Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the metabolic and genetic landscape of potato plants in response to late blight using metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling","authors":"Peng Yao,&nbsp;Chang Saili,&nbsp;Li Chaoqun,&nbsp;Liu Liangyan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis was conducted to identify the changes in gene expression, transcription factors (TFs) and metabolites in potato plants upon infection with <em>Phytophthora infestans</em> across infection groups of different time points including CK (healthy leaves without any infection), LK (susceptible early infected leaves), MK (middle stage infected leaves) and FK (late-infected leaves). A total of 1368 metabolites were identified and these metabolites, particularly flavonoids like diglucosyl myricitrin and phenolic acids like 1, 3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, were significantly regulated, suggesting their roles in plant defense. Metabolites including isoguanine, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids and lipids reflect a consistent pattern of metabolic alterations across the different comparison groups which suggests a fundamental shift in key metabolic pathways, including nucleotide metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, alkaloid regulation and lipid metabolism. The transcriptome analysis identified numerous novel genes and differential gene expression (DEGs) analysis further uncovered genes involved in stress responses, metabolism and hormone regulation, with significant shifts in expression patterns across infection groups. Significant up regulation was observed in genes related to stress responses, metabolic processes, and defense mechanisms, whereas genes involved in signaling pathways and protein kinases were predominantly down regulated. Various transcription factors such as NAP1 (NAC) and WRKY75, linked to defense, environmental stress adaptation and hormone signaling pathways showed significant differential expression. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis emphasized metabolic, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and environmental information processing pathways, underscoring the complex regulatory networks involved in plant adaptation to <em>P. infestans</em> induced stress. Comparative analysis with related species, <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> and <em>Solanum pennellii</em>, revealed conserved genes across the solanaceae family, suggesting functional divergence. This further underscores the evolutionary conservation of key stress-response and metabolic genes within the family. Our findings underscored the critical role of both metabolic and genetic responses in enhancing resistance to late blight, offering valuable insights for targeted breeding and bio control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular, Morphological identification, and Virulence profiling of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) (W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen) associated with Root-Knot Nematode inciting Fusarium wilt of tomato","authors":"Vigneshwaran K. ,&nbsp;K. Rajamohan ,&nbsp;P. Balabaskar ,&nbsp;R. Udhayakumar ,&nbsp;P. Sivasakthivelan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato <em>Fusarium</em> wilt, caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> (FOL), is a major limiting factor in tomato production in Tamil Nadu. The survey was conducted in five major tomato growing districts of Tamilnadu, India (Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem, Dindigul, and Theni) in the year 2023–2024, revealed variable FOL disease incidence and pathogen distribution whereas some location showed co-infection of FOL associated with Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) (<em>Meloidogyne incognita).</em> Among the locations the highest disease incidence was observed in Krishnagiri district of the cultivar's CO-3 and PKM-1 were highly susceptible. All FOL isolates were collected and subjected to pathogenicity testing in pot culture and disease incidence was evaluated at 4 intervals (30, 60, 90, and 120 DAT). Based on the mean disease incidence, <em>Fusarium</em> isolates were divided into low, moderate and highly virulent categories. The results showed FOL-04 as the most virulent isolate. Morphological characteristics of all isolates showed significant variability in colony morphology (white, pink, purple, brown and violet), presence and absence of Microconidia, Macroconidia and Chlamydospores. Several <em>Fusarium</em> isolates were identified and their identity was confirmed by ITS sequencing as <em>F. oxysporum</em>, <em>F. solani, F. brachygibbosum</em> and <em>F. equiseti</em>. The virulent isolate FOL -04 was identified as <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> (FOL) using TEF1-α and β-tubulin markers determining the host range of formae speciales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and enhanced powdery mildew resistance in honeysuckle induced by inactivated Erysiphe lonicerae spores","authors":"Mian Zhang,&nbsp;Yanjun Wu,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Xiao,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeysuckle (<em>Lonicera japonica</em>) is a widely utilized traditional medicinal plant that is highly susceptible to powdery mildew. This study explores whether artificially inactivated spores of <em>Erysiphe lonicerae</em>, the causal agent of honeysuckle powdery mildew, can function as a biostimulant to elicit the plant's immune response and promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites essential for its medicinal quality. To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms, we conducted secondary metabolite profiling, gene expression analysis (qPCR), powdery mildew resistance assays, and high-throughput proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Following 60 days of treatment with inactivated <em>E. lonicerae</em> spores applied at 3-day intervals, proteomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of nine key enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, along with the upstream regulatory protein calmodulin. These proteomic changes were corroborated at the transcript level by qPCR. Metabolomic analysis further demonstrated a pronounced accumulation of phenylpropanoid pathway metabolites, increased activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and elevated levels of downstream flavonoids, collectively indicating robust activation of this pathway. Additionally, treated plants exhibited significant alterations in oxidative stress markers, specifically hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA), along with sustained increases in the activities of four major antioxidant enzymes, resulting in a marked enhancement of total antioxidant capacity. Notably, pretreatment with inactivated spores at least 20 days prior to pathogen inoculation significantly improved resistance to powdery mildew, with earlier pretreatment providing stronger protection. These findings demonstrate that artificially inactivated <em>E. lonicerae</em> spores can enhance honeysuckle's resistance to powdery mildew while activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, thereby promoting the accumulation of medicinally valuable secondary metabolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt nanoparticles and salicylic acid nanoparticles on Ralstonia solanacearum suppression and soil microbial biodiversity","authors":"Nevein A.S. Messiha ,&nbsp;Sozan E. El-Abeid ,&nbsp;Mohamed A.M. El-Tabakh ,&nbsp;Saadeldeen T.S. Makaty ,&nbsp;Mostafa A.M.M. Rashad ,&nbsp;Tahsin Shoala","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial wilt, also known as potato brown rot, caused by <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>, is a quarantine disease in several areas worldwide that can significantly decrease crop yields. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt nanoparticles (GAS-NPs) and salicylic acid nanoparticles (SA-NPs) on <em>R. solanacearum</em> growth and bacterial wilt development. Four nanoparticle concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 ml/100 ml) were tested <em>in vitro</em>; only 0.1 ml/100 ml and 0.3 ml/100 ml were selected for a greenhouse experiment. GAS-NPs caused a change in the pathogen to the avirulent form at 0.3 ml/100 ml. Tomato seedlings, as indicators, were employed to test the effect of the different nanoparticles on disease development under greenhouse conditions. The highest suppressive potential was recorded for GAS-NPs at 0.3 ml/100 ml, followed by SA-NPs at 0.3 ml/100 ml. The disease was suppressed by 100 % and 92 %, respectively, indicating the potential of GAS-NPs and SA-NPs as effective treatments. Metagenomics analysis was employed to study the impact of the high concentration of the two nanomaterials on tomato rhizosphere bacterial biodiversity. SA-NPs caused a clear shift in bacterial biodiversity with a significant decrease in alpha diversity. A general increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and a decrease in the abundance of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Thermomicrobiales compared to the untreated control was recorded. GAS-NPs increased the abundance of Micrococcaceae. GAS-NPs are to be evaluated under field conditions in the long term to further confirm their direct effect on pathogen virulence and low impact on soil biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe vaccinii on Eucalyptus camaldulensis in India","authors":"Nitika Negi ,&nbsp;Ramkrishna ,&nbsp;Maneesh S. Bhandari ,&nbsp;Rajendra K. Meena ,&nbsp;Shailesh Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first morphological and molecular identification of <em>Erysiphe vaccinii</em> affecting various <em>Eucalyptus</em> clones in India. The microscopic characteristics closely correspond to those described for the asexual morph of <em>Erysiphe</em> species. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference—based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the newly collected Indian powdery mildew specimen from <em>Eucalyptus</em>, along with authentic sequences of 112 specimens representing 54 species retrieved from GenBank—conclusively identified the species as <em>E</em><em>.</em> <em>vaccinii</em>. Pathogenicity was confirmed through artificial inoculation, with fungal features on experimentally infected leaves matching those observed on naturally infected leaves. Recent research has highlighted that this pathogen poses a significant threat to the global blueberry industry, necessitating further investigation to assess its distribution and potential impact on forestry in northern India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance mechanisms in Oryza species against Meloidogyne graminicola: Insights into nematode penetration and reproduction","authors":"M. Themuhi ,&nbsp;Debanand Das ,&nbsp;B. Rajeshwaran ,&nbsp;Mateti Gayithri ,&nbsp;K. Narmadha","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was conducted to understand the resistance mechanisms of various <em>Oryza</em> species against <em>Meloidogyne graminicola</em>, focusing on nematode penetration, development, reproduction, and biochemical responses. Resistant (<em>Oryza glaberrima</em>: IR 101800, IR 102226 and IR 102336), moderately resistant (<em>O. rufipogon</em> (local germplasm) and <em>O. sativa</em>: var. Sonjul Bao), and susceptible (<em>O. sativa</em>: var. Luit and Bina Dhan 11) germplasm/varieties were considered for these studies. Nematode penetration was significantly delayed in resistant germplasm, initiating at 4 days after inoculation (DAI), compared to 12 h in susceptible varieties. At 28 DAI, resistant germplasm shelter fewer juveniles and produced fewer galls (6–9/plant); compared to the susceptible rice variety Luit (22 galls/plant). The phenolic compound accumulation was increased resulting in enhanced defence enzyme activity in resistant germplasm. Total phenol content peaked at 14 DAI, with <em>O. glaberrima</em> (IR 102226) showing the highest levels (153.1 μg GA/g fresh weight) compared to Luit (87.6 μg GA/g). Enzymatic activity was elevated in resistant germplasm, with IR 102226 recording 8.8 U/g peroxidase (PO), 72.4 U/g polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and 120.8 U/g phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) at 14 DAI, significantly outperforming the susceptible check. Principal component analysis demonstrated strong correlations between elevated phenolic content, enzyme activity, and nematode resistance. These findings underscore the pivotal role of biochemical defences in delaying nematode development and reproduction in resistant germplasm. <em>O. glaberrima</em> (IR 102226) exhibiting robust pre- and post-infectional resistance is a valuable genetic resource for breeding programs targeting sustainable <em>M. graminicola</em> management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HG-I associated with damping-off and wilt of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in India","authors":"D. Chethan ,&nbsp;R. Chandana ,&nbsp;Farooq Khan ,&nbsp;B.S. Kavya ,&nbsp;T. Tharana Poonacha ,&nbsp;R. Karan ,&nbsp;Akash Bevanur ,&nbsp;R. Kruthika ,&nbsp;K.S. Ashwini ,&nbsp;Yerranagari Vani ,&nbsp;S.R. Anand ,&nbsp;A. Mohan Rao ,&nbsp;K.B. Palanna","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quinoa, <em>Chenopodium quinoa</em>, was domesticated first in the Andean countries of South America and has been widely cultivated in most countries due to its unique nutritional value and health benefits. In fields, characteristic wilting and girdling symptoms on stems of quinoa plants were observed in Bengaluru and Chamarajanagara districts, Karnataka, India. The associated pathogen was isolated, purified and identified as <em>Rhizoctonia</em> sp. based on cultural and morphological characterization and nuclear staining revealed a multi-nuclei condition of the pathogen. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region supported by cultural morphological characteristics revealed <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> as a causal agent and its anastomosis group AG-4 HG-I confirmed using specific primers for each anastomosis group and sub-group. A pathogenicity test combined with pathogen re-isolation and identification was carried out to validate Koch's postulates. Cultural characterization revealed that potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 30 °C with pH 7 was ideal for better growth of <em>R</em>. <em>solani</em>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of damping-off and wilt caused by <em>R</em>. <em>solani</em> on <em>C</em>. <em>quinoa</em> in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigene phylogeny and diversity of Phytophthora and Phytopythium species associated with avocado root rot in India and development of a point-of-care LAMP assay for Phytophthora cinnamomi and Phytopythium vexans","authors":"G.S. Madhu ,&nbsp;A.T. Rani ,&nbsp;B.M. Muralidhara ,&nbsp;G. Nayan Deepak ,&nbsp;S. Rajendiran ,&nbsp;M. Ayyandurai ,&nbsp;V. Venkataravanappa","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Avocado root rot, predominantly caused by <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> poses a major threat to avocado cultivation worldwide. However, the potential role of other <em>Phytophthora</em> and <em>Phytophthora</em>-like oomycete species in avocado decline remains largely unexplored. To address this knowledge gap, surveys were conducted across avocado orchards in the Western Ghats region of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, India, to assess the diversity and pathogenicity of <em>Phytophthora</em> and <em>Phytopythium</em> species associated with root rot. Oomycete isolates were recovered from symptomatic root samples collected from 42 avocado orchards. Morphological characterization, coupled with multilocus sequence analysis targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 (<em>COX1</em>), and β-tubulin (<em>β-tub</em>) genes, facilitated species identification. Furthermore, pathogenicity tests confirmed the virulence of the isolates. Among the surveyed orchards, <em>Phytophthora</em> species were isolated from 26 orchards, with <em>P. cinnamomi</em> being the most frequently detected, occurring in 22 orchards. Additionally, <em>P. tropicalis</em> was identified in 2 orchards, while <em>P. nicotianae</em> and <em>P. kelmanii</em> were each found in 1 orchard. In parallel, 9 <em>Phytopythium</em> isolates were recovered, with <em>Phytopythium vexans</em> detected in 7 orchards and <em>Phytopythium chamaehyphon</em> in 2 orchards. Among all isolates, <em>P. cinnamomi</em> exhibited the highest virulence, underscoring its primary role in avocado root rot. To facilitate early and accurate detection of the predominant pathogens, <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> and <em>Phytopythium vexans</em>, in infected plants and nursery seedlings, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed. The sensitivity of LAMP assay detection limits for <em>P. cinnamomi</em> was 25 pg, while for <em>Pp. vexans</em> was detected at 50 pg. This assay provides a rapid, highly sensitive, and reliable diagnostic tool, strengthening disease surveillance and management strategies for avocado cultivation in the region. This study highlighted the novel host record of <em>P. Kelmanii</em> and <em>Pp. chamaehyphon</em> in avocado root rot and <em>Pp. vexans</em> first report in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143916684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Colletotrichum nymphaeae inciting crown rot in strawberry from India: Insights from morpho-cultural characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetics","authors":"Adesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Shubham Saini ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Saini ,&nbsp;Sushil Sharma ,&nbsp;Rakesh Gehlot ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar ,&nbsp;Rakesh Kumar ,&nbsp;K.C. Rajeshkumar ,&nbsp;Roomi Rawal ,&nbsp;Vikas Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;R.P.S. Dalal","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crown rot is a devastating disease of strawberry (<em>Fragaria</em> x <em>ananassa)</em> leading to substantial yield losses across world. Further it is a complex disease with involvement of multiple pathogens as incitant worldwide, making it challenging to rule out the exact causal agent. During a recent survey of strawberry farm in Haryana during <em>November</em> 2024, severe crown rot symptoms were observed on crown only whilst no symptoms were observed on fruit and leaves at farmer's field. Morpho-cultural characterization revealed the association of species from <em>Colletotrichum acutatum</em> species complex. Multi-gene phylogenetics based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS), <em>actin</em> (<em>ACT</em>), <em>glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase</em> (<em>GAPDH</em>) confirmed the identity of pathogen as <em>Colletotrichum nymphaeae</em>. Pathogenicity tests revealed that in addition to crown region, the pathogen have ability to infect leaves and fruits. To our knowledge, this is the first report of <em>Colletotrichum nymphaeae</em> inciting strawberry crown rot in India and it underscores the need for heightened vigilance and integrated disease management strategies to mitigate its potential threat to strawberry production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102731"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol potential of endophytes against Rhizoctonia bataticola: Antifungal activity, metabolite profiling, and plant defense mechanisms","authors":"Aarthi R ,&nbsp;Devanathan M ,&nbsp;Harish S ,&nbsp;Ganesan K N ,&nbsp;Manivannan V","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundnut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.), a vital oilseed crop, is highly vulnerable to root rot disease caused by <em>Rhizoctonia bataticola</em> (Taub.) Butler. This study focused on isolating endophytes with antagonistic potential against <em>R. bataticola</em>. Among the isolated endophytes, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> RMV 3 exhibited the highest inhibition rate (83.33 %) in culture filtrate assays, followed by <em>Trichoderma asperellum</em> RTM 6 (71.85 %). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of secondary metabolites revealed notable compounds, including Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione, hexahydro-3-(phenylmethyl)-, which demonstrated strong molecular binding affinities of −7.1 kcal/mol against chitinase and −6.9 kcal/mol against transferase. Under greenhouse conditions, seed treatment and soil application with <em>T. asperellum</em> RTM 6 and <em>B. subtilis</em> RMV 3 significantly improved plant performance, enhancing the vigour index (5613.58) and germination rate (91.23 %), while reducing disease incidence to just 6.7 %. In the health check, the germination rate was (75.32 %) with vigour index (2872.46). Additionally, these treatments induced a pronounced increase in defense-related enzyme activities, including peroxidase (3.49fold increase), polyphenol oxidase (4.73fold increase) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (1.88fold increase) over control in groundnut plants. These findings highlight the potential of <em>T. asperellum</em> RTM 6 and <em>B. subtilis</em> RMV 3 as effective biological control agents, offering a sustainable approach to managing root rot in groundnut cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102734"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143922296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}