Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling the biocontrol potential of Pseudomonas syringae through seed biopriming against charcoal rot disease in maize","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Punjab, Pakistan, maize production faces a significant threat from charcoal rot disease, caused by the soil-borne fungus <em>Macrophomina phaseolina</em>. To mitigate this issue and ensure food safety, researchers explored the potential of <em>Pseudomonas syringae</em>, a harmless gram-negative bacterium against charcoal rot disease in maize. Maize seeds treated with <em>P. syringae</em> (PS) were planted in soil containing the charcoal rot fungus in pot experiments. The outcome was then compared with the impact of NPK fertilizers and mancozeb fungicide. The positive control, with <em>M. phaseolina</em> alone, exhibited high disease severity resulting in a greater reduction of 30–70 % in the plant's biophysical and biochemical traits. Mancozeb, NPK, or PS, managed 66, 41, and 55 % of diseases and improved the biophysical and biochemical traits of the plants by up to 200 %. Applying <em>P. syringae</em> in combination with the recommended dose of NPK was found as the most promising treatment which significantly improved plant resistance by managing 90 % of disease through improving growth and biochemical traits (up to 300 %). This research suggests effective control of <em>M. phaseolina</em> by combining <em>P. syringae</em> with NPK, enhancing plant defense mechanisms and potentially improving pathogen-induced resistance in the maize plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin as a modulator of MAPK cascade and ROS-RNS feedforward loop during plant pathogen interaction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable agricultural practices encounter formidable obstacles posed by a diverse array of biotic stressors, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids, phytoplasma, and nematodes, which are widespread across the globe. The severity of these stressors is shaped by variables such as weather patterns, cropping techniques, cultivation methodologies, crop varieties, and their resistance capabilities. Melatonin, a multifunctional compound present in various organisms, plays vital roles, especially in enhancing plant resilience to environmental challenges. Its use can alleviate the negative effects of abiotic factors on plants. Recent research indicates its positive influence on plant defense against biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss the contributions of melatonin in enhancing plant resilience against pathogenic attacks by initiating early defense responses, regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels, and interacting with signaling pathways involved in plant defense mechanisms. Following pathogenic attacks, ROS and RNS are rapidly generated, forming an interconnected loop with melatonin, termed the melatonin-ROS-RNS feedforward loop. We discuss how the loop, which may be present in the mitochondria and chloroplasts, increases disease resistance at the earliest possible stage of pathogen entry while providing on-site defense. We also consider the development of the melatonin receptor-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and the emergence of phytohormone pathways in plants, and how melatonin interacts with these signaling pathways to drive defense responses. This multifunctional compound holds promise for sustainable agricultural practices by potentially mitigating the negative impacts of various biotic stressors on crop yield and quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141848100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress in genomic-driven breeding for improving the disease and insect pest resistance in black gram (Vigna mungo)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Urdbean or black gram (<em>Vigna mungo</em>) is a short-duration pulse crop with a high nutritional profile, and its main cultivation areas are in South and Southeast Asia, including India. The production of black gram is constrained by various biotic stresses, particularly diseases like yellow mosaic disease, leaf crinkle disease<strong>,</strong> and powdery mildew. Additionally, insect pests like bruchids and pod borers also affect black gram production. These biotic stresses cause significant losses in yield and reduce yield quality. Breeding for resistance is the most desirable and economical approach for the management of diseases and insect pests. In the past, conventional approaches used in black gram breeding contributed to improving resistance to biotic stress in black gram, but the success was not at the desired level. Therefore, to enhance biotic stress resistance, the black gram breeding programs shifted their focus toward genomics. Recently, several genomics resources, including genome and transcriptome sequences, DNA markers, and genetic linkage maps, have been developed exclusively for the black gram. However, the progress of improving black gram resistance to biotic stress using these genomic resources is still very slow. In this review, we discuss the black gram genomic resources and their use in breeding programs for developing biotic stress resistance. In addition, we discuss the existing research gaps and offer our view on future research for combating the biotic stress in black gram.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising antagonistic effect of bimetallic silver-selenium nanoparticles against Ralstonia solanacearum-causing wilt disease in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> wilt disease causes significant economic losses to a number of crops worldwide, including eggplant (<em>Solanum melongena</em> L.). In this article plant growth promotions such as silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs), selenium (Se) NPs, and bimetallic Ag-Se NPs were used to combat the <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> wilt (RSW) disease and encourage growth-promoting strategies and resistance mechanisms in <em>Solanum melongena</em> L. Results clarified that the tested nano inducers against <em>R. solanacearum</em> (RS) have beneficial antibacterial. Bimetallic Ag-Se NPs (100 μg/mL) was the best treatment in reducing disease index (DI) by 17.5 and increasing the protection by 78.1 %, then Ag NPs and Se NPs, where the DI was 30 and 32.5 and protection by 62.5 % and 59.4 %, respectively. The potential resistance of developing eggplant plants was assessed using morphological characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, soluble protein, antioxidant enzyme activity, and isozymes. There was an increase in vegetative growth, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, and proteins in infected plants treated with all tested inducers, especially, bimetallic Ag-Se NPs. The amount of phenol content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (PPO and POD) across diseased and healthy plants were recorded after applying all investigated inducers. The commercial use of a combination of tailored bimetallic Ag-Se NPs as nutritional therapy against <em>R. solanacearum</em> may be advised.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141953711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising antifungal behavior of biosynthesized bimetallic silver-copper oxide nanoparticles and Bacillus safensis against some strawberry rots","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Promising nanomaterials combined with beneficial microbes contributed to bio-modulations that might increase yields. In order to combat several fungal infections that invade strawberries (<em>Fragaria ananassa</em>), this study assessed the interactions between the synthesized CuO NPs, bimetallic Ag–CuO NPs, and <em>Bacillus safensis</em> (BS-22) under various treatment circumstances. The effectiveness of BS-22, CuO NPs, and bimetallic Ag–CuO NPs against four different pathogens that cause gray mold disease and root rot on strawberry plants was determined. It was possible to successfully extract twenty-four endophytic bacterial isolates from hygienic strawberry plants that were indigenous. BS-22 isolate, which produced the most hydrogen cyanide (HCN), siderophores, gibberellic acid (GA3), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), was identified molecularly as <em>Bacillus safensis</em>. The most extensively studied treatments (foliar CuO NPs at 200 ppm + foliar Ag–CuO NPs at 200 ppm + BS-22) decreased the frequency and severity of black root rot disease in strawberry plants. Foliar CuO NPs (50 ppm) + foliar Ag–CuO NPs (50 ppm) showed significant increase of the total suspended solids (TSSs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) content, and the total polyphenols content compared to the control and other treatments. The same treatment recorded the highest value in all characters of cell wall components except lignin character where BS-22 treatment had the best effect. All tested treatments significantly decreased disease incidence and severity when strawberry fruit stored at 22 °C ± 2 for 25 days on average. According to this study, foliar CuO NPs (200 ppm) + foliar Ag–CuO NPs (200 ppm) + BS-22 (as a soil drench) might be used as a substitute for gray mold and root rot diseases in strawberry development and biocontrol.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome sequencing and differential expression analysis in bacterial wilt tolerant and susceptible clones of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) following Ralstonia solanacearum infection","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102360","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102360","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Two tomato clones (Vellayani Vijay (V) tolerant to bacterial wilt (BW) and Pusa Ruby (P), susceptible to BW) were used to understand the molecular mechanism of tomato in response to <em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em> infection through RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. We identified 164 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between V and P before <em>R. solanacearum</em> inoculation. Among these DEGs, 81 were up-regulated while 83 were down-regulated. Six hours after the inoculation with R. solanacearum, 1374 DEGs were identified with 701 up regulated and 673 down regulated. Twelve hours after the post inoculation 95 up regulated and 179 down regulated. Twenty-four hours after inoculation, 565 upregulated and 229 down regulated. Forty-eight hours after inoculation, it was identified 1489 upregulated DEG's and 1588 down regulated DEG's. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed DEG's were annotated with biological process, cellular component and molecular functions. A total of 824 regulated pathways were identified under various time instances during post inoculation. The majority of DEGs of biological process corresponds to protein modification process, response to stress, response to biotic stimulus and lipid metabolic process. These plays an integral role during bacterial infection. Circadian clock regulation altered the transcriptional activities, which further resulted in the reduction in upregulated and downregulated transcript. The top KEGG pathways enriched in the bacterial wilt tolerant and susceptible clones of tomato were biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, metabolic pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant pathogen interaction. Significant number of transcripts engaged in the synthesis of secondary metabolites at various time points of both tolerant and susceptible clones, confirming pathogen infection. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression patterns of selected DEG, which suggested that the RNA-seq results were reliable. The findings of this study provide profound insight into the potential mechanism of tomato in response to R. solanacearum infection, which lays an important foundation for future studies on management of bacterial wilt.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioprospecting of microbial agents and their metabolites as potential inhibitors of Phytophthora cinnamomi, the causal agent of avocado root rot","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phytophthora Root Rot (PRR) is one of the economically important diseases infecting avocado causing substantial yield losses worldwide. In this study, the root rot pathogen infecting avocado has been characterized and potential bioagents targeting PRR have been identified through molecular approaches. Field surveys revealed varying degrees of disease severity (54 %–17.5 %) and incidence (50 %–10 %) in Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India. The pathogen was isolated and identified as <em>Phytophthora</em> spp. based on morphology which depicted typical coralloid-type growth patterns. Besides, phylogenetic analysis with the ITS, ras-related protein and COX genes showed closed similarity with <em>P. cinnamomi.</em> The isolates showed significant variation in pathogenicity, with PC(TKI)-10 exhibiting the highest severity (70 %) developing typical symptoms. <em>In vitro</em> efficacy assays through dual-plate and volatiles revealed potential inhibitory effects of <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> T (MP)-7 (81.11 %) and <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> B (TI)-3 (76.67 %) against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) provided insights into the antagonistic mechanisms, revealing physical interactions and enzymatic lysis of the pathogen by T (MP)-7 and B (TI)-3. Furthermore, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified bioactive compounds in the crude extracts of these bioagents, elucidating their metabolic pathways and potential modes of action against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>. Our findings highlights the importance of <em>P. cinnamomi</em> in avocado and the mechanism of fungal and bacterial bioagents in the sustainable management of the disease.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141736692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type III effectors RipA5 and RipAM of Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum mainly activate the host plant defense system","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Raslonia solanacearum</em> species complex (RSSC) contains a relatively large number of T3 effectors (T3Es), typically ranging from 60 to 75. There are genetic and functional redundancies among the different T3Es. This redundancy complicates the functional characterization of individual effectors. <em>Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum</em> strain OE1-1, belonging to RSSC phylotype-I, contains 70 T3E candidates. Fifty T3Es were deleted from OE1-1, and the resultant poly-mutant strain, OE1-1D50E, was used as an effector-depleted mutant. Twenty-one conserved T3E genes with the promoter region of OE1-1 were integrated into the OE1-1 <em>glmS</em> locus to construct strains with a reintroduced single T3E. These strains infiltrated eggplant and tobacco leaves, and several phenotypes were observed. None of the strains caused diseases on <em>Nicotiana benthamiana</em> as OE1-1D50E. Several single-T3E-reintroduced strains multiplied less than the effector-depleted strain in the leaves of eggplant and <em>N. tabacum</em>. The <em>ripA5</em>-expressing strain caused electrolyte leakage from infiltrated eggplant and <em>N. tabacum</em> leaves. A large amount of electrolytes leaked from <em>N. tabacum</em> leaves with the <em>ripAM</em>-expressing strain inoculation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was observed in <em>N. benthamiana</em> leaves inoculated with the <em>ripA5</em>-expressing strain. These results indicate that RipA5 and RipAM of <em>R. pseudosolanacearum</em> are primarily involved in the induction of the host plant defense system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141729439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overexpression of pumpkin CpVQ30 increased susceptibility of tobacco to powdery mildew","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Powdery mildew stands out as a prominent disease in Cucurbita pepocultivation, characterized by its widespread distribution, high incidence rates, and a substantial impact on yield. In severe cases, production cuts can be as high as 50 %.The VQ proteins serve as auxiliary proteins capable of interacting with WRKY transcription factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK).They play a pivotal role in mediating plant responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.In this study,we found that the <em>C. pepo</em> protein CpVQ30（XP_022953968.1）was down-regulated in disease-resistant material F2 and up-regulated in disease-susceptible material M3 after powdery mildew infection and hormone treatments. Compared to the wild-type(WT) tobacco plants, transgenic lines overexpressing CpVQ30 (OE) exhibited a more severe incidence of powdery mildew.The activites of superoxide dismutase (SOD)、peroxidase (POD) were reduced, while the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS),and the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased. Additionally, powdery mildew mycelium exhibited accelerated growth and accumulation.The expression levels of defense-related genes were reduced after powdery mildew infection.CpVQ30 enhances tobacco susceptibility to powdery mildew.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141732170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity in the population of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ricini causing castor wilt disease in India","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2024.102361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A major constraint on castor crop productivity is wilt disease caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>ricini</em> (For). In this study, morphological, pathogenic and molecular features of <em>F. oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>ricini</em> isolates collected from different castor-growing agro-climatic zones of India were analyzed. Eighty-nine <em>F. oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>ricini</em> isolates were obtained from wilt-infected root samples of castor plants from different states of India viz., Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Telangana and Tamil Nadu. Morphology assessment in terms of variability in radial growth, size of micro and macroconidia and number of septa, grouped the isolates into 5 clusters in biplot analysis. A genotype-by-isolates bi-plot analysis ranked genotypes for pathogen susceptibility, with JI-35 being closest to the ideal and most susceptible, and DCS-9, and Kranthi being less susceptible. In contrast, 48–1 and JI-258 showed resistance, while Haritha and VP-1 exhibited intermediate susceptibility levels. K-means cluster analysis found 5 groups for pathogenic variability studies of isolates. The six isolates viz., <em>For</em>-12-5 (61.8 %), <em>For</em>-12-10 (50.5 %), <em>For</em>-13-47 (51.4 %), <em>For</em>-113 (86.1 %), <em>For</em>-13-33 (77.9 %) and <em>For</em>-53 (62.2 %) recorded as highly virulent isolates against wilt disease which showed &gt;50 % average wilt incidence mean value across cultivars. Out of 40 ISSR primers tested, 11 primers gave polymorphic bands and analysis of genetic variability among 36 <em>F. oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>ricini</em> isolates showed polymorphism with PIC, heterogygosity index, effective multiplex ratio, Marker index, and Shannon Diversity Index which ranged (in %) between 0.22 and 0.69, 0.19–0.44, 11.09–27.9, 6.14–8.98, and 0.78–3.04 respectively. The dendrogram analysis revealed 53 % similarity among the isolates studied and these isolates grouped broadly into 6 clusters. Variability among isolates was significant in morphological, pathogenic and molecular characters of <em>F. oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>ricini</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141624026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}