Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Molecular profiling of PLATZ gene family in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and overexpression of CaPLATZ6 confers enhanced resistance to anthracnose pathogen, Colletotrichum truncatum L.","authors":"Swarna Manjari Mishra ,&nbsp;Sravya Sruti Tamarapalli ,&nbsp;Rukmini Mishra ,&nbsp;Raj Kumar Joshi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding (PLATZ) transcription factors are widely involved in growth, development and stress response. In the present study, we have conducted a genome-wide profiling of <em>PLATZ</em> gene family in pepper (<em>Capsicum annuum)</em> and examined their functions in response to defense hormones and pathogen infection. The pepper genome contains 12 <em>PLATZ</em> genes that could be classified into four groups with each group possessing similar intron-exon structures and motif composition. <em>Cis</em>-element analysis of the promoter regions of the PLATZ genes showed the presence of binding site for proteins responsive to growth and development, light signaling, phytohormones and stress response. <em>CaPLATZ1, 2, 3, 6, 8</em> and <em>9</em> were differentially expressed in response to defense hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) with <em>CaPLATZ6</em> significantly induced with SA and JA and repressed with ET. qRT-PCR analysis of the <em>PLATZ</em> genes in the resistant pepper cultivar Punjab Lal (PL) and sensitive line Arka Lohit (AL) post treatment with anthracnose pathogen <em>Colletotrichum truncatum (cot)</em> showed that <em>CaPLATZ3</em> and <em>CaPLATZ6</em> were significantly induced under incompatible resistant interaction. Furthermore, transgenic pepper plants from the sensitive line AL overexpressing <em>CaPLATZ6</em> showed enhanced resistance to anthracnose, as revealed by decreased fungal growth and up-regulated expression of defense-responsive genes. These results indicate fresh insights about the expression and likely role of <em>PLATZ</em> genes and their potential application in engineering stress tolerant crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome-hormone network analysis tentatively reveals a chalcone synthase 1-dependent pathway for tobacco mosaic virus resistance in tobacco","authors":"Fuxin Li ,&nbsp;Min Ren ,&nbsp;Lihua Li ,&nbsp;Jiang Wu ,&nbsp;Fengjie Wei ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Qu ,&nbsp;Ying Tong ,&nbsp;Xiuming Wu ,&nbsp;Yangyang Sun ,&nbsp;Aiguo Yang ,&nbsp;Shuai Chen ,&nbsp;Yinchao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) is one of the most widespread and common diseases in tobacco production and is extremely harmful to tobacco. Numerous studies have shown that flavonoids have a wide range of biological activities, such as UV protectors, signaling molecules in plant-microbe interactions, and antioxidants. CHS, a key phenylpropanoid pathway enzyme, catalyzes chalcone biosynthesis, which are precursors for anthocyanins and flavonols. These compounds regulate plant pigmentation and exhibit antioxidant, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. In the current study, we generated NtCHS1-overexpressing (CO) and interfering (CR) tobacco lines in HD and DBJ599 backgrounds, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing and phytohormone profiling (JA, SA, and derivatives) were performed at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-TMV infection. Identification of 1867 specific differentially expressed genes (SDEGs), enriched in MAPK signaling, hormone transduction, and flavonoid pathways, with NAC, MYB, and WRKY transcription factors dominating the regulatory network. PCA of transcriptome data revealed three temporal clusters, with CR showing delayed responses at 48 h. Hormone analysis showed biphasic JA/SA patterns: JA declined until 24 h but rebounded at 48 h, while SA peaked at 6 h before suppression. CR exhibited reduced JA/SA compared to DBJ599, whereas CO showed SA deficiency. weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) highlights a green module that is closely linked to hormone dynamics. It contains <em>Nitab4.5_0000662g0120</em>, a putative hub gene in jasmonate biosynthesis, a gene that will be the focus of our future validation. The functional validation of <em>Nitab4.5_0000662g0120</em> in this study remains incomplete as well as the molecular mechanism by which <em>NtCHS1</em> cross-regulates SA-JA signaling has yet to be resolved. Despite these constraints, this research work deepens the understanding of flavonoid-hormone interactions in antiviral immunity and provides a roadmap for engineering anti-TMV crops through metabolic pathway modulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the synergistic activity of biocontrol agents in combating Xanthomonas citri pv. malvacearum and promoting of physio-chemical responses in cotton","authors":"Usman Arshad ,&nbsp;Yaxing Feng ,&nbsp;Muhammd Raheel ,&nbsp;Waqas Ashraf ,&nbsp;Muhammad Amjad Ali ,&nbsp;Iqra Naeem ,&nbsp;Kexin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cotton (<em>Gossypium hirsutum</em> L.) is an important fiber crop in agriculture-based economy countries, identifying the yield and quality-limiting factors are the key concerns for cotton growers. In this regard, many abiotic and biotic factors are reported to have a negative impact on cotton quality and eventually impact the textile industry. Bacterial blight of cotton (BBC) caused by <em>Xanthomonas citri</em> pv. <em>malvacearum</em> (<em>X. citri</em> pv. <em>malvacearum</em>) poses a major threat to cotton crops worldwide and epidemics largely depend on suitable environmental conditions. In the present study biocontrol agents <em>Bacillus s</em><em>ubtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> and <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> were tested individually and in combinations for sustainable control of the BBC of cotton. Among the treatments <em>B. subtilis</em> + <em>P. fluorescens</em> exhibited promising results in controlling BBC incidence (40 %) under field conditions, stimulated plant growth and improved fiber fitness, fiber quality and staple length. In addition to antagonism, these bio-agents triggered defensive enzymes and showed higher activity of peroxidases, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, β-1,3 glucanase. However, physiological traits such as transpiration rate, water use efficiency, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll and cell membrane stability were found to be enhanced in <em>B. subtilis</em> + <em>P. fluorescens</em> treated plants. The overall results revealed that combined application of <em>B. subtilis</em> + <em>P. fluorescens</em> could significantly augment plant productivity, reduce BBC disease incidence and trigger physio-chemical attributes, indirectly sustaining plant health and improving fiber traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143825346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploitation of Chaetomium globosum and AMF against Macrophomina phaseolina causing root and crown rot in strawberry and its underlying mechanisms by molecular docking","authors":"I.S. Jothini Varsha ,&nbsp;L. Rajendran ,&nbsp;K. Saravanakumari ,&nbsp;G. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;B. Vinothkumar ,&nbsp;R. Anandham","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102697","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102697","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strawberry is a widely cultivated fruit known for its sweet flavor and nutritional value faces significant threats from soil-borne pathogens namely <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em>, leading to low plant stand and fruit yield losses up to 40 %. As an age old practice, farmers use increased levels of fumigants and synthetic fungicides as regular application which caused adverse effects on the soil and plant ecosystem. Thus, this study explores the potential fungal and bacterial biocontrol agents, namely <em>Chaetomium globosum</em> (Cg-6 and Cg-40) and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (Bbv-57), as an alternative and eco-friendly management strategy. The root rot pathogen has been isolated from the infected samples of strawberry crop and morphological, molecular characterization has been confirmed as <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em> <strong>(PQ013056)</strong>. <em>In vitro</em> assays showed that Cg-6, Cg-40, and Bbv-57 inhibited <em>M. phaseolina</em> by 67.77 %, 63.88 %, and 56.66 % respectively. Further, scanning and electron microscopic (SEM) observation demonstrated the lytic actions of Cg-6, Cg-40 and Bbv-57 on root rot pathogen. Further, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis recorded key antimicrobial and antifungal compounds produced during di-trophic interactions and this was confirmed by molecular docking where high affinity of docosatetraenoic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, fraxin with two major pathogenesis related proteins chitinase and endoglucanse responsible for disease suppression. To manage, liquid formulations of these biocontrol agents were developed, applied individually (basal + seedling dip + soil drenching) and along with AMF as a basal dose and tested under polyhouse conditions. The combined application of <em>Chaetomium globosum</em> Cg-40 with AMF as basal significantly reduced root rot disease severity up to 76.20 % and also increased the defense enzymes. This suggests that integrating biocontrol agents with mycorrhizal fungi offers a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides for managing soil borne diseases of strawberry which leads to quality fruit yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of tomato leaf mold resistance gene Cf-12 against Cladosporium fulvum","authors":"Xinyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Liu ,&nbsp;Xinxin Xie ,&nbsp;Menglin Sun ,&nbsp;Nanshan Du ,&nbsp;Dongqi Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato leaf mold caused by <em>Cladosporium fulvum</em> (<em>C. fulvum</em>, syn. <em>Passalora fulva</em>) is one of the most devastating diseases affecting tomatoes. <em>C. fulvum</em> evolves very fast. Cultivars containing <em>Cf</em> that are resistant to <em>C. fulvum</em> are easily infected by newly differentiated physiological races. In this study, physiological and biochemical indicators of <em>Cf-12</em> plants and knockout lines <em>Slcf-12-28</em> were determined, and transcriptomic analysis was performed after inoculation to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the incompatibility interaction between <em>Cf-12</em> and <em>C. fulvum</em>. The results showed that <em>Cf-12</em> could quickly recognize the effectors secreted by <em>C. fulvum</em> and induce a large number of reactive oxygen species at the infection site, which led to a rapid increase in antioxidant enzyme activities and the accumulation of antibacterial substances such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, phytoalexin, lignin, phenols, and flavonoids during secondary metabolism. At the same time, it induces the upregulation of <em>AOS</em>, <em>AOC</em> and <em>OPR</em> in the JA synthesis pathway, and activates the expression of early resistance response genes initiated by JA. Finally, local hypersensitive necrosis occurred in the cells around the infection points of <em>C. fulvum</em>, limiting further infection of <em>C.fulvum</em>. In conclusion, these results contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanism of the incompatibility interaction between Cf and <em>C. fulvum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmembrane protein, MiRPH1, enhancing plant immunity through SA accumulation and antioxidants","authors":"Chen Lei ,&nbsp;Ruixiong Luo ,&nbsp;Huiliang Wang ,&nbsp;Mengting Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuoli Chen ,&nbsp;Aiping Gao ,&nbsp;He Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple transmembrane proteins perform functions such as immune stress and signal transduction, and we cloned and characterized an immune-functional, transmembrane protein MiRPH1, from mango. Expression analysis showed that <em>MiRPH1</em> has tissue-specific characteristics and is induced by pathogens and phytohormones. Under pathogenic infection, overexpression of MiRPH1 could increase the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in plants, reduces the biomass of pathogenic fungus, and upregulates the expression of multiple defense-related genes, thereby enhancing plant disease resistance. It is speculated that MiRPH1, as a transmembrane protein that exercises immune function, can enhance the resistance of mangoes to pathogenic fungus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102691"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Fusarium oxysporum tolerance in Phaseolus vulgaris: Isolation and characterization of bacterial endophytes","authors":"Jabulani Mabaso ,&nbsp;Nontuthuko Henema ,&nbsp;Lee-Ann Niekerk ,&nbsp;Darin Edward Holman ,&nbsp;Marshall Keyster ,&nbsp;Ashwil Klein ,&nbsp;Mbukeni Nkomo ,&nbsp;Augustine Innalegwu Daniel ,&nbsp;Arun Gokul","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research surrounding microbial biocontrol has garnered considerable attention in the last few years due to the numerous advantages as opposed to synthetic agrochemicals. <em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> is an important legume that is cultivated worldwide, especially in third-world countries. The growth and yield of this crop are often severely limited by the pathogen <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. The aim of the study is to investigate the biological control potential of six plant bacterial isolates against <em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum,</em> both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em>. Six bacterial endophytes were isolated from <em>Ledebouria ovatifolia</em> leaves (E1), <em>Solanum dulcamara</em> leaves (E2), <em>Cortalaria retusa</em> leaves (E3), <em>Euphorbia prostrata</em> roots (R1), <em>Solanum nigrum</em> roots (R2), and <em>Helichrysum splendidum</em> roots (R3). These isolates were characterized for any biocontrol activity they might have against <em>F</em>. <em>oxysporum</em> PPR1. Isolation, characterization, identification, and biocontrol antagonistic assays were carried out <em>in vitro</em> against <em>F. oxysporum</em>, following standard protocols. The isolates were identified using 16S rRNA gene PCR sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis indicated that the leaf isolates displayed a close relationship with <em>Bacillus altitudinis</em> (E1), <em>Streptomyces bikiensis</em> strain SBM (E2), and <em>Pseudomonas rhodesiae</em> (E3). Root isolates displayed a close relationship with <em>Enterobacter kobei</em> (R1), <em>Enterobacter</em> sp. (R2), and <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. strain (R3). Five out of the six isolates exhibited catalase activity and zinc solubilization activity, whereas all isolates exhibited siderophore production activity. Most of the tested isolates were able to produce the extracellular hydrolytic enzymes protease and amylase. The isolates exhibiting the highest hydrolytic enzyme activities were able to significantly inhibit <em>F. oxysporum</em> growth <em>in vitro</em>. <em>E</em>. <em>kobei</em> exhibited the most promising plant growth-promoting activity, hydrolytic enzyme activity, <em>F. oxysporum</em> antagonism, and increased seedling growth of <em>P</em>. <em>vulgaris</em>. These results suggest that <em>E. kobei</em> represents a good biocontrol candidate against <em>F. oxysporum</em>. The ability of this bacterial isolate to colonize and its promising biological activities suggest it has enormous potential to be used as both a biopesticide and plant growth stimulator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102688"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic and functional characterization of the Pantoea ananatis nfd35 strain, a potential biocontrol agent of anthracnose disease in Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim","authors":"Ziang He ,&nbsp;Feng Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Sun ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Rui Min ,&nbsp;Huixiang Yang ,&nbsp;Leiming Xu ,&nbsp;Dengke Yin ,&nbsp;Weifang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthracnose, caused by <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>, is a major fungal disease affecting <em>Trichosanthes kirilowii</em> Maxim. Long-term use of chemical fungicides has negative impacts on the environment and humans, and application of biological agents has been considered as a potential plant disease management strategy. To assess the potential of these endophytes for biological control, 36 endophytic bacterial strains were isolated from <em>T. kirilowii</em> fruits and evaluated for their ability to combat <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> through in <em>vitro</em> assays and greenhouse tests. The bacterial community with Shannon diversity index (1.62), Simpson's index (0.76), and Pielou's evenness index (0.78) was predominantly composed of <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Pantoea</em>. Among these, <em>Pseudomonas</em> sp. nfd15, <em>Pantoea</em> sp. nfd22, and <em>Pantoea</em> sp. nfd35 exhibited biocontrol potential by significantly inhibiting the growth of <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> and reducing the leaf lesions of anthracnose. Greenhouse trials confirmed the efficacies of nfd35 in reducing anthracnose symptoms on detached fruits and potted plants, with the control rate of 57.90 % and 31.54 %, respectively. Biosafety assessments confirmed its suitability for tissue - cultured plantlets and field-grown seedlings. Strain nfd35 was further identified as <em>Pantoea ananatis</em> based on phenotypic and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA sequencing, and whole-genome analysis using average nucleotide identity (ANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI). The genome of nfd35 comprises a 4.42 Mb circular chromosome and two plasmids. Nine gene clusters were identified, and siderophore may play a major role in controlling anthracnose. These findings indicate that <em>P. ananatis</em> nfd35 is a promising biocontrol agent for the management of anthracnose in <em>T. kirilowii</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new frontier in biological defense; plant microbiome as a shield against root feeding nematodes and leverage of crop health","authors":"R.R. Gowrisudha ,&nbsp;P. Vetrivelkalai ,&nbsp;B. Anita ,&nbsp;S.K. Manoranjitham ,&nbsp;A. Sankari ,&nbsp;P.G. Kavitha ,&nbsp;K. Devrajan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endophytic organisms can colonize various parts of their host, including bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes, which have emerged as promising biocontrol agents against plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), offering a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. This review explores the diverse roles of endophytes in managing PPN infestations across different crops. We investigate the mechanisms underlying the efficacy of bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete endophytes in nematode control, emphasizing the production of bioactive metabolites as a key factor. Additionally, we discuss the commercialization potential of endophyte-based products and the challenges that hinder their large-scale adoption in agriculture. Finally, we provide insights into future research directions and strategies for maximizing the practical utility of endophytes in nematode management, highlighting the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and collaborative efforts to address existing limitations and unlock the full potential of these beneficial microorganisms as biopesticides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102681"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of woody hosts to Armillaria species infections: Current insights and knowledge gaps","authors":"Pratima Devkota,&nbsp;Raymond Hammerschmidt","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Armillaria,</em> and the closely related genus <em>Desarmillaria</em>, are a diverse group of fungi with over 40 species. Many species of <em>Armillaria</em> cause Armillaria root rot in a wide range of hosts. This disease has caused severe losses in diverse ecosystems worldwide, in both natural and managed environments. Despite the considerable efforts invested in assessing the varying degrees of resistance among diverse woody hosts to <em>Armillaria</em>, most host screening studies have neglected the integration of concepts and mechanisms pertaining to woody host defense. While a modest body of knowledge exists concerning host defense mechanisms against <em>Armillaria</em>, the research is predominantly confined to selective host species within forest ecosystems. Thus, a multitude of theoretical and applied questions pertaining to the reactions and resistance of woody hosts to pathogenic <em>Armillaria</em> species continue to remain unanswered. The present review consolidates the current understanding surrounding defense mechanisms exhibited by diverse woody hosts in response to infection by pathogenic <em>Armillaria</em> species. Additionally, it outlines potential avenues for future research in this domain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}