PharmaNutrition最新文献

{"title":"Obesity status, hypertension, and selenium intake in the elderly","authors":"Jung Hyun Kwak ,&nbsp;Jean Kyung Paik","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Selenium consumption influences the association between obesity and hypertension (HTN) in elderly individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the association between obesity and HTN prevalence based on selenium intake in elderly individuals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><div>The participants were 198 individuals aged ≥ 65 years who visited the Seongnam Elderly Friendly Experience Center and belonged to the active senior group (those with no activity restrictions). Nutritional status was evaluated using a 24-h recall survey conducted by a professional nutritionist. The participants were classified as having HTN if they were diagnosed by a physician. The body mass index was classified as normal (&lt; 23 kg/m²), overweight (23–24.9 kg/m²), or obese (≥ 25 kg/m²). Selenium intake was classified as high or low according to the cutoff average value (50.9 μg/day). Among participants with low selenium intake, analysis adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise status, current medication, and dietary factors (intake of carbohydrates, proteins, fat, and fiber) showed that higher body mass index categories had significant dose-dependent trends with a higher risk of HTN (<em>p</em> = 0.004). The odds ratio for HTN in the obese vs. normal weight groups was 8.30 (95 % confidence interval; 1.92–32.91, p &lt; 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between obesity status and HTN in participants with high selenium intake.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Among obese older adults, low selenium intake was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of HTN, whereas this association was not observed in those with higher selenium intake (≥50.9 μg/day).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145753858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of omega-3 supplementation on plasma lipoprotein(a) levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Luis E. Simental-Mendía ,&nbsp;Paola Aguillón-Marín ,&nbsp;Amirhossein Sahebkar","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Omega-3 fatty acids exhibit health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, anti-cancer, and anti-arthritis properties. However, the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], which is causally associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, is inconsistent. While some studies have shown a significant decrease in Lp(a) levels, others have found no significant changes after omega-3 PUFA administration. Therefore, the goal of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was to investigate the effect of omega-3 supplementation on plasma Lp(a) levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases from inception to February 14, 2025. A fixed-effects model and the generic inverse variance weighting method were employed for meta-analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 12 randomized controlled trials, comprising 9722 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed no significant effect of omega-3 supplementation on plasma Lp(a) concentrations (WMD: −0.54 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −1.52, 0.44, <em>p</em> = 0.28, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 4 %). This finding was robust in the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis. Additionally, there were no significant changes in Lp(a) values after omega-3 administration in the subset of clinical trials with baseline Lp(a) &lt; 30 mg/dL (WMD: −0.48 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −1.47, 0.51, <em>p</em> = 0.35, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 0 %) and ≥ 30 mg/dL (WMD: −5.03 mg/dL, 95 % CI: −13.42, 3.37, <em>p</em> = 0.24, <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 22 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of our study suggest that omega-3 supplementation does not affect plasma Lp(a) levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liver X receptors as precision therapeutic targets: Redefining metabolic and inflammatory interventions","authors":"Shyamaladevi Babu,&nbsp;Madhan Krishnan","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100483"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147537601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium carbonate-enriched Cucurbita maxima increases the relative expression level of the PCSK9 gene in the liver of ovariectomized rats","authors":"Natalia Wawrzyniak ,&nbsp;Joanna Stecyna ,&nbsp;Anna Gramza-Michałowska ,&nbsp;Joanna Suliburska","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100467","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100467","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to determine the effect of pumpkin (<em>Cucurbita maxima</em>) enriched with calcium carbonate on the PCSK9 gene relative expression level in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The study was conducted in forty female Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups: a group fed a standard diet (C) and four ovariectomized groups fed a standard diet (OVX_C): a group receiving a calcium-free diet (OVX_DEF), a group receiving a calcium-deficient diet with the addition of unenriched <em>C.maxima</em> (OVX_P), and the OVX_PCaC group that was fed a diet with the addition of <em>C. maxima</em> enriched with calcium carbonate. After 12 weeks of the dietary intervention, the rats were sacrificed, and their tissues and blood were collected. Serum levels of inflammatory markers, antioxidants, and lipids were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The PCSK9 gene relative expression level was assessed using quantitative PCR. It was found that ovariectomy decreased PCSK9 gene expression. Enriched <em>C. maxima</em>, particularly with calcium carbonate, increased PCSK9 expression above control levels. LDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were affected by ovariectomy but not by diet modifications. A significant increase in serum C-reactive protein was observed after consuming unenriched <em>C. maxima</em>, as opposed to <em>C. maxima</em> enriched with calcium. However, after consuming both types of <em>C. maxima</em>, the concentration of cyclooxygenase 2 and lipoxygenase 1 in the serum decreased. These findings indicate that calcium-enriched <em>C. maxima</em> modulates PCSK9 expression, inflammation, and lipid metabolism, offering potential benefits in managing estrogen deficiency-related metabolic disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100467"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial-derived peptides (Humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLP2) protect pancreatic islet cells and delay the onset and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus in mice","authors":"Tiyesh Paul ,&nbsp;Oly Banerjee ,&nbsp;Sangeeta Das ,&nbsp;Bithin Kumar Maji ,&nbsp;Srikanta Goswami ,&nbsp;Sandip Mukherjee","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The incidence of diabetes and related metabolic disorders has risen dramatically worldwide over the past few decades, leading to millions of new diagnoses each year. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex condition characterized by reduced insulin secretion, increased hepatic glucose production, and heightened insulin resistance. As these conditions become more prevalent, targeting mitochondrial function presents a promising therapeutic strategy. Research into mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) offers potential avenues for personalized medicine in managing T2DM. To investigate the role of MDPs in the onset and progression of T2DM, we administered humanin, MOTS-c, and SHLP2, both individually and in combination, to a high-fat diet (HFD) plus streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mouse model over a period of nine weeks. MDP administration delayed diabetes onset, as evidenced by a lower diabetes induction rate, and mitigated HFD + STZ-induced alterations in body weight, HbA1c levels, glucose homeostasis, insulin resistance, and pancreatic islet cell dysfunction. Furthermore, MDP treatment influenced the expression of insulin and glucagon within pancreatic islets. Notably, the combined MDPs treatment group exhibited the most significant therapeutic effects, particularly at six weeks post-STZ administration. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of MDPs in preventing and delaying T2DM, providing valuable insights into effective strategies for managing the disease's onset and progression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of flavonoids as anti-inflammatory agents in inflammatory diseases","authors":"Rajan Malhotra ,&nbsp;Adil Husain ,&nbsp;Firoz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Gurseen Rakhra","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inflammation is a complex response at a biological level that is triggered when the body senses potential harm, such as infections, physical trauma, or toxins. It involves a cascade of cellular and molecular events aimed at the repair of tissue damage. Chronic inflammation is associated with various diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and arthritis. Flavonoids, a diverse variety of plant-derived polyphenols, have shown promising anti-inflammatory effects, both in vivo and in vitro. Since their initial identification as protective agents against intestinal inflammation, flavonoids have been shown to modulate inflammation through several mechanisms, including antioxidant effects and enzyme inhibition. Different classes of flavonoids, such as catechins (e.g., epigallocatechin gallate), flavonols (e.g., quercetin), flavones (e.g., baicalin), and isoflavones (e.g., genistein), act on inflammatory mediators like AP-1, TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-1β, and COX2 to reduce inflammation. Their anti-inflammatory potential is linked to their specific structural characteristics, including their hydroxyl groups and planar ring structures. Current findings suggest that flavonoids could play a significant role in managing inflammatory diseases by targeting multiple regulatory pathways, although their efficacy and bioavailability in clinical applications remain areas for further research. With the outstanding roles in the fighting against inflammation and its related diseases, these compounds face certain limitations in applicability, like poor oral bio-availability because of a rapid rate of metabolism and lipophilicity that interfere with proving their effectiveness. They also show some side effects, such as contact dermatitis, failure of liver, estrogen-associated issues, and hemolytic anemia. In this review, we highlight the significance of flavonoids in inflammatory diseases as anti-inflammatory agents. However, the effectiveness of flavonoids is often limited by low oral bioavailability, rapid metabolism, and potential side effects such as contact dermatitis, hepatotoxicity, and estrogenic activity in chronic inflammatory diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological gaps in research on pre-exercise caffeine supplementation and exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review","authors":"Teppei Matsumura ,&nbsp;Shunya Nonoyama ,&nbsp;Takeshi Hashimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Caffeine is widely used to enhance various types of exercise performance during competitions and training. However, results regarding the influence of caffeine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) have been inconsistent. This may be due to the conceptual confusion arising from the mixing of pre- and post-exercise caffeine supplementation in previous studies examining caffeine and EIMD. Given caffeine’s widespread use before exercise, this systematic review aimed to explore the influence of “pre-exercise” caffeine supplementation on EIMD and to provide concise insights into the issues with previous experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search from 3 databases was conducted to examine human studies investigating the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 17 studies were included in this review. While 3 of the 17 studies reported an increase in creatine kinase (CK) immediately after exercise, the remaining studies did not report changes in CK activities between the caffeine/placebo groups/conditions. However, almost all of the included studies assessed EIMD by focusing on blood markers (almost exclusively CK) even though post-exercise CK activities are poor indicators of EIMD. These facts highlight the limited validity of previous results assessing the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD. Specifically, no study has assessed maximal voluntary torque, an appropriate EIMD marker, while accounting for the confounding ergogenic effects of caffeine itself.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review revealed that the available data are insufficient to draw conclusions regarding the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD due to methodological limitations in the included studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia sp.) as an unconventional edible plant: Nutritional potential, bioactive compounds, and evidence related to non-communicable chronic diseases","authors":"Livia Alvarenga ,&nbsp;Julie Lobo ,&nbsp;Renata Cristina Bezerra Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Juliana Guimarães da Silva ,&nbsp;Orquídea Vasconcelos dos Santos ,&nbsp;Denise Mafra","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-conventional edible plants are native veggies that can grow in various settings. They can sprout in backyards, vacant lots, sidewalks, and abandoned vegetable gardens. Ora-pro-nobis (Latin for \"pray for us\") is a non-conventional food plant that is highly nutritious and has been gaining attention for its culinary and medicinal properties. However, despite its well-known nutritional composition, only a few experimental and clinical studies have assessed the efficacy of Ora-pro-nobis and its bioactive compounds in preventing and treating chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, this mini-narrative review discusses the potential advantages of Ora-pro-nobis as a nutritional approach for treating and preventing NCDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) supplementation on mitigating the progressive structural and physiological kidney decline during the ongoing natural aging process in male mice","authors":"Sherihan A. Elgohary ,&nbsp;Heba Samir ,&nbsp;Marwa M. Shaaban ,&nbsp;Abdallah M. Awadallah ,&nbsp;Abeer El Wakil","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aging is associated with progressive renal vulnerability, highlighting the need for preventive strategies. Natural antioxidants such as artichoke leaf powder (ALP) show promise in mitigating age-related organ alterations, but their renal protective effects during early aging remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the potential of ALP supplementation to protect against early age-related renal alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Animals were divided into two groups: a young adult control group of 3-month-old mice (Y-3C, n = 5) and an early-aged control group of 7-month-old mice (O-7C, n = 17). The O-7C group was split into two subgroups, with one receiving distilled water (old placebo, O-12P) and the other receiving ALP at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight (old treated, O-12T) for five months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results showed subtle age-associated changes, including increased oxidative stress, modest elevation in kidney function markers, and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. ALP treatment significantly mitigated these early alterations, restoring several parameters toward levels observed in young adult controls. Molecular docking analysis suggested the antioxidant potential of ALP polyphenols via possible modulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Flow cytometry revealed improved cell viability in aged mice treated with ALP, with reductions in apoptotic and necrotic cells compared to the placebo group. Additionally, early aging-related histoarchitectural and ultrastructural changes in renal tissue were partially prevented by ALP supplementation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ALP supplementation attenuates early age-related renal alterations by enhancing antioxidant defenses and preserving kidney integrity, supporting its potential as a natural preventive strategy for maintaining kidney health during early aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D supplementation and its role in modulating ovarian reserve and oxidative stress in infertile females","authors":"Arfa Azhar ,&nbsp;Syed Mahboob Alam ,&nbsp;Faiza Alam ,&nbsp;Fatima Abid ,&nbsp;Aysha Habib ,&nbsp;Rehana Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Pakistan, among women, with 67–85 % of those diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) having serum vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired ovarian reserve and increased oxidative stress, both of which contribute to female infertility. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral vitamin D supplementation versus a single intramuscular dose on ovarian reserve and oxidative stress markers in infertile women with low vitamin D levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This quasi-interventional study was conducted collaboratively by the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre and Aga Khan University, Karachi. Participants were divided into PCOS (Group A, n = 120) and non-PCOS (Group B, n = 60) groups. Vitamin D–deficient participants received a single intramuscular injection of vitamin D (200,000 IU), while vitamin D–insufficient participants received oral vitamin D (50,000 IU weekly). All participants were followed for 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test and paired t-test in SPSS version 22, with p &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant improvements in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels were observed from baseline to post-treatment in vitamin D–insufficient PCOS and non-PCOS participants receiving oral supplementation (p &lt; 0.01). Similarly, vitamin D–deficient participants who received intramuscular vitamin D showed highly significant increases in AMH, TAOC, and PON-1 levels (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intramuscular vitamin D administration effectively improves ovarian reserve and reduces oxidative stress in vitamin D–deficient infertile women. Oral vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for improving AMH, TAOC, and PON-1 levels in vitamin D–insufficient infertile women. Therefore, assessment of vitamin D status should be performed before initiating infertility treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}