Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Shifting from traditional to intensive carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) production systems: Exploring major phytosanitary issues and emerging challenges","authors":"Imane Hourmatallah ,&nbsp;Salma El Iraqui El Houssaini ,&nbsp;Sanae Guissi ,&nbsp;Hajar Hamzaoui ,&nbsp;Zineb El Forahi ,&nbsp;Amal Labioui ,&nbsp;Fouad Mokrini ,&nbsp;Faical Aoujil ,&nbsp;Ahmed El Bakkali ,&nbsp;Rachid Mrabet ,&nbsp;Khaoula Habbadi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102829","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102829","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carob tree (<em>Ceratonia siliqua</em> L.) holds significant ecological and economic value in the Mediterranean basin. Traditionally cultivated in low-input, mixed agroecosystems, carob orchards maintain high genetic diversity and ecological plasticity. Known for its resilience and minimal input requirements, carob has historically been grown mainly as livestock feed. In the face of increasing environmental stresses and rising global demand, understanding the carob tree's ecological role can help develop resilient agricultural methods, restore ecosystems, and ensure the long-term sustainability of its cultivation despite reduced genetic diversity, climate change and increasing pest and disease pressures.</div><div>Intensive practices—such as monocropping, high-density planting, and excessive irrigation—disrupt the ecological equilibrium, that naturally suppressed pest and pathogen pressure. These practices create homogeneous environments conducive to the spread of pathogens and pest proliferation, challenging the tree's natural resilience.</div><div>This review highlights major fungal, bacterial, and insect threats to carob systems, examining their biology and epidemiology. It also projects how the transition from traditional to intensive production systems increases the crop's susceptibility to pests and diseases.</div><div>We emphasize the need for integrated management approaches combining sustainable practices with agricultural technology to maintain carob productivity and health. Potential strategies—such as selecting resistant cultivars, diversifying orchard varieties, optimizing cultural practices, and using biological control—could offer promising solutions to the challenges associated with the transition toward intensified cultivation. Our prospective analysis underscores the critical need of integrating agroecological principles with modern agricultural practices to ensure long-term sustainability of carob cultivation in a rapidly evolving agricultural context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal diversity associated with cherry leaf spot in Yantai city, Shandong province, China","authors":"Yumeng Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Liu ,&nbsp;Chuang Han ,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Yu ,&nbsp;Xi Xu ,&nbsp;Yuhan Guo ,&nbsp;Xinying He ,&nbsp;Wensheng Xiang ,&nbsp;Xiangjing Wang ,&nbsp;Junwei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cherry leaf spot disease causes yield and economic loss in many cherry-growing areas. In 2023, a field survey on cherry leaf spot was carried out in Yantai city, Shandong province, and 106 fungal isolates were obtained from randomly sampled diseased leaves. Based on morphological observations and molecular phylogenetic analysis, the fungal isolates were classified into 11 species, including <em>Colletotrichum aenigma</em> (32.08 %), <em>Colletotrichum siamense</em> (11.32 %), <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> (10.38 %), <em>Alternaria alternata/tenuissima</em> species complex (31.14 %), <em>Fusarium lateritium</em> (4.72 %), <em>Fusarium verticillioides</em> (2.84 %), <em>Nothophoma quercina</em> (1.88 %), <em>Clonostachys rosea</em> (1.88 %), <em>Epicoccum nigrum</em> (1.88 %), <em>Nigrospora oryzae</em> (0.94 %), and <em>Diaporthe sojae</em> (0.94 %). Among these, <em>Colletotrichum</em> spp. was the most dominant genus. All isolates exhibited the ability to infect cherry leaves, with <em>E</em>. <em>nigrum</em> displaying the highest virulence and <em>Cl</em>. <em>rosea</em> the lowest. Symptoms on potted seedlings following artificial inoculation closely resembled those observed in field-grown plants under natural infection. All other isolates, except <em>Cl</em>. <em>rosea</em>, showed pathogenicity on cherry fruits. Notably, <em>Ni</em>. <em>oryzae</em> and <em>Cl</em>. <em>rosea</em> represent the first reports of leaf spot disease in sweet cherry. This study systematically investigated cherry leaf spot disease, providing valuable insights into the pathogenic factors responsible for the disease. Furthermore, this study also provides a solid theoretical basis for the formulation of field control strategies for cherry leaf spot disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102830"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The power of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria: A systematic review on sustainable pathogen management in tomato crops","authors":"Mohamed Hnini ,&nbsp;Karim Rabeh","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102828","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102828","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review addresses the critical role of microbial biocontrol agents, particularly Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), in protecting tomato crops from a range of pathogens. It was systematically examined the defense mechanisms employed by PGPR, such as the production of antimicrobial compounds, lytic enzymes, and competition for nutrients and space. This review also explores the utilization of siderophores, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the induction of systemic resistance in plants. focused on the interactions between various PGPR genera, including <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em>, with a broad spectrum of pathogens in tomato plants. Additionally, it was highlight the effectiveness of PGPR against fungal, bacterial, nematode, and viral pathogens, emphasizing the role of secondary metabolites like siderophores, indole-3-acetic acid, and lipopeptides. Notably, the review clarify how diverse PGPR genera can act synergistically to enhance biocontrol strategies, presenting a promising approach for sustainable agriculture. The review concludes by identifying potential avenues for future research in optimizing PGPR-based biocontrol methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant microbiome for soil borne pathogen – current status and future challenges","authors":"Samyuktha Dharshini Chandrasekaran ,&nbsp;Angappan Kathithachalam ,&nbsp;Johnson Iruthayasamy ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Muthusamy ,&nbsp;Kalaiyarasi Ramachandran ,&nbsp;Poorniammal Rajendran","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of plants are a collection of microorganisms simply called as the plant microbiome, essential to the health and protection of plants. Responses of plants to soil-borne diseases, which cause large-scale agricultural losses worldwide, are significantly impacted by this microbiome. According to recent study, there is a chance to confront these infections by using plant-associated microbiomes as an environmentally beneficial substitute for current chemical control methods. Examining the state of plant microbiome research in relation to managing soil-borne pathogens, this review highlights important discoveries and developments. It investigates the processes such as resource competition, antimicrobial synthesis, and stimulation of plant defense responses by which advantageous microorganisms give plants resistance. Notwithstanding encouraging outcomes, a number of obstacles stand in the way of using microbiome-based treatments in practical applications. These include the complicated nature of the relationships between microbes, the variation in the structure of the microbiome in various soils and environments, and the requirement for scalable and reliable application techniques. In order to overcome these obstacles, future studies must improve our knowledge of the dynamics of microbial communities, make use of cutting-edge genomic and metagenomic technologies, and combine sustainable farming methods with microbiome management techniques. This all encompassing strategy could transform disease control and improve food security worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102827"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials for sustainable agriculture: Plant physiology and environmental resilience","authors":"Vivek Kumar Dhiman ,&nbsp;Garima Rana ,&nbsp;Vinay Kumar Dhiman ,&nbsp;Rajasekaran Subbarayan ,&nbsp;Mukul Sharma ,&nbsp;Devendra Singh ,&nbsp;Majid Jabir ,&nbsp;Suresh Ghotekar ,&nbsp;Ankush Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102824","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102824","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanomaterials are reshaping plant sciences with transformative applications in physiology, growth, and development. Leveraging their nanoscale dimensions and unique physicochemical properties. NMs enhance photosynthesis, nutrient uptake, and stress resilience, thereby addressing critical challenges in modern agriculture. These materials, categorized by shape, size, composition, and morphology, include carbon-based, inorganic, organic, and composite NMs, interact with plant physiological processes by regulating phytohormonal networks, modulating stomatal behavior, enhancing water use efficiency, and influencing chlorophyll synthesis and carbon fixation. Their interaction spans precise agrochemical delivery, mitigation of abiotic stress, and promotes metabolic homeostasis through Nanozymes. NMs also support advanced technologies like CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and pollen magnetofection, foster rhizospheric interactions, regulate phytohormonal networks, and enhance soil microbial communities. Additionally, their applications extend to nano-bionic plants for enhanced photosynthesis, environmental monitoring, and pollutant remediation, and nanosensors enable real-time detection of pesticides, heavy metals, and pathogens, providing precise agrochemical delivery, mitigating abiotic stress and significantly impacting plant phenology and overall physiological functionality, paving the way for sustainable agricultural advancements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potassium nitrate-induces biochemical defense to combat biotic stress induced by fungal pathogens of rice (Oryzae sativa)","authors":"Navdeep Singh ,&nbsp;Anju Bala Sharma ,&nbsp;Pooja Manchanda ,&nbsp;J.S. Lore","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focused to assess the efficacy of foliar application of potassium salts including potassium nitrate (KNO₃), potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulphate (K₂SO₄) in managing grain discoloration in rice caused by <em>Aspergillus</em> and major <em>Fusarium</em> species associated with this disease. Percent disease incidence and panicle sterility was significantly reduced with three applications of potassium nitrate 2 % (w/v). Three applications of potassium nitrate @2 % significantly enhanced the yield attributes of two rice varieties (PR 114, PR 121) under study. The plants sprayed with potassium nitrate 2 % (w/v) exhibited variable increase in concentrations of proteins, total phenols, malondialdehyde (MDA), flavonoids, tannins, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenyl ammonia lyase (PAL) as compared to control. The pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorometry studies revealed that the energy flux of photosystem II (Fv/Fm and φPSII) on plants sprayed with potassium nitrate was significantly increased in both the varieties under study. Maximum quantum yield and φPSII (0.891 and 1.450 Fv/Fm respectively) was observed on plants sprayed with potassium nitrate @2 % in variety PR 121. The results indicated that the plants sprayed with potassium nitrate exhibited enhanced photosynthetic potential leading to the increased expression of defense related genes (Somatic Embryogenesis Receptor Kinase (SERK), Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Constitutive Photomorphogenic regulator (COP), Photoreceptor A (PRA), Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase (PAL) and Phenylpropanoid Synthase (PPS). Maximum fold change values for relative gene expression were observed for Constitutive Photomorphogenic regulator (2.658 ± 0.75) and Cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (2.65 ± 0.98) in plants sprayed with KNO₃ @ 2 % on variety PR121.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plant microbiome: A key driver of plant health and productivity","authors":"Aakriti Tiwari ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar Pinnaka ,&nbsp;Sonal Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-microbiome interactions have emerged as a crucial research area with profound implications in agriculture, the environment, and human health. This comprehensive review consolidates current understanding of the complex relationships between plants and their associated microbial communities. We delve into the dynamic interplay between plants and microbes across various ecological niches, ranging from the rhizosphere to the phyllosphere. Furthermore, we emphasize the diverse functions of microbial symbionts in enhancing plant growth, improving nutrient uptake, and conferring tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Insights from diverse studies from both agriculture and natural ecosystems, we discuss the potential applications of harnessing plant-microbiome interactions for improving plant growth, vigour, and ecosystem restoration. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the intricate networks of communication and mutualism shaping the plant microbiome, paving the way for innovative approaches to enhancing plant health and ecosystem sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102818"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MLTSDC: Multi Level Transformer Based Sugarcane Disease Classifier","authors":"Shyam Singh Rajput ,&nbsp;Deepak Rai ,&nbsp;Harsh Nandan Verma ,&nbsp;Rohan Kumar Choudhary ,&nbsp;Shivam ,&nbsp;Shyam Shankar Dwivedi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugarcane is a vital crop that is not only a primary source of the sugar but also a major contributor of bio fuel. However, unfortunately, due to various diseases, huge agricultural yields of sugarcane are lost every year. This amount can be easily saved if a farmer can identify the diseases in their early stage. For this purpose, numerous models have been proposed in recent years. However, these models cannot produce acceptable impacts in real-world applications due to background noise, environmental factors, and resource constraints. Therefore, this paper proposes a Multi Level Transformer Based Sugarcane Disease Classifier (MLTSDC) model to solve this problem. The proposed MLTSDC model utilizes two levels of classification. The first level identifies the presence or absence of abnormal features, while the second maps them to their diseases. This enables the model to learn and identify the key features of diseases. Moreover, the MLTSDC model also incorporates the transformer’s self-attention mechanism to minimize the effect of background noise. Experiments conducted on publicly available datasets reveal that the proposed MLTSDC model works better than other existing models. The proposed model achieves the highest classification accuracy 98.8% for different diseases affecting real-world sugarcane leaves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marker assisted introgression of blast resistance genes into Heritage Red Rice Landrace “Zag” of Western Himalayan Kashmir","authors":"Musharib Gull ,&nbsp;Asif B. Shikari ,&nbsp;Gazala H. Khan ,&nbsp;Parvaze A. Sofi ,&nbsp;Nakeeb-Un- Nisa ,&nbsp;M. Ashraf Ahanger ,&nbsp;Basu Sudhakar Reddy ,&nbsp;Aravind Jukanti ,&nbsp;S.M. Zargar ,&nbsp;F.A. Mohiddin ,&nbsp;Shabir H. Wani ,&nbsp;Suhail Ashraf ,&nbsp;Mahandiya Iqbal ,&nbsp;Shahid Mushtaq ,&nbsp;Najeeb Ul Rehman Sofi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pigmented rices are popular and are grown in specific ecological niches in various Indian states. The most prominent among them is red rice which is known for its distinctive flavour, texture and micronutrients (Fe &amp; Zn). <em>Zag</em> is a cultivated red rice landrace from Jammu and Kashmir known for having comparatively higher levels of iron and zinc. However, the area under this cultivar is shrinking because it is highly susceptible to blast disease caused by <em>Magnophortheoryzae</em>, where losses are often as high as 70 % and complete yield loss may occur. To address this, in the present study a three-gene donor line, DHMAS70Q164-1b harbouring resistance genes <em>Pi54</em>, <em>Pi1</em>, and <em>Pita</em>, was used to incorporate the three genes into the genetic background of red the rice cultivar <em>Zag</em> using a marker-assisted backcross breeding programme (MABC). Foreground selection was carried out using molecular markers Pi54MAS, RM224 and YL 155/87 to select for genes <em>Pi54, Pi1</em> and <em>Pita</em> respectively. In the BC₁F₁ 15 plants were screened for the genes <em>Pi54, Pi1</em> and <em>Pita</em> and two of these plants K16-32-2 and K16-32-6 were found to be heterozygous for all three genes. The three-gene BC₁F₁ plants were selfed to produce a BC₁F₂generation. Based on plant and grain type 100 BC₁F₂ were selected and subjected to selection for identification of homozygotes for the three genes. Six BC₁F₂ plants out of 100 were found to be homozygotes for all the three genes, two were positive for two genes (<em>Pi1+Pita</em>) and two were positive for the <em>Pita</em> gene. These 10-backcross derived blast resistant lines were subjected to background analysis using a total of 67 genome wide polymorphic markers including KASP SNP genotyping with 51 SNPs. The introgressed lines were evaluated for agronomic traits and cooking quality as well as grain Zn and Fe content. The promising introgressed lines namelyK16-32-2-20, K16-32-2-22, K16-32-6-51 and K16-32-6-81 recorded a background genome recovery of 69, 86, 84 and 80 % respectively. The derived lines expressed resistance to diagnostic isolates under controlled conditions and showed resistance under natural field conditions. The backcross derived lines possess cooking quality traits and Fe &amp; Zn content equal to those of the recurrent parent <em>Zag</em>. The lines are proposed for multi-location testing after seed multiplication and can be recommended as genetically improved resistant versions of the red rice var. <em>Zag.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular insights into the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) defense response to Ganoderma boninense infection","authors":"Xinlei An ,&nbsp;Siti Nor Akmar Abdullah ,&nbsp;Mohammad Hafizuddin Halwi ,&nbsp;Azzreena Mohamad Azzeme ,&nbsp;Mohd Hefni Rusli","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable oil palm cultivation in the major producing countries, Indonesia and Malaysia is significantly threatened by the fungal pathogen <em>Ganoderma boninense</em> that causes the devastating basal stem rot (BSR). The incidence of the disease has worsened with replanting in previously established plantations resulting in much younger trees being affected. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review on the response of this important commodity crop to <em>Ganodema boninense</em> at the different stages of infection. It covers the early biotrophic phase when the pathogen established host colonization and the necrotrophic phase when the host succumbed to the disease. It highlights key genes involved in multiple plant defense signaling pathways during oil palm (<em>Elaeis guineensis</em>) infection by <em>Ganoderma boninense</em>, such as <em>nitric oxide associated 1</em> (<em>EgNOA1</em>), <em>pathogenesis-related protein</em> (<em>EgPR-1</em>), and <em>NADPH oxidase</em> (<em>EgRBOH</em>). It also reviews the roles of transcription factors such as <em>JUNGBRUNNEN 1</em> (<em>EgJUB1</em>) and <em>Ethylene Responsive Factor 113</em> (<em>EgERF113</em>) in coordinating defense responses in the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases, respectively, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) involve in regulating oil palm response to the pathogen. Knowledge of molecular interaction of this host plant and the fungal pathogen and the defense mechanisms is essential for developing effective and sustainable strategies for management and treatment of BSR, such as development of an effective disease mitigation strategies and cultivation of disease-resistant oil palm varieties. The review highlights areas which require further research particularly on transcription factors and PPI, to fully elucidate the complex molecular interaction of oil palm and <em>Ganoderma boninense</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102819"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}