Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Transmembrane protein, MiRPH1, enhancing plant immunity through SA accumulation and antioxidants","authors":"Chen Lei ,&nbsp;Ruixiong Luo ,&nbsp;Huiliang Wang ,&nbsp;Mengting Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuoli Chen ,&nbsp;Aiping Gao ,&nbsp;He Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple transmembrane proteins perform functions such as immune stress and signal transduction, and we cloned and characterized an immune-functional, transmembrane protein MiRPH1, from mango. Expression analysis showed that <em>MiRPH1</em> has tissue-specific characteristics and is induced by pathogens and phytohormones. Under pathogenic infection, overexpression of MiRPH1 could increase the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in plants, reduces the biomass of pathogenic fungus, and upregulates the expression of multiple defense-related genes, thereby enhancing plant disease resistance. It is speculated that MiRPH1, as a transmembrane protein that exercises immune function, can enhance the resistance of mangoes to pathogenic fungus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Fusarium oxysporum tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris: Isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes","authors":"Jabulani Mabaso ,&nbsp;Nontuthuko Henema ,&nbsp;Lee-Ann Niekerk ,&nbsp;Darin Edward Holman ,&nbsp;Marshall Keyster ,&nbsp;Ashwil Klein ,&nbsp;Mbukeni Nkomo ,&nbsp;Augustine Innalegwu Daniel ,&nbsp;Arun Gokul","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research surrounding microbial biocontrol has garnered considerable attention in the last few years due to the numerous advantages as opposed to synthetic agrochemicals. <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> is an important legume that is cultivated worldwide, especially in third-world countries. The growth and yield of this crop are often severely limited by the pathogen <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. The aim of the study is to investigate the biological control potential of six plant bacterial isolates against <em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum,</em> both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Six bacterial endophytes were isolated from <em>Ledebouria ovatifolia</em> leaves (E1), <em>Solanum dulcamara</em> leaves (E2), <em>Cortalaria retusa</em> leaves (E3), <em>Euphorbia prostrata</em> roots (R1), <em>Solanum nigrum</em> roots (R2), and <em>Helichrysum splendidum</em> roots (R3). These isolates were characterized for any biocontrol activity they might have against <em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum</em> PPR1. Isolation, characterization, identification, and biocontrol antagonistic assays were carried out <em>in vitro</em> against <em>F. oxysporum</em>, following standard protocols. The isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene PCR sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the leaf isolates displayed a close relationship with <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em> (E1), <em>Streptomyces bikiensis</em> strain SBM (E2), and <em>Pseudomonas rhodesiae</em> (E3). Root isolates displayed a close relationship with <em>Enterobacter kobei</em> (R1), <em>Enterobacter</em> sp. (R2), and <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. strain (R3). Five out of the six isolates exhibited catalase activity and zinc solubilization activity, whereas all isolates exhibited siderophore production activity. Most of the tested isolates were able to produce the extracellular hydrolytic enzymes protease and amylase. The isolates exhibiting the highest hydrolytic enzyme activities were able to significantly inhibit <em>F. oxysporum</em> growth <em>in vitro</em>. <em>E</em>. <em>kobei</em> exhibited the most promising plant growth-promoting activity, hydrolytic enzyme activity, <em>F. oxysporum</em> antagonism, and increased seedling growth of <em>P</em>. <em>vulgaris</em>. These results suggest that <em>E. kobei</em> represents a good biocontrol candidate against <em>F. oxysporum</em>. The ability of this bacterial isolate to colonize and its promising biological activities suggest it has enormous potential to be used as both a biopesticide and plant growth stimulator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and functional characterization of the Pantoea ananatis nfd35 strain, a potential biocontrol agent of anthracnose disease in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim","authors":"Ziang He ,&nbsp;Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Sun ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Min ,&nbsp;Huixiang Yang ,&nbsp;Leiming Xu ,&nbsp;Dengke Yin ,&nbsp;Weifang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthracnose, caused by <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>, is a major fungal disease affecting <em>Trichosanthes kirilowii</em> Maxim. Long-term use of chemical fungicides has negative impacts on the environment and humans, and application of biological agents has been considered as a potential plant disease management strategy. To assess the potential of these endophytes for biological control, 36 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from <em>T. kirilowii</em> fruits and evaluated for their ability to combat <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> through in <em>vitro</em> assays and greenhouse tests. The bacterial community with Shannon diversity index (1.62), Simpson's index (0.76), and Pielou's evenness index (0.78) was predominantly composed of <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Pantoea</em>. Among these, <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. nfd15, <em>Pantoea</em> sp. nfd22, and <em>Pantoea</em> sp. nfd35 exhibited biocontrol potential by significantly inhibiting the growth of <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> and reducing the leaf lesions of anthracnose. Greenhouse trials confirmed the efficacies of nfd35 in reducing anthracnose symptoms on detached fruits and potted plants, with the control rate of 57.90 % and 31.54 %, respectively. Biosafety assessments confirmed its suitability for tissue - cultured plantlets and field-grown seedlings. Strain nfd35 was further identified as <em>Pantoea ananatis</em> based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and whole-genome analysis using average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI). The genome of nfd35 comprises a 4.42 Mb circular chromosome and two plasmids. Nine gene clusters were identified, and siderophore may play a major role in controlling anthracnose. These findings indicate that <em>P. ananatis</em> nfd35 is a promising biocontrol agent for the management of anthracnose in <em>T. kirilowii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new frontier in biological defense; plant microbiome as a shield against root feeding nematodes and leverage of crop health","authors":"R.R. Gowrisudha ,&nbsp;P. Vetrivelkalai ,&nbsp;B. Anita ,&nbsp;S.K. Manoranjitham ,&nbsp;A. Sankari ,&nbsp;P.G. Kavitha ,&nbsp;K. Devrajan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endophytic organisms can colonize various parts of their host, including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, which have emerged as promising biocontrol agents against plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), offering a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. This review explores the diverse roles of endophytes in managing PPN infestations across different crops. We investigate the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete endophytes in nematode control, emphasizing the production of bioactive metabolites as a key factor. Additionally, we discuss the commercialization potential of endophyte-based products and the challenges that hinder their large-scale adoption in agriculture. Finally, we provide insights into future research directions and strategies for maximizing the practical utility of endophytes in nematode management, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and collaborative efforts to address existing limitations and unlock the full potential of these beneficial microorganisms as biopesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of woody hosts to Armillaria species infections: Current insights and knowledge gaps","authors":"Pratima Devkota,&nbsp;Raymond Hammerschmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Armillaria,</em> and the closely related genus <em>Desarmillaria</em>, are a diverse group of fungi with over 40 species. Many species of <em>Armillaria</em> cause Armillaria root rot in a wide range of hosts. This disease has caused severe losses in diverse ecosystems worldwide, in both natural and managed environments. Despite the considerable efforts invested in assessing the varying degrees of resistance among diverse woody hosts to <em>Armillaria</em>, most host screening studies have neglected the integration of concepts and mechanisms pertaining to woody host defense. While a modest body of knowledge exists concerning host defense mechanisms against <em>Armillaria</em>, the research is predominantly confined to selective host species within forest ecosystems. Thus, a multitude of theoretical and applied questions pertaining to the reactions and resistance of woody hosts to pathogenic <em>Armillaria</em> species continue to remain unanswered. The present review consolidates the current understanding surrounding defense mechanisms exhibited by diverse woody hosts in response to infection by pathogenic <em>Armillaria</em> species. Additionally, it outlines potential avenues for future research in this domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of specific polyclonal antibodies and a fluorescence-based immunoassay for detecting tomato brown rugose fruit virus- Iranian isolate","authors":"Negin Rezaei ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Safarnejad ,&nbsp;Saeed Soheilivand ,&nbsp;Reza H. Sajedi ,&nbsp;Jafar Mahmoudian ,&nbsp;Masoud Shams-Bakhsh","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV; <em>Tobamovirus fructirugosum</em>) is an emerging virus species within the <em>Virgaviridae</em> family. It poses a significant threat to tomato and pepper production in Iran and worldwide. Managing ToBRFV is particularly challenging due to its stability and the ease of mechanical transmission. An effective strategy for addressing this virus involves employing quick and sensitive diagnostic method to detect its presence before symptoms appear in plants, followed by the eradication of contaminated sources. Additional strategies include serological detection methods and fluorescence-based immunoassays, which require raising antibodies for an immunochemical reaction. The aim of this study was to develop specific polyclonal antibodies against the coat protein (CP) of the ToBRFV-Iranian isolate and to create fluorescence-based immunoassays utilizing green CdTe quantum dots (QDs) to enhance the sensitivity of conventional immunoassays. To achieve this, the coding region of the ToBRFV-CP was optimized for codon usage, then cloned and expressed in the <em>Escherichia coli</em> strain BL21 (DE3) using recombinant DNA technology. The resulting recombinant coat protein was purified and used to immunize two female New Zealand White rabbits with five injections at two-week intervals. Polyclonal antibodies obtained from the rabbit antiserum were conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using the periodate method and to QDs using 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and <em>N-Hydroxysuccinimide</em> (NHS) as chemical linkers. Their characteristics and sensitivity were evaluated through various serological assays. The results indicated that both ToBRFV-CP-IgG^HRP and ToBRFV-CP-IgG^QDs exhibited high sensitivity in detecting ToBRFV. The concentrations of the antigens (ToBRFV-CP) and the dilutions of the infected extracts identified by ToBRFV-CP-IgG^HRP were 250 ng/mL and 1:16, respectively. In contrast, for ToBRFV-CP-IgG^QDs, they were 50 ng/mL and 1:32. Actually, compared to traditional immunoassays, the fluorescence-based immunoassays demonstrated two to five times more sensitive. Another finding from the study is the antibodies' ability to distinguish between samples infected with the ToBRFV-Iranian isolate and the closely related tobamoviruses. Additionally, this research represents the first successful report of a fluorescence-based immunoassay for ToBRFV. Also, alignment results of the present isolate with other isolates available in NCBI showed that this isolate has 100 % identity in antigenic regions with isolates from the USA, Jordan, Italy, Lebanon, and Albania. The antibodies could likely detect the mentioned isolates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity, phylogeny, and pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia spp. infecting avocado in India and development of sensitive point-of-care LAMP assay for detection of Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae","authors":"G.S. Madhu ,&nbsp;A.T. Rani ,&nbsp;B.M. Muralidhara ,&nbsp;G. Nayan Deepak ,&nbsp;S. Rajendiran ,&nbsp;L. Manjunatha ,&nbsp;V. Venkataravanappa","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avocado (<em>Persea americana</em>) is a vital fruit crop cultivated in the high-humid tropical regions of the Western Ghats, India, which is significantly impacted by diseases caused by <em>Lasiodiplodia</em> species. These opportunistic fungal pathogens, belonging to the <em>Botryosphaeriaceae</em> family, primarily affect woody plants, including avocados. The study aimed to identify the causal agent of graft failure, root rot, stem canker, and dieback in avocado plants. A roving survey was conducted across the Western Ghats in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala to collect symptomatic nursery seedlings and adult plants. Initial identification was performed based on conidial morphology, followed by DNA sequence analysis of the ITS rDNA, translation elongation factor 1-α (<em>tef1-α</em>), and beta-tubulin (<em>β-tub</em>) gene regions. Concatenated analysis of the ITS, <em>tef1-α</em>, and <em>β-tub</em> genes identified ten isolates of <em>Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae</em>, two isolates of <em>Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis</em>, and two isolates of <em>Lasiodiplodia iranensis</em> (syn: <em>L. iraniensis</em>). <em>L. pseudotheobromae</em> was recovered from root rot, stem canker, graft failure, and dieback; <em>L. brasiliensis</em> recovered from root rot and stem canker; and <em>L. iranensis</em> was recovered from stem canker samples. Further pathogenicity tests confirmed that these <em>Lasiodiplodia</em> isolates could induce disease in various avocado plant parts, regardless of their tissue of isolation. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for detecting <em>L. pseudotheobromae</em> targeting the <em>tef1-α</em> gene sequence. The comparative testing of LAMP products using a colorimetric dye (hydroxy naphthol blue) confirmed the presence of <em>L. pseudotheobromae</em> in symptomatic samples. This LAMP assay offers superior ease of use, cost-effectiveness, and rapid results for detecting <em>L. pseudotheobromae</em> in symptomatic plants. This study represents the first report of <em>L. pseudotheobromae</em>, <em>L. brasiliensis</em>, and <em>L. iranensis</em> infecting avocados in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of fig cultivars to three fungal pathogens associated with Botryosphaeria canker","authors":"Mahdiyeh Ghaedi ,&nbsp;Zeinab Bolboli ,&nbsp;Maryam Salami ,&nbsp;Moslem Jafari ,&nbsp;Reza Mostowfizadeh-Ghalamfarsa","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Botryosphaeria canker poses a significant threat to the health and productivity of various woody plants, including edible fig trees, worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of different fig cultivars to three prominent species of the <em>Botryosphaeriaceae</em> family: <em>Botryosphaeria dothidea</em>, <em>Neofusicoccum parvum</em>, and <em>Neoscytalidium dimidiatum</em>. These well-known canker-causing pathogens were isolated from infected fig trees in northern and western Iran and identified via morphological observations and molecular tools. This is the first global report of <em>B. dothidea</em> as a canker-associated pathogen on fig trees and the first report of <em>N. parvum</em> causing canker disease on fig in Iran. We assessed the susceptibility of 11 drought and/or salinity-tolerant fig cultivars to these pathogens using artificial inoculation of fig saplings. The assessment was based on six pathogenicity characteristics: external and internal lengths and widths of wood discoloration, number of pycnidia (whenever present), and latent period. The external length of wood discoloration was the principal contributor to the first dimension of principal component analysis (PCA), which accounted for 66.6 % of the total variance observed. This result was consistent with the outcome of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) conducted on this variable. Based on their clustering pattern in the PCA graph, as well as their ranking in induced lesion length from Tukey's multiple range comparison, fig cultivars could be classified into susceptible, semi-susceptible, and less susceptible groups. <em>Ficus carica</em> cv. 'Matti' exhibited the least length of wood discoloration and the most extended latent period when inoculated with the three <em>Botryosphaeriaceae</em> species. Among the pathogens, <em>N. parvum</em> was identified as the most aggressive, caused canker and dieback in inoculated fig saplings. The cultivars 'Siah', 'Sabz', 'Gilasi', and 'Dehdez' were susceptible to all three species within the <em>Botryosphaeriaceae</em> family. These findings enhance our understanding of Botryosphaeria fig canker and provides insights for future disease management efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102685"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification, characterization and genetic diversity of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum causing bacterial wilt of tomato in Himachal Pradesh, India","authors":"Manisha Saini ,&nbsp;Vinay Sagar ,&nbsp;Meenu Gupta ,&nbsp;Satish K. Sharma ,&nbsp;Rahul Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> species complex (RSSC) is a group of highly destructive phytopathogens known for their significant genetic and phenotypic variability. Strains of this complex affect a wide range of crops, as well as ornamentals and weeds. In the present study, bacterial wilt-infected tomato plants were collected from 42 tomato growing villages of Mandi, Kullu, Solan and Kangra districts of Himachal Pradesh, India during summer of 2024. A total of 158 isolates were identified by the RSSC-specific primer pair 759/760. Using the biovar classification scheme, 111 isolates (70.25 %) were classified as biovar 4 and 47 (29.75 %) as biovar 3. Further, phylotype-specific multiplex PCR assigned all 158 isolates to phylotype I identifying them as <em>R. pseudosolanacearum</em>. Morphological analysis of a representative strain (HToR31) using transmission electron microscopy revealed rod-shaped cells measuring 0.55–0.65 μm in diameter and 1.30–1.80 μm in length, with a polar flagellum. Furthermore, partial <em>egl</em> gene sequencing of 27 randomly selected strains from the four districts revealed the presence of six sequevars: I-44, I-46, I-47, I-57, I-70, and I-71. Notably, all sequevars except I-47 were reported for the first time in India. This study provides valuable insights into the genetic and biovar diversity of RSSC strains in Himachal Pradesh, India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102684"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights in to the genome sequence of an endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (TNOB22) from tea and its promising biocontrol activity against major diseases of tea","authors":"K. Murugavel ,&nbsp;G. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;M. Raveendran ,&nbsp;V. Sendhilvel ,&nbsp;A. Sudha ,&nbsp;L. Karthiba ,&nbsp;L. Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tea cultivation in South India is threatened by several foliar and root diseases. Use of fungicides for these diseases cause several health hazards to humans and develop fungicide resistance. In this context, the biological approaches by exploiting antagonistic bacteria especially <em>Bacillus</em> spp will play a vital role in managing the diseases and promote plant growth. Current study is focused on the isolation, identification<em>, in vitro</em> evaluation and whole genome sequencing of an efficient endophytic <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.</em> The bacterial endophyte <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> (TNOB 22) significantly inhibited several pathogens causing tea diseases. The results of whole genome sequencing confirmed the isolate as <em>B. amyloliquefacies</em> with a genome size of 3.8 Mb with 46 % of GC content. The assembled genome consists 21 contigs with 3940 protein coding sequences (CDS); 59 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The genome has speciality gene clusters <em>viz.,</em> aantibiotic resistance genes (53), drug target genes (48), transporter (191) and virulence factor genes (5). The isolate also has gene coding for several antifungal metabolites <em>viz.,</em> bacillaene, bacillomycin D, bacilysin, macrolactin H, macrolactin B, macrolactin E, macrolactin 1C, mycosubtilin, paenibactin, paenilarvin A, paenilarvin B, paenilarvin C, fengycin, iturin, surfactin and plantazolicin. The pan genome analysis revealed the presence of increasing trend of pan genome represents the isolate could adopt to various ecological niches. These findings explored the biocontrol potential of <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> (TNOB 22) against major pathogens causing diseases on tea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102680"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}