Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing biochar for sustainable management of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) in cucumber cultivation","authors":"Sonia Waqar,&nbsp;Adil Ameen Bhat,&nbsp;Mohd Tahiar,&nbsp;Abrar Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root-knot nematodes represent a significant challenge to the cucumber crop, causing extensive yield and economic losses. As chemical nematicides and pesticides face increasing restrictions, the development of sustainable management practices is urgently needed. This study evaluates forestry waste wood biochar for its potential to control root-knot nematodes and enhance cucumber yield at different concentrations: 1.5 %, 2.5 %, 3.5 %, and 4.5 % biochar using a combination of morphological, biochemical, physiological, and microscopic techniques. Treatments were applied under greenhouse conditions, and comprehensive assessments were conducted to determine plant health and nematode suppression. The results indicate that 3.5 % biochar application significantly increased the plant's growth, yield, and photosynthetic performance relative to the untreated uninoculated control. However, higher biochar levels (&gt;3.5 %) had a negative impact on cucumber growth and yield. Biotic stress caused by <em>Meloidogyne javanica</em> was significantly mitigated by 3.5 % biochar, reducing ROS accumulation. Moreover, the 3.5 % biochar application enhanced antioxidant defense enzymes SOD (superoxide dismutase), POX (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) to combat nematode-induced biotic stress. Biochar also upregulated proline content and promoted the activities of nitrate reductase and carbonic anhydrase, which were impaired due to nematode stress. Furthermore, the significant reduction of nematode reproduction factor, egg masses, and root galling demonstrated biochar as an eco-friendly root-knot nematode control agent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity of two races of Meloidogyne enterolobii affecting crops in Brazil and evaluation of new cultivars for host race testing","authors":"Caio Felipe de Barros Souza ,&nbsp;Ana Luisa Porto Cruz ,&nbsp;Vanessa S. Mattos ,&nbsp;Sheila Freitas Almeida ,&nbsp;Fabiano José Perina ,&nbsp;Philippe Castagnone-Sereno ,&nbsp;Juvenil Enrique Cares ,&nbsp;Regina Maria Dechechi Gomes Carneiro","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the host races and genetic diversity of Brazilian populations of <em>Meloidogyne enterolobii,</em> an important nematode species with a wide host range that poses a major threat to tropical agriculture. The North Carolina Differential Hosts Test (NCDHT) demonstrated distinct pathogenic profiles in five Brazilian populations, supporting a subclassification of <em>M. enterolobii</em> into two physiological races: race 1 (positive reaction on tomato, tobacco, watermelon, and pepper, but not on cotton and peanut) and race 2 (also positive reaction on cotton, but not on peanut). Since the standard NCDHT cultivars are are not available in Brazil, we evaluated the compatibility of locally available cultivars as potential alternatives. The recommended cultivars for differential diagnosis are tomato ‘Santa Clara’, pepper ‘Magali R’, watermelon ‘Crimson sweet’, peanut ‘IAC Tatu’, tobacco ‘NC4’ and cotton ‘FM966’. Other cultivars with similar genetic backgrounds may also be suitable. Genetic variability was assessed using RAPD and AFLP primers. Low variability among <em>M. enterolobii</em> populations was detected. Concatenated neighbor-joining analysis grouped two guava populations (Race 1) and two cotton populations (Race cotton), with 95 % and 100 % bootstrap support, respectively. The two pepper populations clustered with two groups, and the sweet potato (race 1) population was the most divergent and clustered separately. Mitochondrial DNA (<em>COII</em>) study grouped the two cotton populations in race 2 from Brazil. Despite RAPD/AFLP and COII analysis, genetic traits that are linked to host races remain elusive. Ribosomal DNA (<em>ITS</em>, <em>D2-D3</em>), and the <em>HSP90</em> gene revealed no interactions related to host races. This study emphasizes the importance of understanding the races and intraspecific variability in managing the impact of <em>M. enterolobii</em> through genetic resistance and crop rotation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102946"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omics technologies in grapevine stress biology: bridging molecular insights and sustainable viticulture under climate changes","authors":"Rajdeep Mohanta ,&nbsp;Sourav Roy ,&nbsp;Subhadwip Ghorai ,&nbsp;Sagar Banik ,&nbsp;Amit Lohar ,&nbsp;Sukram Thapa ,&nbsp;Aheli Majumder ,&nbsp;Sudeshna Biswas ,&nbsp;Koushik Biswas ,&nbsp;Dibyalochan Mohanty ,&nbsp;Ameeduzzafar Zafar","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global viticulture faces important threats due to climate change as it leads to increased biotic and abiotic challenges for grapevines. The complex interaction between abiotic and biotic factors in grapevines has been discussed, emphasizing the need for integrated research. This review highlight the integrated view on grapevine response to stress and adaptation and it can be obtained through the application of omics technologies where genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, ionomics and phenomics are highly studied. The progress achieved in these multiomics approaches has revealed some of the involved pathways for stress signaling, resistance genes, and metabolic changes, offering targets for developing climate-resilient grapevine varieties and improving vineyard management. This review integrates the most recent updates in this area and the future of the application of omics approaches to achieve sustainable viticulture under changing environmental scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocontrol potential of Streptomyces alboflavus LNU-CPARS28 against tomato gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea","authors":"Meng Sun ,&nbsp;Chuanyu Han ,&nbsp;Xuanyi Meng ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Zeng ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Wang ,&nbsp;Gengxuan Yan ,&nbsp;Fangliang Zheng ,&nbsp;Chunyu Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato gray mold, caused by the necrotrophic fungal pathogen <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, represents one of the most destructive diseases affecting tomato cultivation worldwide. While chemical fungicides remain the predominant control method, their intensive and prolonged application has resulted in significant environmental contamination and the emergence of resistant pathogen strains. In recent years, the utilization of antagonistic actinobacteria has emerged as a promising sustainable alternative for plant pathogen management. In this study, we demonstrated that <em>Streptomyces alboflavus</em> LNU-CPARS28 with strong antifungal activity against <em>B. cinerea</em> (85.56 ± 0.83 %) by inhibiting the mycelium growth and spores germination, disrupted the cell membrane, and caused mycelium deformation and the leakage of cellular contents. Its cell-free culture filtrate significantly reduced the infection of <em>B. cinerea</em> to tomato gray mold (with a control efficacy of 90.00 ± 0.58 %). Additionally, the strain demonstrated resistance-inducing properties in tomato seedlings. It also positively modulated the structure and function of the tomato rhizosphere microbial community by recruiting microbes associated with disease resistance while significantly upregulating metabolic pathways related to energy metabolism in tomato plants. These findings suggested that <em>S. alboflavus</em> LNU-CPARS28 shows strong potential as a biocontrol agent for the managing tomato gray mold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102949"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing leaf spot in Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis Willd.) in India","authors":"K.N. Pallavi ,&nbsp;G.S. Madhu ,&nbsp;Soundarya Nayak ,&nbsp;K.S. Keerthana ,&nbsp;Bhavana ,&nbsp;G.N. Sahana ,&nbsp;B. Bharathi ,&nbsp;K.B. Palanna","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bougainvillea (<em>Bougainvillea spectabilis</em> Willd.), a widely cultivated ornamental plant valued for its vibrant bracts and resilience, is increasingly threatened by foliar diseases that compromise its aesthetic and physiological functions. This study reports the incidence of <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> associated with leaf spot disease on Bougainvillea in Karnataka, India. In April 2024, symptomatic leaves manifested as water-soaked lesions progressing into necrotic spots with chlorotic halos, primarily affecting older foliage, were collected from ornamental gardens. The symptomatic leaf disease index ranged from approximately 20.50 to 41.00 at the University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, and other surveyed locations in Karnataka. Pathogen isolation on PDA revealed colonies with characteristic cottony to fluffy, whitish mycelial growth. The conidia were cylindrical, hyaline, and aseptate, with an average conidial size of 15.29 × 4.27 μm. Cultural and morphological characterization revealed that the association with <em>Colletotrichum</em> spp. is the cause of the disease. The targeted multilocus sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene confirmed the identity of the pathogen as <em>C. gloeosporioides</em>. Phylogenetic analysis using Maximum Likelihood method further supported this identification. Pathogenicity assays fulfilled Koch's postulates, with inoculated plants exhibiting the same natural symptoms as those observed in the field conditions. The confirmed presence of <em>C. gloeosporioides</em> highlights its emerging role as a foliar pathogen in Bougainvillea under subtropical conditions in India.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping of the powdery mildew-resistance gene PmPh-3A in a new wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng introgression line","authors":"Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Jing Han ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Li ,&nbsp;Jun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powdery mildew is a globally devastating fungal disease that threatens the security production of wheat. The most effective way to control this disease is genetic resistance. Continuous exploration of novel resistance genes will enrich the genetic diversity of wheat breeding for powdery mildew resistance. <em>P. huashanica</em> is a valuable resource for developing resistance to multiple diseases. Few wheat-<em>P. huashanica</em>-derived lines resistant to powdery mildew have been reported. In this study, a wheat-<em>P. huashanica</em> introgression line, H3-5-9-3-1-4, exhibited high powdery mildew resistance at both the adult and seedling stages compared with its susceptible parent 7182. Cytological observations indicated that H3-5-9-3-1-4 had 42 chromosomes. Genomic in situ hybridization analysis using the genomic DNA of <em>P. huashania</em> as probe exhibited no green fluorescence signal in the root tip cells of H3-5-9-3-1-4. Four SSR markers (Xcfa2147, Xgwm429, Xbarc139 and Xgwm369) successfully amplified specific bands in <em>P. huashanica</em> and H3-5-9-3-1-4, which were absent in wheat parent 7182. These results indicated that H3-5-9-3-1-4 contained partial alien DNA sequence from <em>P. huashanica</em> and was a wheat-<em>P. huashanica</em> introgression line. Furthermore, inheritance analysis and gene mapping were performed using F₂ and F_2:3 populations derived from the cross between H3-5-9-3-1-4 and a mildew-susceptible cultivar Mingxian169. The resistance of H3-5-9-3-1-4 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated <em>PmPh-3A</em>. Bulked segregate analysis using a 660 K SNP array revealed the SNPs were mainly enriched within an interval of 5–15 Mb on the short arm of chromosome 3A. Through genotyping the F₂ population using SSR markers, we narrowed the <em>PmPh-3A</em> into an interval of 4.65 Mb (7,215,576–11,861,282 bp) based on the IWGSC Chinese Spring reference genome v2.1. <em>PmPh-3A</em> may be a new gene for powdery mildew resistance. One hundred and twenty-six genes with high confidence were found in the target interval. Among them, 14 genes were annotated as disease-related protein genes. The identification of <em>PmPh-3A</em> as a novel powdery mildew resistance gene derived from <em>P. huashanica</em>, along with the closely linked molecular markers, provides a valuable genetic resource and may accelerate the development of resistant wheat varieties via marker-assisted selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sesamol inhibits fungal growth by destroying the redox dynamic equilibrium in Pestalotiopsis neglecta","authors":"Jing-Yu Ji ,&nbsp;Li-Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Bing Bi ,&nbsp;Ya-Jun Wang ,&nbsp;Jin-Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Sheng-Yu Zhang ,&nbsp;Ze Wang ,&nbsp;Shu-ming Cui ,&nbsp;Qiao-ya Zhang ,&nbsp;Guo-Cai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disruption of the cellular antioxidant system is an effective way to control fungal pathogens. Many phenolic compounds have been shown to inhibit microbial growth by disrupting the cellular redox balance or antioxidant system. Sesamol (Ses), an aromatic phenol isolated from sesame oil, has good inhibition effects in several bacteria and fungi, but its inhibition activity against plant pathogenic fungi remains underexplored. In this study, Ses caused damage to the fungal mycelial structure. Additionally, Ses markedly suppressed the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in <em>P. neglecta</em>. At a concentration of 300 μg/mL, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was 1.8-fold higher than that of the control group. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that Ses downregulated the expression of genes involved in redox homeostasis while upregulating genes associated with membrane lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, Ses disrupted the redox balance of <em>P. neglecta</em>, promoted membrane lipid peroxidation, compromised the integrity of the cell membrane, and ultimately led to fungal cell death. These findings provide novel insights into the antifungal mechanism of Ses and highlight its potential as a plant-derived pesticide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102945"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology, pathology, and management of Colletotrichum musae and perspectives on developing anthracnose-resistant crop varieties","authors":"Maria Angela Cruz ,&nbsp;Cris Cortaga ,&nbsp;Junrey Amas ,&nbsp;Mark S. Calabon ,&nbsp;Jan Felnesh Exe Bagacay ,&nbsp;Ronnie Concepcion II ,&nbsp;Abriel Bulasag ,&nbsp;JayVee Mendoza ,&nbsp;Monica Fronda ,&nbsp;Junnel Metrillo ,&nbsp;Oliver Balanban ,&nbsp;Jofil Mati-om ,&nbsp;Roxanne Fabriquel ,&nbsp;Mark Angelo Balendres","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Colletotrichum musae</em>, initially described as <em>Myxosporium musae</em>, is the fungus responsible for pre- and post-harvest banana anthracnose. On banana fruits, the fungus causes sunken lesions, which turn into sunken, dark patches with orange acervuli as the fruit ripens. In the field, the pathogen also causes crown rot that attacks the deciduous flowering parts of the banana, leading to fruit and peel necrosis. <em>Colletotrichum musae</em> can be easily isolated from the infected tissue and grown in potato dextrose agar medium. Serological assays, molecular methods, biosensors, machine learning, and artificial intelligence-based approaches can also achieve detection and identification. The infection process of <em>C. musae</em> in banana involves rapid spore germination and appressorium formation in its host under favorable conditions, which include high relative humidity, temperatures ranging from 25 to 30 °C, and a neutral pH. <em>Colletotrichum musae</em> causes a latent infection in immature fruits, with symptoms gradually developing as the fruits ripen. This “quiescent anthracnose” phase remains unnoticeable, and the fungus remains dormant in the subcuticle until fruit maturation. Management strategies for banana anthracnose caused by <em>C. musae</em> focus on preventing infection and slowing symptom development. They encompass cultural, chemical, natural products, biological, and genetic resistance of the host, and their combinations. This paper reviews the current understanding of the biology, pathology, and management of banana anthracnose caused by <em>C. musae.</em> This paper also discussed a general framework for improving crop varieties for anthracnose resistance. Anthracnose management often involves chemical control, which can lead to the development of fungicide resistance and pose environmental and health risks. Thus, resistant varieties are the most sustainable and viable options for managing anthracnose in the integrated disease management approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chaetomium spp.: A multifaceted fungal biocontrol agent for sustainable management of crop diseases","authors":"S. Lavanya ,&nbsp;A. Sudha ,&nbsp;G. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;N. Swarnakumari ,&nbsp;Priyank Hanuman Mhatre ,&nbsp;N. Bharathi","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, consumers have grown increasingly apprehensive about the adverse effects of chemical fungicides on both human health and the environment. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest among researchers globally in exploring alternative methods to safeguard crops. <em>Chaetomium</em> species have emerged as effective biological control agents (BCAs) for the management of plant diseases specifically fungus, nematode and insect, providing sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to chemical fungicides. However, it is important to recognize that some natural substances, including certain metabolites produced by biocontrol agents, may also contain toxic compounds that pose risks to non-target organisms. This review scrutinizes the multifaceted role of <em>Chaetomium</em> spp. in promoting plant growth, inducing systemic resistance and suppressing plant diseases, while also addressing the need to assess the safety of their bioactive metabolites. It discusses the diversity of <em>Chaetomium</em> spp and interaction with plants focusing on physiological mechanisms. Advances in molecular characterization techniques have enabled the differentiation and identification of diverse <em>Chaetomium</em> species, each possessing unique biocontrol attributes. Biosynthetic gene cluster of <em>Chaetomium</em> spp. are responsible for producing a wide array of secondary metabolites with bioactive properties. <em>Chaetomium</em> employ various biocontrol strategies such as antibiosis, competition and mycoparasitism to counteract the presence of competing pathogens, effectively hindering their growth. These mechanisms entail the production of specific metabolites such as antibiosis, induction of disease resistance through defense related enzymes and cell wall degrading enzymes to hinder the development of rival pathogens in plants. <em>Chaetomium</em> spp. are widely recognized as versatile and effective biocontrol agents against a broad spectrum of plant pathogens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the host-pathogen relationship between rice and Magnaporthe oryzae","authors":"Ragulakollu Sravanthi ,&nbsp;Loganathan Arul ,&nbsp;Swaminathan Manonmani ,&nbsp;Chellappan Gopalakrishnan ,&nbsp;Veeraswamy Ravichandran ,&nbsp;Jegadeesan Ramalingam","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice blast disease, caused by the fungal pathogen <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em>, is one of the most devastating threats to global rice production, significantly impacting food security. Understanding how rice interacts with <em>M. oryzae</em> is vital for creating effective resistance strategies. This review thoroughly examines the molecular mechanisms involved in pathogen recognition, immune activation, and the complex interactions between host defenses and fungal pathogenicity. It discusses key defense strategies in rice, including pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), effector-triggered immunity (ETI), hormonal regulation, and the production of secondary metabolites. The review also explores the roles of small RNAs and proteomic changes in shaping host-pathogen interactions. Advances in genetic and biotechnological techniques, such as CRISPR/Cas9 and omics-based studies, have deepened our understanding of host resistance mechanisms. Additionally, it highlights fungal virulence strategies, such as effector-mediated suppression of immunity and metabolic reprogramming. By integrating current knowledge, this review provides a foundation for developing innovative and sustainable approaches to combat blast disease, ultimately supporting global food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"140 ","pages":"Article 102928"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}