Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Plant resistance genes against nematodes: Mechanisms and genetic resources in crop protection","authors":"Dilara Yüksel,&nbsp;Refik Bozbuğa","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants are continuously faced by a diverse array of biotic stressors throughout their life cycle, including nematodes, fungi, bacteria, insects, viruses and weeds, many of which severely compromise growth, physiology, and yield. Among these, plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are particularly damaging and complex adversaries due to their close interactions with plant root systems and their resilience in soil ecosystems. Notably, cyst nematodes (<em>Heterodera</em> and <em>Globodera</em> spp.), lesion nematodes (<em>Pratylenchus</em> spp.) and root-knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne</em> spp.) cause extensive damage across a wide range of crops, resulting in billions of dollars in annual agricultural losses. Their rapid dissemination via irrigation and agricultural tools, combined with limited effectiveness and sustainability of chemical control methods, highlights the urgent need for stable and environmentally safe solutions. Genetic resistance offers one of the most promising and sustainable strategies for nematode management. Over recent decades, numerous resistance genes have been identified and characterized in a wide range of plant species by different research groups. Studies in crops such as tomato, pepper, potato, sugar beet, cereals, and soybean have revealed diverse genetic loci conferring resistance against various nematode species. This review combines the scattered data available in the literature to provide a comprehensive assessment of plant resistance genes against nematodes. While addressing a wide range of plant species and resistance mechanisms, its classification of genes on a plant-specific basis enhances the accessibility of the text for readers from diverse agricultural fields. Furthermore, by summarising the molecular mechanisms and genetic foundations of nematode resistance, it offers a comparative perspective on the major resistance genes present in key agricultural crops. By synthesising recent advances, this manuscript seeks to guide future research and contribute to the development of nematode-resistant varieties, thereby supporting sustainable plant protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102962"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic activity of native Trichoderma spp. against Moniliophthora roreri and volatile metabolite profiling of the most active strain in Amazonas, Peru","authors":"Jasmin Shandel Casanca-Uquiche ,&nbsp;Aline C. Caetano ,&nbsp;Manuel Oliva-Cruz ,&nbsp;Nora Vera-Obando ,&nbsp;Jesús Rascón ,&nbsp;Santos Triunfo Leiva-Espinoza","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cacao (<em>Theobroma cacao</em> L.), known as the “food of the gods”, is a crop of major nutritional and economic importance. <em>Trichoderma</em> spp. are promising biocontrol agents against frosty pod rot caused by <em>Moniliophthora roreri</em>, which can reduce yields by up to 100 % under poor management. In this study, ten native <em>Trichoderma</em> strains from Amazonas, Peru, were evaluated for antifungal activity in vitro. Both volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and non-volatile organic compounds (nVOCs) produced during co-culture inhibited <em>M. roreri.</em> Strain BIF7-C1 showed the strongest inhibition among VOC assays (45.5 %), while strain BIF14-C2 exhibited the highest nVOC effect (22.3 %). Because of its superior performance, strain BIF7-C1 was selected for volatile profiling using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two SPME fibers were employed: Carboxen/Divinylbenzene/Polydimethylsiloxane(CAR/DVB/PDMS) and Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS). With the CAR/DVB/PDMS, 25 compounds were identified, including 2,5-dimethyl furan, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 1,2,3-trimethyl benzene across the three culture systems. With the CAR/PDMS, 22 compounds were detected, among them three VOCs uniquely present during co-culture (ethyl tiglate, <strong>β</strong>-neoclovene, 1,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydro-2,5,5-trimethyl-2H-2,4a ethanonaphthalene). This fiber also revealed higher abundance of alcohols, aldehydes, esters, and sesquiterpenes. These findings support the potential of native <em>Trichoderma</em> strains as biocontrol agents against frosty pod rot and highlight BIF7-C1 as a promising candidate for further chemical and functional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102959"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A century of Stagonosporopsis research: Taxonomy, pathogenicity, and integrated management","authors":"Dongqin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Tongtong Chen ,&nbsp;Wenjing Xie ,&nbsp;Michael Wisniewski ,&nbsp;Zhuo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Members of the genus <em>Stagonosporopsi</em>s, belonging to the Didymellaceae family within the Pleosporales order of fungi, include pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes. These fungi are globally distributed and have significant impacts on host plant growth, development, and human health. Currently, research on these fungi and the diseases they cause remains limited and lacks comprehensive, systematic investigation. This review article summarizes classification methods of the Didymellaceae family, introduce the key members causing plant diseases. This article discusses genomics and key genes of the genus <em>Stagonosporopsi</em>s, as well as important enzymes and metabolic substance associated with this genus. Building on the introduction of the host-pathogen interaction mechanisms, this article also reviews the detection of pathogens within the genus <em>Stagonosporopsis</em>, the epidemiology of crop diseases, and integrated disease management strategies, focusing on resistant cultivars, agronomic practices, and the screening and application of fungicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102958"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals defense mechanisms of Bacillus velezensis ZY1 against bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon","authors":"Haoyu Wei ,&nbsp;Tingchang Zhao ,&nbsp;Yushanjiang Maimaiti ,&nbsp;Tielin Wang ,&nbsp;Sheng Han ,&nbsp;Wei Guan ,&nbsp;Yuwen Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Watermelon (<em>Citrullus lanatus</em>) is a globally important horticultural crop, yet its production is severely constrained by bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), a destructive disease caused by <em>Acidovorax citrulli</em>. This study investigates the biocontrol potential of <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> ZY1 in promoting watermelon growth and suppressing BFB. The results demonstrate that <em>B. velezensis</em> ZY1 effectively inhibits <em>A. citrulli</em> proliferation while enhancing plant immunity by upregulating defense-related genes and increasing the activities of key defense enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase, and lipoxygenase. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying <em>B. velezensis</em> ZY1-mediated biocontrol, it was conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of watermelon true leaves treated with <em>B. velezensis</em> ZY1 versus a sterile water control. Transcriptome sequencing identified 1688 up-regulated and 479 down-regulated genes in plants exposed to <em>B. velezensis</em> ZY1. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses revealed significant activation of transcription factors and disease resistance genes, which were further validated by quantitative retrotranscripted PCR. Differential expression analysis indicated that <em>B. velezensis</em> ZY1 modulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and plant hormone signaling pathways, enhancing plant resistance to pathogens. This study expands transcriptomic resources and provides a molecular framework for understanding <em>B. velezensis</em> ZY1-induced systemic resistance against BFB, offering an effective strategy for controlling <em>A. citrulli</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative investigation of aggressive pathogenesis by guava root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii","authors":"K.P. Adhuna ,&nbsp;Artha Kundu ,&nbsp;Manoranjan Dash ,&nbsp;Jyoti Yadav ,&nbsp;Matiyar Rahaman Khan ,&nbsp;Malkhan Singh Gujjar ,&nbsp;Nisha Jaiswal ,&nbsp;Atul Kumar ,&nbsp;Pankaj ,&nbsp;Vishal Singh Somvanshi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are major contributors to crop losses worldwide, with root-knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne</em> spp.) recognized as the most economically damaging group. Among them, <em>Meloidogyne enterolobii</em> - once regarded as a minor pathogen - has recently emerged as a highly aggressive species capable of breaking host resistance effective against other <em>Meloidogyne</em> spp. Despite its increasing global relevance, the mechanisms underlying its enhanced virulence remain poorly understood. Here, we present a novel comparative analysis of the biology and pathogenicity of <em>M. enterolobii</em> and <em>M. incognita</em>, integrating life cycle assessments with <em>in silico</em> proteome comparisons. Experimental infection on tomato revealed that <em>M. enterolobii</em> juveniles (J2s) penetrated roots in significantly higher numbers (116.67 vs. 50.33 J2s) by 3 days post-inoculation and established more females (31.67 vs. 6.67) by 12 days, compared to <em>M. incognita</em>. Infected roots exhibited larger and more numerous galls in <em>M. enterolobii</em>-infested plants. Notably, genome-level comparisons showed that <em>M. enterolobii</em> encodes a substantially larger repertoire of excretory/secretory proteins (590 vs. 215) and effector proteins (∼19,126 vs. 7684), highlighting its expanded molecular toolkit for host manipulation. This is the first integrated study combining biological assays with proteome-wide analysis to provide mechanistic insights into the aggressive pathogenesis of <em>M. enterolobii</em>. These findings advance our understanding of root-knot nematode virulence and lay the groundwork for targeted management strategies against this emerging threat.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102951"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional insights into avrPto5 from Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae and its interaction with zinc finger proteins regulating plant defenses","authors":"Muhammad Asif ,&nbsp;Ting Xie ,&nbsp;Rong Fan ,&nbsp;Youhua Long ,&nbsp;Zhibo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Pseudomonas syringae</em> pv. <em>actinidiae</em> is a significant pathogen affecting kiwifruit, with varying degrees of virulence among its strains. These pathogenic bacteria use type III effector proteins (T3Es) as essential virulence factors to suppress host immunity and cause disease. However, in many cases, the molecular function of T3Es remains less studied. In this study, a deletion of the effector protein AvrPto5 with the <em>P. syringae</em> pv. <em>actinidiae</em> wild-type strain G1 was compared to decode its pathogenic mechanisms. Upon infiltration into leaves and branches of the kiwifruit cultivar “Hongyang”, the Δ<em>avrPto5</em> knockout mutant strain exhibited increased lesion lengths and larger disease areas compared to the wild-type strain G1, indicating enhanced virulence due to the mutation. Further investigation into kiwifruit genome mediated library screening through yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) indicated direct interactions between <em>avrPto5</em> and two stress associated proteins (SAP) of kiwifruit host, KWSAP5 and KWML3, and validated by GST pull-down assays. This work was primarily focused on KWSAP5, a member of the A20/AN1 zinc finger protein family, closely related to AT3G12630 in <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>, containing conserved Znf-A20 and zf-AN1 domains and involved in oxidative stress and resistance against <em>P. syringae</em> infection. Y2H and GST-pull-down assays underscore <em>avrPto5</em> role in modulating host-pathogen interactions, where its absence may disrupt normal immune signaling pathways, leading to increased pathogenicity. This study enhances the understanding of the molecular determinants of <em>P. syringae</em> pv. <em>actinidiae</em> virulence and emphasizes the critical interaction between <em>avrPto5</em> and host SAP proteins, presenting potential targets for the development of resistant kiwifruit cultivars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102954"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145117574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular characterization of thermostable chitinases from Indian Pleurotus ostreatus and their effectiveness against the plant pathogenic Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"Rituparna Sarkar,&nbsp;Bejoysekhar Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitinase has diverse applications across agriculture, energy production, food processing, pharmaceuticals, and human healthcare. Characterizing chitinase is essential for understanding its potential uses in these fields. This study reported the synthesis and characterization of chitinases from three different cultures of <em>Pleurotus ostreatus,</em> designated as KUFC112, KUFC113, and KUFC114. Evaluated their effectiveness against the plant pathogenic fungi <em>Alternaria solani</em> and <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>. Enzyme yield and activity were optimized using response surface modelling. Chitinases purified through DEAE-cellulose column chromatography exhibited stability at elevated temperatures (up to 90 °C), pH range 4–8, in the presence of metals (Ca²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, and Mn²⁺), sodium dodecyl sulfate, and β-mercaptoethanol. The full-length <em>Chi1</em> gene (1188 bp) obtained from all three cultures was cloned and encoded 395 amino acids. The amino acid sequences of CHI1 protein from KUFC112 and KUFC113 were identical, whereas that of KUFC114 had differences at the amino acid positions 321 (D in <em>P. ostreatus</em> KUFC112/V in <em>P. ostreatus</em> KUFC114), 329 (A/T), and 351 (T/S). Calculated molecular weight and the extinction coefficient of all three CHI1 proteins were estimated as 42.90 kDa and 52370 M⁻¹cm^−1, respectively. The phylogenetic tree based on deduced amino acid sequences of CH1 confirmed the relatedness of all three isolates with reported <em>P. ostreatus</em> strains. The predicted 2D structure of CHI1 of KUFC112/KUFC113 contained 11 α-helices and 12 β-sheets, whereas KUFC114 contained 12 α-helices and 11 β-sheets. The 3D structure of the CH1 proteins was developed using the template structure of endochitinase (Uniport: P29029) and validated. Through molecular simulation, the stability or flexibility of proteins was evaluated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102955"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome sequence of Bipolaris maydis inciting maydis leaf blight provides insights into genome architecture and putative effector repertoire","authors":"Poulami Basak ,&nbsp;Malkhan Singh Gurjar ,&nbsp;Tej Pratap Jitender Kumar ,&nbsp;Natasha Kashyap ,&nbsp;Sri Ananth Kurella ,&nbsp;Muthyala Mahendra ,&nbsp;Rahul Patidar ,&nbsp;Sangale Smita ,&nbsp;Kartiki Sharma ,&nbsp;Robin Gogoi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maydis leaf blight (MLB) incited by <em>Bipolaris maydis</em> is one of the primary diseases of maize causing significant yield losses. For gaining a better insight into the genome organization and the molecular basis of pathogenesis related traits, the genome of <em>B. maydis</em> isolate BM_MG1 collected from maize fields in India, was sequenced using both the Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. The final assembly yielded a genome size of 36.05 Mb with a GC content of 49.21 %. A total of 56 contigs were obtained with a N₅₀ of 2,100,550 bp. Gene prediction identified 9013 genes, with 8866 significantly annotated through BLASTX analysis using an E-value cutoff of 10⁻³. Amongst the transposable elements, the Gypsy elements were found to be highest in number. A total of 7534 simple sequence repeats were identified in the sequenced genome, with mononucleotide SSRs (3,434) being the most abundant type. Out of 510 secretory proteins identified, 136 were predicted as candidate secreted effector proteins (CSEPs), mainly including pectin lyase fold/virulence factors, alpha/beta hydrolase fold, and Concanavalin A-like lectin/glucanase domain superfamily proteins. The expression of glycoside hydrolase family 128 protein of <em>B. maydis</em> was found to be upregulated in the susceptible genotype of maize in our study, indicating its role in pathogenesis. The genomic and secretome information of <em>B</em>. <em>maydis</em> will provide valuable insights in understanding the intricate pathogenesis mechanisms and the arsenal of molecules deployed by the pathogen for effective colonization. In future, this information can be exploited for the development of improved management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102957"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of artificial intelligence with genome editing: A new era for molecular plant breeding","authors":"Himanshu Saini ,&nbsp;Vishal Johar ,&nbsp;Radhajogita Mondal ,&nbsp;Shalu Vyas ,&nbsp;Vinita Bisht","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and genome editing technologies marks a transformative frontier in molecular plant breeding. AI, with its capacity for data integration, pattern recognition, and predictive analytics, significantly enhances the precision and efficiency of genome editing tools like CRISPR-Cas systems. By harnessing AI algorithms, researchers can identify key genetic targets, optimize guide RNA design, and predict off-target effects, thereby accelerating trait improvement and crop development. This synergy enables the rapid development of climate-resilient, high-yield, and disease-resistant plant varieties. Moreover, AI-driven models facilitate the analysis of vast genomic, phenotypic, and environmental datasets, offering insights into complex gene-trait-environment interactions. The integration of AI with genome editing not only streamlines molecular breeding pipelines but also opens new avenues for sustainable agriculture and food security. This review explores recent advances, challenges, and future prospects at the intersection of AI and genome editing, highlighting its transformative potential in the next generation of plant breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of effective formulations of Bacillus velezensis BV9 and identification of metabolites produced by it for controlling Take-all disease of Wheat","authors":"Mojde Moradi-Pour,&nbsp;Roohallah Saberi-Riseh","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacillus species promote plant growth and suppress phytopathogens by producing a wide range of bioactive metabolites. This study investigated the capacity of <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> BV9 to synthesize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and evaluated the effectiveness of different encapsulation matrices for controlled delivery. BV9 cells were encapsulated using alginate (ALG), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and natural gums—zedo (ZG), bane (BG), and tragacanth (TG)—via both layer-by-layer and multilayer techniques. The encapsulation systems were characterized in vitro for moisture content, swelling behavior, bacterial viability, and release efficiency. Additionally, the biological performance of free versus encapsulated BV9 was compared in terms of survival, wheat growth promotion, and suppression of <em>Gaeumannomyces graminis</em> var. <em>Tritici</em>. Among the tested formulations, ALG-WPC-ZG exhibited the highest swelling capacity (123.33 %) and moisture content (75.82 %), along with the highest bacterial release efficiency (94.33 %). Antifungal metabolites extracted from BV9 culture filtrates were purified, and homologues of iturin were identified through chromatographic analyses. In greenhouse trials, encapsulated BV9 significantly enhanced wheat growth and provided superior disease suppression compared to free cells. This study demonstrates that biodegradable, low-cost encapsulation systems can serve as effective carriers for the sustained release of beneficial microbes. The developed system offers a promising alternative to chemical fertilizers, improving microbial stability and efficacy under agricultural conditions, and enhancing plant health and resistance to soilborne pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}