Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis associated with dieback and canker in cupuaçu trees (Theobroma grandiflorum) in Brazil","authors":"José Fábio Ferreira de Souza ,&nbsp;Kevison Romulo da Silva França ,&nbsp;Mayra Machado de Medeiros Ferro ,&nbsp;Jaqueline Figueredo de Oliveira Costa ,&nbsp;Iraildes Pereira Assunção ,&nbsp;Gaus Silvestre de Andrade Lima ,&nbsp;Francisco de Alcântara Neto ,&nbsp;Kedma da Silva Matos ,&nbsp;Maruzanete Pereira de Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cupuaçu (<em>Theobroma grandiflorum</em>) is a tropical fruit tree native to Northern Brazil. For decades, dieback symptoms have been observed in cupuaçu trees, leading to significant reductions in productivity. Between 2019 and 2020, during phytosanitary surveys conducted in orchards across the states of Acre and Amazonas, fungal isolates belonging to the <em>Botryosphaeriaceae</em> family were collected from the wood tissues of symptomatic plants. Based on morphological and multigenic analyses (<em>TEF1-α</em>, ITS, and <em>TUB2</em>), the isolates were classified as <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em> and <em>L. brasiliensis</em>. Disease incidence was estimated at 15 % among plants showing canker and dieback symptoms, from which 20 isolates were obtained. Seven representative isolates from three distinct geographic regions were selected for species identification and pathogenicity testing. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis revealed that four isolates clustered with the reference strain of <em>L. theobromae</em>, while three clustered with <em>L. brasiliensis</em>. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated that both species were capable of inducing canker symptoms and dark lesions on wood tissues. This study is the first report of <em>L. theobromae</em> and <em>L. brasiliensis</em> causing dieback and canker on cupuaçu trees in Brazil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From infection to resistance: A comprehensive review on false smut (Ustilaginoidea virens) and its impact on rice","authors":"V. Preeti Kumari ,&nbsp;Manonmani Swaminathan ,&nbsp;Ramalingam Suresh ,&nbsp;Chellappan Gopalakrishnan ,&nbsp;Muthurajan Raveendran ,&nbsp;Mannu Jayakanthan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Ustilaginoidea virens</em>, the causative agent of rice false smut (RFS), has become a globally significant pathogen, infecting rice during the booting stage by targeting floral tissues and forming smut balls that reduce yield and grain quality. It also produces mycotoxins, posing health risks to humans and animals. Fungicide resistance and the pathogen's unique infection strategy complicate management, prompting intensified research into host-pathogen interactions and sustainable control measures. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of the biology, infection dynamics, and host interactions of <em>U. virens</em>, focusing on its unconventional pathogenic mechanisms and the heightened vulnerability of rice floral tissues. It uniquely emphasizes host resistance's molecular and biochemical underpinnings, exploring how the pathogen modulates host pathways and how rice plants mount structural and chemical defenses. The review also discusses recent advances in genetic resistance, including QTL identification, resistance screening parameters, and the integration of resistance genes into breeding programs. By highlighting promising donor sources and outlining future research directions, this review serves as a critical resource for developing sustainable and targeted strategies to mitigate the RFS impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102758"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthracnose of grapevines in Sri Lanka: Pathogen identification, epidemiological insights, and in vitro evaluation of bioactive extracts","authors":"Deluxeani Sureshkumar ,&nbsp;Christy Jeyaseelan Emmanuel ,&nbsp;Devika M. De Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102771","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102771","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthracnose disease of grapevines, historically attributed to <em>Elsinoë ampelina</em>, has emerged as a significant concern in the Jaffna Peninsula, Sri Lanka. This study aimed to characterize the disease's etiology, epidemiology, and potential for biological control. Field assessments over two cultivation seasons (2022–2023) revealed a consistent pattern of disease progression, with peak incidence and severity occurring between 40 and 60 days post-pruning. Rainfall positively correlated with disease metrics, while wind speed showed a suppressive effect. Morphological and cultural characterization of 54 fungal isolates, coupled with multilocus phylogenetic analysis (ITS, actin, and histone H3), confirmed the presence of two distinct <em>Colletotrichum</em> morphotypes within the <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> species complex, potentially representing a novel lineage. Pathogenicity assays verified the virulence of representative isolates on grape leaves and fruits under both <em>in vitro</em> and in planta conditions. Furthermore, spore germination and lesion development were significantly inhibited by cell-free suspensions from <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em>, <em>Bacillus megaterium</em>, and ethanol extracts of <em>Azadirachta indica</em>, <em>Lantana camara</em>, <em>Vitex negundo</em>, <em>Stoechospermum marginatum</em>, and <em>Padina boryana</em>. These findings establish a members of new lineage of <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> complex as the primary causal agent of grape anthracnose in the region and highlight the promise of integrating biocontrol agents and botanical extracts into sustainable disease management programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102771"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of BcTRE1 as an effective RNAi target for dsRNA-Based control of Botrytis cinerea","authors":"Weibo Jin,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Zhang,&nbsp;Fangli Wu,&nbsp;Pengwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RNA interference (RNAi) is emerging as a promising approach for plant disease management. In this study, we screened five virulence-related genes of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> to identify the most effective target for controlling <em>B. cinerea</em> through RNAi pathway. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was synthesized in <em>Escherichia coli</em> and evaluated for their efficacy in suppressing spore germination, mycelial growth, and virulence in infected plants. Our results demonstrated that BcTRE1-targeting dsRNA (BcTRE1-dsRNA) exhibited the highest inhibitory activity, significantly reducing fungal growth and lesion formation compared to the other tested dsRNAs. Gene expression analysis confirmed that BcTRE1-dsRNA effectively silenced BcTRE1 expression within 7 days post-treatment, aligning with the transient protection window observed for naked dsRNA applications. To extend this protective period, we incorporated layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocarriers for dsRNA delivery, which successfully prolonged the inhibitory effect, reducing lesion formation even at 11 days post-treatment. These findings identify BcTRE1 as a key RNAi target and highlight the potential of dsRNA-LDH formulations for sustainable fungal disease management in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144205305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of novel pathogens causing black spots on Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii nut and fungicide effectiveness during post-ripening","authors":"Sisi Lai ,&nbsp;Caoliang Jin ,&nbsp;Haojie Ye ,&nbsp;Ling Li ,&nbsp;Yuhui Chen ,&nbsp;Mohamed A. Farag ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Zuying Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiasheng Wu ,&nbsp;Lili Song ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Torreya grandis,</em> a highly nutritious nut endemic to South China, undergoes a critical postharvest stage for nutrient conversion, aroma synthesis, and removal of astringency. Black spots disease is a common and serious post-harvest disease that severely affects nut quality, with black spots appearing on the hard shell and internal seed coat, accompanied by a peculiar odour. In this study, pathogens mediating for infection were annotated alongside profiling of volatiles via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) in the infected nuts. Additionally, the effectiveness of tetramycin against black spots disease was evaluated. <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em> TGBHS1 was identified as the primary causal pathogen for black spots using morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis. Furthermore, the aroma compounds of TGBHS1 infected nuts notably increased compared to the control group, including alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and ketones, especially with the unpleasant smell compounds terpinen-4-ol and Bicyclo [3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one, 4,6,6-trimethyl-, (1<em>S</em>). Optimal conditions for mycelial growth of TGBHS1 were at 30 °C and pH 5.0, with sucrose serving as the preferred carbon source. Among the tested concentrations of tetramycin, 3.0 × 10⁻³ g L⁻¹ was found to be highly effective in mitigating black spots incidence prior to the postharvest stage. Such findings offer brand-new understanding on pathogen management and postharvest optimization in <em>T. grandis</em> nut leading to improved quality and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102775"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Driving sustainability in fruit-based cropping Systems: Intercropping impacts on growth, soil health, microbial dynamics and yield stability","authors":"Himanshu Mehta ,&nbsp;Pramod Kumar ,&nbsp;Vinay Banyal ,&nbsp;Nisha Sharma ,&nbsp;Naveen Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monoculture practices in fruit orchards have resulted in critical issues such as soil degradation, nutrient depletion, biodiversity loss and reduced system resilience. Intercropping cereals and legumes within fruit-based systems presents a sustainable solution, enhancing both agroecosystem functionality and productivity. This integrative review compiles and synthesizes studies from 2000 to 2025 to evaluate the agronomic and ecological impacts of intercropping in fruit-based systems. This review critically examines the impact of intercropping on vegetative growth, reproductive performance, fruit yield and quality, soil physico-chemical properties, nutrient dynamics, microbial diversity, enzymatic activities and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal associations in fruit orchards. While focusing on cereal-legume intercropping, the review also compiles relevant studies involving other intercrops such as grasses, vegetables and medicinal plants to provide a comprehensive understanding of diverse intercropping models. Evidence demonstrates that intercropping enhances soil organic carbon sequestration, biological nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, potassium mobilization and improves exchangeable calcium and magnesium pools. Enhanced rhizosphere interactions stimulate soil microbial biomass, including beneficial bacteria, fungi and AM fungi, which contribute to nutrient cycling and organic matter decomposition. Improved leaf nutrient indices, particularly for N, P, K and micronutrients, have been consistently observed under legume intercropping. These physiological enhancements translate into increased canopy volume, trunk girth, fruit set, fruit biochemical traits (total soluble solids, sugar-acid ratio, anthocyanins), and overall yield efficiency. Furthermore, intercropping systems significantly elevate key soil enzymatic activities such as dehydrogenase, phosphatase and cellulase, indicating superior soil biological functioning. While numerous benefits are documented, studies in perennial fruit crops remain limited compared to field crops, highlighting a significant research gap. This review identifies suitable crop combinations, underlying mechanisms and future research directions aimed at optimizing intercropping practices for soil health, orchard sustainability and climate resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-fruit exogenous ATaiLing application controls fruit spot in Rosa roxburghii caused by Diaporthe cercidis and improves fruit quality","authors":"Tingting Wei ,&nbsp;Qiong Wu ,&nbsp;Lei Han ,&nbsp;Handinghong Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiaomao Wu ,&nbsp;Huaming An","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102772","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102772","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fruit spot, a newly identified fungal disease, has emerged in the major production areas of <em>Rosa roxburghii</em> in Guizhou Province, significantly reducing both fruit yield and quality. Based on pathogenicity, morphology, and multigene phylogenetic analysis, the causative agent of this disease was identified as <em>Diaporthe cercidis</em> strain LX13—the first report of this pathogen infecting <em>R. roxburghii</em>. Optimal growth conditions for <em>D. cercidis</em> LX13 on PDA medium were determined to be 28 °C, pH 7.0, full light, with glucose, peptone and yeast extract identified as favorable nutrient sources. <em>In vitro</em> mycelial growth inhibition assays revealed that four plant immunity inducers, ATaiLing (ATL), VDAL, Pulvtong and ProAct, exhibited limited direct antimicrobial activity (&lt;50 %) against <em>D. cercidis</em> LX13. Among them, ATL (active ingredients: 3 % amino-oligosaccharides and 3 % PeaT1 protein) showed the strongest antifungal effect (20.05 %–49.02 %), significantly outperforming the other inducers (2.58 %–18.96 %). Field trials demonstrated ATL efficacy in controlling fruit spot in <em>R. roxburghii</em>. Its induced resistance peaked at 14 days after the third spray (91.54 % control efficacy), then gradually declined to its lowest level at 35 days (68.30 % control efficacy). Additionally, ATL enhanced fruit quality by elevating disease-resistance compounds (soluble sugars, proteins, lignin, flavonoids, and total phenols) and boosting antioxidant activity at maturity. This study provides the first evidence of <em>D. cercidis</em> LX13 as the causal agent of <em>R. roxburghii</em> fruit spot disease and highlights ATL as an eco-friendly plant immunity inducer for sustainable disease management, offering both theoretical insights and practical solutions for cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102772"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topical application of conserved dsRNA confers sustainable broad-spectrum resistance against leaf curl disease causing begomoviruses in crops","authors":"Priyanka ,&nbsp;Vipin Hallan ,&nbsp;Yusuf Akhter ,&nbsp;Sangeeta Saxena","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaf curl disease caused by begomoviruses is a significant global threat to economically important crops. RNA interference (RNAi), activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has been proved as an effective strategy to control plant viruses. This study proposes a novel RNAi-mediated approach to combat a broad spectrum of begomoviruses. The conserved regions identified from various DNA-A components of begomoviruses were targeted to design the dsRNA molecules <em>in silico</em>. Further, these putative dsRNAs were synthesized <em>in vitro</em> from the hybrid regions of the <em>AV1/AV2</em> and <em>AC1/AC4</em> genes of the papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV). A single topical application of these dsRNAs conferred broad spectrum resistance against both PaLCuV (a monopartite begomovirus) and tomato leaf curl Palampur virus (ToLCPalV, a bipartite begomovirus). Semi-quantitative PCR revealed a negligible presence of the virus in dsRNA-treated plants compared to untreated controls. Real-time PCR analysis at 15 days post-inoculation (dpi) showed a significant reduction in virus load and an alleviated expression of <em>AV1</em>, <em>AV2</em>, <em>AC1</em>, and <em>AC4</em> gene transcripts by approximately 9.6, ∼6.1, ∼4.5, and ∼9.3 fold, respectively, against ToLCPalV in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em>. Similarly, in papaya plants dsRNA application reduced virus gene expression by ∼6.0, ∼7.7, ∼6.1, and ∼7.7 fold for <em>AV1</em>, <em>AV2</em>, <em>AC1</em> and <em>AC4</em>, respectively, compared to untreated controls. These results suggested that the antiviral immunity induced by dsRNA was sustained in plants over time. The study highlights the potential of dsRNA molecules synthesized from conserved regions of begomovirus genome, to confer resistance against leaf curl disease. This is the first report to demonstrate that topical application of dsRNA, can induce broad-spectrum resistance in plants against leaf curl disease-causing begomoviruses, offering a promising tool for managing virus diseases in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102766"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochemistry behind stress-induced modulations of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria","authors":"Deepanjali Gupta ,&nbsp;Vidya Dev ,&nbsp;Shivanshu Garg ,&nbsp;Geetanjali Bhandari ,&nbsp;K.P. Raverkar ,&nbsp;Himanshu Punetha ,&nbsp;Saurabh Gangola ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar ,&nbsp;Haider Ali ,&nbsp;Gaurav Gupta ,&nbsp;Shaohua Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biochemistry deals with how several metabolic pathways share their information through chemical, physical and biological means. In case of plants, the soil and soil residing microorganisms interact and help the plant to grow and develop as well as kill it. How these interactions take place helps to understand what kind of metabolite is involved. The basis of studying these biochemical interactions comes through metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, glycobiology and genomics. The complete understanding of the overall interactions taking place when a plant is undergoing stress will reveal the mechanisms of bio-molecular interactions with physical components involved. This will allow making shift towards plant's growth and vigour enabling productivity and ensuring food security. Among most of the known organisms to ensure plant health, the key ones are plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The current review focuses on how PGPRs interact with soil and plant and playing the beneficial role. The PGPRs not only modulate the plant by its own metabolites moreover, it accelerates the metabolic flow of various hormones present in plants and thus takes a lead on plant's metabolic system. The crucial information that PGPRs delivers to the plant makes the plant's survival possible in stress. However, the interaction is so complex that challenges remain like the genetic components along with their enzymatic and bio-molecular counterparts are not fully deciphered yet. The changing climatic conditions with an arising need for climate-resilient agriculture is dependent to a larger extent on PGPRs favouring the plants. Thereby, it becomes crucial to decipher the components involved. The current review also focuses on synergistic interactions of PGPRs and biotechnological innovations showing what progress in understanding the stress induced modulations of PGPRs to plants has been done by the scientific minds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102752"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing soybean rust resistance: Strategies, mechanisms, and innovations in gene pyramiding","authors":"Md. Motaher Hossain ,&nbsp;Farjana Sultana ,&nbsp;Mahabuba Mostafa ,&nbsp;Shanta Adhikary ,&nbsp;Naoki Yamanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102770","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102770","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the fungus <em>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</em>, is a devastating threat to global soybean production, with potential yield losses of over 80 %. The pathogen's ability to complete multiple infection cycles and its high genetic variability present significant challenges for management, as reliance on fungicides is both costly and increasingly undermined by the development of resistance issues. Genetic resistance, conferred by major resistance genes (<em>Rpp1–Rpp7</em>), offers a sustainable alternative, but the durability of this single-gene-mediated resistance is often lost by evolving pathogen populations. Gene pyramiding, the strategic stacking of multiple <em>Rpp</em> genes within a single cultivar through crossbreeding or DNA recombinant technology, has emerged as a sustainable solution to achieve enhanced resistance against diverse ASR isolates. Pyramiding or stacking of <em>Rpp</em> genes has been proven to increase the resistance level and enlarge the resistance spectrum against a complex ASR population. These multigene pyramided lines demonstrate greater durability of resistance than single <em>Rpp</em> lines, offering a prospective avenue for developing elite soybean cultivars against ASR. Many of these lines could be deployed to characterize pathotype differentiation of <em>P. pachyrhizi</em> with higher precision than differential varieties. However, several challenges, including incomplete transfer of key genetic elements, dominance effects among resistance genes, genotype × environment interactions, linkage drag, and the extended time required for breeding, complicate the implementation of gene pyramiding. Recent advancements in genomic tools, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS), genomic selection (GS), and next-generation genome editing, such as CRISPR/CAS, show potential to revolutionize the gene pyramiding process, improving precision and efficiency. This review synthesizes current progress in gene pyramiding strategies, highlights innovative tools for overcoming existing challenges, and explores future research directions to mitigate ASR's impact and promote sustainable soybean production worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}