Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Leveraging genetic diversity of aromatic rice landraces in Odisha for sustainable rice blast resistance","authors":"U. Keerthana ,&nbsp;A.K. Senapati ,&nbsp;Manas K. Bag ,&nbsp;S.R. Prabhukarthikeyan ,&nbsp;R. Naveenkumar ,&nbsp;Manoj K. Yadav ,&nbsp;Mathew S. Baite ,&nbsp;Ankita Behura ,&nbsp;M.K. Kar ,&nbsp;S.D. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em>, is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice, leading to significant global yield losses. Investigation on genetic diversity and population structure of 108 aromatic rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em> L.) landraces from Odisha, India were made using a set of 20 major blast resistance (R) genes. Phenotypic evaluation classified these landraces into resistant (17 landraces), moderately resistant (17 landraces), and susceptible (74 landraces) groups based on their disease response. The frequency of the 20 R genes across the landraces varied widely, ranging from 2.78 % to 100 %, with each landrace carrying 7 to 18 positive R-gene alleles. In population structure analysis, two sub-populations (K = 2) were found with considerable admixture. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) further demonstrated distinct clustering patterns, separating the resistant and moderately resistant landraces. Molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) indicated that the majority of genetic diversity (57 %) was found within populations, while a smaller proportion (6 %) occurred between populations. Among the eight significant markers identified, YL155/YL87 (<em>Pita</em> gene, R² = 7.8 %), Pita3 (R² = 5.1 %), and Pikh (<em>Pi54</em> gene, R² = 4.0 %) exhibited the strongest associations with blast resistance, highlighting their potential for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, distribution and management of cereal cyst nematode: Global impact to cutting edge solutions","authors":"Priyanka Duggal ,&nbsp;Anil Kumar ,&nbsp;Mukul Kumar Bhambhu ,&nbsp;Vinod Kumar ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;Sardul Singh Mann ,&nbsp;Shubham Saini","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) present a significant threat to global production of wheat, barley, rye, and oats. The present comprehensive review attempts to describe the occurrence, distribution and management strategies for CCN. The global distribution patterns of CCNs are mapped, primarily focusing on the areas affected by their presence. Losses caused by them depend largely upon the environmental conditions, which may exceed 90 % under congenial environment conditions. In response to the challenges posed by CCN, the present review complies the cutting-edge solutions for their management, including cultural operations, use of biological control agents, host plant resistance and advances in genetic engineering. Contemporary strategies for nematode management of cereal cyst nematode encompass precise identification of molecular determinants required for nematode parasitism or life cycle progression, followed by their strategic disruption through advanced molecular interventions which include host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) to suppress critical nematode genes or the deployment of targeted chemical agents designed to perturb nematode chemotactic responses in the rhizosphere, thereby impeding their ability to locate and parasitize host plant roots. Through compilation of synthesized knowledge and emerging advancements, the present review provides a roadmap for research scientists, policymakers and stakeholders for development and implementation of effective management strategies for management of cereal cyst nematode to safeguard cereal crops and ensuring global food security. By interweaving emerging biotechnological breakthroughs with climate-resilient mitigation strategies, it delineates a forward-looking approach that redefines sustainable nematode management, positioning itself at the forefront of modern nematode research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UHPLC-DAD-MS phenolics profiling and nematicidal activity of aqueous extracts against citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans: In vitro and in vivo trials","authors":"Btissam Zoubi ,&nbsp;Fouad Mokrini ,&nbsp;Said Oubaha ,&nbsp;Abdelilah Iraqi Housseini ,&nbsp;Ahmed Qaddoury","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102678","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102678","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</em> poses a serious threat to citrus crops, affecting both open-field and protected cultivation systems. In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the nematicidal efficacy of aqueous plant extracts (PAEs) derived from <em>Moringa oleifera</em>, <em>Foeniculum vulgare</em>, and <em>Chamaemelum nobile</em> against <em>T. semipenetrans</em>. The PAEs were tested under in vitro conditions to assess their effects on the mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) and egg hatching inhibition, while their phytochemical composition was analyzed using UHPLC-MS. In vivo experiments were also carried out on <em>Citrus volkameriana</em> to evaluate nematode development and plant physiological and biochemical responses to <em>T. semipenetrans</em> infection. In the in vitro assay, PAEs were tested at concentrations of 1 %, 4 %, 8 %, and 10 %, whereas the in vivo experiment was conducted with a 10 % concentration. The results demonstrated that PAEs effectively induced J2 mortality and inhibited egg hatching, with the effects varying according to extract type, concentration, and exposure duration. At a 10 % concentration, <em>M. oleifera</em>, <em>F. vulgare</em>, and <em>C. nobile</em> achieved significant (P &lt; 0.0001, F = 57.17) J2 mortality rates, exceeding 55.78 % within 96 h, while egg hatching inhibition surpassed 92 % after 144 h. The in vivo experiment revealed a substantial reduction in <em>T. semipenetrans</em> populations compared to the control. Additionally, significant increases in shoot fresh weight (p &lt; 0.004, F = 10.12), shoot dry weight (p &lt; 0.001, F = 15.46), root dry weight (P &lt; 0.02, F = 5.49) and root length (p &lt; 0.01, F = 17.91) were observed. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis indicated higher levels of essential elements such as silicon, iron, and calcium in plants treated with <em>M. oleifera</em> and <em>C. nobile</em>. Moreover, the application of PAEs led to notable biochemical and physiological changes, including increased proline, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase activities, along with higher malondialdehyde (MDA) content. This study is the first to report the effects of these PAEs against Moroccan populations of <em>T. semipenetrans</em>, highlighting their potential as alternative botanical nematicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic studies of powdery mildew fungi infecting almond and walnut in the Northwestern Himalayan region of India","authors":"Sana Surma ,&nbsp;Zahoor A. Bhat ,&nbsp;Mushtaq A. Bhat ,&nbsp;Mehraj D. Shah ,&nbsp;Khalid Z. Masoodi ,&nbsp;Zahoor A. Dar ,&nbsp;Farhana Wani ,&nbsp;Suhail Manzoor ,&nbsp;Nasir H. Masoodi ,&nbsp;M. Najeeb Mughal","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powdery mildew is a significant fungal disease that affects the wide range of crops including nut fruits. Given their economic importance, the accurate identification of the causal fungus is essential for devising an effective disease management program. In a recent study, seventy-five powdery mildew samples were collected throughout the Kashmir valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India from two nut fruits crops namely almond (<em>Prunus amygdalus</em>) and walnut (<em>Juglans regia</em> L.). These samples were analyzed to identify the associated fungi. The fungi were first characterized morphologically followed by molecular characterization using the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The study identified three species belonging to three different genera within the <em>Erysiphaceae</em> family <em>viz</em>., <em>Podosphaera pannosa</em> on almond, <em>Phyllactinia juglandis</em> under field and <em>Erysiphe juglandis</em> under greenhouse conditions on walnut. Notably, <em>Podosphaera pannosa</em> on almond, <em>Erysiphe juglandis</em> (in greenhouse) and <em>Phyllactinia juglandis</em> (in field conditions) on walnut represent the first reports from Jammu and Kashmir, India. This research highlights the diversity of powdery mildew pathogens affecting nut crops in the region and underscores the importance of accurate disease or pathogen identification for the effective management of the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unleashing oxymatrine from Streptomyces rochei (GA) as a potent nematicidal agent against root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne enterolobii","authors":"Janani Mani ,&nbsp;Seenivasan Nagachandrabose ,&nbsp;Jayakanthan Mannu ,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Kumar ,&nbsp;Devrajan Kandasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainable agriculture faces significant challenges from root-knot nematodes (<em>Meloidogyne</em> spp.) particularly, the invasive species <em>Meloidogyne enterolobii</em>, which severely impacts guava. This study explores a sustainable biocontrol solution using <em>Streptomyces rochei</em> (GA) and its bioactive metabolites. Using GC-MS analysis, oxymatrine was identified from <em>S. rochei</em> GA and demonstrated the highest binding affinity (−6.7 kcal/mol) to the nematode target protein, Me col-1 through <em>in-silico</em> analysis. The stability of this interaction was further validated through molecular dynamics simulations, which confirmed the robust and consistent binding of oxymatrine to the target protein. Furthermore, the results of <em>in vitro</em> assays further validated that oxymatrine @ 200 ppm had nematicidal properties and showed 100 % effectiveness in reducing nematode mortality and egg viability. Also, by incorporating <em>in-silico</em> and <em>in-vitro</em> bio efficacy assays, the key findings underscored the role of oxymatrine from <em>S. rochei</em> (GA) as a potent and sustainable tool for managing <em>M. enterolobii</em> infestations by promoting eco-friendly agricultural practices and long-term soil health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102679"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing an efficient protoplast isolation and PEG-mediated transformation system for functional genomic studies in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum","authors":"Aasiya Nabi ,&nbsp;Yogesh Raunta ,&nbsp;Rafiq A. Shah ,&nbsp;Irtifa Lateef ,&nbsp;Zainab Rashid ,&nbsp;Naziya Nabi ,&nbsp;Tuaha Gowhar ,&nbsp;M.D. Shah ,&nbsp;I.T. Nazki ,&nbsp;Gowhar Ali ,&nbsp;Saima Masood ,&nbsp;Bilal A. Padder","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Colletotrichum lindemuthianum</em> is a significant threat to global bean production. The increasing availability of genomic data has led to a substantial accumulation of knowledge regarding the pathogenicity determinants in <em>C. lindemuthianum</em>, particularly focusing on effector proteins. A highly efficient transformation system is essential to effectively characterize these effectors and elucidate the molecular mechanisms behind <em>C. lindemuthianum</em> pathogenesis. The <em>Agrobacterium</em>-mediated transformation method has proven ineffective for site-directed mutagenesis in <em>C. lindemuthianum</em>. Additionally, the enzymes previously used for protoplast isolation are no longer accessible. We developed a highly efficient method for producing protoplasts using a new set of enzymes from the virulent <em>C. lindemuthianum</em> race 2047. The study involves generating and regenerating viable protoplasts from conidial and mycelial cultures. We treated the conidia of race 2047 with various combinations of enzymes and osmotic agents. Our results showed that a combination of 20mg/ml of Driselase and 1M D-sorbitol yielded the highest number of viable protoplasts. The treatment of 3g mycelial with 1.2g VinoTaste Pro in 30ml of buffer (0.6M (NH₄)₂S0₄, 50mM maleic acid, pH 5.5), yielded 5.8 ± 0.54 × 10⁷protoplasts/g of mycelium, with 85% viability. Isolated protoplasts were transformed with the pBV367 vector and regenerated onto a TB3 medium. The transformants selected for G418 antibiotic resistance colonies were monitored for mRFP1 expression. The protocol achieved a transformation efficiency ranging from 56 to 110 transformants/μg of plasmid DNA. The phenotypic bioassay of ten randomly selected transformants depicted no significant difference between the wild-type race 2047 and the transformants. Additionally, the mRFP1 tagging allowed for accurate fluorescence microscopy visualization of the infection process. This robust transformation method provides a solid foundation for functional genomic studies, including gene knockout and site-directed mutagenesis in <em>C. lindemuthianum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102677"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CPI-SMEL: A novel antibacterial and nematicidal peptide from Solanum melongena characterized as a carboxypeptidase inhibitor","authors":"Geniana S. Gomes ,&nbsp;Hebréia O. Almeida-Souza ,&nbsp;Victor D.L. Almeida ,&nbsp;Elizabeth R. Alfaro-Espinoza ,&nbsp;Tanus H.A. Pereira ,&nbsp;Paulo Wagner P. Antunes ,&nbsp;Mariana Boroni ,&nbsp;Patrícia D. Games ,&nbsp;Meire O. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Leandro G. Freitas ,&nbsp;Paulo Roberto G. Pereira ,&nbsp;Rafael J. Borges ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Baracat-Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Solanaceae</em> plants are rich sources of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), offering considerable potential for the discovery of novel molecules to address sustainable plant pathogen control strategies. Among them, <em>Solanum melongena</em>, commonly known as eggplant, has emerged as a promising candidate, with peptide extracts exhibiting potent antimicrobial properties. This study aims to identify and characterize a potent new AMP isolated from aqueous extracts of <em>Solanum melongena</em> 'Florida Market' leaves. The peptide isolation process commenced with the extraction of eggplant leaf material, followed by selective heating. Subsequently, the extract underwent ammonium sulfate precipitation and ultrafiltration to concentrate the peptide fraction. Chromatographic purification was performed using a combination of ion exchange, size exclusion, and reversed-phase HPLC techniques to achieve high purity level. The obtained fractions were analyzed using SDS-Tricine-PAGE. Peptide identification was accomplished using LC-MS/MS and automated Edman sequencing. Additionally, comprehensive bioinformatics analyses were conducted, including conservation, phylogeny, three-dimensional structure modeling, and molecular dynamics simulations, to provide insights into the peptide structure and function. The purified peptide, named CPI-SMEL, with 4.156 Da, was characterized as a carboxypeptidase inhibitor (CPI), demonstrating significant antimicrobial activity and structural stability. Evaluation against the plant pathogenic bacteria <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> and <em>Clavibacter michiganensis</em> subsp. <em>michiganensis</em>, as well as the root-knot nematode <em>Meloidogyne incognita</em>, revealed strong antimicrobial efficacy of two eggplant peptide extracts Pool1 and PC1. The characterization of CPI-SMEL underscores the potential of CPIs in the development of safe and sustainable plant defenses, highlighting eggplant and other <em>Solanaceae</em> species as promising sources of AMPs for effective plant pathogen management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102666"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-cultural variability, pathogenicity and molecular identification of Phytophthora cajani isolates causing blight disease of pigeonpea in India","authors":"Raj K. Mishra ,&nbsp;Abhishek Bohra ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;A.K. Parihar ,&nbsp;K.K. Hazra ,&nbsp;Sonika Pandey ,&nbsp;Monika Mishra ,&nbsp;Satheesh Naik SJ ,&nbsp;Nidhi Kumari ,&nbsp;D. Datta ,&nbsp;Smita Tiwari ,&nbsp;Naimuddin ,&nbsp;G.P. Dixit","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102674","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102674","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phytophthora</em> blight (PB) caused by <em>Phytophthora cajani</em> (<em>Pc</em>), is one of the most devastating diseases of pigeonpea. This study investigated the morphological, cultural, and pathogenic variability of 30 <em>Pc</em> isolates collected from diverse geographical regions of India. Additionally, pigeonpea genotypes were screened for resistance against <em>Pc</em> over five consecutive years (2017–2022) to identify stable resistant sources for future genetic improvement. Based on colony colour and texture, the <em>Pc</em> isolates were categorized into five groups: cottony-white fluffy (18), cottony-white mat-type (3), creamy-white fluffy (2), creamy-white mat-type (6), and light pink fluffy (1). Three isolates (<em>Pc</em>1, <em>Pc</em>24, <em>Pc</em>26) exhibited fast sporulation, with radial growth exceeding 80 mm. Regarding sporangial morphology, the isolates were classified into 3 groups, <em>i.e.,</em> papillate (14 isolates), semi-papillate (11 isolates), and non-papillate (5 isolates). Among these, isolate <em>Pc17</em> exhibited the largest sporangia (22.6 μm × 14.2 μm). Of the 30 isolates screened <em>in vivo</em>, 16 were classified as highly pathogenic, causing &gt;50 % disease mortality, with six isolates (<em>Pc</em>12, <em>Pc</em>14, <em>Pc</em>16, <em>Pc</em>18, <em>Pc</em>21, and <em>Pc</em>24) being highly aggressive causing &gt;90 % disease mortality. The pathogenicity of all <em>Pc</em> isolates was confirmed and highly pathogenic isolates were further characterized using ITS primers. Among the 30 pigeonpea genotypes tested, 13 exhibited moderate resistance over five years. Genotypes IPAC-3 and IPAPB-7-2-1-7 showed the lowest mean disease mortality (9–10 %), while IPAC-2 demonstrated the most stable performance, with a mean disease mortality of 16.2 %. Our study highlights the significant differences in morphological, cultural, and pathogenic features of <em>Pc</em> isolates. The stable resistant genotypes identified here provide promising avenues for developing durable resistance against PB in pigeonpea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolome and transcriptome analysis revealed the effect of soft rot pathogen on the metabolites of Pinellia ternata tuber","authors":"Ming Luo ,&nbsp;Jiawei Xu ,&nbsp;Yuhuan Miao ,&nbsp;Dahui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dried tuber of <em>Pinellia ternata</em> (Thunb.) Breit (<em>P. ternata</em>) is a key component of traditional Chinese medicine, with its quality directly influencing its therapeutic efficacy. However, soft rot poses a major threat to <em>P. ternata</em> production, severely reducing both yield and quality. In this study, metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses were employed to investigate the metabolic and transcriptional changes induced by soft rot in <em>P. ternata</em>. Following infection with soft rot bacterium, 41 down-regulated metabolites and 266 up-regulated metabolites were identified, along with 17448 down-regulated unigenes and 16926 up-regulated unigenes. The content of nucleosides, organic acids, and saccharides in the tubers were significantly affected by soft rot. KEGG analysis revealed that the metabolisms of propanoate and linoleic acid were significantly improved, while the metabolism of starch and sucrose was inhibited. Transcriptome analysis identified 10 key genes involved in these three metabolic pathways, and their expression patterns were validated by qRT-PCR. This study elucidates the impact of soft rot on <em>P. ternata</em> from changes in metabolite content and gene expression, providing a theoretical foundation for the safe medicinal use of <em>P. ternata</em> tubers and offering new insights for developing metabolite-based green strategies to prevent and control soft rot.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osthole–pyrethrins combination loaded onto hollow microsphere silica nanoparticles inhibits Fusarium solani growth and controls root rot incidence in Cynanchum auriculatum","authors":"Xiaomeng Fei ,&nbsp;Bing Xie ,&nbsp;Junjie Tang ,&nbsp;Lixia Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Zheng ,&nbsp;Haifeng Kuai ,&nbsp;Simeng Li ,&nbsp;Daoguo Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the synergistic effects of compound bio-derived fungicide against <em>Fusarium solani</em>, the pathogen of root rot in <em>Cynanchum auriculatum</em> (CA), and the enhancement effect of loading these combinations through hollow microsphere silica nanoparticles (HMSNs). The mycelial growth rate method was used to evaluate the inhibition rates and EC₅₀ values of eight biogenic fungicides. Highly active fungicide were identified, and their co-toxicity coefficients (CTCs) and combined toxicity were determined. A pot experiment was conducted using HMSN-loaded fungicide combinations. Among the eight fungicides tested, <em>F. solani</em> showed greatest sensitivity to pyrethrins, eugenol, and osthole, with EC₅₀ values of 2.00, 9.49 and 10.90 mg/L, respectively. Of the 27 mixtures tested, the osthole–pyrethrins combination in 1:0.275 ratio exhibited the highest CTC (139.87) and the lowest EC₅₀ (4.00 mg/L), demonstrating a strong synergistic effect. The HMSN-loaded mixture (CS@HMSN) significantly inhibited <em>F. solani</em> growth at all tested concentrations. At 50 mg/L, CS@HMSN achieved the lowest disease incidence (12.50) and incidence rate (33.33 %) while also activating defense enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase. This alleviated the adverse effects of <em>F. solani</em> on CA and improved plant resilience. These findings suggest that 50 mg/L CS@HMSN is a promising fungicide formulation for the biological control of CA root rot, offering an effective alternative to chemical fungicides while enhancing sustainability in production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}