Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Diversity of fungal species causing apple canker disease in India using multigene characterization","authors":"Sajad Un Nabi ,&nbsp;Shugufta Parveen ,&nbsp;Deeba Kamil ,&nbsp;Kanika Khokha ,&nbsp;Santosh Watpade ,&nbsp;Wasim Hassan Raja ,&nbsp;Javid I. Mir ,&nbsp;M.K. Verma ,&nbsp;Subaya Manzoor ,&nbsp;Zakir Amin ,&nbsp;Aadil Ayaz ,&nbsp;Bushra Rasool ,&nbsp;Tabasum Manzoor","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apple canker diseases are significant threats to the global apple industry, causing extensive damage, including shoot blights, stem cankers, and internal wood discoloration. This study aimed to investigate the symptomatology, disease incidence, and diversity of pathogens associated with apple cankers in three major apple-growing regions of India including the states of, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu &amp; Kashmir (J&amp;K). The survey revealed that canker symptoms typically begin as sunken spots on shoots and stems, which can progress to bark cracking and internal wood discoloration Disease incidence and severity varied across regions, with J&amp;K showing the highest levels, particularly in Shopian (37.10 % incidence; 20.85 % severity). Himachal Pradesh also exhibited significant disease prevalence, with Shimla recording the highest severity (23.15 %). In Uttarakhand, Almora had the highest incidence (27.52 %) and severity (13.89 %). Isolations provided 38 isolates of <em>Diplodia</em> and <em>Botryosphaeria</em> spp., which were classified into four morpho-groups based on morpholo-cultural characteristics. Molecular analyses using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), beta-tubulin (β<em>-tubulin</em>) gene and translation elongation factor 1 subunit alpha (<em>EF1-α</em>), gene sequences identified four pathogenic species, namely, <em>Diplodia bulgarica</em>, <em>Diplodia seriata</em>, <em>Diplodia mutila</em>, and <em>Botryosphaeria dothidea</em>. Phylogenetic studies grouped these species into distinct clades with high bootstrap support. Pathogenicity tests demonstrated their role in causing canker symptoms under favourable conditions. This study presents regional variability in disease prevalence and identifies key pathogens responsible for apple cankers in India and highlights the need for development of effective management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analyses of LtEpg1-and VvKINβ1-transgenic plants in response to Lasiodiplodia theobromae infection","authors":"Junbo Peng ,&nbsp;Xuncheng Wang ,&nbsp;Pranami D. Abeywickrama,&nbsp;Hui Guo,&nbsp;Mei Liu,&nbsp;Qikai Xing,&nbsp;Jiye Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Botryosphaeria dieback, caused by the notorious pathogenic agent <em>Lasiodiplodia theobromae</em>, severely threatened the yield and quality of grapes globally. A comprehensive understanding of the fungal pathogenesis and plant defence will be of great importance to the development of efficient control measures. In previous publication, a secreted endopolygalacturonase LtEpg1 from <em>L. theobromae</em> was reported to interact with a SNF1-related protein kinase (SnRK) complex regulatory subunit VvKINβ1 from grapevine. Here, we ectopically expressed <em>LtEpg1</em> and <em>VvKINβ1</em> genes in <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> and profiled the transcriptome of <em>LtEpg1</em>-and <em>VvKINβ1-</em>transgenic lines. It was found that, after infection by <em>L. theobromae</em>, a total of 6676 and 4979 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in <em>LtEpg1</em>-and <em>VvKINβ1</em>-transgenic <em>N. benthamiana</em>, respectively, in comparison with wild type. The DEGs were involved in a wide range of physiological processes and immune responses, including photosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, glycolysis, plant pathogen interaction, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, phytohormone signal transduction, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Moreover, a total of 4990, 1212 and 4227 DEGs were identified in wild type, <em>LtEpg1</em>-and <em>VvKINβ1</em>-transgenic lines infected by <em>L. theobromae</em>, respectively, in comparison with the corresponding line grew under normal condition without inoculation. The DEGs were significantly enriched in photosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction, suggesting relevant pathways were interrupted during infection. These results provide novel insights for exploring the molecular mechanisms of <em>L. theobromae</em>-grapevine interaction and supply valuable information for the genetic improvement of resistant grapevine in-depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144579577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and expression analysis of ZF-HD transcription factor family and their expression profiles under abiotic and biotic stresses in mango (Mangifera indica)","authors":"Nan Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengzhou Yang ,&nbsp;Zhengjie Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinji Pu ,&nbsp;Xi Li ,&nbsp;He Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the sequence and expression characteristics of the ZF-HD (zinc finger homeodomain) family in mango (<em>Mangifera indica</em>), sequence analysis of the ZF-HD family was performed using bioinformatics, and RT-qPCR was used to study the transcription levels of the <em>ZF-HD</em> genes during abiotic and biotic stresses. The results showed that 17 members of <em>ZF-HD</em> genes were identified in the mango genome, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed with 59 members of the ZF-HD transcription factor from Arabidopsis, poplar (<em>Populus euphratica</em>), and rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>), and divided into five evolutionary branches. Moreover, the MiZHDs were unevenly distributed into four groups, including MIF (MiZHD1, MiZHD11, MiZHD7, MiZHD13), ZHDⅠ (MiZHD3, MiZHD10, MiZHD14), ZHDⅢ (MiZHD4, MiZHD5, MiZHD9, MiZHD16, MiZHD17), and ZHDⅣ (MiZHD8, MiZHD2, MiZHD6, MiZHD12, MiZHD15). Interestingly, MIF subfamily members have only one structural domain, and other ZHD subfamilies have two domains. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the relative expression of <em>MiZHD4</em>, <em>MiZHD5</em>, <em>MiZHD6</em>, <em>MiZHD9</em>, <em>MiZHD11</em>, <em>MiZHD13</em>, <em>MiZHD14</em>, <em>MiZHD15</em>, and <em>MiZHD16</em> was significantly up-regulated at 3 h in response to salt stress. Under drought stress, the relative transcription level of <em>MiZHDs</em> was significantly up-regulated at 6 h, except <em>MiZHD12</em>, <em>MiZHD13</em>, <em>MiZHD15</em>, and <em>MiZHD17</em>. During <em>Xanthomonas campestris</em> pv. <em>mangiferaeindicae</em> infection, the expression of <em>MiZHD1</em> and <em>MiZHD11</em> were significantly induced at 24, 48, and 72 h post infection (hpi). However, most genes were down-regulated during <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> infection, only <em>MiZHD16</em> was significantly up-regulated during 3–48 hpi. In addition, expression analysis revealed that <em>MiZHD7</em> and <em>MiZHD8</em> responsed to salicylic acid treatment. These results broadened our understanding of the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of ZF-HD genes, which will provide a theoretical basis for the functional study of the ZF-HD gene family in mango.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102816"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous detection of multiple begomoviruses in individual whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) using multiplex PCR and identification of whitefly cryptic species","authors":"Nikeshun Vivekananthan,&nbsp;A Swapna Geetanjali","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bemisia tabaci</em>, the whitefly (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: <em>Aleyrodidae</em>), a major pest of vegetable crops, has emerged as a significant constraint in Indian agriculture. In August 2023, <em>B. tabaci</em> samples were collected from the chilli fields in the Trichy and Perambalur districts of Tamil Nadu. Genomic DNA was extracted from individual whiteflies using a modified conventional extraction method. The primary objective of this study was to detect multiple begomoviruses in the individual whitefly vector using Multiplex PCR (M-PCR), and to identify the cryptic whitefly species present in the study area. To achieve this, the study focused on the modification of DNA isolation protocol and the M-PCR assay for efficient virus detection in individual whiteflies. The M-PCR assay successfully detected three distinct chilli leaf curl viruses in the whitefly DNA namely <em>Begomovirus capsibhavanisagarense</em> [chilli leaf curl Bhavanisagar virus (ChiLCBV)], chilli leaf curl Salem virus (ChiLCSV), and <em>Begomovirus capsisrilankaense</em> [chilli leaf curl Sri Lanka virus (ChiLCSLV)]. To investigate the relationship between whitefly cryptic species and the number of viruses detected, the mitochondrial cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 (mt<em>COI</em>) gene was amplified using species-specific primers. PCR amplification yielded the expected 800 bp mt<em>COI</em> gene fragment, which was subsequently subjected to Sanger sequencing. The results confirmed the presence of the Asia II 5 cryptic species in the sampled populations. These findings highlight the role of Asia II 5 in the transmission of begomoviruses and emphasize its relevance in developing targeted whitefly and virus management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulator and marker-assisted identification of Allium genotypes containing immunological memory against anthracnose","authors":"Kuldip Jayaswall ,&nbsp;Deepesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Deepanshu Jayaswal ,&nbsp;R. Sagar ,&nbsp;Sanjay Kumar ,&nbsp;Ram Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Kiran Bhagat ,&nbsp;Vijay Mahajan ,&nbsp;Himanshu Sharma ,&nbsp;Surendra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Isha sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Allium cepa</em> (onion) suffers significant yield losses due to anthracnose disease caused by <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em>. Current control methods, such as biocontrol agents, have limited effectiveness, while agrochemical applications pose risks to human health and the environment. Genomics-assisted breeding can be useful in getting a diverse genetic pool of wild Allium species to improve disease resistance in cultivated varieties. In this study, we used 42 intron length polymorphic and 22 chloroplast-based SSR markers to identify wild Alliums for anthracnose resistance. Genetic analysis using the marker data showed that two wild types, 6AfistAKO-17 and 15Afistul, are very different from the cultivated types. Immunomodulator benzo-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S-methyl ester evoked a long-lasting immune response in wild Alliums. Transcriptome profiling showed that 131 immune-related genes were more than twice as active in wild Alliums compared to cultivated ones. These included MAPKs (7 genes), WRKY transcription factors (10), R genes (19), MYB transcription factors (28), cytochrome P450s (46), transcriptional activators (14), and other immune-associated genes (7). The results from the anatomical analysis showed that wild Alliums have more callose in their vascular bundles, thicker wax on their leaf surfaces, and closed stomata, which were confirmed by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy, indicating that wild Alliums have a stronger immune system than the cultivated Alliums. Our findings suggest that wild Alliums possess both immunity and immune memory-related genes. This study suggests that molecular markers could help transfer the immunity-related genes from wild Alliums to cultivated Alliums to protect them from anthracnose infestation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ceratobasidium oryzicola, a new fungal species causing sheath blight on rice in Brazil","authors":"Eveline F. Soares ,&nbsp;Tobias W. Martins ,&nbsp;Jayne D. Da Veiga ,&nbsp;Bruno W. Ferreira ,&nbsp;Hélvio G.M. Ferraz ,&nbsp;André C. da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) is among the most cultivated and consumed cereals in the world, and is of vital importance in ensuring global food security. Diseases are among the many factors limiting the increase in rice productivity. Currently, three species of <em>Rhizoctonia</em> (<em>R. solani</em> AG-1 IA, <em>R. oryzae</em> and <em>R. oryzae-sativae</em>) have been reported as causing sheath blight in rice, being one of the most important diseases in rice crops in several countries. However, in the 2021/22 harvest, a new pathogen was found in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, causing symptoms of sheath blight in a rice planting area. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic rice plants and morphologically and molecularly characterized. The initial identification of the fungal isolate was carried out by analyzing its morphological characteristics and contrasting the ITS sequences (nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS4) and <em>rpb</em>2 (RPB2-980F and fRPB2-7cR) with the sequence database available on the GenBank platform, using the BLASTn algorithm, as a probable new species of <em>Ceratobasidium</em>. Therefore, phylogenetic analyses were carried out to confirm our hypothesis. The isolate obtained was allocated to distincts, well-supported clades with Posterior Probability (PP) and Bootstrap values (BS) above 70 in all trees generated. Moreover, we also compared these sequences of <em>C. oryzicola</em> to those of <em>Ceratobasidium</em> sp. C484, another rice-derived isolate, demonstrating that their similarity is greater than that observed among strains of <em>Ceratobasidium ramicola</em> species. With these results we propose a new <em>Ceratobasidium</em> species named <em>Ceratobasidium oryzicola</em>. The pathogenicity test confirmed that this new species also causes sheath blight in rice crops. This is the first description of this new species of <em>Ceratobasidium</em> that had not yet been identified in the world. The identification of this new pathogen, causing symptoms identical to those of other species of <em>Rhizoctonia</em>, is extremely important for implementing correct management measures and for rice genetic improvement programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102810"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis of the response mechanism of Alternaria alternata to in vitro L-cysteine treatment","authors":"Wendan Qu ,&nbsp;Canying Li ,&nbsp;Zhaoyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Fang ,&nbsp;Meilin Wei ,&nbsp;Yonghong Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>L-cysteine (Cys) has been reported to significantly suppress the <em>in vitro</em> growth of <em>Alternaria alternata</em> and disrupt its cell wall and membrane integrity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this inhibitory effect remain unclear. To identify the specific genes and pathways influenced by Cys treatment, the transcriptomic profile of <em>A. alternata</em> following 2 d of incubation was characterized using RNA sequencing. A total of 9, 982 genes were identified, of which 1, 350 genes exhibited differential expression between the control and Cys-treated samples. These differentially expressed genes were predominantly enriched in functional categories such as transmembrane transporter activity, glycolysis metabolism, ribosome biogenesis, as well as Cys and reduced gluthathione metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, it was observed that Cys significantly influenced pentose phosphate pathway and dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) melanin synthesis pathways. Furthermore, RT-qPCR analysis confirmed that Cys treatment distinctly up-regulated the relative expression levels of <em>AaRio2</em>, <em>AaNob1</em>, <em>AaNop1</em>, <em>AaNmd3</em>, <em>AaLsg1</em>, <em>AaSdo1</em>, <em>AaCDO</em>, <em>AaCSE</em>, <em>AaGCL</em>, <em>AaGS</em>, <em>AaGST</em>, and <em>AaGR</em>, while simultaneously down-regulating the relative expression levels of <em>AaTYR</em> and <em>AaOAS-TL</em>. Altogether, Cys treatment suppressed transmembrane transporter activity, glycolytic metabolism, and DOPA melanin synthesis in <em>A. alternata</em>, thereby promoting ribosome biogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and Cys metabolism. This enhancement activated the fungal detoxification and defense mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogenic Oomycota species in walnut nurseries of Bursa and Isparta(Eğirdir) provinces in Türkiye, with a first report of Phytopythium vexans, Phytopythium litorale, Pythium aphanidermatum and Globisporangium ultimum on walnut","authors":"Tulin Sarigul Ertek ,&nbsp;Harun Bayraktar","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Türkiye holds a significant position in global walnut production. According to data from the 2023 production year, the country ranks sixth worldwide, producing approximately 67.000 metric tons of walnuts. However, the expansion of walnut cultivation has also introduced new challenges, particularly root rot diseases that threaten the health and productivity of walnut orchards. One of the most critical diseases affecting walnut crops globally is <em>walnut dieback</em>. This study aimed to characterize the symptoms of walnut dieback and identify the associated causal agents in walnut nurseries located in the Bursa and Isparta (Eğirdir) provinces of Türkiye. Field surveys were conducted between 2019 and 2022 in nearly all commercial walnut nurseries in Bursa, as well as in a major nursery in Isparta (Eğirdir). Plants exhibiting symptoms such as general growth suppression, dieback, leaf yellowing and discoloration, reduced leaf count, and desiccation were examined, focusing on their roots and root collars. In vivo assays and molecular analyses identified several oomycete species, including <em>Phytophthora</em>, <em>Phytopythium</em>, <em>Pythium</em>, and <em>Globisporangium</em>, as the causal agents of the disease. The coexistence of multiple pathogenic oomycetes raises concerns regarding orchard health and the potential transmission of these pathogens to other fruit crops in the region. These findings will assist growers in adopting improved cultural practices and implementing effective management strategies to ensure the long-term sustainability of walnut production in Türkiye.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144535484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome analysis offers insights into the mechanisms underlying the induction of resistance against Fusarium root rot in tobacco by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HN11","authors":"Xue Zhang,&nbsp;Hanhong Xu,&nbsp;Yongqing Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tobacco <em>Fusarium</em> root rot has been recognized as the most predominant soil-borne fungal disease in tobacco-growing regions of southern China in recent years, causing extensive damage across a wide area. <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> HN11, a biocontrol strain isolated from the rhizosphere of neem, has demonstrated notable efficacy in the rice-tobacco rotation system. It has been observed that HN11 can induce resistance in tobacco against the disease. This study was conducted to investigate the resistance-inducing mechanisms of <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> HN11 in tobacco to control <em>Fusarium</em> root rot. These results indicate that the induction of resistance in tobacco by HN11 was predominantly dependent on ethylene and jasmonic acid pathways. In the absence of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> JSJ inoculation, jasmonates were indirectly accumulated by HN11 through the activating genes within the alpha-linolenic acid metabolic pathway. When tobacco plants were inoculated with <em>F. oxysporum</em> JSJ, the accumulation and signaling of ethylene were facilitated by HN11 through the upregulation of genes involved in the phytohormone signaling transduction pathway and the MAPK signaling cascade. Additionally, the synthesis of resistance-related substances in tobacco was induced by HN11. Furthermore, upregulation of genes linked to reactive oxygen species signal transduction and local rapid resistance responses were also observed, thereby enhancing the resistance of tobacco to <em>Fusarium</em> root rot disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative pathophysiology of agarwood formation: from fungal entry to metabolite accumulation","authors":"Ankur Das,&nbsp;Abhijit Sarma,&nbsp;Sofia Banu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agarwood, a highly valued aromatic resin derived primarily from <em>Aquilaria</em> species, is formed through a complex process triggered by biotic and abiotic stresses, particularly fungal infections. Natural formation is rare and slow, prompting growing interest in artificial induction using fungal inoculation. This review explores the role of fungi in agarwood biosynthesis, detailing the mechanisms by which fungal invasion and host responses converge to deposit secondary metabolites, through oxidative stress, phytohormonal signaling, and metabolic programming in <em>Aquilaria</em> trees. Emphasis is placed on fungal strains and method employed to artificially induced agarwood formation in different <em>Aquilaria</em> species, and factors which can possibly influence the efficacy of fungal inoculations. By demonstrating the future directions and current research limitation, this article provides an understanding needed for the development of standardized, sustainable agarwood induction strategies and highlights the potential of fungal-based approaches to support conservation and commercial production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}