Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Botrytis cinerea protease activity removes the chitin-binding domain of a major grapevine chitinase, abolishing its antifungal activity","authors":"Angela Bolzonello ,&nbsp;Ilaria Battisti ,&nbsp;Silvio Tundo ,&nbsp;Aderito Tomas Pais Da Cunha ,&nbsp;Matteo Marangon ,&nbsp;Simone Vincenzi ,&nbsp;Antonio Masi ,&nbsp;Luca Sella ,&nbsp;Nathalie Poussereau ,&nbsp;Francesco Favaron","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitinases are crucial components of plant defence against fungal pathogens, hydrolyzing chitin in fungal cell walls and triggering immune responses. <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, a highly destructive necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing grey mould disease on several crops, employs sophisticated strategies to counteract plant defence mechanisms, including neutralizing pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins like chitinases. This study elucidates how <em>B. cinerea</em> cleaves the major grapevine chitinase IV (UniProt Q7XAU6) contained in grape berries and leaves. The pathogen secretes protease that cleaves the N-terminal chitin-binding domain (CBD) of the 31 kDa chitinase, generating a 28 kDa intermediate and eventually a 26 kDa product. The final product lacks antifungal activity against spore germination and hyphal elongation, despite retaining approximately 50 % of its enzymatic activity. The inhibition of the 28 kDa intermediate's cleavage by a metalloprotease inhibitor suggests that a deuterolysin-type protease may be responsible for releasing the 26 kDa product. During <em>B. cinerea</em> infection of grapevine leaves, chitinase IV expression is induced, with the protein accumulating as the infection progresses and declining in fully necrotized tissue. The cleaved form of the protein was also detected in infected tissues. This proteolytic mechanism complements other strategies employed by <em>B. cinerea</em> to overcome the grapevine chitinase defence, highlighting the complex molecular interplay between the pathogen and its host and the adaptability of this fungus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic silver nanoparticles to control rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae","authors":"Muhammad Shahid ,&nbsp;Paul K. Goetze ,&nbsp;Usman Shafqat ,&nbsp;Young-Ki Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice blast caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> is one of the most important diseases, increasing economic threats to rice production across the globe. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a preventive measure to mitigate rice blast. The AgNPs were biologically synthesized by using the bacterial culture supernatant of <em>Kocuria</em> species, and their synthesis was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) with maximum absorbance at 420 nm. The biogenic AgNPs were further characterized with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). FTIR spectra indicated the presence of C ≡ N, C = C, and N-H stretching. XRD indicated a distinct crystallite nature well as the average nanoparticle size as 3.07 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed agglomerated and irregular shaped nanoparticles. In vitro antifungal activity showed that mycelial growth and conidial germination of <em>M. oryzae</em> significantly decreased by AgNPs. Their antifungal effects were greater than propiconazole, a demethylation inhibitor fungicide commonly used for rice diseases. In the greenhouse experiment, symptoms of rice blast significantly reduced by 28.53 %, 41.02 % and 78.23 % less in lesion development at 10, 20, and 30 ppm AgNP foliar application, respectively, as compared to the untreated control. This study introduces a novel approach to combating rice blast disease by AgNPs, biosynthesized by <em>Kocuria</em> species. The research highlights both the environmental outcomes of this green synthesis method and its effectiveness against <em>M. oryzae</em>, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional fungicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome editing for improving disease resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) - Scope, achievements, limitations and future needs","authors":"Shobica Priya Ramasamy ,&nbsp;Sakthi Ambothi Rathnasamy ,&nbsp;Sudha Manickam ,&nbsp;Gopalakrishnan Chellappan ,&nbsp;Balakrishnan Natarajan ,&nbsp;Manonmani Swaminathan ,&nbsp;Geetha Seshadri ,&nbsp;Raveendran Muthurajan","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice, being a globally important crop, faces constant threats from pathogens, driving the need for the creation of versatile rice varieties. Rice diseases result in significant yield reduction, with losses reaching 26 % or higher. The incorporation of resistance genes rather than the application of agrochemicals poses a green solution for the management of diseases. Conventional breeding and marker-aided selection require considerable time to develop disease-resistant cultivars, which necessitates the paradigm shift towards recent gene editing techniques. CRISPR/Cas-driven targeted modifications have revolutionized the field of molecular biology by hastening resilient rice reconstruction. The system employs RNA-guided DNA endonuclease activity to create precise edits in the genomic loci. Rather than double-stranded breaks and single-gene knockouts, single-strand nicks and multigene knockouts were the expansions of Cas9 gene editing. This review explores the use of advanced genome editing tools for crafting novel alleles of resistance genes in rice, in response to fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases. After years of deciphering and analyzing genomes, researchers are now advancing to editing and rewriting them, to develop crop plants with increased resistance to specific pests and pathogens. Harnessing the potential of gene editing paves the way for tailor-made rice cultivars, that enhance rice defense mechanisms while preserving key traits. In this review, we investigated the integration of gene editing innovations to develop disease-resistant rice, highlighting its potential to accelerate the creation of resilient rice lines. Additionally, key limitations and challenges that need to be overcome for the broader implementation of this rapidly advancing technology, aiming to enhance food security and promote sustainable agriculture have also been discussed. This updated review provides valuable insights for rice breeders and biotechnologists in selecting target genes for precise genetic manipulation. It also addresses key challenges such as transformation efficiency, construct delivery systems, off-target effects, validation strategies, and transgene-free gene editing. By tackling these aspects, the review facilitates the accelerated development of rice cultivars with enhanced resistance to multiple diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102640"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-course transcriptomic analyses integrated with metabolic data of Malus ‘Kelsey’ leaves in response to Gymnosporangium yamadae infection","authors":"Yonghua Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianran Xu ,&nbsp;Lusha Li ,&nbsp;Siqi Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crabapple (<em>Malus</em>) is an important ornamental and economical tree species in northern China. However, widespread infestation by <em>Gymnosporangium yamadae</em> has led to serious outbreaks of crabapple rust disease, resulting in considerable economic losses. Current control strategies rely heavily on chemical pesticides, but the rising resistance of <em>G. yamadae</em> has substantially diminished their efficacy, emphasizing the need for alternative solutions. In this context, understanding the host's resistance mechanisms and identifying disease-resistant varieties are crucial for sustainable management practices. To address these challenges, this study employs transcriptomic analyses to investigate gene expression changes in <em>M</em>. <em>‘</em>Kelsey’ leaves at multiple time points following <em>G. yamadae</em> infection. Spearman correlation analysis (P-adj&lt;0.5) was conducted to uncover statistical relationships between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). Our findings emphasize five antifungal-related DEGs and six key DAMs. During the early infection stages, genes encoding antifungal proteins from the HVA22 and Zingipain-2 families were significantly downregulated, potentially weakening plant resistance. As the infection progresses, sorbitol accumulates as a sugar signal, regulating plant resistance. In later stages, genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroid glycosides exhibit marked upregulation, suggesting the potential role in disease resistance. These findings highlight the critical roles of two anti-pathogen proteins (HVA22 and Zingipain-2) and sorbitol as a resistance regulator in crabapple rust defense. By elucidating the molecular and metabolic pathways underlying resistance, this study provides valuable insights for breeding programs aimed at developing rust-resistant crabapple varieties. Moreover, the identification of key regulatory and metabolic pathways offers a foundation for selecting genotypes with enhanced resilience, contributing to sustainable and effective disease management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weeds-derived compounds and their interaction assessment with Meloidogyne javanica using homology-built protein modeling","authors":"Saba Fatima ,&nbsp;Faryad Khan ,&nbsp;Mohd Asif ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shariq ,&nbsp;Mahboob Alam ,&nbsp;Afroz Aslam ,&nbsp;Arshad Khan ,&nbsp;Mansoor Ahmad Siddiqui ,&nbsp;Rehab O. Elnour ,&nbsp;Mohamed Hashem ,&nbsp;Faheem Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quantitative and qualitative output of numerous economic crops around the globe is severely limited by plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). The use of synthetic nematicides remarkably causes environmental pollution; the best alternative for pollution prevention is organic inputs. This study focused on testing nine types of carrots to determine which carrots are resistant to and susceptible to <em>Meloidogyne javanica</em>. Five weed species were studied for their effects on <em>Meloidogyne javanica</em> egg masses and second-stage juveniles (J2s). These include <em>Dipsacus sylvestris (Ds), Euphorbia prostrata (Ep), Malvastrum tricuspidatum (Mt), Lepidium didymum (Ld), Portulaca oleracea</em> (Po) and <em>Sonchus asper (Sa)</em>. In vitro-tested weeds were further utilized against <em>M. javanica</em> in management (in vivo) experiments with highly susceptible cultivars. The gall index of carrot roots revealed that the cultivar Golden Rosy was resistant, whereas the cultivar Red Core was highly susceptible to the nematode. In vitro tests revealed that extracts of certain weeds effectively stopped the second-stage juveniles of <em>M. javanica.</em> However, only bioactive compounds released from Ld and Sa caused the highest mortality rates (86.8 % and 82.4 %), with LC50 values of 0.016 % and 0.022 %, respectively, and the highest egg hatching inhibition rates (80.0 % and 78.4 %, respectively) of J2s from <em>M. javanica</em> at a 100 % concentration. This study also used virtual screening to explore how the chemicals from <em>Meloidogyne javanica, Lemna duckweed</em> (Ld), and <em>Spirodela polyrhiza</em> (Sa) interact with each other. We used a homology-built receptor protein model for molecular docking. The phytocompound 4,4-dimethyl-androst-5-ene-3-ol had the best affinity for binding to key amino acid residues, with a docking score of 7.5 kcal/mol. The lowest binding affinity, −3.9 kcal/mol, was found for 1,8,11-heptadecatriene (Z,Z) when it contacted the receptor. Among the 33 compounds found in the plants that were tested, 4,4-dimethyl-androst-5-ene-3-ol and stigmast-5-ene-3-ol were the most effective at preventing <em>M. javanica</em> from growing in multiple models. The use of leaf powder (5 g) of Ld along with chopped leaves of Ds, Ep, Mt, Po, and Sa weeds (30 g each) on <em>M. javanica</em> in vivo revealed that all of the treatments had a significant nematicidal effect on the nematode population, although to different degrees, and helped the carrot plants grow. These findings support the potential of the above weeds as nematode control agents, suggesting their viability over synthetic nematicides. This study can help with long-term nematode control plans where phytocompounds, mostly stigmast-5-ene-3-ol and 4,4-dimethyl-androst-5-ene-3-ol, are used as eco-friendly bionematicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioefficacy of Cymbopogon citratus in controlling grey blight disease in tea (Camellia sinensis) caused by Pestalotiopsis microspora","authors":"Francis Lijo Mendez ,&nbsp;Nepolean Paneerselvam ,&nbsp;Rishikaran Selladurai ,&nbsp;Murugavel Kuppusamy","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tea, a perennial shrub, is severely impacted by various biotic and abiotic stresses, among which grey blight, caused by <em>Pestalotiopsis microspora</em>, plays a major role in significant crop loss. In this study, out of 15 locally available plants, the ethyl acetate extracts of <em>Cymbopogon citratus</em> and <em>Piper nigrum</em> were scrutinised. The <em>in vitro</em> bioassay revealed that <em>C. citratus</em> at 5 mL/L and 10 mL/L completely inhibited <em>P. microspora</em> under the food poisoning technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of <em>C. citratus</em> extract was found to be 2 mg/mL. The GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane, Silane, trichlorooctadecyl-, and 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester at higher levels, with saturated hydrocarbons as the most abundant class (48 %). The Elongation Factor 1-alpha (EF1) of <em>Pseudopestalotiopsis theae</em> was taken as the target protein, and a 3D model was built and validated with an active site containing 98 amino acid residues. The molecular docking results highlighted the compound 2,6-Dimethyl-6-trifluoroacetoxyoctane, having a binding affinity of −5.8 kcal/mol, compared to Carbendazim with −6.5 kcal/mol. Under visualisation, the ligands of 2,6-Dimethyl-6-trifluoroacetoxyoctane formed conventional hydrogen bonds at ILE60, CYS80, and ILE83, aiding in the interaction and stability of the ligand-protein complex. Finally, <em>C. citratus</em> established a satisfactory control of 61 % against grey blight disease, which was on par with the organic recommended schedule under field conditions. This study suggests a sustainable and environmental-friendly control measure by reducing synthetic chemical inputs through an integrated disease management (IDM) strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102638"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant secondary metabolites in defense against phytopathogens: Mechanisms, biosynthesis, and applications","authors":"Punet Kumar ,&nbsp;Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Sushma Pal ,&nbsp;Sangam Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants have evolved elegant defense strategies against biotic and abiotic stresses by principally using the secondary metabolites alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids; phenolics, etc. Secondary metabolites (e.g. alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and phenolics) play roles in constitutive defenses (e.g., tomatine) and induced responses (e.g., phytoalexins), that enable plants effective defense against pathogens and herbivores. This review integrates current information on biosynthesis and ecological roles of secondary metabolites ranging from biotrophic, and hemi-biotrophic to necrotrophic pathogens in the activation of such a metabolic diversity. This present discussion is about the regulation of response via their key signaling molecules, namely jasmonic acid and salicylic acid, and their function from both sides of defense trade-offs. Overview of recent advances in genetic engineering and metabolic engineering approaches for engineering the production of metabolites to replace synthetic agrochemicals sustainably. This review emphasizes the role of secondary metabolites in integrated pest management and sustainable agriculture, despite their potential pharmaceutical applications. In the future, research should address the molecular base of secondary metabolism and open ways for biotechnological tools to develop climate-resilient crops. This review integrates basic concepts of plant defense with an applied biotechnology theme to provide lessons learned on the use of secondary metabolites to promote sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel qPCR-based screening method compatible with acid fuchsin staining reveals reduced susceptibility of SDG740 CRISPR mutant in rice against Meloidogyne graminicola","authors":"Melissa Deveux ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Atighi ,&nbsp;Lisa Stekelorum ,&nbsp;Tina Kyndt","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Meloidogyne graminicola</em>, commonly known as the rice root-knot nematode, is one of the most damaging rice pathogens, resulting in severe yield losses worldwide. Accurately quantifying nematode infection in rice roots is a challenging and time-consuming task. To address this, a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed to directly detect and quantify <em>M. graminicola</em> in DNA extracted from infected rice roots. This method has proven compatible with traditional acid fuchsin staining, making it possible to validate the qPCR results by manual counting under the microscope. Of the two tested DNA extraction methods, the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit showed the best correlation between the obtained Cq values and the actual nematode numbers present in the roots. A CRISPR-Cas9 knockdown line for SDG740, which was found to be highly upregulated in nematode-induced giant cells, was generated to investigate its role in nematode infection. Traditional nematode counting revealed reduced susceptibility of the mutant plants, a finding that was confirmed when using the qPCR-based approach. Although absolute quantification by qPCR underestimated the number of nematodes, the differences in infection levels were accurately reflected by the Cq-values. This highlights the relevance of this qPCR-based approach as a novel screening method for assessing nematode infection in different rice mutants and varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102635"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of trihelix transcription factors in grapevine and expression dynamics in response to biotic stress and hormone treatment","authors":"Vivek Yadav ,&nbsp;Fuchun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Chuan Zhang,&nbsp;Songlin Zhang,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Na Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoming Zhou,&nbsp;Haixia Zhong,&nbsp;Xinyu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transcription Factors (TFs) serve as master regulators of disease resistance in plants. Given the significant roles of trihelix TFs in model plants and their role in multiple disease resistance, current research was aimed at identifying and predicting their tentative function in grapevines. This study discovered 33 complete <em>VvTH</em> genes within the grape genome, categorized into five groups: GT-1 with 5 genes, GT-2 with 8 genes, GTγ with 4 genes, SH4 with 4 genes, and SIP1 with 12 genes. The gene structures and conserved motifs of <em>VvTHs</em> in the same subfamily were highly consistent and contained similar domain patterns. Subcellular localization analysis exhibited that most <em>VvTHs</em> are present in the nucleus region. Chromosomal mapping revealed that <em>VvChr08</em> and <em>VvChr13</em> contain the highest number of trihelix family members. In addition, most cis elements found in promoter regions were related to biotic stress response and phytohormone related. ABA-responsive element (ABRE) was identified predominately among members. Dynamic expression profiling of all <em>VvTH</em> genes under various diseases and defense-related phytohormones suggests their involvement in defense regulation. Furthermore, qRT-PCR-based expression analysis revealed the crucial roles of <em>VvTH08, VvTH12, VvTH13, VvTH15</em>, and <em>VvTH22</em> in anthracnose stress. Our study provides insights into the functions of trihelix transcription factors in grapevine response to multiple biotic stresses and presents new key genes for biotic stress-tolerance breeding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 102628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative proteomic analysis of resistant and susceptible aromatic rice landraces in response to blast pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae","authors":"U. Keerthana ,&nbsp;S.R. Prabhukarthikeyan ,&nbsp;A.K. Senapati ,&nbsp;Manas Kumar Bag ,&nbsp;C. Parameswaran ,&nbsp;R. Naveenkumar ,&nbsp;Sucharita Mohapatra ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Mathew S. Baite ,&nbsp;S.D. Mohapatra","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102629","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em>, the causative agent of rice blast disease, poses a significant threat to rice yield. Aromatic rice landraces offer significant variation in disease resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses remain poorly understood. Understanding how these landraces respond to blast infection can contribute to developing effective strategies for disease control. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of protein profiles in two aromatic rice genotypes, 'Benugopal' (resistant) and 'Kalikati 2' (susceptible), with contrasting blast resistance using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. A total of 18 protein spots were identified as differentially expressed between the two genotypes, showing significant intensity differences at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h post-inoculation with <em>M. oryzae</em>. These differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were primarily associated with disease resistance, plant defense, signaling, stress response, growth, and development in rice. To validate protein expression changes at the transcript level, qRT-PCR was performed, revealing a positive correlation between mRNA levels and protein fold changes for eight selected genes. In conclusion, this study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms driving the resistance of aromatic rice genotypes to <em>M. oryzae</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 102629"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}