Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the bio-defence potential of Sargassum extract: Metabolite profiling and pathway elucidation of sesame in response to Sargassum extract and Macrophomina phaseolina treatments","authors":"Mohit Dangariya ,&nbsp;Parinita Agarwal ,&nbsp;Pradeep K. Agarwal","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seaweed extracts function as bio-stimulants due to their rich content of physiologically active compounds enhancing the plant's ability to withstand environmental and pathogen attacks. The seaweed extracts enhance nutrient uptake, improve plant growth and yield in various crops. These extracts reduce the need for synthetic chemicals for disease management, making them an eco-friendly alternative that promotes sustainable agriculture. Metabolite profiling of sesame (<em>Sesamum indicum</em> L.) in response to treatments with <em>Sargassum</em> extract (S-extract) and <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em>, alone and in combination showed highest accumulation of sugars, followed by polyols and carboxylic acids with all treatments. Heat map analyses revealed distinct metabolite accumulation patterns in sesame. Interestingly, with the S-extract + <em>Macrophomina</em> vs <em>Macrophomina</em> comparison, S-extract + <em>Macrophomina</em> treatment resulted in a greater accumulation of metabolites, suggesting a synergistic effect where S-extract mitigates the stress induced by <em>Macrophomina</em>, activating multiple defence and metabolic pathways. The enrichment of galactose metabolism, along with starch and sucrose metabolism with highest impact indicates participation of energy management towards stress and defence mitigation in sesame plants. Characterizing the metabolomic shifts and identifying specific metabolic signatures linked to enhanced <em>Macrophomina</em> resilience in sesame can facilitate increased and sustainable crop yield.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102744"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of defense-inducing volatile compounds against Xanthomonas translucens, bacterial leaf streak pathogen of wheat","authors":"Kosar Badri,&nbsp;Rouhallah Sharifi,&nbsp;Saman Hosseini","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants use various defense systems to combat pathogenic microorganisms as their primary strategy. Defense-inducing volatile compounds, as one of the biological control agents, have high environmental and management value to reduce the damage of plant pathogens. Hence, this study investigates the effectiveness of some defense-inducing volatile compounds, including acetoin, 2,3-butanediol, indole, methyl salicylate, 3-pentanol, and methyl jasmonate, on reducing the wheat bacterial leaf streak disease severity. The effectiveness of different concentrations of volatile compounds on the growth, biofilm formation, and motility of pathogenic strains was determined <em>in vitro</em>, and the best concentration was used to reduce the disease severity <em>in planta</em>. Volatile compounds significantly restricted the growth, swimming motility, and biofilm formation of the pathogenic strain compared to the control at a concentration of 100 μM. The pathogenic strain lacked swarming or twitching motility. All volatile compounds significantly reduced disease severity <em>in planta</em>; however, methyl salicylate showed the highest effect, reducing the disease severity by 63.9 % compared to the infected control. Additionally, volatile compounds significantly improved the growth parameters of wheat compared to the infected control; acetoin and methyl salicylate had the best efficiency in enhancing wheat growth parameters. However, it did not differ from the healthy control regarding the values of wheat growth parameters. The results of the present study can significantly contribute to the finding a better management strategy for managing bacterial leaf streak disease, primarily serving as a foundation for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellulose regulation in plant-pathogen interactions: A review","authors":"Roohallah Saberi Riseh ,&nbsp;Fariba Fathi ,&nbsp;Masoumeh Vatankhah ,&nbsp;Mohadeseh Hassanisaadi ,&nbsp;John F. Kennedy","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102740","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102740","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose, a key component of plant cell walls, plays a crucial role in shaping the interactions between plants and microbes, especially during pathogenic attacks. This article examines the complex regulatory mechanisms that control cellulose synthesis in the context of plant defense. By examining signaling pathways, transcriptional regulation, and cross-talk mechanisms, the dynamic balance between growth and immunity during pathogen perception is highlighted. These findings improve our understanding of plant defense strategies and provide valuable clues for improving plant resilience and promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Unraveling the regulatory networks of cellulose production in response to pathogens not only deepens our understanding of host-pathogen dynamics but also opens avenues for innovative approaches to enhance plant immunity and address global food security challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102740"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the metabolic and genetic landscape of potato plants in response to late blight using metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling","authors":"Peng Yao,&nbsp;Chang Saili,&nbsp;Li Chaoqun,&nbsp;Liu Liangyan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis was conducted to identify the changes in gene expression, transcription factors (TFs) and metabolites in potato plants upon infection with <em>Phytophthora infestans</em> across infection groups of different time points including CK (healthy leaves without any infection), LK (susceptible early infected leaves), MK (middle stage infected leaves) and FK (late-infected leaves). A total of 1368 metabolites were identified and these metabolites, particularly flavonoids like diglucosyl myricitrin and phenolic acids like 1, 3-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, were significantly regulated, suggesting their roles in plant defense. Metabolites including isoguanine, flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids and lipids reflect a consistent pattern of metabolic alterations across the different comparison groups which suggests a fundamental shift in key metabolic pathways, including nucleotide metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, alkaloid regulation and lipid metabolism. The transcriptome analysis identified numerous novel genes and differential gene expression (DEGs) analysis further uncovered genes involved in stress responses, metabolism and hormone regulation, with significant shifts in expression patterns across infection groups. Significant up regulation was observed in genes related to stress responses, metabolic processes, and defense mechanisms, whereas genes involved in signaling pathways and protein kinases were predominantly down regulated. Various transcription factors such as NAP1 (NAC) and WRKY75, linked to defense, environmental stress adaptation and hormone signaling pathways showed significant differential expression. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis emphasized metabolic, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and environmental information processing pathways, underscoring the complex regulatory networks involved in plant adaptation to <em>P. infestans</em> induced stress. Comparative analysis with related species, <em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> and <em>Solanum pennellii</em>, revealed conserved genes across the solanaceae family, suggesting functional divergence. This further underscores the evolutionary conservation of key stress-response and metabolic genes within the family. Our findings underscored the critical role of both metabolic and genetic responses in enhancing resistance to late blight, offering valuable insights for targeted breeding and bio control strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102737"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular, Morphological identification, and Virulence profiling of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) (W.C. Snyder & H.N. Hansen) associated with Root-Knot Nematode inciting Fusarium wilt of tomato","authors":"Vigneshwaran K. ,&nbsp;K. Rajamohan ,&nbsp;P. Balabaskar ,&nbsp;R. Udhayakumar ,&nbsp;P. Sivasakthivelan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato <em>Fusarium</em> wilt, caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> (FOL), is a major limiting factor in tomato production in Tamil Nadu. The survey was conducted in five major tomato growing districts of Tamilnadu, India (Krishnagiri, Dharmapuri, Salem, Dindigul, and Theni) in the year 2023–2024, revealed variable FOL disease incidence and pathogen distribution whereas some location showed co-infection of FOL associated with Root-Knot Nematode (RKN) (<em>Meloidogyne incognita).</em> Among the locations the highest disease incidence was observed in Krishnagiri district of the cultivar's CO-3 and PKM-1 were highly susceptible. All FOL isolates were collected and subjected to pathogenicity testing in pot culture and disease incidence was evaluated at 4 intervals (30, 60, 90, and 120 DAT). Based on the mean disease incidence, <em>Fusarium</em> isolates were divided into low, moderate and highly virulent categories. The results showed FOL-04 as the most virulent isolate. Morphological characteristics of all isolates showed significant variability in colony morphology (white, pink, purple, brown and violet), presence and absence of Microconidia, Macroconidia and Chlamydospores. Several <em>Fusarium</em> isolates were identified and their identity was confirmed by ITS sequencing as <em>F. oxysporum</em>, <em>F. solani, F. brachygibbosum</em> and <em>F. equiseti</em>. The virulent isolate FOL -04 was identified as <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>lycopersici</em> (FOL) using TEF1-α and β-tubulin markers determining the host range of formae speciales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activation of the phenylpropanoid pathway and enhanced powdery mildew resistance in honeysuckle induced by inactivated Erysiphe lonicerae spores","authors":"Mian Zhang,&nbsp;Yanjun Wu,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Xiao,&nbsp;Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Honeysuckle (<em>Lonicera japonica</em>) is a widely utilized traditional medicinal plant that is highly susceptible to powdery mildew. This study explores whether artificially inactivated spores of <em>Erysiphe lonicerae</em>, the causal agent of honeysuckle powdery mildew, can function as a biostimulant to elicit the plant's immune response and promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites essential for its medicinal quality. To evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms, we conducted secondary metabolite profiling, gene expression analysis (qPCR), powdery mildew resistance assays, and high-throughput proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Following 60 days of treatment with inactivated <em>E. lonicerae</em> spores applied at 3-day intervals, proteomic analysis revealed significant upregulation of nine key enzymes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway, along with the upstream regulatory protein calmodulin. These proteomic changes were corroborated at the transcript level by qPCR. Metabolomic analysis further demonstrated a pronounced accumulation of phenylpropanoid pathway metabolites, increased activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and elevated levels of downstream flavonoids, collectively indicating robust activation of this pathway. Additionally, treated plants exhibited significant alterations in oxidative stress markers, specifically hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA), along with sustained increases in the activities of four major antioxidant enzymes, resulting in a marked enhancement of total antioxidant capacity. Notably, pretreatment with inactivated spores at least 20 days prior to pathogen inoculation significantly improved resistance to powdery mildew, with earlier pretreatment providing stronger protection. These findings demonstrate that artificially inactivated <em>E. lonicerae</em> spores can enhance honeysuckle's resistance to powdery mildew while activating the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway, thereby promoting the accumulation of medicinally valuable secondary metabolites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102739"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt nanoparticles and salicylic acid nanoparticles on Ralstonia solanacearum suppression and soil microbial biodiversity","authors":"Nevein A.S. Messiha ,&nbsp;Sozan E. El-Abeid ,&nbsp;Mohamed A.M. El-Tabakh ,&nbsp;Saadeldeen T.S. Makaty ,&nbsp;Mostafa A.M.M. Rashad ,&nbsp;Tahsin Shoala","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial wilt, also known as potato brown rot, caused by <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>, is a quarantine disease in several areas worldwide that can significantly decrease crop yields. The study aimed to evaluate the effects of glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt nanoparticles (GAS-NPs) and salicylic acid nanoparticles (SA-NPs) on <em>R. solanacearum</em> growth and bacterial wilt development. Four nanoparticle concentrations (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.3 ml/100 ml) were tested <em>in vitro</em>; only 0.1 ml/100 ml and 0.3 ml/100 ml were selected for a greenhouse experiment. GAS-NPs caused a change in the pathogen to the avirulent form at 0.3 ml/100 ml. Tomato seedlings, as indicators, were employed to test the effect of the different nanoparticles on disease development under greenhouse conditions. The highest suppressive potential was recorded for GAS-NPs at 0.3 ml/100 ml, followed by SA-NPs at 0.3 ml/100 ml. The disease was suppressed by 100 % and 92 %, respectively, indicating the potential of GAS-NPs and SA-NPs as effective treatments. Metagenomics analysis was employed to study the impact of the high concentration of the two nanomaterials on tomato rhizosphere bacterial biodiversity. SA-NPs caused a clear shift in bacterial biodiversity with a significant decrease in alpha diversity. A general increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and a decrease in the abundance of Acidobacteriota, Chloroflexi, and Thermomicrobiales compared to the untreated control was recorded. GAS-NPs increased the abundance of Micrococcaceae. GAS-NPs are to be evaluated under field conditions in the long term to further confirm their direct effect on pathogen virulence and low impact on soil biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe vaccinii on Eucalyptus camaldulensis in India","authors":"Nitika Negi ,&nbsp;Ramkrishna ,&nbsp;Maneesh S. Bhandari ,&nbsp;Rajendra K. Meena ,&nbsp;Shailesh Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first morphological and molecular identification of <em>Erysiphe vaccinii</em> affecting various <em>Eucalyptus</em> clones in India. The microscopic characteristics closely correspond to those described for the asexual morph of <em>Erysiphe</em> species. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference—based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence of the newly collected Indian powdery mildew specimen from <em>Eucalyptus</em>, along with authentic sequences of 112 specimens representing 54 species retrieved from GenBank—conclusively identified the species as <em>E</em><em>.</em> <em>vaccinii</em>. Pathogenicity was confirmed through artificial inoculation, with fungal features on experimentally infected leaves matching those observed on naturally infected leaves. Recent research has highlighted that this pathogen poses a significant threat to the global blueberry industry, necessitating further investigation to assess its distribution and potential impact on forestry in northern India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance mechanisms in Oryza species against Meloidogyne graminicola: Insights into nematode penetration and reproduction","authors":"M. Themuhi ,&nbsp;Debanand Das ,&nbsp;B. Rajeshwaran ,&nbsp;Mateti Gayithri ,&nbsp;K. Narmadha","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study was conducted to understand the resistance mechanisms of various <em>Oryza</em> species against <em>Meloidogyne graminicola</em>, focusing on nematode penetration, development, reproduction, and biochemical responses. Resistant (<em>Oryza glaberrima</em>: IR 101800, IR 102226 and IR 102336), moderately resistant (<em>O. rufipogon</em> (local germplasm) and <em>O. sativa</em>: var. Sonjul Bao), and susceptible (<em>O. sativa</em>: var. Luit and Bina Dhan 11) germplasm/varieties were considered for these studies. Nematode penetration was significantly delayed in resistant germplasm, initiating at 4 days after inoculation (DAI), compared to 12 h in susceptible varieties. At 28 DAI, resistant germplasm shelter fewer juveniles and produced fewer galls (6–9/plant); compared to the susceptible rice variety Luit (22 galls/plant). The phenolic compound accumulation was increased resulting in enhanced defence enzyme activity in resistant germplasm. Total phenol content peaked at 14 DAI, with <em>O. glaberrima</em> (IR 102226) showing the highest levels (153.1 μg GA/g fresh weight) compared to Luit (87.6 μg GA/g). Enzymatic activity was elevated in resistant germplasm, with IR 102226 recording 8.8 U/g peroxidase (PO), 72.4 U/g polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and 120.8 U/g phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) at 14 DAI, significantly outperforming the susceptible check. Principal component analysis demonstrated strong correlations between elevated phenolic content, enzyme activity, and nematode resistance. These findings underscore the pivotal role of biochemical defences in delaying nematode development and reproduction in resistant germplasm. <em>O. glaberrima</em> (IR 102226) exhibiting robust pre- and post-infectional resistance is a valuable genetic resource for breeding programs targeting sustainable <em>M. graminicola</em> management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102733"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel report of Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 HG-I associated with damping-off and wilt of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) in India","authors":"D. Chethan ,&nbsp;R. Chandana ,&nbsp;Farooq Khan ,&nbsp;B.S. Kavya ,&nbsp;T. Tharana Poonacha ,&nbsp;R. Karan ,&nbsp;Akash Bevanur ,&nbsp;R. Kruthika ,&nbsp;K.S. Ashwini ,&nbsp;Yerranagari Vani ,&nbsp;S.R. Anand ,&nbsp;A. Mohan Rao ,&nbsp;K.B. Palanna","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quinoa, <em>Chenopodium quinoa</em>, was domesticated first in the Andean countries of South America and has been widely cultivated in most countries due to its unique nutritional value and health benefits. In fields, characteristic wilting and girdling symptoms on stems of quinoa plants were observed in Bengaluru and Chamarajanagara districts, Karnataka, India. The associated pathogen was isolated, purified and identified as <em>Rhizoctonia</em> sp. based on cultural and morphological characterization and nuclear staining revealed a multi-nuclei condition of the pathogen. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region supported by cultural morphological characteristics revealed <em>Rhizoctonia solani</em> as a causal agent and its anastomosis group AG-4 HG-I confirmed using specific primers for each anastomosis group and sub-group. A pathogenicity test combined with pathogen re-isolation and identification was carried out to validate Koch's postulates. Cultural characterization revealed that potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 30 °C with pH 7 was ideal for better growth of <em>R</em>. <em>solani</em>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of damping-off and wilt caused by <em>R</em>. <em>solani</em> on <em>C</em>. <em>quinoa</em> in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143931670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}