Assessment of morphological and genomic variation in Attakkari rice for selection of blast-resistant lines

IF 3.3 3区农林科学 Q2 PLANT SCIENCES

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102969

Kishanthan Anantharasa , Suvanthini Terensan , Gajapathy Kanapathy , Ponnegipprenthiraraja Antonyrajah

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Abstract

Traditional rice landraces remain vital for food security and cultural identity, yet their use in breeding is constrained by insufficient characterization. This study comprehensively evaluated Attakkari, a prominent local cultivar in Northern Sri Lanka, focusing on its genetic diversity, agronomic traits, and blast resistance potential. Farmer surveys (n = 119) revealed that Attakkari is highly valued for yield (2500–3150 kg/acre), favorable taste, grain quality, and strong local market demand, with 95.79 % reporting consistently high preference. Despite concerns of blast susceptibility noted by 65 % of farmers, cultivation persists due to adaptability and cultural significance. Morphological analysis of seed samples identified ten clusters based on grain traits, from which nine morphotypes were selected for further study. Image sensing using RGB and grayscale intensities differentiated subtle pericarp variations into four sub-groups. ITS sequencing confirmed high genetic similarity (98.5–100 %) among morphotypes, with some sequences showing 100 % similarity to Oryza nivara from South Korea, indicating possible contributions from wild progenitors. Screening for ten major blast resistance genes revealed considerable variation; notably, Att 44, Att 06, and Att 16 carried up to nine resistance genes (Pita/Pita-2, Piz, Pizt, Pik, Pikh, Pib, Pikp, Pi1, Pi5, Pikm). Field evaluations highlighted significant agronomic diversity, with Att 94, Att 44, and Att 116 exhibiting superior vigor, yield components, and grain weight compared to reference varieties (RY, RM, Co 10). Overall, this integrated morphological, molecular, and agronomic assessment demonstrates Attakkari's strong potential for breeding programs aimed at enhancing yield, blast resistance, and sustainable rice production in Northern Sri Lanka.

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抗稻瘟病株系选择的形态和基因组变异评价

传统的地方水稻品种对粮食安全和文化认同仍然至关重要，但它们在育种中的使用受到特征描述不足的限制。本研究对斯里兰卡北部著名地方栽培品种阿塔卡里（Attakkari）的遗传多样性、农艺性状和抗病性进行了综合评价。农民调查（n = 119）显示，Attakkari在产量（2500-3150公斤/英亩）、良好的口感、粮食质量和强劲的当地市场需求方面受到高度重视，95.79%的农民表示一直高度偏好。尽管65%的农民注意到对爆炸易感性的担忧，但由于适应性和文化意义，种植仍在继续。对种子样品进行形态分析，根据籽粒性状鉴定出10个簇，并从中选择9个形态型进行进一步研究。使用RGB和灰度强度的图像传感将果皮的细微变化分为四个亚组。ITS测序证实了形态型之间的高遗传相似性（98.5 - 100%），其中一些序列显示与韩国的Oryza nivara具有100%的相似性，表明可能来自野生祖先。筛选10个主要的抗稻瘟病基因显示出相当大的差异；值得注意的是，Att 44、Att 06和Att 16携带了多达9个抗性基因（Pita/Pita-2、Piz、Pizt、Pik、Pikh、Pib、Pikp、Pi1、Pi5、Pikm）。田间评价突出了显著的农艺多样性，与参考品种（RY、RM、Co 10）相比，Att 94、Att 44和Att 116表现出更强的活力、产量成分和粒重。总体而言，这一综合形态、分子和农艺评估表明，Attakkari在旨在提高斯里兰卡北部水稻产量、抗病性和可持续生产的育种计划中具有强大的潜力。

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来源期刊

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

4.30

自引率

7.40%

发文量

130

审稿时长

38 days

期刊介绍： Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology provides an International forum for original research papers, reviews, and commentaries on all aspects of the molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, histology and cytology, genetics and evolution of plant-microbe interactions. Papers on all kinds of infective pathogen, including viruses, prokaryotes, fungi, and nematodes, as well as mutualistic organisms such as Rhizobium and mycorrhyzal fungi, are acceptable as long as they have a bearing on the interaction between pathogen and plant.