PharmaNutrition最新文献

{"title":"Methodological gaps in research on pre-exercise caffeine supplementation and exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review","authors":"Teppei Matsumura ,&nbsp;Shunya Nonoyama ,&nbsp;Takeshi Hashimoto","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Caffeine is widely used to enhance various types of exercise performance during competitions and training. However, results regarding the influence of caffeine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) have been inconsistent. This may be due to the conceptual confusion arising from the mixing of pre- and post-exercise caffeine supplementation in previous studies examining caffeine and EIMD. Given caffeine’s widespread use before exercise, this systematic review aimed to explore the influence of “pre-exercise” caffeine supplementation on EIMD and to provide concise insights into the issues with previous experiments.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search from 3 databases was conducted to examine human studies investigating the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 17 studies were included in this review. While 3 of the 17 studies reported an increase in creatine kinase (CK) immediately after exercise, the remaining studies did not report changes in CK activities between the caffeine/placebo groups/conditions. However, almost all of the included studies assessed EIMD by focusing on blood markers (almost exclusively CK) even though post-exercise CK activities are poor indicators of EIMD. These facts highlight the limited validity of previous results assessing the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD. Specifically, no study has assessed maximal voluntary torque, an appropriate EIMD marker, while accounting for the confounding ergogenic effects of caffeine itself.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review revealed that the available data are insufficient to draw conclusions regarding the effects of pre-exercise caffeine supplementation on EIMD due to methodological limitations in the included studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100476"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia sp.) as an unconventional edible plant: Nutritional potential, bioactive compounds, and evidence related to non-communicable chronic diseases","authors":"Livia Alvarenga ,&nbsp;Julie Lobo ,&nbsp;Renata Cristina Bezerra Rodrigues ,&nbsp;Juliana Guimarães da Silva ,&nbsp;Orquídea Vasconcelos dos Santos ,&nbsp;Denise Mafra","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-conventional edible plants are native veggies that can grow in various settings. They can sprout in backyards, vacant lots, sidewalks, and abandoned vegetable gardens. Ora-pro-nobis (Latin for \"pray for us\") is a non-conventional food plant that is highly nutritious and has been gaining attention for its culinary and medicinal properties. However, despite its well-known nutritional composition, only a few experimental and clinical studies have assessed the efficacy of Ora-pro-nobis and its bioactive compounds in preventing and treating chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Thus, this mini-narrative review discusses the potential advantages of Ora-pro-nobis as a nutritional approach for treating and preventing NCDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100479"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) supplementation on mitigating the progressive structural and physiological kidney decline during the ongoing natural aging process in male mice","authors":"Sherihan A. Elgohary ,&nbsp;Heba Samir ,&nbsp;Marwa M. Shaaban ,&nbsp;Abdallah M. Awadallah ,&nbsp;Abeer El Wakil","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Aging is associated with progressive renal vulnerability, highlighting the need for preventive strategies. Natural antioxidants such as artichoke leaf powder (ALP) show promise in mitigating age-related organ alterations, but their renal protective effects during early aging remain poorly understood.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study evaluated the potential of ALP supplementation to protect against early age-related renal alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Animals were divided into two groups: a young adult control group of 3-month-old mice (Y-3C, n = 5) and an early-aged control group of 7-month-old mice (O-7C, n = 17). The O-7C group was split into two subgroups, with one receiving distilled water (old placebo, O-12P) and the other receiving ALP at a dosage of 100 mg/kg body weight (old treated, O-12T) for five months.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our results showed subtle age-associated changes, including increased oxidative stress, modest elevation in kidney function markers, and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. ALP treatment significantly mitigated these early alterations, restoring several parameters toward levels observed in young adult controls. Molecular docking analysis suggested the antioxidant potential of ALP polyphenols via possible modulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway. Flow cytometry revealed improved cell viability in aged mice treated with ALP, with reductions in apoptotic and necrotic cells compared to the placebo group. Additionally, early aging-related histoarchitectural and ultrastructural changes in renal tissue were partially prevented by ALP supplementation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ALP supplementation attenuates early age-related renal alterations by enhancing antioxidant defenses and preserving kidney integrity, supporting its potential as a natural preventive strategy for maintaining kidney health during early aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100484"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D supplementation and its role in modulating ovarian reserve and oxidative stress in infertile females","authors":"Arfa Azhar ,&nbsp;Syed Mahboob Alam ,&nbsp;Faiza Alam ,&nbsp;Fatima Abid ,&nbsp;Aysha Habib ,&nbsp;Rehana Rehman","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in Pakistan, among women, with 67–85 % of those diagnosed with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) having serum vitamin D levels below 20 ng/ml. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with impaired ovarian reserve and increased oxidative stress, both of which contribute to female infertility. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral vitamin D supplementation versus a single intramuscular dose on ovarian reserve and oxidative stress markers in infertile women with low vitamin D levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This quasi-interventional study was conducted collaboratively by the Australian Concept Infertility Medical Centre and Aga Khan University, Karachi. Participants were divided into PCOS (Group A, n = 120) and non-PCOS (Group B, n = 60) groups. Vitamin D–deficient participants received a single intramuscular injection of vitamin D (200,000 IU), while vitamin D–insufficient participants received oral vitamin D (50,000 IU weekly). All participants were followed for 12 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test and paired t-test in SPSS version 22, with p &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Significant improvements in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) levels were observed from baseline to post-treatment in vitamin D–insufficient PCOS and non-PCOS participants receiving oral supplementation (p &lt; 0.01). Similarly, vitamin D–deficient participants who received intramuscular vitamin D showed highly significant increases in AMH, TAOC, and PON-1 levels (p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Intramuscular vitamin D administration effectively improves ovarian reserve and reduces oxidative stress in vitamin D–deficient infertile women. Oral vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for improving AMH, TAOC, and PON-1 levels in vitamin D–insufficient infertile women. Therefore, assessment of vitamin D status should be performed before initiating infertility treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeic acid and its derivatives as multifunctional anticancer agents: From mechanisms to clinical prospects","authors":"Amol Patil,&nbsp;Durgacharan Bhagwat","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caffeic acid (CA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound found in coffee, fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It exhibits significant anticancer potential via multiple biological mechanisms. In healthy cells, CA acts as an antioxidant, while in cancer cells it exerts pro-oxidant effects that promote cytotoxicity. CA induces apoptosis through Bcl-2 suppression, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Furthermore, it inhibits tumor metastasis by downregulating Snail and matrix metalloproteinases, and counters multidrug resistance by inhibiting efflux pump activity. CA’s derivative, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), shares these properties and exhibits synergistic effects with chemotherapeutic agents such as tamoxifen and doxorubicin. Despite compelling preclinical evidence, clinical application is limited by CA’s low bioavailability and rapid metabolism. Innovative drug delivery strategies, including nanoparticles, liposomes, and targeted systems, are being explored to overcome these challenges. Early-phase clinical trials in cancers are underway, investigating CA as a potential adjuvant or chemosensitizer. While clinical data remain sparse, CA holds promise as an integrative component in cancer therapy, warranting further investigation in well-designed clinical studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficial effects of Musa balbisiana fruit pulp and Garcinia candy on gut microbiota alterations of aged albino Wistar rats","authors":"Partha Pratim Sarma ,&nbsp;Santanu Das ,&nbsp;Swarnali Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Mojibur R. Khan ,&nbsp;Rajlakshmi Devi","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruits and vegetables, including their derivatives or preparations, play a crucial role in maintaining overall human health due to their rich nutrient content, including vitamins, minerals, fibre, and antioxidants. <em>Musa balbisiana</em> (MB) and <em>Garcinia pedunculata</em> (GP) are two versatile medicinal plants, widely used by the ethnic people of the Indian subcontinent for their remarkable health benefits, without much scientific study. In this study, we investigated the beneficial effects of these fruit preparations on lowering lipid parameters and gut microbiota in aged albino Wistar rats. Our results indicate the potential of MB and GC (a candy prepared from GP) in managing blood lipid profiles such as HDL, LDL, cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, and kidney parameters. Additionally, microbiota study revealed higher bacterial diversity (alpha diversity) and a significant increase in beneficial gut bacteria such as <em>Muribaculum</em>, <em>Phocaeicola</em>, and <em>Ruminococcus</em> following the administration of GC and MB. Additionally, dominant taxa at the genus level showed a strong association with serum biochemical markers. GC-MS analysis identified important fecal metabolites with a significant role in managing gut microbial metabolism and systemic physiological responses. Overall, this study suggests the beneficial effects of MB and GC in managing healthy aging and gut microbial composition, thereby maintaining healthy gastrointestinal physiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100471"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the preventive effects of phytochemicals on Benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung tumors in animal models","authors":"Juan Lu ,&nbsp;Wei Wei ,&nbsp;Zhixin Tang ,&nbsp;Kang Li ,&nbsp;Shouyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Wu ,&nbsp;Yuyao Yang ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100473","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Purpose&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Benzo[&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;]pyrene (B[&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;]P) is a ubiquitous environmental carcinogen strongly associated with lung cancer. While numerous phytochemicals have been identified as possessing preventive properties against B[&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;]P-induced lung cancer, existing studies have primarily focused on the effects of individual phytochemicals. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate and compare the preventive effects of various phytochemicals on B[&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;]P-induced lung cancer.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases for publications regarding the preventive effects of phytochemicals in animal models of B[&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;]P-induced lung tumors. We screened original articles providing data on lung tumor incidence, lung lipid peroxides, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Ultimately, 21 publications were included in our analysis, and statistical evaluation was performed using Review Manager 5.4.1.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our findings indicate that phytochemicals significantly reduce the incidence of lung tumors [OR = 0.03, 95 % CI = (0.01, 0.09), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0 %] and decrease lipid peroxide (LPO) levels [SMD = -3.71, 95 %CI = (-4.80, -2.62), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0 %]. Additionally, phytochemicals significantly enhance the secretion of lung antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) [SMD = 3.25, 95 % CI = (2.60, 3.90), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 42 %], catalase (CAT) [SMD = 2.94, 95 % CI = (2.44, 3.44), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 0 %], glutathione peroxidase (GPx) [SMD = 3.77, 95 % CI = (2.59, 4.96), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 68 %], Glutathione S-transferase (GST) [SMD = 2.79, 95 % CI = (2.21, 3.38), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 5 %], Glutathione reductase (GR) [SMD = 3.85, 95 % CI = (3.13, 4.57), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 23 %], and glutathione (GSH) [SMD = 4.07, 95 % CI = (2.38, 5.75), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 77 %]. Moreover, they promote the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants in the lungs, such as Vitamin C (Vit C) [SMD = 2.66, 95 % CI = (1.64, 3.68), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 72 %] and Vitamin E (Vit E) [SMD = 3.32, 95 % CI = (2.34, 4.30), &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; &lt; 0.00001, I&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = 57 %]. In this study, we grouped all phytochemicals as a single category; however, varying mechanisms among different compounds may contribute to the observed heterogeneity in some results.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Phytochemicals exhibit a statistically significant preventive effect against B[&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;]P-induced lung tumors in mice. Therefore, supplementation with appropriate phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and carotenoids, may serve as a viable strategy for chemoprevention. However, given that this study is based on animal models, further re","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100473"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breast cancer insights: Significance of Murraya koenigii and their potential in prevention and therapeutic intervention","authors":"Jayashree Venugopal ,&nbsp;Surabhi Panneerselvam ,&nbsp;Gayathri rajaram ,&nbsp;Panneerselvam Theivendren","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The review aims at discussing the therapeutic potential of Murrayanine, a bioactive compound obtained by using <em>Murraya koenigii</em>, as a new strategy in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Due to the prevalence of breast cancer across the world and the constraints of traditional treatment methods, this review examines the multiple mechanisms of action of Murrayanine, such as inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth, as well as altering major signalling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt, NF-kB, and MAPK. There is support of evidence regarding preclinical studies, which indicate that Murrayanine has strong anticancer activity in that it is effective against a range of cancer cell types, such as breast, colon, and lung cancer. It has been demonstrated to overcome multidrug resistance and minimise the levels of chemotherapy induced cytotoxicity to normal cells, thereby increasing the therapeutic efficacy of conventional chemotherapy agents, doxorubicin and paclitaxel. In addition, Murrayanine as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent also adds to its protective effects by preventing oxidative stress and inflammation associated with cancer progression. The main conclusions indicate the synergistic value of Murrayanine with chemotherapy that can be used to enhance the treatment process, decrease the adverse effects. Nevertheless, its issues like low bioavailability and the necessity to engage more clinical validation should be resolved to make the full translation of Murrayanine to clinical practise possible. The review recommends further investigation of the role of Murrayanine in the integrative cancer therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic effects of Lacticaseibacillus casei and its postbiotic on anxiety and learning behavior in rats","authors":"Buse Nur Sülük ,&nbsp;Nurhan Gumral ,&nbsp;Tuğba Kök Taş ,&nbsp;Ozlem Ozmen ,&nbsp;Rahime Aslankoc ,&nbsp;Cahide Aslan ,&nbsp;Oguzhan Kavrik","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2026.100477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gut microbiota may regulate brain function through the gut-brain axis. Probiotics have been shown to influence emotional, cognitive behaviors, including anxiety and social interaction, by altering microbial composition and signaling pathways. Postbiotics are non-viable microbial cells or their metabolities that can exert health benefits similar to probiotics. This study hypothesized that <em>Lacticaseibacillus casei (L. casei)</em> and its postbiotic derivatives could alleviate anxiety and improve learning behaviors and by modulating oxidative stress and neurochemical pathways. Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, L. casei and postbiotic (mediators of <em>L. casei</em>) groups and received daily oral supplemantation for 42 days. Behavioral tests were performed between days 33–42 and the animals were sacrificed after tests. Prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and amygdala tissues were collected for histopathological, immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses. Behavioral tests, including Elevated Plus Maze(EPM), Novel Object Recognition(NOR), Forced Swimming Test(FST), and Morris Water Maze(MWM), revealed that both probiotic and postbiotic supplemantation reduced anxiety-like behaviors (e.g.,EPM open arm time, p = 0.024; FST immobility time, p = 0.008) and enhanced memory performance (e.g.,NOR, p = 0.031;MWM target quadrant time, p = 0.021). Biochemically, L. casei and postbiotic significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (p = 0.009, p = 0.003, respectively) and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p = 0.041, p = 0.033, respectively). Although seratonin expression changes were not significant, behivioral improvements were evident. These findings suggest that L. casei and its postbiotics can be used as potential agents for anxiety reduction and cognitive enhancement through their antioxidative and neuromodulatory effects. This study emphasizes the therapeutic approach of postbiotics as an alternative to live probiotics in neurobehavioral modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bovine milk-derived exosomes as natural multimodal therapeutic agents for peripheral and central pathophysiological conditions","authors":"Subhrajita Panda,&nbsp;Faraz Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.phanu.2025.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine milk exosomes (BMEs) are dietary agents with incredible implications for human pathophysiology. As mediators of inter-species communication, they regulate cellular pathways of growth, metabolism and immunity. Natural origin, biocompatibility, and economic viability in terms of abundance and almost unlimited production, have been instrumental in generating considerable attention for their utilization as clinically-relevant therapeutic tools. Indeed, in spite of the lack of universally standardized isolation, characterization and quality-assessment protocols, BMEs have been investigated extensively as biomimetic nanoplatforms for drug delivery. However, the therapeutic actions of their endogenous cargo have remained largely unexplored. In particular, despite favourable <em>in silico</em> data, few studies have addressed the neuromodulant and neuroprotective utilities of BMEs and their endogenous payload. In this review, we first critically analyse techniques used for purification and physico-chemical characterization of BMEs. We then proceed to examine bioavailability of BMEs, with a particular focus on brain availability, and addressing potential safety issues. Next, we delineate the endogenous therapeutic actions of BMEs in diverse pathophysiological conditions such as gastrointestinal and resident microbial dyshomeostasis, metabolic, redox and inflammatory dysfunctions, and angiogenic, musculoskeletal and dermal ailments. Finally, evidences for the potential neuromodulant and protective actions of BMEs are presented. With their abilities to resist digestion in the gut and permeate the blood brain barrier (BBB), combined with the presence of a multitude of neuromodulatory bimolecular species as part of the endogenous payload, BMEs may be harnessed to serve as orally supplemented neuroprotective agents against multiple brain disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20049,"journal":{"name":"PharmaNutrition","volume":"34 ","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}