA disclaimer (8.2%), while in case of EU products, as many as 90.9% had at least one unapproved claim.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Stricter regulations for advertising and selling DS are necessary, along with harmonization among countries, as the internet is a global space that transcends national borders and laws. There is a necessity to enhance inspection oversight and a need for public education on recognizing secure and verified information on the internet.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100379"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139632933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravenous vitamin C against acute respiratory distress syndrome: A narrative review","authors":"Alberto Boretti","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><span>The use of intravenous vitamin C<span> (IV-Vit-C) in the context of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been a topic of interest and research. ARDS is a severe and life-threatening form of respiratory failure that can be triggered by various factors, including infections, trauma, and inflammatory conditions. Some studies and </span></span>clinical trials<span> have explored the potential benefits of high-dose intravenous vitamin C in the treatment<span> of ARDS, particularly in the context of severe respiratory illnesses such as those caused by viral infections.</span></span></p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Two literature reviews are performed by using the google scholar data base (scholar.google.com), one searching for “CITRIS-ALI”, and the other searching for “COVID-19 Vitamin C”, without any time restrictions, and selecting specific works, and citing or cited works, deemed appropriate. All the works included in the c19early.org data base are then indirectly considered through their statistical summary of improvements.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Most of the studies support the use of IV-Vit-C against ARDS in general, including the COVID-19 induced ARDS. From the statistical analysis of 66 COVID-19 Vit-C studies, both IV and oral, there is a 18 % improvement in prophylaxis (RR 0.82 CI 0.69–0.97), a 37 % improvement in early treatment (RR 0.63, CI 0.41–0.98), and 21 % improvement in late treatment (RR 0.79, CI 0.70–0.88). Specific to this latter result are 39 studies of the 66.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>While IV-Vit-C was not a cure for COVID-19, it was a pragmatic but effectual means to reduce the COVID-19 mortality in cases of late infections and ARDS. IV and oral Vit-C may be considered one of the tools treating general ARDS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural, functional, nutritional and clinical aspects of vitamin A: A review","authors":"Mariana S.S. Menezes ,&nbsp;Cristina M.M. Almeida","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100383","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The importance of vitamin A to human health is neither a new nor emerging topic; however, information regarding its primary food sources, chemical structure, physiological role, pharmacokinetics, dosage, and relationship with various pathologies is not always concise and hence difficult to understand. Therefore, this review aims to summarise the available information on the role of vitamin A in health and disease in the context of advances in drug discovery and trials.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This review includes research articles published between 1974 and 2022 that were identified using multiple search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect. Select keywords were used to maximize the retrieval of relevant results. The criteria included original research and review articles on the topic. The selection of information sources was based on the publication date with a preference for papers published between 2012 and 2022. After excluding conference proceedings, redundant articles, non-English publications, and website publications from food and medical institutions, 106 articles were included.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Vitamin A is a versatile vitamin that is involved in many physiological systems. Previous studies have discovered novel associations between vitamin A and various diseases and potential new indications for drug formulations.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Further studies are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of vitamin A interventions, especially that of retinoids, in the treatment and prevention of several pathologies, some of which are yet to be examined. These future studies could provide better evidence of the clinical significance of retinoids.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139966329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeaxanthin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and provides significant neuroprotection in mice subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion","authors":"Daniele La Russa ,&nbsp;Giorgia Manni ,&nbsp;Chiara Di Santo ,&nbsp;Benedetta Pieroni ,&nbsp;Daniela Pellegrino ,&nbsp;Francisco J. Barba ,&nbsp;Giacinto Bagetta ,&nbsp;Francesca Fallarino ,&nbsp;Domenico Montesano ,&nbsp;Diana Amantea","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><p>Preclinical and clinical evidence supports the value of nutraceuticals as prophylactic or adjuvant therapeutics to reduce stroke risk or to improve post-stroke recovery. Given the beneficial properties of xantophyll carotenoids, we aimed at assessing the putative neuroprotective effects of zeaxanthin, evaluating its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in vitro and in vivo.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><p>Exposure to zeaxanthin (25 μM for 24 h) reverted the elevation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression prompted by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in macrophages from mouse bone marrow. In mice subjected to transient (30-min) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), oral pre-treatment with zeaxanthin (2 mg/kg, 48 h, 24 h and 1 h before MCAo) prevented the elevation of serum levels of reactive oxygen species induced by the ischemic insult, while it did not affect the reduction of antioxidant barrier efficiency. Analysis of lipid peroxidation showed a significant increase in hydroperoxide level in the brain of mice subjected to MCAo, and the latter effect was inhibited by pretreatment with zeaxanthin. Finally, we originally demonstrated that oral administration of zeaxanthin significantly reduced neurological deficits and brain damage caused by transient MCAo in mice.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our data, in combination with the evidence that zeaxanthin is a well-tolerated carotenoid, strengthen the nutritional value of this xanthophyll in the prevention of ischemic stroke injury.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"27 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434423000403/pdfft?md5=d6f2c7200f49dc6eb6edf2946d3e7e7b&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434423000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139013976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}