PharmaNutrition最新文献

{"title":"Advancements in psoriasis management: Integrating nutrient supplement with gut-brain-skin connection","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that affects a large population globally and poses a significant challenge in clinical care due to its multifaceted characteristics. Recent studies show the relationship between the gut, brain, and skin, unveiling the potential for novel therapeutic approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This review includes papers published from 1991 to 2024 exploring various advancements in psoriasis management. We also explored various techniques to encapsulate natural bioactive molecules with anti-psoriatic activity. The published articles were searched using various databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Clinical Trials, and Google Scholar.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The gut microbiome contains numerous microorganisms that influence immune regulation and inflammation. The pathogenesis of psoriasis has implicated an imbalance in gut microbes, known as gut dysbiosis. Probiotics, prebiotics, and other dietary interventions can help restore microbial balance and improve psoriasis symptoms. Furthermore, the gut microbiota can modulate neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, impacting communication between the gut, brain, and skin. Stress, a well-established trigger for psoriasis exacerbations, disrupts the gut-brain-skin axis. Nutrient supplements like omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols, probiotic supplements, herbal supplements, <em>etc</em>. can reduce inflammation and enhance skin health. Deficiency in nutrients like vitamin D may contribute to psoriasis development. Targeting inflammatory pathways, balancing gut microbiomes, and addressing nutritional deficiencies can improve psoriasis treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Natural bioactives have demonstrated antipsoriatic efficacy in several preclinical and clinical studies done in more recent years. Large-scale clinical trials using encapsulated natural bioactives are still needed to demonstrate their antipsoriatic activity and ability to regulate the gut-brain-skin axis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can L-Methionine and S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Effectively Mitigate Scopolamine-Induced Cognitive and Motor Deficits in Mice?","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100415","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Motor balance deficits often coincide with cognitive deficits in older adults. Current medications provide temporary relief with several potential side effects. Essential amino acids and their derivatives, such as S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), can improve nerve function, mood regulation, and neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the protective effects of SAMe in scopolamine-degraded memory, and motor balance in an animal model.</div><div>To evaluate the possible effects of SAMe on cognitive and motor balance improvement, both Shuttle box and rotarod methods were performed in seven groups of animals (n=7). The mice groups received the saline (control), scopolamine, scopolamine+rivastigmine, scopolamine +methionine, and scopolamine+ three different doses of SAMe daily and separately for two weeks. Data were analyzed independently by one-way ANOVA and P&lt;0.05 was considered significant.</div><div>SAMe 150<!--> <!-->mg/kg worsened scopolamine-induced memory impairment (P&lt;0.001), while methionine (100<!--> <!-->mg/kg) or SAMe (only 100<!--> <!-->mg/kg) together with scopolamine could reduce the duration of the animal's presence in the dark chamber (P&lt;0.05). Daily administration of methionine and SAMe at the rate of 100<!--> <!-->mg/kg daily could significantly improve the decrease in motor balance caused by scopolamine (P&lt;0.05). Rivastigmine improved memory and motor balance impairment caused by scopolamine (P&lt;0.05). No difference between SAMe and L-methionine for memory, and balance.</div><div>The results suggest that while L-methionine and SAMe may not be effective in improving memory impairments (Even SAMe high doses can aggravate the destruction of passive avoidance memory), they may be beneficial in enhancing motor balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin supplementation in preclinical colitis models: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis on inflammation, oxidative stress, and colon repair","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ulcerative colitis (UC), an autoimmune form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leads to chronic inflammation of the colon. Existing treatments often fall short, highlighting the need for alternative or supplementary therapies. Melatonin, known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, shows promise in this context. Thus, this study conducts a dose-response meta-analysis and systematic review of preclinical models to evaluate melatonin's effectiveness in UC.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Extensive searches in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science were performed, adhering to SYRCLE’s risk of bias guidelines, and registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024511595). Random-effects models calculated standard mean differences (SMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) for disease activity indices, inflammatory markers, and antioxidant defenses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 860 screened records, 72 studies met the inclusion criteria. Melatonin was found to significantly lower the ulcer index (SMD = −3.19) and malondialdehyde levels (SMD = −2.31). It also notably suppressed key pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α (SMD = −1.14), IL-6 (SMD = −1.44), IL-1β (SMD = −1.63) and IL-17 (SMD = −1.77), while enhancing antioxidant defenses, particularly glutathione levels (SMD = 2.80). Furthermore, melatonin effectively modulated critical inflammatory regulators including nuclear factor kappa B (SMD = −1.97) and cyclooxygenase-2 (SMD = −1.34). The optimal therapeutic dose was identified as up to 10 mg/kg, with the highest efficacy observed via intraperitoneal and intracolonic administration routes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Melatonin showed significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and tissue-repairing benefits in preclinical UC models, supporting clinical trials to confirm its therapeutic potential and optimal dosing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of liraglutide on C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults with type 2 diabetes: A GRADE-assessed systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of controlled trials","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100409","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Liraglutide (LRG) is an analog of glucagon-like-peptide-1 which has beneficial effects on controlling glycemic in diabetes patients. However, the effect of liraglutide on the C-reactive protein (CRP) was controversial in different studies. So, this study aimed to investigate the effect of LRG on CRP in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Through March 2024, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus electronic databases were searched for pertinent studies. Calculation of 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) and mean differences was done using random effects model. Standard methods assessed dose-response, meta-regression, sensitivity, and publication bias. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) was used to calculate evidence certainty.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Finally, after reviewing 9 eligible studies with 10 arms including 1494 participants, a significant decrease in CRP levels was observed after treatment with LRG (WMD = −0.692 mg/L, 95 % CI: −1.01, −0.37, P&lt;0.001). According to the results of the subgroup, LRG had greater effects in obese patients (Body mass index ≥30), high-quality studies, dosages &gt;1.6 mg/d and durations ≥24 weeks. Linear (P&lt;0.001) and non-linear (P _{dose-response} =0.009) dose-response associations were observed between LRG dosages and CRP levels. According to the GRADE, evidence for CRP was high.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>LRG had beneficial effects on CRP levels in adults with T2DM, especially in obese patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142274060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The guardians of macular health: Omega 3 fatty acids","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100408","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142168510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nurturing hope: Uncovering the potential of herbal remedies against amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease, as currently available medications such as riluzole and edaravone aim to slow disease progression and manage symptoms, they are often expensive, have adverse side effects, and offer limited therapeutic outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to explore complementary and alternative medicines in ALS treatment along with their possible mechanism(s). This paper investigates the potential benefits of herbal remedies in ALS management, focusing on their ability to alleviate symptoms, improve quality of life, and potentially delay disease progression.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The review includes articles published from 1999 to 2024 and were searched using various databases including Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Clinical trial. The search was performed using different keywords such as ‘amyotrophic lateral sclerosis’, ‘pathogenesis’, ‘prevalence’, ‘herbal products’, ‘natural medicines’, ‘safety’, ‘efficacy’, ‘clinical trials’, ‘herbal-drug interaction’, <em>‘in vitro’</em>, ‘<em>in vivo’</em>, phytochemicals, ‘alternative medicine’. Further studies were screening by assessing abstracts, cross references and previously published review and research articles.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A number of herbal products are reported in preclinical and clinical studies indicating their efficacy against ALS. These prominent phytoconstituents exhibiting anti- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis effect are mainly present in different parts of the plant and include curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, resveratrol, tetrahydrocannabidiol, diallyl trisulfide, withanolides, genistein, and madecassoside. The plant extract containing these phytoconstituents exert their therapeutic effect <em>via</em> modulating inflammatory mediators, trapping free radicals, targeting various enzymes and/or by harnessing autophagy.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Although, various preclinical studies have shown beneficial effects of herbs in treating this debilitating disease. Further investigation is necessary to confirm the safety and efficacy of these botanical therapies in clinics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nano-curcumin supplementation for the management of migraine: A systematic scoping review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100407","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100407","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Migraine is a common neurological disorder contributing significantly to global disability. Nano-curcumin, known for its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, has emerged as a promising candidate for migraine prophylaxis. Herein, we assessed the effects of nano-curcumin supplementation on headache attack, severity, and duration in adult patients.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Five biomedical databases were searched until March 2024 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs). 13 records fulfilled the inclusion criteria, eight of which were considered for meta-analysis. The risk of bias was assessed using ROB2. Outcomes were quantified using both Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) and Mean Difference (MD) along with the 95 % Confidence Intervals (CIs). Pooled intervention effects were estimated using both common-effects and random-effects models.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our analysis revealed that 80 mg nano-curcumin supplementation per day for two months in young adults reduced migraine attacks (SMD −0.55; 95 % CI: −1.07 to −0.02), severity (SMD −0.64; 95 % CI: −1.10 to −0.19), and duration (MD −2.90; 95 % CI: −4.66 to −1.13) when compared with placebo. When combined with nutraceuticals such as omega-3 and coenzyme Q10, nano-curcumin demonstrated enhanced efficacy in reducing migraine attacks (SMD 1.19; 95 % CI: 0.90–1.48). Among those who received nano-curcumin supplementation only, a before and after intervention analysis showed a reduction in migraine attacks (SMD −0.77; 95 % CI: −1.00 to −0.54), severity (SMD −0.92; 95 % CI: −1.50 to −0.33), and duration (SMD −0.63; 95 % CI: −1.05 to −0.20).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Evidence from literature suggests that nano-curcumin supplementation might be effective in reducing migraine symptoms. However, caution is advised, and further research is recommended to confirm these findings, considering the single institutional source of all studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological activities from açaí (Euterpe spp. Mart.) seeds and their pharmacological aspects: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100405","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Açaí seeds, a by-product of açaí processing (1445 tons year⁻¹), make up 85 % of the fruit's weight and are rich in phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, (epi)catechins, and procyanidins. Their chemical profile suggests significant pharmacological potential, leading to growing interest in their therapeutic applications.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, covering studies from 2006 to 2023.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The review included 72 studies, 13 of which were cluster randomized trials in rodents. Açaí seed extract (ASE) displayed a robust phenolic profile with varying polymerization degrees. Preclinical investigations demonstrated ASE's therapeutic efficacy, showing potent antioxidant activities, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes via Nrf2 activation, and selective cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. ASE also exhibited efficacy in reducing oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting adipogenesis, addressing metabolic syndrome in rodents. Promising effects were observed on hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and liver diseases, indicating broad health benefits.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Despite study heterogeneity, ASE's shows potential as a therapeutic agent., necessitating further clinical investigations to comprehensively evaluate its safety and efficacy in human health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinations of bacterial probiotics and yeast postbiotics influence fat deposition and growth in the nematode C. elegans","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Probiotics are live microorganisms with intended benefits on human health including obesity. As a small and fast-growing whole organism model, <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> has been used to assess the health effects of probiotics where mechanisms can be assessed through available genetic tools. Results from <em>C. elegans</em> can provide data on the effect of specific probiotic strains and combinations with prebiotics and postbiotics on health-related physiology to inform selections of interventions for further study. We hypothesized that specific combinations with prebiotics and postbiotics could both speed up worm development and reduce fat deposition, suggesting they allow for more effective nutrient utilization.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Here we expose <em>C. elegans</em> to the ABB S20 strain of <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> in combination with different prebiotics and postbiotics. We then measure how these affect growth and development speed as well as fat deposition by measuring the time until the appearance of progeny and measuring Oil Red O staining respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Our results show that the combination of probiotic <em>L. plantarum</em> ABB S20 plus the postbiotic inactive yeasts <em>K. marxianus</em> ABB S8 and <em>S. boulardii</em> ABB S3 resulted in fast growth and reduced fat deposition compared to <em>L. plantarum</em> ABB S20 alone.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These results demonstrate the usefulness of <em>C. elegans</em> as a model to efficiently screen though combinations of probiotics, prebiotics and postbiotics to find those that are candidates to help with effective nutrition use and therefore weight management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213434424000306/pdfft?md5=73469150346069534ab8c7823973896f&pid=1-s2.0-S2213434424000306-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"6-Hydroxydopamine-induced decrease in dopaminergic neurons is avoided by effusol and dehydroeffusol, unique phenanthrenes of Juncus effusus","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2024.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Excess influx of extracellular Zn²⁺ into nigral dopaminergic neurons play a crucial role for 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson's disease in rats. On the basis of neurodegeneration by Zn²⁺ dysregulation, we aimed to clarify the effect of effusol and dehydroeffusol, unique phenanthrenes from <em>Juncus effusus</em> on dopaminergic degeneration.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The decrease in dopaminergic neurons was assessed by tyrosine hydroxylase immunostaining 14 days after 6-OHDA injection into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) of rats.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The decrease in dopaminergic neurons induced by 6-OHDA was avoided by co-injection of 1<em>-</em>naphthyl acetyl spermine (NASPM), a selective blocker of Zn²⁺-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors, which blocked the increase in intracellular Zn²⁺, supporting the involvement of Zn²⁺ dysregulation in dopaminergic degeneration. Moreover, either effusol or dehydroeffusol was co-injected with 6-OHDA into the SNpc. The decrease in dopaminergic neurons was avoided by effusol and dehydroeffusol. The increases in intracellular Zn²⁺ and H₂O₂ in the SNpc induced by 6-OHDA were also avoided by effusol and dehydroeffusol.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present study first indicates that effusol and dehydroeffusol avoid the decrease in dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc via reducing production of reactive oxygen species induced by intracellular Zn²⁺ dysregulation after injection of 6-OHDA into the rat SNpc. It is likely that effusol and dehydroeffusol serve as nutraceutical components to protect dopaminergic degeneration, perhaps via regulating presynaptic excitation of glutamatergic neurons in the SNpc.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}