Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence integrated nano biosensor technology: A breakthrough in early detection and sustainable management of phytonematodes","authors":"Janani Mani ,&nbsp;Seenivasan Nagachandrabose ,&nbsp;Prabhu Somasundaram ,&nbsp;Suryaprabha Deenan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-parasitic nematodes pose a silent yet devastating threat to global agriculture, causing significant yield losses and economic damage. Traditional detection methods such as soil sampling, microscopy, and molecular diagnostics are slow, labor-intensive, and often ineffective in early-stage infestations. Nano biosensors: cutting-edge analytical tools that leverage nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, and quantum dots to detect nematode-specific biochemical markers such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oesophageal gland secretions, with unprecedented speed and accuracy. The real breakthrough lies in the fusion of artificial intelligence (AI) and nano-biosensor technology, forging a new frontier in precision agriculture. By integrating AI's powerful data analysis, pattern recognition, and predictive capabilities with the extraordinary sensitivity and specificity of nano-biosensors, it becomes possible to detect biomolecular changes in real-time, even at the earliest stages of disease progression. AI-driven nano biosensors can analyze real-time data, enhance detection precision, and provide actionable insights for farmers, enabling proactive and targeted pest management. This synergy revolutionizes nematode monitoring, paving the way for smarter, more sustainable agricultural practices. This review explores the transformative potential of AI-powered nano-biosensors in advancing precision agriculture. By integrating these technologies with smart farming systems, we move closer to real-time, cost-effective, and field-deployable solutions, ushering in a new era of high-tech, eco-friendly crop protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144222240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotyping and deciphering genetic resistance to yellow rust in wheat through marker-assisted analysis","authors":"Munish Leharwan ,&nbsp;Ankit Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Ankush Kumar ,&nbsp;Prem Lal Kashyap ,&nbsp;Sudheer Kumar ,&nbsp;Rajender Singh ,&nbsp;Om Prakash Gangwar","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102757","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wheat stripe rust, caused by <em>Puccinia striiformis</em> f. sp. <em>tritici</em> (<em>Pst</em>), is a major threat to wheat production throughout the globe including India. This study evaluated 110 wheat genotypes for resistance to stripe rust at both the adult plant and seedling stages over two consecutive years at two locations. Adult plant resistance was assessed based on disease severity, host response, and coefficient of infection. Among the tested germplasm, 3.63 % were immune, while 6.36 % exhibited slow rusting resistance. Moderately resistant and moderately susceptible responses were observed in 29.09 % and 21.81 % of the genotypes, respectively. Principal component analysis revealed that the first component accounted for 89.50 % of the total variability in infection coefficient data. Seedling resistance was evaluated against four <em>Pst</em> pathotypes (46S119, 110S84, 47S103, and 110S119), showing a wide range of infection types. Five wheat lines exhibited near-immunity, while several others showed strong resistance to multiple pathotypes, suggesting the presence of effective seedling resistance genes. Molecular characterization using <em>54 Yr</em>-gene-linked markers identified a high frequency of <em>Yr5, Yr35, Yr64, Yr46</em>, and <em>Yr7</em>, while <em>Yr32</em>, <em>Yr18, Yr65,</em> and <em>Yr36</em> were detected at lower frequencies. The presence of <em>Yr10, Yr15, Yr18, Yr24, Yr29, Yr36, Yr44, Yr53,</em> and <em>Yr65</em> significantly contributed to resistance. In order to improve the resistance of wheat to yellow rust, breeding programs can make use of the carriers of useful <em>Yr</em> genes that were identified in this study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102757"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144169082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damage threshold and pathogenicity analysis of Meloidogyne javanica on tomato cv. S22 using the seinhorst model","authors":"Rishil Gupta ,&nbsp;Khalid Z. Masoodi ,&nbsp;Faheem Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102754","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102754","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are globally distributed and highly pathogenic. By determining the threshold at which damage occurs, we can create effective measures to protect plants from nematodes. In our study, we investigated the impact of ten initial population densities (<em>Pi-</em>log series) of <em>M. javanica</em>, i.e., 0, 2.38, 2.68, 2.98, 3.28, 3.58, 3.88, 4.18, 4.48 and 4.78 juveniles (J2) g⁻¹ soil on tomato <em>cv.</em> S22 plants in pots. The graphical estimation of yield losses caused by RKN was calculated using Seinhorst's yield loss model based on the relationship between the RKN population and damage to tomato plants. The relationship between initial nematode population density (<em>Pi</em>) and plant yield was analyzed using Seinhorst's model, where <em>T</em> is the tolerance limit, m is the minimum yield, and <em>z</em> is a constant describing yield decline. This allowed us to determine the threshold at which nematode infestation significantly reduces tomato growth. Seinhorst's model, y = m + (1-m) 0.95^{<em>Pi/T</em>−1} for <em>Pi &gt; T</em>; y = 1 for <em>Pi ≤ T</em> for RKN, was fitted to the data of shoot length and fresh weight of infected and uninoculated control plants to estimate the damage threshold level. The impact of <em>M. javanica</em> on plant physiological parameters, including chlorophyll content, carotenoid and nitrate reductase activity, root-gall formation, and disease incidence, was also determined in this study. The tolerance limits for relative tomato shoot length and fresh weight were 3.34 J2 of <em>M. javanica</em> g⁻¹ soil. The minimum relative values (y_m) for shoot length and fresh weights were 0.39 and 0.42, respectively. We found that the damage threshold level was between 3.28 and 3.58. The root galls index, nematode population and reproduction factors were 3.75, 113 and 29.42, respectively, at an initial population density (<em>Pi</em>) of 3.58 J2 g⁻¹ soil. The chlorophyll (0.43 mg g⁻¹), carotenoids (0.06 mg g⁻¹) and nitrate reductase activity (0.21 μmol min⁻¹ g⁻¹). Our study highlights the importance of the accurate estimation of damage thresholds, which can guide timely and effective nematode management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144221556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coffee husk waste as a carrier for bioagents: development of Trichoderma-Bacillus consortia and their antimicrobials against soil borne Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. in avocado","authors":"M. Ayyandurai ,&nbsp;G.S. Madhu ,&nbsp;K. Manonmani ,&nbsp;N. Rajinimala ,&nbsp;P. Mahalakshmi ,&nbsp;M. Theradimani","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102755","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102755","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>In vitro</em> studies identified <em>Trichoderma harzianum</em> T(MP)-7 and <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> B(TI)-3 as effective biocontrol agents against <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> PC(TKI)-10. The isolates were found compatible under in vitro conditions, and a bioformulation combining them in a 1:1 ratio was tested in different substrates. Among tested, coffee husk-based bioformulations supported the highest microbial populations, with initial counts of <em>T. harzianum</em> T(MP)-7 at 7.5 × 10¹² CFU/g and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> B(TI)-3 at 6.8 × 10¹¹ CFU/g, which declined to 3.1 × 10⁷ and 3.8 × 10⁸ CFU/g, respectively, by day 120. In soil amended with coffee husk-based bioformulations, initial counts of <em>T. harzianum</em> T(MP)-7 (5.8 × 10⁷ CFU/g) and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> B(TI)-3 (4.3 × 10⁷ CFU/g) declined to 2.4 × 10³ and 1.5 × 10³ CFU/g, respectively, over the same period. Coffee husk-based bioformulation significantly enhanced avocado seedling growth, achieving a 92 % germination rate, 14.00 cm root length, 52.43 cm shoot length, and an average of 16.33 leaves. GC-MS analysis identified multiple antifungal compounds, including azelaic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, squalene, caffeic acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Additionally, <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> B(TI)-3 harbored antifungal antibiotic-producing genes, successfully amplifying iturin D (800 bp), bacillomycin D (482 bp), iturin C (506 bp), bacillomycin A (344 bp), fengycin D (220 bp), mycosubtilin (482 bp), surfactin (675 bp), and β-glucanase (400 bp). Similarly, <em>T. harzianum</em> T(MP)-7 tested positive for <em>chitinase</em> (1700 bp) and <em>β-1,3-glucanase</em> (850 bp). Soil application of coffee husk-based bioformulation at 10 g/kg, alone or combined with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and micronutrients significantly reduced <em>P. cinnamomi</em> disease severity. The combined treatment resulted in a mean disease severity index (DSI) of 16.00 %, representing a 64.71 % reduction over control, while coffee husk-based bioformulation alone reduced DSI to 21.31 % (53.87 % reduction). These findings highlight the potential of coffee husk-based bioformulations as a sustainable biocontrol strategy against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>, improving plant health and growth in avocado cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102755"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Etiology and histopathological insights of twisted top disease: A re-emerging threat to sugarcane cultivation","authors":"M. Siva ,&nbsp;V. Sendhilvel ,&nbsp;S. Thangeswari ,&nbsp;P. Malathi ,&nbsp;G. Karthikeyan ,&nbsp;R. Arun Kumar ,&nbsp;S. Harish ,&nbsp;D. Sassikumar ,&nbsp;V. Baskaran","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugarcane is an economically important sugar crop cultivated worldwide in tropical and subtropical regions. In recent years, Twisted top disease (TTD) also known as Pokkah boeng (PB) disease in sugarcane is a re-emerging disease causing epidemics in certain parts of India. The symptomatology of TTD, including twisted top and knife cut development were recorded with a maximum disease incidence up to 84.72 %. The pathogen was isolated separately from the leaf and stalk-associated symptoms and pathogenicity was confirmed through spindle and plug inoculation method. The isolates obtained from the sugarcane stalks were highly virulent and produced advanced TTD symptoms. These isolates were initially identified as <em>Fusarium</em> sp. based on morphological characterization. Subsequent multi-locus sequencing using ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (<em>ITS</em>), β-tubulin (<em>tub2</em>) and translation elongation factor 1- alpha (<em>TEF-1α</em>) identified them as <em>F. proliferatum</em>, <em>F. verticillioides, F. andiyazi</em> and <em>F. sacchari.</em> Furthermore, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that all isolates were grouped within the <em>Fusarium fujikuroi</em> species complex (FFSC). The mycotoxin biosynthesis encoding genes such as fumonisin (<em>FUM1</em>), fusaric acid (<em>FUB10</em>) and beauvericin (<em>bsyn1</em>) were detected in the <em>Fusarium</em> species associated with TTD. To our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of histopathological changes associated with TTD and reports the plugging of vascular tissues in advanced symptoms. These findings on the etiology and histopathology of TTD provide insights for developing an effective disease management strategy to target the <em>Fusarium</em> pathogen responsible for TTD development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144155108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding resistance mechanisms and impact of begomoviruses on pumpkin: A morphological, histopathological, and biochemical perspective","authors":"Neha Verma ,&nbsp;Anushka Sood ,&nbsp;Ajmer Singh Dhatt ,&nbsp;Abhishek Sharma ,&nbsp;Bheem Sen ,&nbsp;Karmvir Singh Garcha ,&nbsp;Jiffinvir Singh Khosa ,&nbsp;Om Parkash Meena ,&nbsp;Madhu Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Begomoviruses significantly threaten pumpkin production in tropical and sub-tropical regions, exhibiting yellow vein and leaf curl symptoms resulting in stunted growth and complete yield loss. This study characterizes the virus(es) associated with these prevalent symptoms and identify resistant mechanisms by investigating the impact of begomoviruses on morphological, histopathological and biochemical changes in resistant and susceptible genotypes. Molecular characterization revealed the predominance of squash leaf curl China virus (SLCCNV) and tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in infected sample. Whitefly-mediated artificial screening of twenty-five pumpkin genotypes against SLCCNV and ToLCNDV identified Punjab Nawab as resistant, while Punjab Samrat as susceptible genotypes. Histopathological evaluations of uninoculated and inoculated (SLCCNV and ToLCNDV) plants of Punjab Nawab revealed minimum ultrastructural changes among dermal, ground and vascular tissues. Contrarily, inoculated plants of Punjab Samrat showed severe vascular tissue damage in leaf, petiole and stem, with ToLCNDV causing more pronounced tissue distortion. Biochemical analysis too indicated increased levels of PO (Peroxidase assay), TAL (Tyrosine ammonia-lyase assay), PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase assay) and SOD (Superoxide Dismutase Assay) in both genotypes on inoculation. SLCCNV infected plants showed greater decline in photosynthetic pigments compared to ToLCNDV. The rise in total phenol content confirmed an active defense mechanism in inoculated plants against viral infection. Furthermore, correlation and heatmap analysis confirmed that Punjab Nawab exhibited increased enzymatic activity and minimal chlorophyll loss upon virus inoculation. Therefore, Punjab Nawab is a valuable genetic resource for introgressing begomovirus resistance into elite pumpkin cultivars which increases adaptability and yield stability across diverse agro-climatic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102745"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus species suppress Pratylenchus in roots and shape the bacterial community in the rhizosphere of lima bean","authors":"Jhoice Ferreira Borges ,&nbsp;Janaira Rocha Campos ,&nbsp;Sandra Mara Barbosa Rocha ,&nbsp;Janderson Moura da Silva ,&nbsp;Larissa Macelle de Paulo Barbosa ,&nbsp;Mayanna Karlla Lima Costa ,&nbsp;Heriksen Higashi Puerari ,&nbsp;Arthur Prudencio de Araujo Pereira ,&nbsp;Erika Valente de Medeiros ,&nbsp;Lucas William Mendes ,&nbsp;Ademir Sérgio Ferreira Araujo","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bacillus</em> species are known to effectively control root-lesion nematodes such as <em>Pratylenchus</em> spp. However, the efficacy of control may vary between <em>Bacillus</em> species. In addition to their direct effects on nematodes, <em>Bacillus</em> species can modulate rhizosphere microbial communities, potentially enhancing biocontrol outcomes. In this study, we investigated the effects of <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em>, applied individually and in combination, on the suppression of <em>Pratylenchus</em> spp. and shifts in rhizosphere bacterial communities associated with lima bean (<em>Phaseolus lunatus</em>) landraces and advanced lines. We quantified <em>Pratylenchus</em> populations in soil and root samples following inoculation and assessed changes in rhizosphere bacterial communities using 16S rRNA gene profiling. Both <em>Bacillus</em> strains significantly reduced <em>Pratylenchus</em> populations in roots, with <em>B. subtilis</em> showing greater efficacy, particularly in the landrace genotype. The rhizosphere bacteriome was primarily composed of Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes, and inoculation with <em>Bacillus</em> strains altered the abundance of specific bacterial genera. Moreover, predicted microbial functions related to nitrogen cycling and organic matter degradation were affected, with genotype-specific responses observed. Our findings demonstrate that <em>B. subtilis</em> and <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> are effective biocontrol agents against <em>Pratylenchus</em> spp. and differentially modulate rhizosphere microbial communities in lima bean, depending on plant genotype.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of plant extracts for controlling Penicillium expansum-induced decay in apples","authors":"Khadija Benamar ,&nbsp;Rachid Ezzouggari ,&nbsp;Ilham Dehbi ,&nbsp;Mouna Janati ,&nbsp;Ayoub El-Mrabet ,&nbsp;Mohammed Taoussi ,&nbsp;Younes Lmekkeddem ,&nbsp;Rachid Lahlali ,&nbsp;Saad Ibnsouda Koraichi ,&nbsp;Kawtar Fikri-Benbrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The apple tree, belonging to the Rosaceae family and producing pome fruits, holds global economic importance. Nevertheless, apples face significant challenges regarding post-harvest diseases, particularly blue mold caused by <em>Penicillium expansum</em>. During the post-harvest period, synthetic fungicides are conventionally adopted for control, however, their disadvantages require exploration of eco-friendly alternatives. Among these, the use of plant-based products like plant extracts and essential oils constitutes an efficient eco-friendly alternative in recent years. Several researchers tested plants bioactive molecules and their activity against blue mold in apple trees. The aim of this review is to compile and analyze the research in the literature on the antifungal activity of essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts against <em>P. expansum</em>, responsible for blue mold in apples. Their mechanism of action is also discussed. These mechanisms include disruption of the fungal cell membrane via lipid peroxidation, increased cellular permeability, inhibition of conidial germination, interaction with membrane proteins leading to protein precipitation, and ultimately cell leakage and fungal death. Moreover, challenges associated to their stability and practical applications are addressed. Besides, future perspectives are presented. Overall, these products are highlighted as effective alternatives to chemical fungicides for the control of <em>P. expansum.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144131026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and In Vitro/In vivo evaluation of epiphytic bacterial strains against walnut bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis","authors":"Sedigheh Setoudeh Hajiabbasalikhani ,&nbsp;Rasool Rezaei ,&nbsp;Kavoos Keshavarzi ,&nbsp;Habiballah Charehgani ,&nbsp;Fariba Ghaderi ,&nbsp;Maryam Ghalamzan Ghalavoz","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacterial blight of walnut (<em>Juglans regia</em>), caused by <em>Xanthomonas arboricola</em> pv. <em>Juglandis</em> (<em>Xaj</em>) leads to substantial economic losses in walnut-producing regions globally. In this study, epiphytic bacteria isolated from the walnut phyllosphere in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, southwest Iran (2018–2019), were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against <em>Xaj</em>. Eighty-five epiphytic bacterial isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic walnut leaves were screened for antagonistic activity against <em>Xaj</em>. Six isolates exhibited inhibitory effects in both <em>ex-planta</em> and <em>in-planta</em> experiments. Among them, D5 and D4 showed the strongest inhibition, with halo diameters of 28 ± 0.06 mm and 27 ± 0.08 mm, respectively, in well diffusion assays. Molecular methods and dendrogram analysis confirmed that D4 was the most similar to <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em>, and D5 was the most similar to <em>Bacillus subtilis.</em> The other four isolates, K2, H11, B3, and B11, exhibited weaker antagonistic activity compared to D4 and D5 and were identified as <em>Pseudomonas hibiscicola</em>, <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>, <em>Pseudomonas geniculata</em>, and <em>Pantoea agglomerans</em>, respectively. Greenhouse experiments using foliar spray and needle-pricking methods demonstrated that <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> effectively reduced disease severity, necrotic spots on leaves, and the percentage of infected leaf area compared to untreated controls. Importantly, pretreatment with D4 and D5 significantly inhibited the growth of <em>Xaj</em> bacteria in plants. These findings suggest that <em>B. amyloliquefaciens</em> and <em>B. subtilis</em> have potential as biocontrol agents against walnut bacterial blight, providing a more environmentally friendly option than chemical pesticides. The use of phyllosphere-derived <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Pseudomonas</em> strains represents a sustainable approach that capitalizes on the natural microbiome's inherent advantages over introduced biocontrol organisms. Further research in field conditions is needed to confirm their effectiveness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102751"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling plant-derived inhibitors for nucleocapsid protein of pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus: Molecular docking, simulation and In vitro investigations","authors":"Rohini Radhakrishnan ,&nbsp;Sendhilvel Vaithiyanathan ,&nbsp;Karthikeyan Gandhi ,&nbsp;Raveendran Muthurajan ,&nbsp;Jayakanthan Mannu ,&nbsp;Djanaguiraman Maduraimuthu ,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus (PPSMV) causes significant agricultural losses, particularly in pigeonpea crops. This study evaluated the antiviral potential of curcumin, a phytophenol derived from <em>Curcuma longa</em>, against PPSMV. Computational molecular docking and dynamics simulations revealed that curcumin is a high-affinity inhibitor of −7.3 kcal/mol that binds to the nucleocapsid protein of PPSMV through strong hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. Glasshouse trials demonstrated the effectiveness of curcumin, with pre-inoculation treatments at 300 ppm achieving the lowest disease incidence (6.67 %) and significantly promoting plant growth. Real-time PCR revealed a significant reduction of 7.47 × 10⁴ in the level of viral cDNA in treated plants at 21 days post inoculation (dpi). The regression analysis revealed an R2 value of 0.907, suggesting that the virus titer had a significant effect on the percent disease incidence. These findings highlight the potential of curcumin as an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic pesticides for managing PPSMV, offering insights into its molecular interactions and antiviral mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"139 ","pages":"Article 102748"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144196068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}