Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Gamma-radiation as a sustainable approach for post-harvest management of tomato diseases","authors":"Smritam Maity ,&nbsp;Krishnendu Acharya ,&nbsp;Nilanjan Chakraborty","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102860","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102860","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solanaceae family includes vital crops which are economically important worldwide but they face challenges due to abiotic (drought, salinity) as well as biotic (pathogens, pests) stresses, leading to reduced yields and post-harvest losses. Tomato (<em>Lycopersicon esculentum</em> Mill.) is widely regarded as one of the most valuable horticultural crops among them. Gamma (<strong>γ</strong>) radiation is one of the promising ionizing radiation that has gained prominence as a tool to elevate resilience, nutritional qualities and most importantly shelf-life of the crops through mutational breeding. The technology can be considered as one of the most convenient process of irradiation where entire plant parts or seeds can be irradiated easily without any intricate preparations or procedures. Although the initial investments for this technology are high, it offers market-wise profitable returns and ensures high safety with zero residual effects at lower doses. The gamma irradiation can induce hormesis effects in plants in which lower doses are beneficial for plants but higher doses are detrimental for plants which can impair germination and also affect phytochemical constituents. In tomato, gamma-radiation can be able to mitigate the percentage of weight loss of fruits, control colour-change, firmness, sensory qualities, minimize ethylene production and respiration rate, enhance phytochemical contents, antioxidant properties and decrease microbial load. This kind of radiations alter gene expressions (genes associated with rotting and ripening, plant defence etc.) which ultimately benefits the plants by extending shelf-life. So, gamma radiation represents an novel approach for enhancing sustainable agricultural practices while demonstrating significant economic potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102860"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNAs regulate common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) immunity during Colletotrichum lindemuthianum infection","authors":"Sarah Kirchhofer de Oliveira Cabral ,&nbsp;Rafaela Marcondes Hasse ,&nbsp;Manuela Veiga Ferreira ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Canale ,&nbsp;Marciel João Stadnik ,&nbsp;Franceli Rodrigues Kulcheski","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthracnose, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus <em>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</em>, poses a major threat to common bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L.) production, leading to substantial yield losses worldwide. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant defense is essential for developing genetic resistance strategies. Among these mechanisms, microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation, modulating key pathways involved in plant immunity. This study investigates the expression dynamics of miRNAs in <em>P. vulgaris</em> during <em>C. lindemuthianum</em> infection and predicts their potential regulatory targets. RT-qPCR was employed to assess the temporal expression profiles of selected miRNAs, revealing distinct regulatory patterns throughout pathogen establishment and disease progression. Target prediction supported their potential roles in modulating host defense. The downregulation of <em>miR160abc-5p</em> and <em>miR393abcd-5p</em> suggests their involvement in auxin signaling pathways, essential for balancing growth and immunity responses. Interestingly, <em>miR2118-3p</em> and <em>miR5374</em> were upregulated at 48 h after infection (hai), while <em>miR2118-3p</em> expression declined at 96 hai in inoculated plants, indicating stage-specific. Both miR2118-3p and the legume-specific miR5374 were predicted to target NBS-LRR and LRR resistance genes, suggesting roles in the fine-tuning or suppression of immune responses. The expression of <em>miR5374</em>, in particular, may facilitate pathogen colonization by repressing key defense components. This study provides valuable data on the expression patterns of specific miRNAs and identifies their potential targets, suggesting their involvement in the <em>P. vulgaris</em> response to <em>C. lindemuthianum</em>. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing plant-pathogen interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102861"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dual symbiosis of the belowground arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and aboveground Epichloë endophyte synergistically alleviates perennial ryegrass leaf spots caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana","authors":"Fang Li ,&nbsp;Jie Deng ,&nbsp;Youlei Shen ,&nbsp;Tingyu Duan ,&nbsp;Chao Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102856","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102856","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and <em>Epichloë</em> endophyte are two common symbiotic fungi that enhance plant resistance to stress, but their combined effect on plant responses to biotic stress remains unclear. Using RNA-seq techniques, we evaluated the impact of co-colonization of AMF <em>Claroideoglomus etunicatum</em> and <em>Epichloë festucae</em> var. <em>lolii</em> endophyte on perennial ryegrass (<em>Lolium perenne</em>) response to leaf spot disease caused by <em>Bipolaris sorokiniana</em>. Disease severity, phytohormones, analyzed the differential expression genes related to pathogen defence to perennial ryegrass with or without AMF and <em>Epichloë</em> were evaluated. The co-colonization of AMF and <em>Epichloë</em> reduced leaf spot severity, increased plant defence enzymes, particularly catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in diseased plants. The co-colonization of AMF and <em>Epichloë</em> regulated plant disease resistance genes related to terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, biotin metabolism, and plant-pathogen interaction. Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) identified 27 hub genes and 11 resistance-related genes specifically associated with the co-colonization. These findings enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the AMF-<em>Epichloë</em> synergy and their combined effects on perennial ryegrass resistance to leaf spot disease, thereby facilitating the utilization of symbiotic microorganisms in plant disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102856"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed-borne bacterial infections: From infection mechanisms to sustainable control strategies","authors":"Kamran Shah,&nbsp;Yonghua Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102858","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seed-borne bacterial pathogens pose a critical threat to global agriculture causing substantial yield losses (reported exceeding 20 % in outbreaks) in staple crops such as rice and legumes through vertical (parent-to-seed) and horizontal (environment-mediated) transmission. Pathogens like <em>Burkholderia glumae</em> and <em>Pantoea dispersa</em> employ adhesion mechanisms, biofilm formation, and virulence factors including toxins and type III/VI secretion systems (T3SS/T6SS) to bypass host defenses and establish latent infections. While current detection methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), metagenomics, and hyperspectral imaging reveal intricate microbial dynamics, they face limitations in scalability and specificity. Traditional chemical controls are increasingly ineffective due to rising antimicrobial resistance. Emerging sustainable approaches integrate biocontrol agents (<em>e.g.</em>, <em>Bacillus</em> spp., bacteriophages), nanoparticle-based seed priming, and microbiome engineering to suppress pathogens while preserving beneficial microbiota. Case studies highlight success in managing <em>Xanthomonas</em> in rice through molecular diagnostics and resistance-inducing compounds, whereas adaptable pathogens like <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> in legumes remain challenging. Climate change amplifies risks by altering pathogen biogeography and host susceptibility, necessitating integrated solutions that combine nanotechnology, microbial ecology, and policy reforms. This review underscores the urgent need to align molecular insights with ecological principles to develop next-generation seed health strategies, ensuring food security against increasing biotic and abiotic stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting the biocontrol potential of plant growth promoting Bacillus species to control plant pathogenic fungi","authors":"Abu Barkat Md Gulzar,&nbsp;Kangkan Jyoti Hazarika,&nbsp;Gauranga Koushik Khataniar,&nbsp;Farhana Yasmin,&nbsp;Pranab Behari Mazumder","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to recent investigations, the harmful effects of plant pathogenic fungi are increasing, causing significant economic losses to crops worldwide. Chemical fungicides utilized since 1940s have negative consequences for the environment and living organisms, and fungal resistance is developed in some cases. One of the most effective alternatives is biological control, which utilises plant-associated bacteria or biological compounds. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, such as <em>Bacillus</em> species, can enhance plant growth and health while also protecting them against fungal diseases, making them a potential alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides. <em>Bacillus</em> species can form spores that survive in harsh environments for long periods. However, the biocontrol abilities of <em>Bacillus</em> species have not been fully realized, and extensive research in this field is required to understand and transfer lab findings to real-world applications. This review explores the role of <em>Bacillus</em> species as a plant growth-promoting agent, its mechanisms of biocontrol against fungal phytopathogens, and how it can improve crop productivity. Additionally, this review highlights the genomic and molecular insights into the antifungal machinery of <em>Bacillus</em> species, while also providing detailed guidance on its application process to exert induced systemic resistance in agricultural practices. It also identifies knowledge gaps and areas for further research to improve <em>Bacillus</em>-based biocontrol agents that can exert induced systemic resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytophthora spp. associated with citrus: diversity, diagnostics and integrated management with a focus on India","authors":"Ashis K. Das,&nbsp;Himanshu G. Pachare,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102853","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phytophthora</em> species, as aggressive and cosmopolitan oomycete pathogens, continue to cause substantial damage to citrus crops worldwide, resulting in considerable yield losses and economic impacts. This review provides a comprehensive update on the current understanding of the diversity, diagnostics, genomics, epidemiology, and sustainable management strategies for <em>Phytophthora</em> spp. affecting citrus with a particular focus on Indian citrus scenario. We discuss the taxonomic diversity within the genus <em>Phytophthora</em>, focusing on those species most commonly associated with citrus, such as <em>P. nicotianae, P. citrophthora</em> and <em>P. palmivora</em> and others that induce root rot, collar rot, gummosis and other devastating citrus diseases. The review also highlights advancements in diagnostic technologies, particularly molecular techniques such as PCR, next-generation sequencing, loop-mediated isothermal amplification and DNA metabarcoding, which have revolutionized early detection and pathogen surveillance. The global distribution patterns of <em>Phytophthora</em> species are outlined, with Indian data and management practices used as a regional case study. In addressing sustainable management, this review emphasizes integrated disease management (IDM) approaches, including biological control, chemical treatment, resistant rootstocks, cultural practices, and soil health strategies. The potential for environmentally sustainable practices, such as the use of disease-suppressive biocontrol agents, and the manipulation of soil microbiomes, is critically examined in the context of reducing reliance on chemical inputs with particular relevance to India and other Asian countries, where extensive research works have been conducted. This review concludes by identifying research gaps and suggesting future directions for improving diagnostics, genetic resistance, and environmentally conscious disease management practices aiming to enhance crop sustainability and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102853"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprotective and biofertilizing effects of bacteria isolated from the melon rhizosphere: A sustainable strategy for controlling fusarium wilt and enhancing melon yield and quality","authors":"Abderrazak Benkebboura ,&nbsp;Salma Mouhib ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hijri ,&nbsp;Cherki Ghoulam ,&nbsp;Ahmed Qaddoury","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102850","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melon Fusarium wilt is a major challenge to melon cultivation causing significant economic losses worldwide. While chemical fungicides are effective, concerns about food safety and environmental contamination have increased interest in eco-friendly alternatives with lower health risks for managing this pathogen. This study aimed to isolate, identify and evaluate the antifungal activity of bacteria from the melon rhizosphere against <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>melonis</em> and to assess their impact on melon yield and quality under greenhouse and field conditions. I<em>n vitro</em> confrontation assays revealed that eight bacterial isolates exhibited significant antagonistic activity compared to the control. The highest inhibition rate, 73.31 % was recorded for <em>Bacillus thuringiensis</em> (PP827365) after three days of incubation. Inoculating melon plants with these identified isolates, particularly <em>B.thuringiensis</em>, significantly enhanced growth, as evidenced by increases in leaf area (≥23.3 %), stem (≥78.3 %), and root biomass (≥85.7 %), along with improved yields (≥69.5 %), fruit quality (firmness (≥87.9 %) and Brix (≥31.2 %)) and reduced Fusarium wilt severity (≥60.1 %). These improvements were attributed on the one hand to the ability of these isolates to enhance hydro-mineral and carbon nutrition, as indicated by increased water (≥32.3 %), potassium (≥91.7 %), phosphorus (≥207.4 %), calcium (≥113.3 %), sugar (≥30.7 %), and chlorophyll (≥52.4 %) contents. On the other hand, to effective management of Fusarium wilt, as evidenced by reduced MDA (≥39.8 %), proline (≥59.9 %), and electrolyte leakage (≥33.8 %), along with increased peroxidase (≥74.4 %), polyphenol oxidase (≥88.2 %), and leaf protein levels (≥177 %). These findings suggest that <em>B.thuringiensis</em> could serve as a promising sustainable strategy for managing Fusarium wilt and boosting melon yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102850"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using Sonchus oleraceus and Cichorium intybus extracts to enhance antiviral defense genes and trigger physiological parameters in tomato plants against tomato mosaic virus","authors":"Dalia G. Aseel ,&nbsp;Marwa A. Samy ,&nbsp;Mohamed Z.M. Salem ,&nbsp;Elsayed E. Hafez ,&nbsp;Ahmed Abdel-Megeed","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102855","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant viruses pose a significant global challenge, as they severely harm a wide range of crops and significantly reduce their quality and yield. These viruses change the physiological, molecular, and biochemical processes of infected plants. Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) is recognized as one of the most widespread and destructive viruses impacting tomato cultivation globally. The current study aimed to protect tomato plants from ToMV infection by using the aqueous extracts from leaves of <em>Sonchus oleraceus</em> and <em>Cichorium intybus</em> as biocontrol agents. Additionally, the effects of both extracts on viral symptoms, plant growth, and ToMV accumulation in infected plant leaves were evaluated. The effectiveness of both extracts in inducing systemic acquired resistance against ToMV and their effects on the transcriptional levels of defense-related genes are associated with the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. These include chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H), flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), and dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR). In addition, jasmonic acid signaling pathway genes, such as JEFR, GST1, WRKY1, and WRKY19, in tomato tissues were treated with extracts. Likewise, JEFR, GST1, WRKY1, and WRKY19 were treated with the plant extracts as well. In summary, when viral diseases are prevalent, extracts from <em>Sonchus oleraceus</em> and <em>Cichorium intybus</em> stand out as an effective way to lower ToMV infections, enhance plant health, and increase agricultural production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic interaction and molecular characterization of Meloidogyne enterolobii infecting Lantana camara: A new host association from India","authors":"R. Chandana ,&nbsp;Ramesh Nayak ,&nbsp;C.P. Manjula ,&nbsp;T.R. Kavitha ,&nbsp;D. Chethan ,&nbsp;Shilpi Rawat ,&nbsp;Satya Kumar ,&nbsp;B. Prajwal ,&nbsp;N. Nagaraju","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Lantana camara</em> L., a widely distributed perennial shrub in India, is often recognized for its invasive potential and reported nematicidal properties. Paradoxically, during a survey in guava orchards of Karnataka, India, extensive root galling was observed on <em>L. camara</em> plants growing as hedge borders. This study was undertaken to investigate the causal organism and assess its pathogenic potential. Nematodes isolated from the infected roots were purified and identified as <em>Meloidogyne enterolobii</em> based on detailed morphological and morphometric characteristics of second-stage juveniles, males, females, and perineal patterns. Molecular confirmation was achieved through PCR amplification of the ITS rDNA and COX1 regions, along with species-specific SCAR primers, which yielded a 520 bp product specific to <em>M. enterolobii</em>; no amplification occurred with <em>M. incognita</em>-specific primers. BLASTn analysis of ITS and COX1 sequences showed 100 percent identity with reference <em>M. enterolobii</em> sequences, and phylogenetic analysis clustered the isolates within the <em>M. enterolobii</em> clade. Pathogenicity was confirmed via pot experiments, wherein <em>L. camara</em> plants inoculated with two isolates (ChMe1 Bengaluru and ChMe2 Kolar) developed characteristic galls and egg masses: ChMe1 produced 79.8 ± 7.16 galls and 71.2 ± 6.72 egg masses, while ChMe2 yielded 99.6 ± 12.60 galls and 86.0 ± 8.94 egg masses (mean ± SD, n = 5). The nematode completed its life cycle in 30–35 days, and its identity was reconfirmed from re-isolated specimens, fulfilling Koch's postulates. This study provides the first report of <em>M. enterolobii</em> infecting <em>L. camara</em> from India, a plant previously regarded as nematode-suppressive. The results underscore the potential of invasive perennial weeds like <em>L. camara</em> to act as alternate or reservoir hosts for aggressive nematodes, complicating nematode management in adjoining crops such as guava. The study highlights the importance of including such weeds in integrated nematode management strategies to limit inoculum buildup and pathogen persistence in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102852"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanopesticides in plant protection: Potentials, mechanistic insights, and future perspectives against phytopathogens and insect pests","authors":"Garima Bhanwala ,&nbsp;Neetika Kimta ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Ravi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102851","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102851","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The majority of pesticides are produced chemically, which might have unforeseen consequences such as excessive energy consumption, pollution, and risks to the environment and human health. Plants are emerging to be a viable, more sustainable source for the biosynthesis of nano-pesticides on a large scale. In a quick and stable single-step green synthesis process, metal ions can be bio-reduced into nanoparticles (NPs) using phytoconstituents. Nano-pesticides are more accessible, less costly, and cause less pollution while also improving environmental and human safety. Nowadays, nano-pesticides can be used to control a variety of plant pests, including bacteria, fungi, and insects. The mechanism of action of nano-pesticides affects the integrity and coloration of the cuticle, triggers immunological reactions, alters gene expression internally, and induces cellular toxicity that impairs the insect's growth and reproduction. Due to the release of reactive oxygen species and the change in their metabolic activity, insects are rendered impaired. Nanoparticles can break down the cell wall and membrane of phytopathogens, prevent spores from germinating, and interfere with bacterial replication. So, their effects go beyond only insects, and they play a big role in methods for managing both pests and diseases. This article spans research from various fields, including phytopathogens and insect pest control, plant-derived pesticides, and nano-pesticides. In terms of pest management in crop systems, this review acts as a thorough compilation, covering topics such as plant-based pesticides, green-synthesized nano-pesticides, innovative pest management strategies, NP-pest interactions, mechanisms of action of nano-pesticides, and their limitations. It highlights the ability to connect the dots between existing literature and ongoing research initiatives, with a wide range of applications for validating the use of plant extracts for pest management and developing plant-based nano-pesticides that are successful, secure, and sustainable for the environment, and widely utilized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102851"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}