The frontier of health: Exploring therapeutic potentials of the microbiome

Abstract

The human body harbors a vast and complex community of microorganisms, primarily bacteria residing in the gut. This gut microbiome significantly impacts our health, influencing digestion, nutrient absorption, immune function, and potentially even mental well-being. An imbalance in this microbial community, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to various human diseases. This realization has opened doors to exciting possibilities in healthcare: microbiome-based therapies that aim to restore gut balance and modulate the immune response. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), involving transplanting stool from a healthy donor, and live probiotic microorganisms are two common microbiome-based therapies. Apart from consuming high-fiber foods such as the Mediterranean diet, dietary approaches for altering the microbiome include adding prebiotics that encourage the development of beneficial microorganisms. However, microbiome-based therapies are not a one-size-fits-all solution. Individual variability in gut microbiome composition across people can affect effectiveness of these therapies. Establishing clear regulations and safety protocols, addressing ethical concerns through open communication, informed consent, and responsible marketing practices, are essential for the responsible use of these therapies. Our study will examine microbiome-based therapy from its premise and mechanism to its current state of development. Additionally, development challenges and potential solutions to inspire further investigations will be discussed.